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1. Tropical forest succession increases trtaxonomic and functional tree richness but decreases evenness

Author

van der Sande, Masha T., primary, Poorter, Lourens, additional, Derroire, Géraldine, additional, do Espirito Santo, Mario Marcos, additional, Lohbeck, Madelon, additional, Müller, Sandra C., additional, Bhaskar, Radika, additional, van Breugel, Michiel, additional, Dupuy‐Rada, Juan Manuel, additional, Durán, Sandra M., additional, Jakovac, Catarina C., additional, Paz, Horacio, additional, Rozendaal, Danaë M. A., additional, Brancalion, Pedro, additional, Craven, Dylan, additional, Mora Ardilla, Francisco, additional, Almeida, Jarcilene S., additional, Balvanera, Patricia, additional, Becknell, Justin, additional, Finegan, Bryan, additional, César, Ricardo Gomes, additional, Hernández‐Stefanoni, José Luis, additional, Kennard, Deborah, additional, Letcher, Susan G., additional, Marín‐Spiotta, Erika, additional, Muñoz, Rodrigo, additional, Reyes‐García, Casandra, additional, Sanaphre‐Villanueva, Lucía, additional, Utrera, Luis P., additional, Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson, additional, Álvarez, Francisco S., additional, Andrade, Jose Luis, additional, Arreola, Felipe, additional, Boukili, Vanessa, additional, Cabral, George A. L., additional, Chave, Jerome, additional, Chazdon, Robin, additional, Colletta, Gabriel, additional, das Dores Magalhães Veloso, Maria, additional, de Jong, Ben, additional, Lebrija‐Trejos, Edwin, additional, de Souza Moreno, Vanessa, additional, Dent, Daisy H., additional, DeWalt, Saara, additional, García, Elisa Díaz, additional, Ferreira Nunes, Yule Roberta, additional, Granda, Vanessa, additional, Hall, Jefferson, additional, Lobo, Rodney, additional, Lopez, Omar, additional, Martínez Ramos, Miguel, additional, Meave, Jorge A., additional, Ochoa‐Gaona, Susana, additional, Sampaio, Everardo V. S. B., additional, Sanchez‐Azofeifa, Arturo, additional, Teixeira, Heitor Mancini, additional, Toledo, Marisol, additional, Uriarte, Maria, additional, Wright, S. Joseph, additional, Zanini, Kátia, additional, and Bongers, Frans, additional

Published
2024
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2. Biodiversity recovery of Neotropical secondary forests.

Author

Rozendaal, Danaë MA, Bongers, Frans, Aide, T Mitchell, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Ascarrunz, Nataly, Balvanera, Patricia, Becknell, Justin M, Bentos, Tony V, Brancalion, Pedro HS, Cabral, George AL, Calvo-Rodriguez, Sofia, Chave, Jerome, César, Ricardo G, Chazdon, Robin L, Condit, Richard, Dallinga, Jorn S, de Almeida-Cortez, Jarcilene S, de Jong, Ben, de Oliveira, Alexandre, Denslow, Julie S, Dent, Daisy H, DeWalt, Saara J, Dupuy, Juan Manuel, Durán, Sandra M, Dutrieux, Loïc P, Espírito-Santo, Mario M, Fandino, María C, Fernandes, G Wilson, Finegan, Bryan, García, Hernando, Gonzalez, Noel, Moser, Vanessa Granda, Hall, Jefferson S, Hernández-Stefanoni, José Luis, Hubbell, Stephen, Jakovac, Catarina C, Hernández, Alma Johanna, Junqueira, André B, Kennard, Deborah, Larpin, Denis, Letcher, Susan G, Licona, Juan-Carlos, Lebrija-Trejos, Edwin, Marín-Spiotta, Erika, Martínez-Ramos, Miguel, Massoca, Paulo ES, Meave, Jorge A, Mesquita, Rita CG, Mora, Francisco, Müller, Sandra C, Muñoz, Rodrigo, de Oliveira Neto, Silvio Nolasco, Norden, Natalia, Nunes, Yule RF, Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Ortiz-Malavassi, Edgar, Ostertag, Rebecca, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Pérez-García, Eduardo A, Piotto, Daniel, Powers, Jennifer S, Aguilar-Cano, José, Rodriguez-Buritica, Susana, Rodríguez-Velázquez, Jorge, Romero-Romero, Marco Antonio, Ruíz, Jorge, Sanchez-Azofeifa, Arturo, de Almeida, Arlete Silva, Silver, Whendee L, Schwartz, Naomi B, Thomas, William Wayt, Toledo, Marisol, Uriarte, Maria, de Sá Sampaio, Everardo Valadares, van Breugel, Michiel, van der Wal, Hans, Martins, Sebastião Venâncio, Veloso, Maria DM, Vester, Hans FM, Vicentini, Alberto, Vieira, Ima CG, Villa, Pedro, Williamson, G Bruce, Zanini, Kátia J, Zimmerman, Jess, and Poorter, Lourens

Subjects
Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecosystem, Biodiversity, Tropical Climate, Geography, Forests
Abstract

Old-growth tropical forests harbor an immense diversity of tree species but are rapidly being cleared, while secondary forests that regrow on abandoned agricultural lands increase in extent. We assess how tree species richness and composition recover during secondary succession across gradients in environmental conditions and anthropogenic disturbance in an unprecedented multisite analysis for the Neotropics. Secondary forests recover remarkably fast in species richness but slowly in species composition. Secondary forests take a median time of five decades to recover the species richness of old-growth forest (80% recovery after 20 years) based on rarefaction analysis. Full recovery of species composition takes centuries (only 34% recovery after 20 years). A dual strategy that maintains both old-growth forests and species-rich secondary forests is therefore crucial for biodiversity conservation in human-modified tropical landscapes.

Published
2019

3. Tropical forest succession increases taxonomic and functional tree richness but decreases evenness

Author

van der Sande, Masha T., Poorter, Lourens, Derroire, Géraldine, do Espirito Santo, Mario Marcos, Lohbeck, Madelon, Müller, Sandra C., Bhaskar, Radika, Van Breugel, Michiel, Dupuy-Rada, Juan Manuel, Durán, Sandra M., Jakovac, Catarina C., Paz, Horacio, Rozendaal, Danaë M. A., Brancalion, Pedro H.S., Craven, Dylan, Mora Ardilla, Francisco, Almeida, Jarcilene, Balvanera, Patricia, Becknell, Justin M., Finegan, Bryan, Gomes César, Ricardo, Hernández-Stefanoni, José Luis, Kennard, Deborah K., Letcher, Susan G., Marin-Spiotta, Erika, Muñoz, Rodrigo, Reyes-García, Casandra, Sanaphre-Villanueva, Lucía, Utrera, Luis P., et al., van der Sande, Masha T., Poorter, Lourens, Derroire, Géraldine, do Espirito Santo, Mario Marcos, Lohbeck, Madelon, Müller, Sandra C., Bhaskar, Radika, Van Breugel, Michiel, Dupuy-Rada, Juan Manuel, Durán, Sandra M., Jakovac, Catarina C., Paz, Horacio, Rozendaal, Danaë M. A., Brancalion, Pedro H.S., Craven, Dylan, Mora Ardilla, Francisco, Almeida, Jarcilene, Balvanera, Patricia, Becknell, Justin M., Finegan, Bryan, Gomes César, Ricardo, Hernández-Stefanoni, José Luis, Kennard, Deborah K., Letcher, Susan G., Marin-Spiotta, Erika, Muñoz, Rodrigo, Reyes-García, Casandra, Sanaphre-Villanueva, Lucía, Utrera, Luis P., and et al.

Abstract

Aim: Successional changes in functional diversity provide insights into community assembly by indicating how species are filtered into local communities based on their traits. Here, we assess successional changes in taxonomic and functional richness, evenness and redundancy along gradients of climate, soil pH and forest cover. Location: Neotropics. Time period: Last 0–100 years. Major taxa studied: Trees. Methods: We used 22 forest chronosequence studies and 676 plots across the Neotropics to analyse successional changes in Hill's taxonomic and functional diversity of trees, and how these successional changes vary with continental-scale gradients in precipitation, soil pH and surrounding forest cover. Results: Taxonomic and functional richness and functional redundancy increased, while taxonomic and functional evenness decreased over time. Functional richness and evenness changed strongly when not accounting for taxonomic richness, but changed more weakly after statistically accounting for taxonomic richness, indicating that changes in functional diversity are largely driven by taxonomic richness. Nevertheless, the successional increases in functional richness when correcting for taxonomic richness may indicate that environmental heterogeneity and limiting similarity increase during succession. The taxonomically-independent successional decreases in functional evenness may indicate that stronger filtering and competition select for dominant species with similar trait values, while many rare species and traits are added to the community. Such filtering and competition may also lead to increased functional redundancy. The changes in taxonomically-independent functional diversity varied with resource availability and were stronger in harsh, resource-poor environments, but weak in benign, productive environments. Hence, in resource-poor environments, environmental filtering and facilitation are important, whereas in productive environments, weaker abiotic filtering allo

Published
2024

4. Tropical forest succession increases tree taxonomic and functional richness but decreases evenness

Author

van der Sande, Masha T., Poorter, Lourens, Derroire, Géraldine, do Espirito Santo, Mario Marcos, Lohbeck, Madelon, Müller, Sandra C., Bhaskar, Radika, van Breugel, Michiel, Dupuy-Rada, Juan Manuel, Durán, Sandra M., Jakovac, Catarina C., Paz, Horacio, Rozendaal, Danaë M.A., Brancalion, Pedro, Craven, Dylan, Mora Ardilla, Francisco, Almeida, Jarcilene S., Balvanera, Patricia, Becknell, Justin, Finegan, Bryan, César, Ricardo Gomes, Hernández-Stefanoni, José Luis, Kennard, Deborah, Letcher, Susan G., Marín-Spiotta, Erika, Muñoz, Rodrigo, Reyes-García, Casandra, Sanaphre-Villanueva, Lucía, Utrera, Luis P., Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson, Álvarez, Francisco S., Andrade, Jose Luis, Arreola, Felipe, Boukili, Vanessa, Cabral, George A.L., Chave, Jerome, Chazdon, Robin L., Colletta, Gabriel, das Dores Magalhães Veloso, Maria, de Jong, Ben, Lebrija-Trejos, Edwin, de Souza Moreno, Vanessa, Dent, Daisy H., DeWalt, Saara, García, Elisa Díaz, Ferreira Nunes, Yule Roberta, Granda, Vanessa, Hall, Jefferson, Lobo, Rodney, Lopez, Omar, Martínez Ramos, Miguel, Meave, Jorge A., Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Sampaio, Everardo V.S.B., Sanchez-Azofeifa, Arturo, Teixeira, Heitor Mancini, Toledo, Marisol, Uriarte, Maria, Wright, S.J., Zanini, Kátia, Bongers, Frans, van der Sande, Masha T., Poorter, Lourens, Derroire, Géraldine, do Espirito Santo, Mario Marcos, Lohbeck, Madelon, Müller, Sandra C., Bhaskar, Radika, van Breugel, Michiel, Dupuy-Rada, Juan Manuel, Durán, Sandra M., Jakovac, Catarina C., Paz, Horacio, Rozendaal, Danaë M.A., Brancalion, Pedro, Craven, Dylan, Mora Ardilla, Francisco, Almeida, Jarcilene S., Balvanera, Patricia, Becknell, Justin, Finegan, Bryan, César, Ricardo Gomes, Hernández-Stefanoni, José Luis, Kennard, Deborah, Letcher, Susan G., Marín-Spiotta, Erika, Muñoz, Rodrigo, Reyes-García, Casandra, Sanaphre-Villanueva, Lucía, Utrera, Luis P., Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson, Álvarez, Francisco S., Andrade, Jose Luis, Arreola, Felipe, Boukili, Vanessa, Cabral, George A.L., Chave, Jerome, Chazdon, Robin L., Colletta, Gabriel, das Dores Magalhães Veloso, Maria, de Jong, Ben, Lebrija-Trejos, Edwin, de Souza Moreno, Vanessa, Dent, Daisy H., DeWalt, Saara, García, Elisa Díaz, Ferreira Nunes, Yule Roberta, Granda, Vanessa, Hall, Jefferson, Lobo, Rodney, Lopez, Omar, Martínez Ramos, Miguel, Meave, Jorge A., Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Sampaio, Everardo V.S.B., Sanchez-Azofeifa, Arturo, Teixeira, Heitor Mancini, Toledo, Marisol, Uriarte, Maria, Wright, S.J., Zanini, Kátia, and Bongers, Frans

Abstract

Aim: Successional changes in functional diversity provide insights into community assembly by indicating how species are filtered into local communities based on their traits. Here, we assess successional changes in taxonomic and functional richness, evenness and redundancy along gradients of climate, soil pH and forest cover. Location: Neotropics. Time period: Last 0–100 years. Major taxa studied: Trees. Methods: We used 22 forest chronosequence studies and 676 plots across the Neotropics to analyse successional changes in Hill's taxonomic and functional diversity of trees, and how these successional changes vary with continental-scale gradients in precipitation, soil pH and surrounding forest cover. Results: Taxonomic and functional richness and functional redundancy increased, while taxonomic and functional evenness decreased over time. Functional richness and evenness changed strongly when not accounting for taxonomic richness, but changed more weakly after statistically accounting for taxonomic richness, indicating that changes in functional diversity are largely driven by taxonomic richness. Nevertheless, the successional increases in functional richness when correcting for taxonomic richness may indicate that environmental heterogeneity and limiting similarity increase during succession. The taxonomically-independent successional decreases in functional evenness may indicate that stronger filtering and competition select for dominant species with similar trait values, while many rare species and traits are added to the community. Such filtering and competition may also lead to increased functional redundancy. The changes in taxonomically-independent functional diversity varied with resource availability and were stronger in harsh, resource-poor environments, but weak in benign, productive environments. Hence, in resource-poor environments, environmental filtering and facilitation are important, whereas in productive environments, weaker abiotic filtering allo

Published
2024

5. Determinants of biogeographical distribution of grasses in grasslands of South America

Author

Streit, Helena, Bergamin, Rodrigo S., Andrade, Bianca O., Altesor, Alice, Lezama, Felipe, Perelman, Susana, Müller, Sandra C., Overbeck, Gerhard E., Streit, Helena, Bergamin, Rodrigo S., Andrade, Bianca O., Altesor, Alice, Lezama, Felipe, Perelman, Susana, Müller, Sandra C., and Overbeck, Gerhard E.

Abstract

Current distribution of C3 and C4 grasses is often explained by contrasting environmental conditions. Regions where C3 and C4 grasses coexist, as the Southeastern South America grasslands (SESA grasslands), provides an excellent opportunity to investigate the evolutionary imprints of grasses through clade distribution patterns. Here, we aimed to understand how ecological and evolutionary processes affect the phylogenetic diversity of grass communities along 666 sites located in a latitudinal gradient ranging from 26°S to 38°S in SESA grasslands (Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay). We applied generalized linear models (GLM) to understand the role of the different environmental and historical drivers that shape the proportion of C3 grasses distribution in SESA grasslands. The effect of latitude on phylogenetic beta-diversity patterns among the vegetation surveys was evaluated through principal coordinates of phylogenetic structure. Contribution of C3 species increased southwards (R² = 0.40, P<0.001). C3 species are more likely to occur in colder areas with higher historical temperature stability, reflecting lineages that have specialized and radiated in cold environments (GLM results: R² = 0.37, P<0.01). Climatically stable areas are the coldest, while unstable areas include warmer habitats, which enabled colonization by C4 species. Regarding soil conditions, C3 grasses are more likely to occur in more fertile soils and with low capacity to retain water (GLM results: pseudo-R² = 0.37, P<0.01). We found that phylogeny has an important role as a structuring agent of grass communities across our study region, indicating turnover of grass lineages along the latitudinal gradient. Grass species found at the northern portion of the gradient belong mostly to the clade which contain both C4 and C3 species. At the southern part of the gradient, communities are dominated by grasses belonging to a C3-exclusive clade. The distribution of grass clades across the SESA grasslan

Published
2024
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6. Wet and dry tropical forests show opposite successional pathways in wood density but converge over time

Author

Poorter, Lourens, Rozendaal, Danaë M. A., Bongers, Frans, de Almeida-Cortez, Jarcilene S., Almeyda Zambrano, Angélica María, Álvarez, Francisco S., Andrade, José Luís, Villa, Luis Felipe Arreola, Balvanera, Patricia, Becknell, Justin M., Bentos, Tony V., Bhaskar, Radika, Boukili, Vanessa, Brancalion, Pedro H. S., Broadbent, Eben N., César, Ricardo G., Chave, Jerome, Chazdon, Robin L., Colletta, Gabriel Dalla, Craven, Dylan, de Jong, Ben H. J., Denslow, Julie S., Dent, Daisy H., DeWalt, Saara J., García, Elisa Díaz, Dupuy, Juan Manuel, Durán, Sandra M., Espírito Santo, Mário M., Fandiño, María C., Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson, Finegan, Bryan, Moser, Vanessa Granda, Hall, Jefferson S., Hernández-Stefanoni, José Luis, Jakovac, Catarina C., Junqueira, André B., Kennard, Deborah, Lebrija-Trejos, Edwin, Letcher, Susan G., Lohbeck, Madelon, Lopez, Omar R., Marín-Spiotta, Erika, Martínez-Ramos, Miguel, Martins, Sebastião V., Massoca, Paulo E. S., Meave, Jorge A., Mesquita, Rita, Mora, Francisco, de Souza Moreno, Vanessa, Müller, Sandra C., Muñoz, Rodrigo, Muscarella, Robert, de Oliveira Neto, Silvio Nolasco, Nunes, Yule R. F., Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Paz, Horacio, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Piotto, Daniel, Ruíz, Jorge, Sanaphre-Villanueva, Lucía, Sanchez-Azofeifa, Arturo, Schwartz, Naomi B., Steininger, Marc K., Thomas, William Wayt, Toledo, Marisol, Uriarte, Maria, Utrera, Luis P., van Breugel, Michiel, van der Sande, Masha T., van der Wal, Hans, Veloso, Maria D. M., Vester, Hans F. M., Vieira, Ima C. G., Villa, Pedro Manuel, Williamson, G. Bruce, Wright, S. Joseph, Zanini, Kátia J., Zimmerman, Jess K., and Westoby, Mark

Published
2019
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7. Placing Brazil's grasslands and savannas on the map of science and conservation

Author

Overbeck, Gerhard Ernst, primary, Vélez-Martin, Eduardo, additional, Menezes, Luciana da Silva, additional, Anand, Madhur, additional, Baeza, Santiago, additional, Carlucci, Marcos B., additional, Dechoum, Michele S., additional, Durigan, Giselda, additional, Fidelis, Alessandra, additional, Guido, Anaclara, additional, Moro, Marcelo Freire, additional, Munhoz, Cássia Beatriz Rodrigues, additional, Reginato, Marcelo, additional, Rodrigues, Rodrigo Schütz, additional, Rosenfield, Milena Fermina, additional, Sampaio, Alexandre B., additional, Barbosa da Silva, Fernando Henrique, additional, Silveira, Fernando A.O., additional, Sosinski, Ênio Egon, additional, Staude, Ingmar R., additional, Temperton, Vicky M., additional, Turchetto, Caroline, additional, Veldman, Joseph W., additional, Viana, Pedro L., additional, Zappi, Daniela C., additional, and Müller, Sandra C., additional

Published
2022
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8. Strong floristic distinctiveness across Neotropical successional forests

Author

Jakovac, Catarina C., primary, Meave, Jorge A., additional, Bongers, Frans, additional, Letcher, Susan G., additional, Dupuy, Juan Manuel, additional, Piotto, Daniel, additional, Rozendaal, Danaë M. A., additional, Peña-Claros, Marielos, additional, Craven, Dylan, additional, Santos, Braulio A., additional, Siminski, Alexandre, additional, Fantini, Alfredo C., additional, Rodrigues, Alice C., additional, Hernández-Jaramillo, Alma, additional, Idárraga, Alvaro, additional, Junqueira, André B., additional, Zambrano, Angelica María Almeyda, additional, de Jong, Ben H. J., additional, Pinho, Bruno Ximenes, additional, Finegan, Bryan, additional, Castellano-Castro, Carolina, additional, Zambiazi, Daisy Christiane, additional, Dent, Daisy H., additional, García, Daniel Hernán, additional, Kennard, Deborah, additional, Delgado, Diego, additional, Broadbent, Eben N., additional, Ortiz-Malavassi, Edgar, additional, Pérez-García, Eduardo A., additional, Lebrija-Trejos, Edwin, additional, Berenguer, Erika, additional, Marín-Spiotta, Erika, additional, Alvarez-Davila, Esteban, additional, de Sá Sampaio, Everardo Valadares, additional, Melo, Felipe, additional, Elias, Fernando, additional, França, Filipe, additional, Oberleitner, Florian, additional, Mora, Francisco, additional, Williamson, G. Bruce, additional, Colletta, Gabriel Dalla, additional, Cabral, George A. L., additional, Derroire, Géraldine, additional, Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson, additional, van der Wal, Hans, additional, Teixeira, Heitor Mancini, additional, Vester, Henricus F. M., additional, García, Hernando, additional, Vieira, Ima C. G., additional, Jiménez-Montoya, Jaider, additional, de Almeida-Cortez, Jarcilene S., additional, Hall, Jefferson S., additional, Chave, Jerome, additional, Zimmerman, Jess K., additional, Nieto, Jhon Edison, additional, Ferreira, Joice, additional, Rodríguez-Velázquez, Jorge, additional, Ruíz, Jorge, additional, Barlow, Jos, additional, Aguilar-Cano, José, additional, Hernández-Stefanoni, José Luis, additional, Engel, Julien, additional, Becknell, Justin M., additional, Zanini, Kátia, additional, Lohbeck, Madelon, additional, Tabarelli, Marcelo, additional, Romero-Romero, Marco Antonio, additional, Uriarte, Maria, additional, Veloso, Maria D. M., additional, Espírito-Santo, Mário M., additional, van der Sande, Masha T., additional, van Breugel, Michiel, additional, Martínez-Ramos, Miguel, additional, Schwartz, Naomi B., additional, Norden, Natalia, additional, Pérez-Cárdenas, Nathalia, additional, González-Valdivia, Noel, additional, Petronelli, Pascal, additional, Balvanera, Patricia, additional, Massoca, Paulo, additional, Brancalion, Pedro H. S., additional, Villa, Pedro M., additional, Hietz, Peter, additional, Ostertag, Rebecca, additional, López-Camacho, René, additional, César, Ricardo G., additional, Mesquita, Rita, additional, Chazdon, Robin L., additional, Muñoz, Rodrigo, additional, DeWalt, Saara J., additional, Müller, Sandra C., additional, Durán, Sandra M., additional, Martins, Sebastião Venâncio, additional, Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, additional, Rodríguez-Buritica, Susana, additional, Aide, T. Mitchell, additional, Bentos, Tony Vizcarra, additional, de S. Moreno, Vanessa, additional, Granda, Vanessa, additional, Thomas, Wayt, additional, Silver, Whendee L., additional, Nunes, Yule R. F., additional, and Poorter, Lourens, additional

Published
2022
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9. Strong floristic distinctiveness across Neotropical successional forests

Author

Jakovac, Catarina C., Meave, Jorge A., Bongers, Frans, Letcher, Susan G., Dupuy, Juan Manuel, Piotto, Daniel, Rozendaal, Danaë M.A., Peña-Claros, Marielos, Craven, Dylan, Santos, Braulio A., Siminski, Alexandre, Fantini, Alfredo C., Rodrigues, Alice C., Hernández-Jaramillo, Alma, Idárraga, Alvaro, Junqueira, André B., Zambrano, Angelica María Almeyda, De Jong, Ben H.J., Pinho, Bruno Ximenes, Finegan, Bryan, Castellano-Castro, Carolina, Zambiazi, Daisy Christiane, Dent, Daisy H., García, Daniel Hernán, Kennard, Deborah, Delgado, Diego, Broadbent, Eben N., Ortiz-Malavassi, Edgar, Pérez-García, Eduardo A., Lebrija-Trejos, Edwin, Berenguer, Erika, Marín-Spiotta, Erika, Alvarez-Davila, Esteban, De Sá Sampaio, Everardo Valadares, Melo, Felipe, Elias, Fernando, França, Filipe, Oberleitner, Florian, Mora, Francisco, Williamson, Bruce, Dalla Colletta, Gabriel, Cabral, George A.L., Derroire, Géraldine, Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson, Van Der Wal, Hans, Teixeira, Heitor Mancini, Vester, Henricus F.M., García, Hernando, Vieira, Ima C.G., Jiménez-Montoya, Jaider, De Almeida-Cortez, Jarcilene S., Hall, Jefferson S., Chave, Jerome, Zimmerman, Jess K., Nieto, Jhon Edison, Ferreira, Joice, Rodríguez-Velázquez, Jorge, Ruíz, Jorge, Barlow, Jos, Aguilar-Cano, José, Hernández-Stefanoni, José Luis, Engel, Julien, Becknell, Justin M., Zanini, Kátia, Lohbeck, Madelon, Tabarelli, Marcelo, Romero-Romero, Marco Antonio, Uriarte, Maria, Veloso, Maria D.M., Espírito-Santo, Mário M., Van Der Sande, Masha T., Van Breugel, Michiel, Martínez-Ramos, Miguel, Schwartz, Naomi B., Norden, Natalia, Pérez-Cárdenas, Nathalia, González-Valdivia, Noel, Petronelli, Pascal, Balvanera, Patricia, Massoca, Paulo, Brancalion, Pedro H.S., Villa, Pedro M., Hietz, Peter, Ostertag, Rebecca, López-Camacho, René, César, Ricardo G., Mesquita, Rita, Chazdon, Robin L., Muñoz, Rodrigo, DeWalt, Saara J., Müller, Sandra C., Durán, Sandra M., Martins, Sebastião Venâncio, Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Rodríguez-Buritica, Susana, Aide, Mitchell, Bentos, Tony Vizcarra, Moreno, Vanessa De S., Granda, Vanessa, Thomas, Wayt, Silver, Whendee L., Nunes, Yule R.F., Poorter, Lourens, Jakovac, Catarina C., Meave, Jorge A., Bongers, Frans, Letcher, Susan G., Dupuy, Juan Manuel, Piotto, Daniel, Rozendaal, Danaë M.A., Peña-Claros, Marielos, Craven, Dylan, Santos, Braulio A., Siminski, Alexandre, Fantini, Alfredo C., Rodrigues, Alice C., Hernández-Jaramillo, Alma, Idárraga, Alvaro, Junqueira, André B., Zambrano, Angelica María Almeyda, De Jong, Ben H.J., Pinho, Bruno Ximenes, Finegan, Bryan, Castellano-Castro, Carolina, Zambiazi, Daisy Christiane, Dent, Daisy H., García, Daniel Hernán, Kennard, Deborah, Delgado, Diego, Broadbent, Eben N., Ortiz-Malavassi, Edgar, Pérez-García, Eduardo A., Lebrija-Trejos, Edwin, Berenguer, Erika, Marín-Spiotta, Erika, Alvarez-Davila, Esteban, De Sá Sampaio, Everardo Valadares, Melo, Felipe, Elias, Fernando, França, Filipe, Oberleitner, Florian, Mora, Francisco, Williamson, Bruce, Dalla Colletta, Gabriel, Cabral, George A.L., Derroire, Géraldine, Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson, Van Der Wal, Hans, Teixeira, Heitor Mancini, Vester, Henricus F.M., García, Hernando, Vieira, Ima C.G., Jiménez-Montoya, Jaider, De Almeida-Cortez, Jarcilene S., Hall, Jefferson S., Chave, Jerome, Zimmerman, Jess K., Nieto, Jhon Edison, Ferreira, Joice, Rodríguez-Velázquez, Jorge, Ruíz, Jorge, Barlow, Jos, Aguilar-Cano, José, Hernández-Stefanoni, José Luis, Engel, Julien, Becknell, Justin M., Zanini, Kátia, Lohbeck, Madelon, Tabarelli, Marcelo, Romero-Romero, Marco Antonio, Uriarte, Maria, Veloso, Maria D.M., Espírito-Santo, Mário M., Van Der Sande, Masha T., Van Breugel, Michiel, Martínez-Ramos, Miguel, Schwartz, Naomi B., Norden, Natalia, Pérez-Cárdenas, Nathalia, González-Valdivia, Noel, Petronelli, Pascal, Balvanera, Patricia, Massoca, Paulo, Brancalion, Pedro H.S., Villa, Pedro M., Hietz, Peter, Ostertag, Rebecca, López-Camacho, René, César, Ricardo G., Mesquita, Rita, Chazdon, Robin L., Muñoz, Rodrigo, DeWalt, Saara J., Müller, Sandra C., Durán, Sandra M., Martins, Sebastião Venâncio, Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Rodríguez-Buritica, Susana, Aide, Mitchell, Bentos, Tony Vizcarra, Moreno, Vanessa De S., Granda, Vanessa, Thomas, Wayt, Silver, Whendee L., Nunes, Yule R.F., and Poorter, Lourens

Abstract

Forests that regrow naturally on abandoned fields are important for restoring biodiversity and ecosystem services, but can they also preserve the distinct regional tree floras? Using the floristic composition of 1215 early successional forests (≤20 years) in 75 human-modified landscapes across the Neotropic realm, we identified 14 distinct floristic groups, with a between-group dissimilarity of 0.97. Floristic groups were associated with location, bioregions, soil pH, temperature seasonality, and water availability. Hence, there is large continental-scale variation in the species composition of early successional forests, which is mainly associated with biogeographic and environmental factors but not with human disturbance indicators. This floristic distinctiveness is partially driven by regionally restricted species belonging to widespread genera. Early secondary forests contribute therefore to restoring and conserving the distinctiveness of bioregions across the Neotropical realm, and forest restoration initiatives should use local species to assure that these distinct floras are maintained.

Published
2022

11. Multidimensional tropical forest recovery

Author

Poorter, Lourens, primary, Craven, Dylan, additional, Jakovac, Catarina C., additional, van der Sande, Masha T., additional, Amissah, Lucy, additional, Bongers, Frans, additional, Chazdon, Robin L., additional, Farrior, Caroline E., additional, Kambach, Stephan, additional, Meave, Jorge A., additional, Muñoz, Rodrigo, additional, Norden, Natalia, additional, Rüger, Nadja, additional, van Breugel, Michiel, additional, Almeyda Zambrano, Angélica María, additional, Amani, Bienvenu, additional, Andrade, José Luis, additional, Brancalion, Pedro H. S., additional, Broadbent, Eben N., additional, de Foresta, Hubert, additional, Dent, Daisy H., additional, Derroire, Géraldine, additional, DeWalt, Saara J., additional, Dupuy, Juan M., additional, Durán, Sandra M., additional, Fantini, Alfredo C., additional, Finegan, Bryan, additional, Hernández-Jaramillo, Alma, additional, Hernández-Stefanoni, José Luis, additional, Hietz, Peter, additional, Junqueira, André B., additional, N’dja, Justin Kassi, additional, Letcher, Susan G., additional, Lohbeck, Madelon, additional, López-Camacho, René, additional, Martínez-Ramos, Miguel, additional, Melo, Felipe P. L., additional, Mora, Francisco, additional, Müller, Sandra C., additional, N’Guessan, Anny E., additional, Oberleitner, Florian, additional, Ortiz-Malavassi, Edgar, additional, Pérez-García, Eduardo A., additional, Pinho, Bruno X., additional, Piotto, Daniel, additional, Powers, Jennifer S., additional, Rodríguez-Buriticá, Susana, additional, Rozendaal, Danaë M. A., additional, Ruíz, Jorge, additional, Tabarelli, Marcelo, additional, Teixeira, Heitor Mancini, additional, Valadares de Sá Barretto Sampaio, Everardo, additional, van der Wal, Hans, additional, Villa, Pedro M., additional, Fernandes, Geraldo W., additional, Santos, Braulio A., additional, Aguilar-Cano, José, additional, de Almeida-Cortez, Jarcilene S., additional, Alvarez-Davila, Esteban, additional, Arreola-Villa, Felipe, additional, Balvanera, Patricia, additional, Becknell, Justin M., additional, Cabral, George A. L., additional, Castellanos-Castro, Carolina, additional, de Jong, Ben H. J., additional, Nieto, Jhon Edison, additional, Espírito-Santo, Mário M., additional, Fandino, Maria C., additional, García, Hernando, additional, García-Villalobos, Daniel, additional, Hall, Jefferson S., additional, Idárraga, Alvaro, additional, Jiménez-Montoya, Jaider, additional, Kennard, Deborah, additional, Marín-Spiotta, Erika, additional, Mesquita, Rita, additional, Nunes, Yule R. F., additional, Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, additional, Peña-Claros, Marielos, additional, Pérez-Cárdenas, Nathalia, additional, Rodríguez-Velázquez, Jorge, additional, Villanueva, Lucía Sanaphre, additional, Schwartz, Naomi B., additional, Steininger, Marc K., additional, Veloso, Maria D. M., additional, Vester, Henricus F. M., additional, Vieira, Ima C. G., additional, Williamson, G. Bruce, additional, Zanini, Kátia, additional, and Hérault, Bruno, additional

Published
2021
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12. Functional recovery of secondary tropical forests

Author

Poorter, Lourens, primary, Rozendaal, Danaë M. A., additional, Bongers, Frans, additional, Almeida, de Jarcilene S., additional, Álvarez, Francisco S., additional, Andrade, José Luís, additional, Arreola Villa, Luis Felipe, additional, Becknell, Justin M., additional, Bhaskar, Radika, additional, Boukili, Vanessa, additional, Brancalion, Pedro H. S., additional, César, Ricardo G., additional, Chave, Jerome, additional, Chazdon, Robin L., additional, Dalla Colletta, Gabriel, additional, Craven, Dylan, additional, de Jong, Ben H. J., additional, Denslow, Julie S., additional, Dent, Daisy H., additional, DeWalt, Saara J., additional, Díaz García, Elisa, additional, Dupuy, Juan Manuel, additional, Durán, Sandra M., additional, Espírito Santo, Mário M., additional, Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson, additional, Finegan, Bryan, additional, Granda Moser, Vanessa, additional, Hall, Jefferson S., additional, Hernández-Stefanoni, José Luis, additional, Jakovac, Catarina C., additional, Kennard, Deborah, additional, Lebrija-Trejos, Edwin, additional, Letcher, Susan G., additional, Lohbeck, Madelon, additional, Lopez, Omar R., additional, Marín-Spiotta, Erika, additional, Martínez-Ramos, Miguel, additional, Meave, Jorge A., additional, Mora, Francisco, additional, de Souza Moreno, Vanessa, additional, Müller, Sandra C., additional, Muñoz, Rodrigo, additional, Muscarella, Robert, additional, Nunes, Yule R. F., additional, Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, additional, Oliveira, Rafael S., additional, Paz, Horacio, additional, Sanchez-Azofeifa, Arturo, additional, Sanaphre-Villanueva, Lucía, additional, Toledo, Marisol, additional, Uriarte, Maria, additional, Utrera, Luis P., additional, van Breugel, Michiel, additional, van der Sande, Masha T., additional, Veloso, Maria D. M., additional, Wright, S. Joseph, additional, Zanini, Kátia J., additional, Zimmerman, Jess K., additional, and Westoby, Mark, additional

Published
2021
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13. Functional biogeography of Neotropical moist forests : Trait–climate relationships and assembly patterns of tree communities

Author

Pinho, Bruno X., Tabarelli, Marcelo, Braak, Cajo J.F., ter, Wright, S.J., Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Benchimol, Maíra, Engelbrecht, Bettina M.J., Pierce, Simon, Hietz, Peter, Santos, Bráulio A., Peres, Carlos A., Müller, Sandra C., Wright, Ian J., Bongers, Frans, Lohbeck, Madelon, Niinemets, Ülo, Slot, Martijn, Jansen, Steven, Jamelli, Davi, Lima, Renato A.F., de, Swenson, Nathan, Condit, Richard, Barlow, Jos, Slik, Ferry, Hernández-Ruedas, Manuel A., Mendes, Gabriel, Martínez-Ramos, Miguel, Pitman, Nigel, Kraft, Nathan, Garwood, Nancy, Guevara Andino, Juan Ernesto, Faria, Deborah, Chacón-Madrigal, Eduardo, Mariano-Neto, Eduardo, Júnior, Valdecir, Kattge, Jens, Melo, Felipe P.L., Pinho, Bruno X., Tabarelli, Marcelo, Braak, Cajo J.F., ter, Wright, S.J., Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Benchimol, Maíra, Engelbrecht, Bettina M.J., Pierce, Simon, Hietz, Peter, Santos, Bráulio A., Peres, Carlos A., Müller, Sandra C., Wright, Ian J., Bongers, Frans, Lohbeck, Madelon, Niinemets, Ülo, Slot, Martijn, Jansen, Steven, Jamelli, Davi, Lima, Renato A.F., de, Swenson, Nathan, Condit, Richard, Barlow, Jos, Slik, Ferry, Hernández-Ruedas, Manuel A., Mendes, Gabriel, Martínez-Ramos, Miguel, Pitman, Nigel, Kraft, Nathan, Garwood, Nancy, Guevara Andino, Juan Ernesto, Faria, Deborah, Chacón-Madrigal, Eduardo, Mariano-Neto, Eduardo, Júnior, Valdecir, Kattge, Jens, and Melo, Felipe P.L.

Abstract

Aim: Here we examine the functional profile of regional tree species pools across the latitudinal distribution of Neotropical moist forests, and test trait–climate relationships among local communities. We expected opportunistic strategies (acquisitive traits, small seeds) to be overrepresented in species pools further from the equator, but also in terms of abundance in local communities in currently wetter, warmer and more seasonal climates. Location: Neotropics. Time period: Recent. Major taxa studied: Trees. Methods: We obtained abundance data from 471 plots across nine Neotropical regions, including c. 100,000 trees of 3,417 species, in addition to six functional traits. We compared occurrence-based trait distributions among regional species pools, and evaluated single trait–climate relationships across local communities using community abundance-weighted means (CWMs). Multivariate trait–climate relationships were assessed by a double-constrained correspondence analysis that tests both how CWMs relate to climate and how species distributions, parameterized by niche centroids in climate space, relate to their traits. Results: Regional species pools were undistinguished in functional terms, but opportunistic strategies dominated local communities further from the equator, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. Climate explained up to 57% of the variation in CWM traits, with increasing prevalence of lower-statured, light-wooded and softer-leaved species bearing smaller seeds in more seasonal, wetter and warmer climates. Species distributions were significantly but weakly related to functional traits. Main conclusions: Neotropical moist forest regions share similar sets of functional strategies, from which local assembly processes, driven by current climatic conditions, select for species with different functional strategies. We can thus expect functional responses to climate change driven by changes in relative abundances of species already present regionally.

Published
2021

14. Functional recovery of secondary tropical forests

Author

Poorter, Lourens, Rozendaal, Danaë M. A., Bongers, Frans, Almeida, de Jarcilene S., Álvarez, Francisco S., Andrade, José Luís, Arreola Villa, Luis Felipe, Becknell, Justin M., Bhaskar, Radika, Boukili, Vanessa, Brancalion, Pedro H. S., César, Ricardo G., Chave, Jerome, Chazdon, Robin L., Dalla Colletta, Gabriel, Craven, Dylan, de Jong, Ben H. J., Denslow, Julie S., Dent, Daisy H., DeWalt, Saara J., Díaz García, Elisa, Dupuy, Juan Manuel, Durán, Sandra M., Espírito Santo, Mário M., Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson, Finegan, Bryan, Granda Moser, Vanessa, Hall, Jefferson S., Hernández-Stefanoni, José Luis, Jakovac, Catarina C., Kennard, Deborah, Lebrija-Trejos, Edwin, Letcher, Susan G., Lohbeck, Madelon, Lopez, Omar R., Marín-Spiotta, Erika, Martínez-Ramos, Miguel, Meave, Jorge A., Mora, Francisco, de Souza Moreno, Vanessa, Müller, Sandra C., Muñoz, Rodrigo, Muscarella, Robert, Nunes, Yule R. F., Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Oliveira, Rafael S., Paz, Horacio, Sanchez-Azofeifa, Arturo, Sanaphre-Villanueva, Lucía, Toledo, Marisol, Poorter, Lourens, Rozendaal, Danaë M. A., Bongers, Frans, Almeida, de Jarcilene S., Álvarez, Francisco S., Andrade, José Luís, Arreola Villa, Luis Felipe, Becknell, Justin M., Bhaskar, Radika, Boukili, Vanessa, Brancalion, Pedro H. S., César, Ricardo G., Chave, Jerome, Chazdon, Robin L., Dalla Colletta, Gabriel, Craven, Dylan, de Jong, Ben H. J., Denslow, Julie S., Dent, Daisy H., DeWalt, Saara J., Díaz García, Elisa, Dupuy, Juan Manuel, Durán, Sandra M., Espírito Santo, Mário M., Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson, Finegan, Bryan, Granda Moser, Vanessa, Hall, Jefferson S., Hernández-Stefanoni, José Luis, Jakovac, Catarina C., Kennard, Deborah, Lebrija-Trejos, Edwin, Letcher, Susan G., Lohbeck, Madelon, Lopez, Omar R., Marín-Spiotta, Erika, Martínez-Ramos, Miguel, Meave, Jorge A., Mora, Francisco, de Souza Moreno, Vanessa, Müller, Sandra C., Muñoz, Rodrigo, Muscarella, Robert, Nunes, Yule R. F., Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Oliveira, Rafael S., Paz, Horacio, Sanchez-Azofeifa, Arturo, Sanaphre-Villanueva, Lucía, and Toledo, Marisol

Abstract

One-third of all Neotropical forests are secondary forests that regrow naturally after agricultural use through secondary succession. We need to understand better how and why succession varies across environmental gradients and broad geographic scales. Here, we analyze functional recovery using community data on seven plant characteristics (traits) of 1,016 forest plots from 30 chronosequence sites across the Neotropics. By analyzing communities in terms of their traits, we enhance understanding of the mechanisms of succession, assess ecosystem recovery, and use these insights to propose successful forest restoration strategies. Wet and dry forests diverged markedly for several traits that increase growth rate in wet forests but come at the expense of reduced drought tolerance, delay, or avoidance, which is important in seasonally dry forests. Dry and wet forests showed different successional pathways for several traits. In dry forests, species turnover is driven by drought tolerance traits that are important early in succession and in wet forests by shade tolerance traits that are important later in succession. In both forests, deciduous and compound-leaved trees decreased with forest age, probably because microclimatic conditions became less hot and dry. Our results suggest that climatic water availability drives functional recovery by influencing the start and trajectory of succession, resulting in a convergence of community trait values with forest age when vegetation cover builds up. Within plots, the range in functional trait values increased with age. Based on the observed successional trait changes, we indicate the consequences for carbon and nutrient cycling and propose an ecologically sound strategy to improve forest restoration success.

Published
2021
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15. Multidimensional tropical forest recovery

Author

Poorter, Lourens, Craven, Dylan, Jakovac, Catarina C., van der Sande, Masha T., Amissah, Lucy, Bongers, Frans, Chazdon, Robin L., Farrior, Caroline E., Kambach, Stephan, Meave, Jorge A., Muñoz, Rodrigo, Norden, Natalia, Rüger, Nadja, van Breugel, Michiel, Zambrano, Angélica María Almeyda, Amani, Bienvenu, Andrade, José Luis, Brancalion, Pedro H.S., Broadbent, Eben N., de Foresta, Hubert, Dent, Daisy H., Derroire, Géraldine, DeWalt, Saara J., Dupuy, Juan M., Durán, Sandra M., Fantini, Alfredo C., Finegan, Bryan, Hernández-Jaramillo, Alma, Hernández-Stefanoni, José Luis, Hietz, Peter, Junqueira, André B., N’dja, Justin Kassi, Letcher, Susan G., Lohbeck, Madelon, López-Camacho, René, Martínez-Ramos, Miguel, Melo, Felipe P.L., Mora, Francisco, Müller, Sandra C., N’Guessan, Anny E., Oberleitner, Florian, Ortiz-Malavassi, Edgar, Pérez-García, Eduardo A., Pinho, Bruno X., Piotto, Daniel, Powers, Jennifer S., Rodríguez-Buriticá, Susana, Rozendaal, Danaë M.A., Ruíz, Jorge, Tabarelli, Marcelo, Teixeira, Heitor Mancini, de Sá Barretto Sampaio, Everardo Valadares, van der Wal, Hans, Villa, Pedro M., Fernandes, Geraldo W., Santos, Braulio A., Aguilar-Cano, José, de Almeida-Cortez, Jarcilene S., Alvarez-Davila, Esteban, Arreola-Villa, Felipe, Balvanera, Patricia, Becknell, Justin M., Cabral, George A.L., Castellanos-Castro, Carolina, de Jong, Ben H.J., Nieto, Jhon Edison, Espírito-Santo, Mário M., Fandino, Maria C., García, Hernando, García-Villalobos, Daniel, Hall, Jefferson S., Idárraga, Alvaro, Jiménez-Montoya, Jaider, Kennard, Deborah, Marín-Spiotta, Erika, Mesquita, Rita, Nunes, Yule R.F., Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Pérez-Cárdenas, Nathalia, Rodríguez-Velázquez, Jorge, Villanueva, Lucía Sanaphre, Schwartz, Naomi B., Steininger, Marc K., Veloso, Maria D.M., Vester, Henricus F.M., Vieira, Ima C.G., Williamson, Bruce, Zanini, Kátia, Hérault, Bruno, Poorter, Lourens, Craven, Dylan, Jakovac, Catarina C., van der Sande, Masha T., Amissah, Lucy, Bongers, Frans, Chazdon, Robin L., Farrior, Caroline E., Kambach, Stephan, Meave, Jorge A., Muñoz, Rodrigo, Norden, Natalia, Rüger, Nadja, van Breugel, Michiel, Zambrano, Angélica María Almeyda, Amani, Bienvenu, Andrade, José Luis, Brancalion, Pedro H.S., Broadbent, Eben N., de Foresta, Hubert, Dent, Daisy H., Derroire, Géraldine, DeWalt, Saara J., Dupuy, Juan M., Durán, Sandra M., Fantini, Alfredo C., Finegan, Bryan, Hernández-Jaramillo, Alma, Hernández-Stefanoni, José Luis, Hietz, Peter, Junqueira, André B., N’dja, Justin Kassi, Letcher, Susan G., Lohbeck, Madelon, López-Camacho, René, Martínez-Ramos, Miguel, Melo, Felipe P.L., Mora, Francisco, Müller, Sandra C., N’Guessan, Anny E., Oberleitner, Florian, Ortiz-Malavassi, Edgar, Pérez-García, Eduardo A., Pinho, Bruno X., Piotto, Daniel, Powers, Jennifer S., Rodríguez-Buriticá, Susana, Rozendaal, Danaë M.A., Ruíz, Jorge, Tabarelli, Marcelo, Teixeira, Heitor Mancini, de Sá Barretto Sampaio, Everardo Valadares, van der Wal, Hans, Villa, Pedro M., Fernandes, Geraldo W., Santos, Braulio A., Aguilar-Cano, José, de Almeida-Cortez, Jarcilene S., Alvarez-Davila, Esteban, Arreola-Villa, Felipe, Balvanera, Patricia, Becknell, Justin M., Cabral, George A.L., Castellanos-Castro, Carolina, de Jong, Ben H.J., Nieto, Jhon Edison, Espírito-Santo, Mário M., Fandino, Maria C., García, Hernando, García-Villalobos, Daniel, Hall, Jefferson S., Idárraga, Alvaro, Jiménez-Montoya, Jaider, Kennard, Deborah, Marín-Spiotta, Erika, Mesquita, Rita, Nunes, Yule R.F., Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Pérez-Cárdenas, Nathalia, Rodríguez-Velázquez, Jorge, Villanueva, Lucía Sanaphre, Schwartz, Naomi B., Steininger, Marc K., Veloso, Maria D.M., Vester, Henricus F.M., Vieira, Ima C.G., Williamson, Bruce, Zanini, Kátia, and Hérault, Bruno

Abstract

Tropical forests disappear rapidly because of deforestation, yet they have the potential to regrow naturally on abandoned lands. We analyze how 12 forest attributes recover during secondary succession and how their recovery is interrelated using 77 sites across the tropics. Tropical forests are highly resilient to low-intensity land use; after 20 years, forest attributes attain 78% (33 to 100%) of their old-growth values. Recovery to 90% of old-growth values is fastest for soil (<1 decade) and plant functioning (<2.5 decades), intermediate for structure and species diversity (2.5 to 6 decades), and slowest for biomass and species composition (>12 decades). Network analysis shows three independent clusters of attribute recovery, related to structure, species diversity, and species composition. Secondary forests should be embraced as a low-cost, natural solution for ecosystem restoration, climate change mitigation, and biodiversity conservation.

Published
2021

16. Functional biogeography of Neotropical moist forests: Trait–climate relationships and assembly patterns of tree communities

Author

Pinho, Bruno X., primary, Tabarelli, Marcelo, additional, Braak, Cajo J. F., additional, Wright, S. Joseph, additional, Arroyo‐Rodríguez, Víctor, additional, Benchimol, Maíra, additional, Engelbrecht, Bettina M. J., additional, Pierce, Simon, additional, Hietz, Peter, additional, Santos, Bráulio A., additional, Peres, Carlos A., additional, Müller, Sandra C., additional, Wright, Ian J., additional, Bongers, Frans, additional, Lohbeck, Madelon, additional, Niinemets, Ülo, additional, Slot, Martijn, additional, Jansen, Steven, additional, Jamelli, Davi, additional, Lima, Renato A. F., additional, Swenson, Nathan, additional, Condit, Richard, additional, Barlow, Jos, additional, Slik, Ferry, additional, Hernández‐Ruedas, Manuel A., additional, Mendes, Gabriel, additional, Martínez‐Ramos, Miguel, additional, Pitman, Nigel, additional, Kraft, Nathan, additional, Garwood, Nancy, additional, Guevara Andino, Juan Ernesto, additional, Faria, Deborah, additional, Chacón‐Madrigal, Eduardo, additional, Mariano‐Neto, Eduardo, additional, Júnior, Valdecir, additional, Kattge, Jens, additional, and Melo, Felipe P. L., additional

Published
2021
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22. Biodiversity recovery of Neotropical secondary forests

Author

Rozendaal, Danaë M.A., Bongers, Frans, Aide, T.M., Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Ascarrunz, Nataly, Balvanera, Patricia, Becknell, Justin M., Bentos, Tony V., Brancalion, Pedro H.S., Cabral, George A.L., Calvo-Rodriguez, Sofia, Chave, Jerome, César, Ricardo G., Chazdon, Robin L., Condit, Richard, Dallinga, Jorn S., De Almeida-Cortez, Jarcilene S., de Jong, Ben, De Oliveira, Alexandre, Denslow, Julie S., Dent, Daisy H., Dewalt, Saara J., Dupuy, Juan Manuel, Durán, Sandra M., Dutrieux, Loïc P., Espírito-Santo, Mario M., Fandino, María C., Fernandes, G.W., Finegan, Bryan, García, Hernando, Gonzalez, Noel, Moser, Vanessa Granda, Hall, Jefferson S., Hernández-Stefanoni, José Luis, Hubbell, Stephen, Jakovac, Catarina C., Hernández, Alma Johanna, Junqueira, André B., Kennard, Deborah, Larpin, Denis, Letcher, Susan G., Licona, Juan-Carlos, Lebrija-trejos, Edwin, Marín-Spiotta, Erika, Martínez-Ramos, Miguel, Massoca, Paulo E.S., Meave, Jorge A., Mesquita, Rita C.G., Mora, Francisco, Müller, Sandra C., Muñoz, Rodrigo, De Oliveira Neto, Silvio Nolasco, Norden, Natalia, Nunes, Yule R.F., Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Ortiz-Malavassi, Edgar, Ostertag, Rebecca, Peña-Caros, Marielos, Pérez-García, Eduardo A., Piotto, Daniel, Powers, Jennifer S., Aguilar-Cano, José, Rodriguez-Buritica, Susana, Rodríguez-Velázquez, Jorge, Romero-Romero, Marco Antonio, Ruíz, Jorge, Sanchez-Azofeifa, Arturo, De Almeida, Arlete Silva, Silver, Whendee L., Schwartz, Naomi B., Thomas, William Wayt, Toledo, Marisol, Uriarte, Maria, De Sá Sampaio, Everardo Valadares, van Breugel, Michiel, van der Wal, Hans, Martins, Sebastião Venâncio, Veloso, Maria D.M., Vester, Hans F.M., Vicentini, Alberto, Vieira, Ima C.G., Villa, Pedro, Williamson, G.B., Zanini, Kátia J., Zimmerman, Jess, Poorter, Lourens, Rozendaal, Danaë M.A., Bongers, Frans, Aide, T.M., Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Ascarrunz, Nataly, Balvanera, Patricia, Becknell, Justin M., Bentos, Tony V., Brancalion, Pedro H.S., Cabral, George A.L., Calvo-Rodriguez, Sofia, Chave, Jerome, César, Ricardo G., Chazdon, Robin L., Condit, Richard, Dallinga, Jorn S., De Almeida-Cortez, Jarcilene S., de Jong, Ben, De Oliveira, Alexandre, Denslow, Julie S., Dent, Daisy H., Dewalt, Saara J., Dupuy, Juan Manuel, Durán, Sandra M., Dutrieux, Loïc P., Espírito-Santo, Mario M., Fandino, María C., Fernandes, G.W., Finegan, Bryan, García, Hernando, Gonzalez, Noel, Moser, Vanessa Granda, Hall, Jefferson S., Hernández-Stefanoni, José Luis, Hubbell, Stephen, Jakovac, Catarina C., Hernández, Alma Johanna, Junqueira, André B., Kennard, Deborah, Larpin, Denis, Letcher, Susan G., Licona, Juan-Carlos, Lebrija-trejos, Edwin, Marín-Spiotta, Erika, Martínez-Ramos, Miguel, Massoca, Paulo E.S., Meave, Jorge A., Mesquita, Rita C.G., Mora, Francisco, Müller, Sandra C., Muñoz, Rodrigo, De Oliveira Neto, Silvio Nolasco, Norden, Natalia, Nunes, Yule R.F., Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Ortiz-Malavassi, Edgar, Ostertag, Rebecca, Peña-Caros, Marielos, Pérez-García, Eduardo A., Piotto, Daniel, Powers, Jennifer S., Aguilar-Cano, José, Rodriguez-Buritica, Susana, Rodríguez-Velázquez, Jorge, Romero-Romero, Marco Antonio, Ruíz, Jorge, Sanchez-Azofeifa, Arturo, De Almeida, Arlete Silva, Silver, Whendee L., Schwartz, Naomi B., Thomas, William Wayt, Toledo, Marisol, Uriarte, Maria, De Sá Sampaio, Everardo Valadares, van Breugel, Michiel, van der Wal, Hans, Martins, Sebastião Venâncio, Veloso, Maria D.M., Vester, Hans F.M., Vicentini, Alberto, Vieira, Ima C.G., Villa, Pedro, Williamson, G.B., Zanini, Kátia J., Zimmerman, Jess, and Poorter, Lourens

Abstract

Old-growth tropical forests harbor an immense diversity of tree species but are rapidly being cleared, while secondary forests that regrow on abandoned agricultural lands increase in extent. We assess how tree species richness and composition recover during secondary succession across gradients in environmental conditions and anthropogenic disturbance in an unprecedented multisite analysis for the Neotropics. Secondary forests recover remarkably fast in species richness but slowly in species composition. Secondary forests take a median time of five decades to recover the species richness of old-growth forest (80% recovery after 20 years) based on rarefaction analysis. Full recovery of species composition takes centuries (only 34% recovery after 20 years). A dual strategy that maintains both old-growth forests and species-rich secondary forests is therefore crucial for biodiversity conservation in human-modified tropical landscapes.

Published
2019

23. Wet and dry tropical forests show opposite successional pathways in wood density but converge over time

Author

Poorter, L., Rozendaal, Danaë, Bongers, F., Almeida-Cortez, Jarcilene S., Almeyda Zambrano, Angélica María, Álvarez, Francisco S., Andrade, José Luís, Villa, Luis Felipe Arreola, Balvanera, Patricia, Becknell, Justin M., Bentos, Tony V., Bhaskar, Radika, Boukili, Vanessa, Brancalion, Pedro H.S., Broadbent, Eben N., César, Ricardo Gomes, Chave, Jerome, Chazdon, Robin L., Colletta, Gabriel Dalla, Craven, Dylan, de Jong, Ben H.J., Denslow, Julie S., Dent, Daisy H., DeWalt, Saara J., García, Elisa Díaz, Dupuy, Juan M., Durán, Sandra M., Espírito Santo, Mário Marcos, Fandiño, María C., Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson, Finegan, Bryan, Moser, Vanessa Granda, Hall, Jefferson S., Hernández-Stefanoni, José Luis, Jakovac, A.C., Junqueira, André B., Kennard, Deborah, Lebrija-Trejos, Edwin, Letcher, Susan G., Lohbeck, M.W.M., Lopez, Omar R., Marín-Spiotta, Erika, Martínez-Ramos, Miguel, Martins, Sebastião Venâncio, Massoca, Paulo E.S., Meave, Jorge A., Mesquita, Rita, Mora, Francisco, De Souza Moreno, Vanessa, Müller, Sandra C., Muñoz, Rodrigo, Muscarella, Robert, De Oliveira Neto, Silvio Nolasco, Nunes, Yule Roberta Ferreira, Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Paz, Horacio, Pena Claros, M., Piotto, Daniel, Ruíz, Jorge, Sanaphre-Villanueva, Lucía, Sanchez-Azofeifa, Arturo, Schwartz, Naomi B., Steininger, Marc K., Thomas, William Wayt, Toledo, Marisol, Uriarte, Maria, van Breugel, Michiel, van der Wal, Hans, Poorter, L., Rozendaal, Danaë, Bongers, F., Almeida-Cortez, Jarcilene S., Almeyda Zambrano, Angélica María, Álvarez, Francisco S., Andrade, José Luís, Villa, Luis Felipe Arreola, Balvanera, Patricia, Becknell, Justin M., Bentos, Tony V., Bhaskar, Radika, Boukili, Vanessa, Brancalion, Pedro H.S., Broadbent, Eben N., César, Ricardo Gomes, Chave, Jerome, Chazdon, Robin L., Colletta, Gabriel Dalla, Craven, Dylan, de Jong, Ben H.J., Denslow, Julie S., Dent, Daisy H., DeWalt, Saara J., García, Elisa Díaz, Dupuy, Juan M., Durán, Sandra M., Espírito Santo, Mário Marcos, Fandiño, María C., Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson, Finegan, Bryan, Moser, Vanessa Granda, Hall, Jefferson S., Hernández-Stefanoni, José Luis, Jakovac, A.C., Junqueira, André B., Kennard, Deborah, Lebrija-Trejos, Edwin, Letcher, Susan G., Lohbeck, M.W.M., Lopez, Omar R., Marín-Spiotta, Erika, Martínez-Ramos, Miguel, Martins, Sebastião Venâncio, Massoca, Paulo E.S., Meave, Jorge A., Mesquita, Rita, Mora, Francisco, De Souza Moreno, Vanessa, Müller, Sandra C., Muñoz, Rodrigo, Muscarella, Robert, De Oliveira Neto, Silvio Nolasco, Nunes, Yule Roberta Ferreira, Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Paz, Horacio, Pena Claros, M., Piotto, Daniel, Ruíz, Jorge, Sanaphre-Villanueva, Lucía, Sanchez-Azofeifa, Arturo, Schwartz, Naomi B., Steininger, Marc K., Thomas, William Wayt, Toledo, Marisol, Uriarte, Maria, van Breugel, Michiel, and van der Wal, Hans

Abstract

We analyse how community wood density (WD) recovers during secondary tropical forest succession. In wet forests succession proceeds from low to high WD, in dry forests from high to low WD, resulting in convergence of community WD of dry and wet forests over time, as vegetation cover builds up.

Published
2019

27. Elevational shifts in phylogenetic diversity of angiosperm trees across the subtropical Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

Author

Bergamin, Rodrigo S., Seger, Guilherme D. S., Carlucci, Marcos B., Molz, Martin, Mello, Ricardo S. P., Martins, Rafael, Jarenkow, João A., Brack, Paulo, Müller, Sandra C., and Duarte, Leandro D. S.

Subjects
BROMELIACEAE, PLANT diversity, ALTITUDES, ANGIOSPERMS, PLANT species, TREES, FOREST biodiversity, SPECIES diversity
Abstract

Elevation gradients are drivers of species diversity, and, recently, studies have considered the evolutionary process in shaping community assembly patterns. Patterns of plant species richness across elevational gradients have been studied in different parts of the Atlantic Forest; however, little is known about plant phylogenetic diversity patterns. Thus, we aimed to analyse the phylogenetic diversity of angiosperm trees along an elevation gradient in southern Brazilian Plateau, in the subtropical portion of the Atlantic Forest. We expected a decrease in phylogenetic diversity along the elevation gradient, from lowlands towards to highlands, where species may be evolutionary closely related as many tropical lineages are not capable to inhabit colder conditions. We also investigated the distribution of phylogenetic clades along the elevation gradient through principal coordinates of phylogenetic structure. Data were obtained from 28 phytosociological surveys distributed across different elevation levels, ranging from 40 to 975 m. We found a negative association between phylogenetic diversity and the elevation gradient. The representativeness of families Myrtaceae and Lauraceae increased with elevation, while most of the families decreased in species richness and are replaced by temperate families such as Winteraceae (Drimys) in higher elevations. The decrease in phylogenetic diversity with increasing elevation may be linked to niche conservatism of tropical lineages that retain their historical climatic niches and thus many species are not capable to inhabit colder environments. Most tropical clades are restricted to lower elevations; however, Myrtaceae and Lauraceae probably evolved tolerance to colder temperatures during glacial cycles. Furthermore, the probably long‐term climate stability in lowlands than highland areas may have promoted the co‐occurrence of distantly related species, resulting in higher phylogenetic diversity. Finally, we observed how historical imprints and current environmental conditions shape the phylogenetic diversity of angiosperm tree species in subtropical Atlantic Forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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29. Assembly patterns and functional diversity of tree species in a successional gradient of Araucaria forest in Southern Brazil

Author

Vicente-Silva, José, Bergamin, Rodrigo S., Zanini, Kátia J., Pillar, Valério D., and Müller, Sandra C.

Abstract

Functional analysis of secondary succession may allow identifying and predicting processes of community assembly, which can be simultaneously driven by factors related to ecological filters and neutral forces. This study evaluated trait-convergence assembly patterns and trait-divergence assembly patterns in successional areas of Araucaria forest. Plant species were sampled in both the upper and lower strata and were described by 15 functional traits. Data analyses were based on multiplication and Procrustes adjustment of matrices, which permit to discriminate trait-convergence assembly patterns and trait-divergence assembly patterns along the forest succession (our environmental variable), and the influence of phylogeny on these patterns. Initial and late forests were highly different in species composition, but the regenerating stratum was already more similar especially in functional terms. Traits related to the acquisitive-conservative trade-off (wood density, leaf nitrogen content, leaf area, leaf dry matter content) revealed strong convergent patterns of successional changes. Moreover divergence was maximized by specific leaf area, seed mass, deciduousness, and dispersal mode, showing a higher functional diversity in late Araucaria forests.

Published
2024
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30. Integrating ecosystem functions into restoration ecology-recent advances and future directions

Author

Kollmann, Johannes, primary, Meyer, Sebastian T., additional, Bateman, Rolf, additional, Conradi, Timo, additional, Gossner, Martin M., additional, de Souza Mendonça, Milton, additional, Fernandes, Geraldo W., additional, Hermann, Julia-Maria, additional, Koch, Christiane, additional, Müller, Sandra C., additional, Oki, Yumi, additional, Overbeck, Gerhard E., additional, Paterno, Gustavo B., additional, Rosenfield, Milena F., additional, Toma, Tiago S. P., additional, and Weisser, Wolfgang W., additional

Published
2016
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34. Conservation in Brazil needs to include non-forest ecosystems

Author

Overbeck, Gerhard E., primary, Vélez-Martin, Eduardo, additional, Scarano, Fabio R., additional, Lewinsohn, Thomas M., additional, Fonseca, Carlos R., additional, Meyer, Sebastian T., additional, Müller, Sandra C., additional, Ceotto, Paula, additional, Dadalt, Letícia, additional, Durigan, Giselda, additional, Ganade, Gislene, additional, Gossner, Martin M., additional, Guadagnin, Demetrio L., additional, Lorenzen, Katrin, additional, Jacobi, Claudia M., additional, Weisser, Wolfgang W., additional, and Pillar, Valério D., additional

Published
2015
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36. Worldwide evidence of a unimodal relationship between productivity and plant species richness

Author

Fraser, Lauchlan H., primary, Pither, Jason, additional, Jentsch, Anke, additional, Sternberg, Marcelo, additional, Zobel, Martin, additional, Askarizadeh, Diana, additional, Bartha, Sandor, additional, Beierkuhnlein, Carl, additional, Bennett, Jonathan A., additional, Bittel, Alex, additional, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, additional, Boldrini, Ilsi I., additional, Bork, Edward, additional, Brown, Leslie, additional, Cabido, Marcelo, additional, Cahill, James, additional, Carlyle, Cameron N., additional, Campetella, Giandiego, additional, Chelli, Stefano, additional, Cohen, Ofer, additional, Csergo, Anna-Maria, additional, Díaz, Sandra, additional, Enrico, Lucas, additional, Ensing, David, additional, Fidelis, Alessandra, additional, Fridley, Jason D., additional, Foster, Bryan, additional, Garris, Heath, additional, Goheen, Jacob R., additional, Henry, Hugh A. L., additional, Hohn, Maria, additional, Jouri, Mohammad Hassan, additional, Klironomos, John, additional, Koorem, Kadri, additional, Lawrence-Lodge, Rachael, additional, Long, Ruijun, additional, Manning, Pete, additional, Mitchell, Randall, additional, Moora, Mari, additional, Müller, Sandra C., additional, Nabinger, Carlos, additional, Naseri, Kamal, additional, Overbeck, Gerhard E., additional, Palmer, Todd M., additional, Parsons, Sheena, additional, Pesek, Mari, additional, Pillar, Valério D., additional, Pringle, Robert M., additional, Roccaforte, Kathy, additional, Schmidt, Amanda, additional, Shang, Zhanhuan, additional, Stahlmann, Reinhold, additional, Stotz, Gisela C., additional, Sugiyama, Shu-ichi, additional, Szentes, Szilárd, additional, Thompson, Don, additional, Tungalag, Radnaakhand, additional, Undrakhbold, Sainbileg, additional, van Rooyen, Margaretha, additional, Wellstein, Camilla, additional, Wilson, J. Bastow, additional, and Zupo, Talita, additional

Published
2015
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40. Restoration Ecology in Brazil Time to Step Out of the Forest

Author

Overbeck, Gerhard E., primary, Hermann, Julia-Maria, additional, Andrade, Bianca O., additional, Boldrini, Ilsi I., additional, Kiehl, Kathrin, additional, Kirmer, Anita, additional, Koch, Christiane, additional, Kollmann, Johannes, additional, Meyer, Sebastian T., additional, Müller, Sandra C., additional, Nabinger, Carlos, additional, Pilger, Gabriele E., additional, Trindade, José Pedro P., additional, Vélez-Martin, Eduardo, additional, Walker, Emer A., additional, Zimmermann, Deonir G., additional, and Pillar, Valério D., additional

Published
2013
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43. Taxonomic and functional diversity of woody plant communities on opposing slopes of inselbergs in southern Brazil.

Author

Carlucci, Marcos B., Bastazini, Vinicius A.G., Hofmann, Gabriel S., de Macedo, Josielma H., Iob, Graziela, Duarte, Leandro D.S., Hartz, Sandra M., and Müller, Sandra C.

Subjects
WOODY plants, EFFECT of solar radiation on plants, INSELBERGS, SPECIES diversity, SLOPES (Physical geography)
Abstract

Background:Inselbergs are known to influence vegetation patterns worldwide. In extra-tropical areas, opposing slopes of inselbergs have different exposures to solar radiation; for example, in southern South America, north-facing slopes are more exposed to solar radiation than south-facing slopes, both in terms of angle and period of incidence. Aims:We aim to verify whether species diversity and composition and trait convergence and divergence in woody plant communities are associated with differences in the relative solar radiation intercepted by opposing slopes of inselbergs. Methods:We estimated the relative solar radiation intercepted by opposing slopes of seven inselbergs in southern Brazilian Pampa, applying hill shading estimation (HSE) to a digital elevation model. We recorded woody individuals with a diameter at breast height ≥5 cm in 13 plots placed on north- and south-facing slopes. We tested for the association of species diversity and composition and trait convergence and divergence with HSE. Results:Variation in species diversity and composition was associated with HSE. Less exposed slopes were taxonomically more diverse than more exposed slopes. Convergence and divergence of leaf traits were associated with slope exposure. Conclusions:The low-diversity communities on more exposed slopes likely resulted from filtering by environmental variables associated with slope exposure. The higher diversity of tree communities on less exposed slopes might be attributed to diversification of strategies for resource capture and capacity of supporting more niches due to potentially higher water availability. These findings advanced our understanding of the role of slope exposure for plant community assembly in the extra-tropical South America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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46. Short-term changes caused by fire and mowing in Brazilian Campos grasslands with different long-term fire histories.

Author

Fidelis, Alessandra, Blanco, Carolina C., Müller, Sandra C., Pillar, Valério D., Pfadenhauer, Jörg, and Wildi, Otto

Abstract

Questions What are the main short-term changes in vegetation structure after fire and mowing in Campos grasslands? Are there differences in functional vegetation group responses between sites with diverse fire histories and different treatments (fire and mowing)? Location Subtropical grasslands in Porto Alegre, Brazil, 30 °03′ S, 51 °07′ W. Methods In two sites with different fire histories: FB - frequently burned grasslands and E - exclusion of fire for 6 yr, seven pairs of plots were examined. In each pair, fire and mowing treatments were established. Bare soil and litter cover were estimated. Vegetation relevés were conducted, plants identified, their cover estimated and stems counted (except for graminoids). Later, plants were grouped according to their functional group (graminoids, forbs and shrubs) for statistical analyses. Observations were conducted 30, 90 and 360 d after treatments. Results Burned plots always showed a higher percentage of bare soil, whilst mowed plots had higher litter cover. Fire enhanced graminoid and forb cover, but did not affect shrubs. Species turnover was very high, mainly in burned plots in site FB and in mowed plots in site E. Species diversity in burned plots was the same in sites FB and E 1 yr after treatments, contrary to our hypothesis. However, in mowed plots, the number of species tended to decrease 1 yr after treatments for both sites FB and E. Conclusions The most important short-term effect was the removal of litter and consequent opening of gaps, mostly by fire. This stimulated vegetation regeneration and provided microsites for the establishment of new species. However, fire did not enhance plant diversity, as we had hypothesized. Moreover, the disturbance history of sites should be considered, since vegetation in these sites responded differently to fire and mowing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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47. Comparison between grassland communities with and without disturbances.

Author

Baldissera, Ronei, Fritz, Leila, Rauber, Rita, and Müller, Sandra C.

Subjects
GRASSLANDS, GRASSES, PLANTS, GRAZING, FORAGE plants, PHYSIOGNOMY, ECOSYSTEM health, ECOLOGY
Abstract

Copyright of Neotropical Biology & Conservation is the property of Pensoft Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2010
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48. Brazil's neglected biome: The South Brazilian Campos

Author

Overbeck, Gerhard E., Müller, Sandra C., Fidelis, Alessandra, Pfadenhauer, Jörg, Pillar, Valério D., Blanco, Carolina C., Boldrini, Ilsi I., Both, Rogerio, and Forneck, Eduardo D.

Subjects
*PLANT species, *BIODIVERSITY, *BIOLOGY, *BIOCOMPLEXITY
Abstract

Abstract: The South Brazilian grasslands occupy some 13.7 million ha and support very high levels of biodiversity. This paper reviews the current state of ecological knowledge on South Brazilian Campos and of threats and challenges associated with their conservation. The principal factors shaping grassland physiognomy and diversity are discussed, and information is presented on diversity of plant species; best estimates suggest that 3000–4000 phanerophytes occur in the South Brazilian grasslands. It is argued that, despite their high species richness, Campos vegetation is not adequately protected under current conservation policies. In the past three decades, approximately 25% of the grassland area has been lost due to land use changes, and this trend continues. However, representation of Campos grasslands in conservation units is extremely low (less than 0.5%), and the management in most of these is inadequate to preserve the grasslands, as grazing and fire are important factors for their persistence. In conclusion, the following urgent needs are identified: (1) to create more conservation units in different regions, including different grassland types throughout southern Brazil, (2) to develop proper management strategies where grasslands are subject to shrub encroachment and forest expansion, (3) to conduct research on biodiversity and ecological processes in the Campos region and (4) to raise public awareness of the value and vulnerability of this vegetation type. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2007
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49. Plant ecology. Worldwide evidence of a unimodal relationship between productivity and plant species richness.

Author

Fraser LH, Pither J, Jentsch A, Sternberg M, Zobel M, Askarizadeh D, Bartha S, Beierkuhnlein C, Bennett JA, Bittel A, Boldgiv B, Boldrini II, Bork E, Brown L, Cabido M, Cahill J, Carlyle CN, Campetella G, Chelli S, Cohen O, Csergo AM, Díaz S, Enrico L, Ensing D, Fidelis A, Fridley JD, Foster B, Garris H, Goheen JR, Henry HA, Hohn M, Jouri MH, Klironomos J, Koorem K, Lawrence-Lodge R, Long R, Manning P, Mitchell R, Moora M, Müller SC, Nabinger C, Naseri K, Overbeck GE, Palmer TM, Parsons S, Pesek M, Pillar VD, Pringle RM, Roccaforte K, Schmidt A, Shang Z, Stahlmann R, Stotz GC, Sugiyama S, Szentes S, Thompson D, Tungalag R, Undrakhbold S, van Rooyen M, Wellstein C, Wilson JB, and Zupo T

Subjects
Biomass, Stress, Physiological, Biodiversity, Grassland, Plant Development
Abstract

The search for predictions of species diversity across environmental gradients has challenged ecologists for decades. The humped-back model (HBM) suggests that plant diversity peaks at intermediate productivity; at low productivity few species can tolerate the environmental stresses, and at high productivity a few highly competitive species dominate. Over time the HBM has become increasingly controversial, and recent studies claim to have refuted it. Here, by using data from coordinated surveys conducted throughout grasslands worldwide and comprising a wide range of site productivities, we provide evidence in support of the HBM pattern at both global and regional extents. The relationships described here provide a foundation for further research into the local, landscape, and historical factors that maintain biodiversity., (Copyright © 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science.)

Published
2015
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