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This research sheds light on the concept of public money and the factors leading to the diversity of patterns of abuse, and what are the methods of protecting public funds from the legal and ethical perspective. The research uses the analytical induction method. The research reached a set of results, the most important of which is that the assault on public money is a social phenomenon that occurs for political, economic or organizational reasons. It is not related to a single owner, but rather to the totality of the people without anyone holding it for himself, and Islam has warned against eating people’s money unjustly. and promised those who eat people’s rights or wrong them with severe torment, and therefore following the religious approach is one of the most important methods of protecting public money in any society Human, because Islam is the religion of humanity as a whole, valid for every time and place, and all heavenly laws address the human mind, which is the focus of the mandate and concerned with the implementation of its provisions that were originally revealed for the sake of man and the preservation of public interests, and therefore the protection of public money lies in the development of religious culture among The members of society, and their upbringing on virtuous morals and noble values ​​that the true religion guides them to.

Early January 2023, the President of the Republic of Indonesia ratified the R-KUHP to become Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code. The new Criminal Code will be enforced in three years, with the agenda of socializing it to all law enforcement officials, and also to all Indonesian people. This study wants to explore the use of the Criminal Code with the various problems that accompany it, during an independent nation. The enactment of the Criminal Code raises its own problems for Indonesian religious people based on the first precepts of Pancasila and having an eastern culture. The method used in this research is doctrinal research or normative legal research and is supported by empirical legal research. The novelty of this study is an analysis of the problems with the application of the Criminal Code so far to strengthen the enforceability of the new Criminal Code which will be implemented in the next three years. Research results are, the problem with the application of the Criminal Code as a form of material criminal law has an impact on all aspects. First, the aspect of legal education where knowledge about criminal law reform is not beneficial due to the maintenance of the Criminal Code, from the judicial or law enforcement aspect, the Criminal Code also continues to be used and even becomes the basis for considering the general rules of Book I of the Criminal Code, as long as it is not regulated in laws and regulations outside the Criminal Code. The validity of the Criminal Code from the perspective of religious law and customary law has gaps that cause problems, such as the adultery article in the Criminal Code which has different meanings and principles from those stipulated in religious law and customary law. The principle of “no excuse”, which is implied in the Criminal Code, does not reflect the religious and cultural character of the Indonesian people by prioritizing the concept of forgiveness.

تهدف هذه الدراسة لتمكين ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة في المجتمع، وذلك من خلال برامج تحفيزية وأطر تنموية مدعومة من منظمات إنسانية تطوّر من مهاراتهم وتجعلهم يتطلّعون للأفضل ويعتمدون على أنفسهم ويتساوون مع أفراد المجتمع الذين يتجاهلونهم أحيانًا. وستبين الورقة أهمية هذه الفئة في المجتمع وخصوصيتها المختلفة عن الأفراد العاديين حتى صار الناس يعبّرون عنهم بمصطلح ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة. ومشكلة الدراسة تكمن في المعوّقات التي تواجههم والظلم الذي يقع عليهم بسبب إعاقاتهم والنظرة السلبية للأفراد الأسوياء والمجتمع تجاههم. وقد اعتمد الباحث في دراسته لهذا الموضوع على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي وجمع المعلومات المتعلقة بموضوع البحث وذلك لتحليلها واستخلاص النتائج التي تنطوي عليها هذه المعلومات. ومن أهم النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة الحلول والمقترحات الإيجابية التي تَحُدُّ من النظرة التي لا تجد فيها هذه الفئة المميزة بمواهبها المتعدّدة واحتياجاتها التي تتطلّع لها كغيرها اهتمامًا كافيًّا من المجتمع والمسؤولين. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج المهمة ومنها: إنَّ العيوب الخِلقية في جسم الإنسان من منظور الإسلام، لا تكون سببًا للتَّندُّر أو التقليل من شأن أصحابها، وأنه يجب أن يُعطى المعاق حقه كاملاً دون الانتقاص منهم، وأوصت الدراسة بـضرورة إنشاء وزارة مستقلة متكاملة الهيئات والإدارات تعني بشؤون ذوي الحاجات الخاصة وتركِّز على حل مشاكلهم وإعادة تأهيلهم في المجتمع. الكلمات المفتاحية: معوّقات، تمكين، المجتمع، ذوو الاحتياجات، برامج، أطر، حلول، برامج، منظور شرعي. Abstract This study aims at empowering people with special needs in society, through incentive programs and development frameworks, supported by humanitarian organizations. These organizations will develop their skills and make them look forward to the best and rely on themselves are on par with the other community members who sometimes ignore them. The research will show the importance of this group in society and their different characters from normal individuals until people have started to call them with the term people with special needs. The problem of the study will clarify the injustice that befalls on them and the negative view of normal individuals towards them because of their disabilities. To deal with these cases, the study will be conducted through the descriptive and analytical approaches in order to reach the results that the idea of the paper aspires to achieve. Among the most important results that the study will reach are the positive solutions and proposals that change the perception towards this group that will be distinguished with their multiple talents and needs. And they look like others and the disabilities do not find sufficient attention from society and officials. To arrange the paper, the paper will be divided into axes and sections through which the researcher deals with the concept of people with special needs and finding positive solutions to their family, educational, health, social, and professional problems that did not enable them to practice their normal lives until they enjoy their rights in society.

In general, in leasing goods (ijarah ala al-a'yan) the object of the contract is the benefit that comes from tangible objects. However, it is different from renting a Zoom Meeting Premium account whose position is as application software. So that its position will have benefits if its use is collaborated with hardware as hardware. Meanwhile, if it is only the software that is being leased, how can the software have benefits as the object of an ijarah contract which is the benefit of an object. Therefore, this study will discuss the practice of renting a Zoom Meeting Premium account according to the perspective of sharia economic law. This research is a research that uses a descriptive case study method with an empirical juridical approach. The data analysis technique was carried out through three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. The results of this study find the fact that the position of Zoom Meeting is premium as an application software that is part of a computer program. While the computer program is part of the copyright in the form of intangible movable objects. So that there is the development of the object of the ijarah contract which is generally in the form of benefits derived from tangible objects which can also come from the benefits of intangible objects.

Non-bank financial service actors in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic made a breakthrough by creating fintech (Financial technology) through the development of Peer Peer Lending (P2P) or online loans. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of 5C principles in the practice of peer-to-peer lending Fintech based on a review of Islamic business ethics. The method used in this research is a normative juridical approach with a descriptive research approach. The data that has been obtained will be arranged systematically for further qualitative analysis. This study concludes that principles and business ethics must be considered with the concept of “The Five C’s Principle of Credit Analysis” in either conventional or sharia systems. In the case of customers who choose a sharia online loan system, they must also pay attention to the ethical aspects of financial business in Islam, which is something that must be considered considering that in Islam, ethical issues are related to the determination of economic policies that will affect the halalness of service and the agreement of the parties.Â

The Qur'an and hadith are the main sources of reference for determining the legal status in Islam. Both of these references are preserved their originality in written and memorized form. However, the process of memorizing the Qur’an becomes easier compared to the process of memorizing hadith because Allah S.W.T has made it easier for the Quran to be read, memorized and studied as compared to hadith. To know the authenticity of a hadith requires sanad, matan and narrator which musalsal to the Prophet S.A.W. Thus, memorizing a hadith is more complicated than memorizing the Qur'an. Therefore, to facilitate the memorization process requires a unique method that can help students remember and memorize the hadith. Among the methods used in the process of memorizing hadith is by using the method of naẓam. This study was conducted to identify the effectiveness of the method of naẓam in the process of memorizing and improving the memorization of hadith subjects among students of Ma'had Tahfiz by using qualitative methods. In this study, 10 hadiths of the Prophet related to the responsibility of children to parents, pillars of Islam, pilgrimage, prohibition of Allah in changing His creation, the importance of intention in ibadah, doubt in determining the number of rak'at in salah, love of the prophet, the provisions of slaughter, qurban, adab giving and answering salam were selected and studied on 20 form 4 students of Mahad Tahfiz Science and Technology Darul Ehsan Port Klang. The research instruments used were secondary data and Pre and Post Test. Secondary data and theories used show that the method of naẓam has been proven to improve hadith memorization by increasing the mean value of a positive test from 33.0 to 50.4.

ملخص لقد أقر الإسلام نظام التّوارث بين القرابة فقوى بهذا التّشريع أواصر اللّحمة بين الوارث والمورث، كما سن التّوارث بين الزّوجين ما دامت الزّوجية قائمة بينهما، وأعطى للمعتق حق ميراث عبده الذي أعتقه، وقد هدفت هذه الدّراسة إلى بيان وتحليل استحقاق الميراث بسبب رابطة الإسلام. والتي تنازع استحقاق الميراث بها الموالي للمؤلف قلبه بجهة الإسلام، وبيت المال بكونه جهة ممثلة لجماعة المسلمين. وتكمن مشكلة البحث فيمن له أولوية ميراث المؤلف قلبه أو من لا وارث له، إذا انعدمت الأسباب الأخرى للميراث. وقد اعتمدت هذه الدّراسة على المنهج الاستقرائي وذلك من خلال تتبّع آراء الفقهاء وأدلتهم في شروط استحقاق الولاء بالإسلام في هذا الوقت بذات، والنّظر في استحقاق بيت المال لميراث من لا وارث له من المسلمين، كما اعتمدت على المنهج التّحليلي المقارن في مناقشة آراء الفقهاء وأدلتهم وتحليلها، مع مقارنة هذه الأحكام بما يجري عليه العمل في دوائر الفتوى اليوم. وقد خلصت هذه الدّراسة إلى نتائج مهمة منها: أن بيت المال هو جهة حافظة لأموال المسلمين من الضّياع، وليس جهة وارثة، فإن عرف لهذه الأموال صاحب ردت إليه، وإن لم يعرف لها صاحب مالك وزعت في مصالح المسلمين. وأن جهة الولاء بالإسلام للأشخاص مقدمة على بيت المال شرعا، وأن من لا وارث له شرعا من المسلمين الجدد له أن يوصي بكل ماله لمن كان سببا في إسلامه سواء كان شخصا أو مؤسسة. Abstract Islam has approved the system of inheritance based on accepted scholars justification. In kinship, this legislation has strengthened the bonds between the heir and the bequeathed. Likewise, the inheritance between spouses as long as the marriage exists between them. And he gave the freedman the right to inherit from his slave who had freed him. This study aimed to clarify and analyze the entitlement to inheritance in Muslim new. The problem of the research lies in the one who has the priority of the inheritance in new Muslims, if there are no other justifications for inheritance. This study relied on the inductive approach, by following the opinions of the jurists and their evidence regarding the conditions for inheritance entitlement in Islam currently; and examining the entitlement of Bayt Al-Mal as the beneficiary of the new Muslims who have no heirs. It also relied on the comparative analytical method in discussing and analyzing the opinions and evidence of jurists; comparing these provisions with what is being done in the fatwa departments today. This study concluded important results, including: The Bayt Al-Mal is a custodian of Muslims' money from loss, and not an inheritor. If the owner of this money is known, it will be returned to him, and if the owner of the money is not known, it will be distributed in the interests of the Muslims. The person who guides the new Muslim should be given precedence of inheritance in the Syariah. While, a new Muslim who does not have a legal inheritance has the right to bequeath all his money to whoever was a reason for his conversion to Islam, whether he was a person or an institution.

The verses of inheritance are texts that hardly have a parallel in the provisions of Sharia in terms of clarity and decisiveness in determining the share for each inheritor. Disputes arise over the understanding of these texts where some of the companions’ jurists went on to activate the mechanism of ijtihad even though the text is clear. Their jurisprudence gave us new rulings that are not mentioned either in the Qurʾān or in the Sunnah. Meanwhile, other jurists adhered to the apparent meaning of the texts. This study aims to reveal the reasons for establishing ijtihad, although there exist definitive texts on the provisions of inheritance, and to explain the path that each companion took in weighting their doctrine. To achieve these goals, this study relied on descriptive and analytical approaches. This study found that adherence to the apparent meaning of the texts in the rulings of inheritance is a principle that must be adhered to. Aside from that, using ijtihad in the provisions of inheritance with the presence of peremptory text is possible. It is activated according to the methodology that gives the Islamic ruling new dimensions upon its implementation and does not include either cancellation or change.

This study aims to harmonization of halal in countries in ASEAN. This is done by stating several things, including: Analyzing halal practice standards in ASEAN countries, Aligning halal standards between ASEAN and developing AQRF on halal management. This study uses a qualitative method. The philosophical world view in this study is more attached to a pragmatic world view, this world view is based on applications and solutions to existing problems (Patton in Cresswell, 1990). From the point of view of research design, the researcher uses a case study design, the researcher develops an in-depth analysis of a case, program, event, activity, or process in one or more individuals. In the case study design approach, the researcher limits time and activities. Information collection is carried out by various data collection procedures. Data collection techniques used in this study are; 1. Interviews, 2. Content-relevant analysis of documents, 3. Round table. Based on the results that have been obtained that Indonesia has the ability to carry out production procedures that are guaranteed halal from each process. However, a thorough halal audit needs to be carried out consistently. This is supported by research conducted by Hudaefi & Jaswir (2019) that Indonesia with the largest Muslim population in Indonesia has become a leader in the world halal industry (Detik Finance, 2011; Republika, 2010; Safari, 2018; Satria, 2012).

The Ability to pronounce correct phoneme is one of the basic elements in learning Arabic. This research aimed to obtain data about Arabic pronunciation errors in students at junior high school. The research approach is qualitative. The sample of this study was 30 students of the Al-Mahmud IT Junior High School in Bima, Indonesia which were selected by using a simple random sample technique. The data of this research were the results of the students' audiovisual recordings when reciting Arabic text. Data analysis used the analysis model of Tarigan's, namely; data collection, identification, description, explanation, classification and evaluation. The results of this study The causes of phoneme errors are: environment, interference and performance. Classification of errors consist of omission, adding mad and Substitution. Evaluation and suggestion; there some ways to develop in learning Arabic phoneme are: continuous practice, listening to Arabic audio and videos.

Harta Sepencarian bermaksud harta yang diperolehi dalam masa perkahwinan seorang suami dengan isterinya hasil daripada sumber-sumber atau usaha mereka bersama. Dalam khazanah fiqh, jenis harta ini tidak dijelaskan oleh ulama. Dalam amalannya, status harta ini akan dituntut oleh salah seorang pasangan suami isteri ini selepas berlakunya perceraian, kematian, atau kerana suami yang berkahwin dengan dengan isteri kedua. Salah satu daripada mereka berhak ke atas separuh harta atau kurang daripada itu dari harta pasangannya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan status harta sepencarian menurut pandangan syarak dan amalannya dalam perundangan Islam di Malaysia. Dengan menggunakan kaedah kajian analisa dan perbandingan, penulis mengkaji status hukum harta ini dan menganalisis pelaksanaannya dalam masyarakat untuk mengetahui hubungannya dengan jenis-jenis harta lain dalam hukum syarak, seperti: Hibah, Nafkah, Maskahwin, wasiat, mut’ah dan juga harta warisan. Hasil kajian mandapati bahawa harta sepencarian satu amalan masyarakat melayu yang telah lama diamalkan. Ia diiktiraf oleh mahkamah Syariah di Malaysia berdasarkan dua dalil iatu uruf dan maslahah yang merupakan sumber hukum syarak yang berlandaskan Al-Quran dan As-Sunnah. Berpandukan itu, Islam dikenali sebagai agama yang memberikan perhatian ke atas hal-ehwal keluarga khasnya wanita dengan meletakkan mereka dalam kedudukan yang tinggi, menjaga maruah mereka, dan memelihara hak-hak seperti hak harta sepencarian ini. The matrimonial property (harta sepencarian) means the property acquired during the marriage of a husband and his wife as a result of their shared resources or efforts. There is no explanation about this kind of property in the classical fiqh studies. In practice, the property will be claimed by one of the spouses after the divorce, death, or the occurrence of second marriage. This article aims to study this type of property based on Islamic jurisprudence and law in Malaysia. Based on analytical and comparative methods, the researcher analyzes its legal status, implementation in society, and relationship between this kind of property and other types of properties in Islamic law, such as: hibah, nafkah, dowry, wasiat, mut'ah and even inheritance. Results of the study showed that harta sepencarian is a practice in Malay society since long time ago. It has been recognized by the Syariah court in Malaysia based on two sources of Islamic law ‘Uruf and Maslahah which referred to Qur’an and Sunnah. Guided by this, Islam is known as a religion that cares about family affairs especially women by placing them in high regard, maintaining their dignity, and preserving such rights as the right harta sepencarian.

Di Malaysia, masyarakat menjalani kehidupan dengan berpandukan kepada agama. Satu konsep amat diperlukan yang boleh melindungi umat beragama sama ada yang muslim mahupun bukan muslim dan juga boleh mengelak perbalahan yang mungkin berlaku pada sesuatu masa nanti. Konsep harmoni yang dinamik mempunyai ciri kebersamaan yang boleh diterima semua golongan masyarakat dalam kehidupan beragama melalui pendekatan maqasid syariah. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan menjelaskan konsep harmoni yang dinamik dalam kehidupan beragama. Juga mendedahkan kedudukan golongan bukan Islam yang menjalankan kehidupan di Malaysia. Selain itu, menjelaskan maqasid syariah dan peranannya dalam mewujudkan suasana masyarakat yang aman dan harmoni. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan rujukan yang bersifat deskriptif. Data yang diperoleh adalah bersumberkan data primer, iaitu kajian lapangan melalui observasi, jurnal, artikel dan laman web dan data sekunder, iaitu al-Quran dan hadith. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa konsep harmoni yang dinamik merupakan panduan kehidupan beragama dengan berdasarkan kepada maqasid syariah. In Malaysia, people live their lives by being religious. It is an indispensable concept that can protect religious ummah, either both Muslims and non-Muslims, and can also avoid possible disputes. The concept of dynamic harmony has the unifying feature of all groups of people in religious life through the shariah maqasid approach. Therefore, this study aims to explain the concept of dynamic harmony in religious life. It also reveals the position of non-Muslims who are living in Malaysia. In addition, it explains the sharia maqasid and its role in creating a peaceful and harmonious community. This study uses a research qualitative method with descriptive references. The data obtained is the source of primary data, namely field studies through observations, journals, articles and websites and secondary data, namely the Quran and hadith. The study found that the concept of dynamic harmony is a guide to religious life based on shariah maqasid

Perbezaan pemikiran, kefahaman dan interpretasi undang-undang serta kesan daripada perkahwinan di bawah umur membawa kepada perbahasan dalam kalangan masyarakat di Malaysia. Meskipun wujud had umur minimum yang diperuntukkan, namun undang-undang tersebut dilihat tidak relevan untuk diaplikasikan pada masa kini merujuk kepada implikasi perkahwinan di bawah umur yang lebih memberi kemudaratan kepada kanak-kanak terutamanya dari sudut kesihatan dan pendidikan. Jesteru itu, artikel ini akan membincangkan kedudukan perkahwinan kanak-kanak menurut perspektif Syariah dan perundangan di Malaysia. Artikel ini turut membincangkan kedudukan perkahwinan kanak-kanak di bawah Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan (SDGs) serta implikasi perkahwinan tersebut kepada diri kanak-kanak dari sudut hak kesihatan dan pendidikan. Metodologi kajian kualitatif iaitu kajian perpustakaan digunakan dengan menganalisis dokumen primer dan sekunder seperti kitab turath, Akta dan Enakmen Negeri-Negeri serta penulisan akademik di dalam jurnal. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa wujudnya peruntukan berkaitan perkahwinan kanak-kanak di bawah umur namun perincian secara jelas dan spesifik mengenai alasan dan faktor yang perlu diambil kira dalam memberikan kebenaran bagi perkahwinan tersebut tidak dinyatakan. Selain itu, artikel ini juga mendapati wujudnya implikasi negatif terhadap hak kesihatan dan hak pendidikan kanak-kanak hasil perkahwinan di bawah umur. Maka, artikel ini mencadangkan supaya pemurnian peruntukan sedia ada dan peningkatan kesedaran masyarakat tentang perkahwinan di bawah umur melalui pendidikan perlu di lakukan demi menjaga kemaslahatan kanak-kanak.

This study aims to analyze the basis of wages determination for workers in the perspective of positive law and Sharia. The Labor Act prohibits employers from paying wages below the minimum wage. The threat of criminal sanctions for small employers who cannot afford to pay and there is no sanction for large employers to pay wages to all workers without any differences in work tenure. This research is a normative juridical with statute approach. The results of this study showed that there were differences in parameters in the determination of workers' wages based on the Manpower Act, and sharia principles. The minimum wage parameter based on the Labor Law is the need for a decent living for single workers. While Sharia parameters are more flexible. Determination of wages based on agreement according to the conditions of the parties and provide benefits. In conclusion, the determination of wages based on sharia principles is closer to the sense of fairness for the parties. The recommendation is to revise the parameters for determining the minimum wageKeywords: benefit; minimum wage; sharia; fairness.

The study aimed at “Principles and Strategies of Water Security in Islamic Sharia Analytical Study in the Application Methodology” to present the philosophy of the basic principles of water security in Islamic Sharia according to data based on a Muslim fact, which is that water security is a solid foundation for food security for humanity, and in light of that, it requires a study of the principles The main and basic principles of water security in Islamic law, given that achieving the principles of water security in practice is the correct and sound strategy in the way of achieving food security, and accordingly, the research will address the issue by dividing the study into three main axes and a conclusion, and the first axis will include existential principles of water security in Islamic law, and in the second axis, the study will discuss the methodological principles of water security in Islamic law. In the third axis, the study will propose some strategic mechanisms that guarantee the achievement of water security in accordance with the legislative interests indicated by the Sharia texts. Consumption of water resources, development and development of water resources, and preservation from pollution, and water security in Islamic law has existential sources, represented in the importance of water security for food security and human partnership in water resources, and this is what makes it imperative for people as partners in water resources to be partners In achieving water security, which is the basis for achieving food security. And that the Islamic Sharia has made practical contributions to its application, represented in rationalizing the consumption of water resources, developing and preserving them from pollution in all its forms and types.

Economic thought is defined as research, theory and economic troubleshooting methods for ideas and efforts from Islamic scholars based on the benefits and syara’. The flourish of the Islamic economic thought discussion began since the early period of Prophet Muhammad SAW because one of the aspects in the al-Quran and al-Sunnah is about economy. With the expansion of Islamic civilization, the discussion regarding economy was flourish as well, especially with the emergence of the fiqh scholars and the sects of fiqh. Fiqh scholars were one of the people who played vital roles in expressing ideas based on naqli and aqli propositions, in addition of arranging discussions in regard to economics. Conservative scholars in the Malay Archipelago such as Syeikh Daud al-Fatani had also played the same role in the Malay World. Thus, this study aims at analyzing the economic thought regarding the concept of gharar in one of his work (the text of Sullam al-Mubtadi) using content analysis method. The focus of the research is on the Mua’wadah contract.

This study is an attempt to know the view of Rashid Rida through his book Al Manar about the concept of Islamic State. The Islamic State passed through a long and different stages from the Prophetic era, the four Caliphates, the two Dynasties Umayyad and Abbasid and the Ottoman Caliphate before its collapse. This long mix stages between strengths and weaknesses ended by the collapse of Ottoman Caliphate. Rashid Rida, tried hard to save in his capacity the Ottoman Caliphate but failed, he then indirectly describe it in many occasions with some descriptions which show that he was not satisfied with the State for some political and social reasons. The method upon which the study is based is inductive method. The researchers elaborated in the study the concept of Islamic state from Rashid Rida perspective from his Tafsir al- Manar. And among the findings of the study is that, as a scholar we should know that unity of the state is the solid ground of the implimentation of the rule of Allah, therefore it should always be the priority of the time. Key words: Islamic State, Ottoman Caliphate, judgement. الملخص تحاول الدراسة استنطاق السيد رشيد رضا من خلال تفسيره المنار لمعرفة فكره حول مفهوم الدولة الإسلامية، فالحكم بكتاب الله هو الصِّبغة التي تُزيِّل الدولة الإسلامية عن غيرها من الدُّوَل ، وقد مرَّت الدولة الإسلامية من عصر النبوة مارة بالخلافة الراشدة و الدولتين الأموية والعباسية والدولة العثمانية قبل سقوطها مراحل كثيرة مختلفة بين القوة والضعف، إلا أن أضعف تلك المراحل الطويلة كانت في عصر السيد رشيد رضا الذي حاول جاهداً انقاذها إلا أنه لم يوفق في ذلك، فكان يصف الدولة العثمانية حين كانت تتنفَّس آخر أنفاسها تلميحاً لا تصريحاً بأوصاف يُفهم منها أنّه لم يكن راض عنها لأسباب سياسية واجتماعية. وقد اعتمد الباحثون في دراستهم المنهج الاستقرائي في تحليل أفكار رشيد رضا حول مفهوم الدولة الاسلامية والفرق بينها وبين غيرها من الدول. ومن أهم النتائج التي خلصت إليها الدراسة هي أن على الداعي معرفة أولية في المواقف وتقديمها على غيرها، فالحكم بما أنزل الله مهم ولكن بفقدان أرضيتها التي هي وحدة الصف الداخلي، يؤجل تطبيقه لتوحيد الصف الداخلي. كلمات افتتاحية: الدولة الإسلامية، الدولة العثمانية، الحكم.

تستورد كثير من البلدان الإسلامية منتجات مختلفة من بلاد الكفار، وقد تصدر إليها دون استيراد، من هذه المنتجات: منتجات التجميل. وكثير من هذه المنتجات يدخل في تركيبها مواد نجسة أو ضارة -كما صرح بذلك كثير من الأطباء-، منقلبة إلى مواد أخرى، وهذا الانقلاب إما أن يكون كليا أو جزئيا. وحيث إن الاستحالة مطهرة على القول الراجح في الفقه الإسلامي، إلا أن هذا التطهير لا يكون على إطلاقه، بل هناك حدود وضوابط للاستحالة المطهرة. لذا أراد الباحث أن يبرز هذه الضوابط في هذه الدراسة. وسيكون المنهج المتبع في هذا البحث منهجا استقرائيا وتحليليا (استنباطيا)، يتمثلان في استقراء وتتبع أقوال الفقهاء في استحالة الأشياء النجسة، ثم تحليلها، واستنباط الضوابط الشرعية للاستحالة المطهرة في هذه المنتجات. وخلص البحث إلى أن ضوابط الاستحالة الشرعية في منتجات التجميل ما يأتي: أن تنقلب المواد النجسة المكونة لمنتجات التجميل إلى مواد أخرى مباينة لحقيقتها التي كانت عليها. أن تستحيل المواد النجسة المكونة لمنتجات التجميل استحالة تامة. أن لا تؤدي هذه المنتجات إلى ضرر للإنسان بعد استحالتها. وإذا لم تستحل النجاسة كليا في المنتجات، فيشترط ما يأتي: توفر حالة الضرورة أو الحاجة إليها. واشتراط غلبة الظن بمنفعتها عند استعمالها للضرورة أو الحاجة. كما لا يجوز استعمالها إلا على ظاهر البدن.

Islam as a comprehensive religion has put forth the idea regarding epistemology in its own framework. The discourse of sources of knowledge is a part of epistemology scope. Islam recognized four sources of knowledge consist of revelation, intuition/inspiration, rational and empirical method. The last (empirical method) relates closely to the scientific method which is a method of investigation in which a problem is first identified, and observations, experiments, or other relevant data are then used to construct or test hypotheses that purport to solve it. In Islamic law, circumstantial evidence is a kind of evidence which is applied and accepted in Islamic court proceeding despite some jurist did not strongly emphasize its reliability compare to confession and testimony of witnesses. This writing aims at putting forward the importance of circumstantial evidence in Islamic law through an epistemological perspective that has to do closely with the scientific method. This is the way how Islam appreciates and avails of the development of science and technology for enhancing justice as the main principle in Islamic law.

This article sheds light on the legal attitude of Muslim women who have been victims of marital rape. The research data came from an examination of twelve court decisions in Indonesia containing cases of marital rape, completed by interviews. After conducting research, it is safe to say that the attitude of Muslim women who choose to divorce their husbands is a form of independence for these women in order to prevent various forms of sexual violence in their lives. Muslim women who take criminal action by reporting their husbands to the police argue that it has a more significant impact on the perpetrators. This latter option is inextricably linked to advocacy from women's agencies, namely the National Commission on Women, the Office of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection (DP3A), and the Integrated Service for Women and Children (P2TPA).[Artikel ini mengulas sikap hukum perempuan muslim korban pemerkosaan dalam perkawinan. Data penelitian ini diambil dari analisis dua belas putusan pengadilan di Indonesia yang berisi kasus marital rape, dilengkapi dengan wawancara. Setelah melakukan penelitian, disimpulkan bahwa para perempuan muslim korban pemerkosaan dalam perkawinan yang memilih jalur perdata dengan menggugat cerai suaminya merupakan bentuk independensi perempuan tersebut untuk menghindari diri dari berbagai bentuk kekerasan seksual. Perempuan muslim korban pemerkosaan dalam perkawinan yang memilih jalur pidana (melaporkan suaminya ke polisi) berdalih memberikan dampak yang lebih signifikan kepada pelaku. Pilihan yang terakhir ini tidak terlepas dari adanya advokasi dari agensi perempuan, yakni: Komnas Perempuan, Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak (DP3A), dan Pusat Pelayanan Terpadu Perempuan dan Anak (P2TPA).]

Islam hadir untuk membimbing manusia supaya dapat memilih diantara perkara-perkara yang benar dan yang sia-sia, termasuk juga urusan halal dan haram berkaitan dengan makanan yang dimakan. Makanan adalah keperluan utama setiap manusia, namun apa-apa makanan yang perlu dimakan mestilah dalam keadaan selamat dan tidak mendatangkan mudarat kepada kesihatan. Dari aspek agama Islam, makanan yang aman adalah yang berasal dari bahan yang halal, caramemprosesnya yang baik, penyembelihan serta cara mendapatkannya juga perlu betul. Sebagai negara yang kebanyakan penduduknya beragama Islam, kerajaan Indonesia bertanggungjawab untuk mengekalkanproduk makanan halal. Ini dinyatakan dalam surat al-Maidah ayat 88,alMu'minunayat51,alBaqarahayat 172, 168 dan pelbagai hadis Nabi Muhammad SAW.Produkhalalmerupakanperkarapentingyang menjadi trend dan berkembang dalam keperluan pasaran kini. Ia memberi kesan dan mengubah simbol jaminankualitidanpilihangayahidup.MakalahinibertujuanuntukmenjelaskanbahawaIslamsangat mementingkan perkara berkaitan makanan yang halal dan baik (Halalan Thayyiban). Hasil kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa pengajaran agama Islam tidak pernah berbeda dengan teori perubatan mana pun. Allah SWT telah menerangkan kebaikan kerana mengambil makanan yang halal, dan keburukan kerana mengambil yang haram. Untuk mempastikan produk itu halal, perlu melibatkan kerajaan dalam memantau pengeluar makanan dan pengurus pasaran, supaya mereka menjalankan beberapa ujian halal serta mendapatkan sijil halal sebelum menjual sebarang produk. Di Indonesia, terdapat beberapa tahapan untuk mendapatkan sijil halal, diantaranya adalah dengan menyerahan permohonan kepada LPPOM-MUI, proses audit dokumen, kajian lokasi, kajian hasil audit dan keputusan hasil permohonan.

Adat Perpatih merupakan salah satu adat yang diamalkan oleh masyarakat di Malaysia khususnya sebahagian besar masyarakat di Negeri Sembilan dan sekolompok kecil masyarakat di Melaka. Adat Perpatih berasal dari Pagar Ruyung, Sumatera yang diasaskan oleh Datuk Perpatih Nan Sebatang yang menjaga kawasan tanah sebelah darat dan diamalkan di Negeri Sembilan dan Naning. Adat ini dibawa ke Negeri Sembilan oleh orang Minangkabau pada kurun ke-17. Namun begitu, masih terdapat kekeliruan yang berlaku di kalangan masyarakat berkenaan beberapa amalan adat Perpatih yang dianggap bercanggah dengan syarak. Di antara amalan yang menjadi isu perbualan hangat di kalangan masyarakat ialah isu pembahagian Tanah Adat di Negeri Sembilan atau di kalangan masyarakat yang mengamalkan Adat Perpatih. Amalan pembahagian ini dikatakan bercanggah dengan Islam kerana tidak mengikut kaedah yang telah ditetapkan oleh syarak menerusi kaedah Faraidh. Walaubagaimanapun, kajian yang dijalankan menunjukkan fakta kurang tepat seperti yang beredar di masyarakat dan ia perlu diperbetulkan. Kurangnya pengetahuan di kalangan masyarakat awam terhadap amalan adat ini telah menyebabkan anggapan bahawa amalan tersebut salah di sisi Syarak. Kajian dan penelitian secara terperinci perlu dijalankan sebelum menghukum sama ada sesuatu perkara itu dibenarkan ataupun sebaliknya. Justeru, artikel ini akan menganalisis dan meneliti secara mendalam berkenaan isu pewarisan tanah Adat dan kaitannya dengan konsep Al-‘adah Muhakkamah. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah kajian kepustakaan yang menganalisis data-data secara deskriptif. Selain itu metod perbandingan juga akan digunakan untuk membandingkan hujah-hujah yang dikemukakan oleh pihak-pihak yang menyelidik, mengkaji dan menulis dalam isu ini. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa amalan pewarisan tanah Adat ini bertepatan dengan konsep Al-‘adah Muhakkamah berdasarkan kepada analisis yang telah dibuat. Secara dasarnya, amalan tersebut tidak menunjukkan tanda-tanda bahawa ia salah di sisi Islam kerana tidak terdapat dalil (nas) atau bukti yang mengharamkannya.

Perkembangan perbincangan mengenai fiqh muamalah bermula sejak perutusan Nabi Muhammad s.a.w. kerana salah satu aspek yang terkandung dalam al-Quran dan al-Sunnah ialah mengenai aspek-aspek perekonomian dan muamalah. Dengan berkembangnya tamadun Islam maka perbincangan mengenainya turut berkembang, terutamanya dengan kemunculan ahli-ahli fiqh dan mazhab-mazhab fiqh. Ahli-ahli fiqh adalah antara golongan yang telah memainkan peranan penting dalam mengemukakan idea berdasarkan dalil-dalil naqli mahupun aqli dan menyusun perbincangan mengenai fiqh muamalah dan ekonomi (Muhammad Nejatullah Siddiqi (1981). Ulama-ulama tradisi di Nusantara juga seperti Syeikh Daud al-Fatani tidak ketinggalan dalam memainkan peranan tersebut di Alam Melayu. Salah satu bahagian yang utama dalam perbincangan fiqh muamalah adalah mengenai al-Bay’ (jual-beli) dan al-Ijarah (sewa-menyewa). Sehubungan dengan itu, isu berkaitan yang timbul adalah mengenai prinsip-prinsip Maqasid al-Syariah yang melatari perbincangan tersebut. Maka, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis prinsip-prinsip Maqasid al-Syariah yang terkandung dalam Rukun al-Bay’ dan al-Ijarah dengan tumpuan terhadap salah satu karya beliau iaitu kitab Sullam al-Mubtadi dengan menggunapakai kaedah ‘Content Analysis’.