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Purpose: To further evaluate the efficacy and safety of computed tomography (CT)-guided iodine 125 (125I) brachytherapy to treat locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after progression of concurrent radiochemotherapy (CCRT). Methods: This study obtained written consent from all patients and was approved by our institution. From January 2006 to June 2018, 210 NSCLC patients (progression of first-line CCRT) were retrospectively recruited and then divided into two groups. A total of 116 patients were given CT-guided 125I brachytherapy and second-line chemotherapy (group A), and 94 were treated with second-line chemotherapy alone (group B). Results: In group A, local response rate (LRR) within 3 years was significantly better (P< 0.05). Mean survival time [progression-free survival time (PFST) and overall survival (OS)] was 15.1± 1.4 months and 21.2± 1.6 months in group A compared with 10.0± 1.4 months and 16.2± 1.7 months in group B (PFST: P< 0.01, HR=1.472, 95% CI 1.097– 1.975; OS: P = 0.036, HR=1.342, 95% CI 1.005– 1.791). Tumor size and No. of first cycle chemotherapy were independent factors that affected survival, ≤ 3cm largest tumor diameter and more than 4 first cycles of chemotherapy showed longer PFST and OS (P< 0.05). Tumor-related clinical symptoms were relieved in group A (P< 0.01). No serious complications occurred in the two groups. Conclusion: 125I brachytherapy is effective and safe in locally advanced NSCLC after progression of CCRT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new ruthenium(II) complexes, [Ru(bpy)2(DClPIP)](ClO4)2 (1) and [Ru(phen)2(DClPIP)](ClO4)2 (2) (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, and DClPIP = 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1, 10]phenanthroline), have been prepared in high yield by using microwave-assisted synthesis technology. The anticancer activity of the two ruthenium(II) complexes against A549, C6, CNE-1 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines has been evaluated by MTT assay and results showed that 2 exhibited higher antitumor activity than 1 toward all the selected tumor cell lines. Besides, A549 cell line was sensitive to both ruthenium(II) complexes, especially to 2 (IC50 = 8.01 ± 0.36 μM). Meanwhile, 2 showed low toxicity against MCF-10A human normal cells. Furthermore, the DNA-binding properties of the two new ruthenium(II) complexes with CT-DNA have been investigated by electronic absorption titration, luminescence spectra, circular dichroism spectra and viscosity measurements. The results suggested that 1 and 2 were able to interact with CT-DNA via intercalative mode with a strong binding affinity in the order 2 > 1. All of these results suggested that anticancer activity of both ruthenium(II) complexes could be closely related to their interaction with DNA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic outcome of percutaneous computed tomography (CT)-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for extrahepatic oligometastases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods:Institutional review board approval was obtained for this retrospective study, and all patients provided written informed consent. Between April 2004 and December 2015, 116 oligometastases (diameter, 5–50 mm; 20.3 ± 10.4) in 79 consecutive HCC patients (73 men and 6 women; average age, 50.3 years ±13.0) were treated with RFA. We focussed on patients with 1–3 extrahepatic metastases (EHM) confined to 1–2 organs (including the lung, adrenal gland, bone, lymph node and pleura/peritoneum) who were treated naïve with curative intent. Survival, technical success and safety were evaluated. The log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyse the survival data. Results:No immediate technical failure occurred, and at 1 month, the technique effectiveness rate was determined to be 95.8%. After a median follow-up time of 28.0 months (range, 6–108 months), the 1-, 2- and 3-year overall survival (OS) rates were 91, 70 and 48%, respectively, with a median survival time of 33.5 months. Time to unoligometastatic progression (TTUP) of less than 6 months (p < 0.001) and a Child–Pugh score of more than 5 (p = 0.001) were significant indicators of shorter OS. The 1-, 2- and 3-year disease free survival (DFS) rates were 34, 21 and 8%, respectively, with a median DFS time of 6.8 months. DFS was better for those with lung metastases (p = 0.006). Major complication occurred in nine (9.5%, 9/95) RFA sessions without treatment-related mortality. Conclusions:CT-guided RFA for oligometastatic HCC may provide favourable efficacy and technical success with a minimally invasive approach. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background & Aims: Optimizing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) can enhance treatment efficacy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study compares modified TACE (M-TACE), which combines a lipiodol-based emulsion and drug-eluting beads, with drug-eluting bead TACE (DEB-TACE) as initial therapies for solitary HCC., Methods: In this retrospective study, 185 patients undergoing M-TACE or DEB-TACE were evaluated. Propensity score matching was used to create 69 balanced pairs. Initial tumor response, repeated treatments within six months, local tumor progression (LTP), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs) were assessed., Results: M-TACE exhibited significantly higher initial complete response (CR) rates (39.1% vs. 23.2%, p  = 0.043) and fewer repeated treatments within six months (1.7 ± 0.9 vs. 2.1 ± 0.7; p  = 0.033) compared to DEB-TACE. LTP rates were notably lower with M-TACE at 12 months (39.1% vs. 65.2%, p  = 0.002), and median time to LTP was prolonged with M-TACE (13.3 vs. 8.2 months, p  = 0.038). Stratified analysis revealed a significantly longer OS in individuals achieving a CR after the initial M-TACE (50.5 vs. 33.4 months, p  = 0.043). However, the overall study population did not exhibit a significant difference in OS between the two groups. Comparable AEs (all p  > 0.05) were observed., Conclusions: M-TACE showed higher initial CR rates, lower LTP rates, and extended time to LTP compared to DEB-TACE, indicating its potential to enhance TACE effectiveness for solitary HCC.

Purpose: To further evaluate the efficacy and safety of computed tomography (CT)-guided iodine 125 ( 125 I) brachytherapy to treat locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after progression of concurrent radiochemotherapy (CCRT)., Methods: This study obtained written consent from all patients and was approved by our institution. From January 2006 to June 2018, 210 NSCLC patients (progression of first-line CCRT) were retrospectively recruited and then divided into two groups. A total of 116 patients were given CT-guided 125 I brachytherapy and second-line chemotherapy (group A), and 94 were treated with second-line chemotherapy alone (group B)., Results: In group A, local response rate (LRR) within 3 years was significantly better (P<0.05). Mean survival time [progression-free survival time (PFST) and overall survival (OS)] was 15.1±1.4 months and 21.2±1.6 months in group A compared with 10.0±1.4 months and 16.2±1.7 months in group B (PFST: P<0.01, HR=1.472, 95% CI 1.097-1.975; OS: P = 0.036, HR=1.342, 95% CI 1.005-1.791). Tumor size and No. of first cycle chemotherapy were independent factors that affected survival, ≤3cm largest tumor diameter and more than 4 first cycles of chemotherapy showed longer PFST and OS (P<0.05). Tumor-related clinical symptoms were relieved in group A (P<0.01). No serious complications occurred in the two groups., Conclusion: 125 I brachytherapy is effective and safe in locally advanced NSCLC after progression of CCRT., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest., (© 2021 Xiang et al.)

A chiral ruthenium(ii) complex, Λ-[Ru(bpy) 2 ( o -tFMPIP)] (ClO 4 ) 2 ( o -tFMPIP = 2'-trifluoromethylphenyl) imidazo [4,5- f ][1,10]phenanthroline, was prepared and evaluated for its enhancement of the radiosensitivity of 125 I seeds. The synthetic Ru(ii) complex, LR042, effectively enhanced growth inhibition against HepG2 human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cells induced by 125 I seeds and consequently effectively promoted the apoptosis of tumor cells with increasing level of cleave-caspase-3. Furthermore, the results of immunofluorescence indicated that LR042 enhanced the phosphorylation of H2AX by 125 I seeds vigorously in response to damaged DNA. LR042 improved DNA damage induced by 125 I seeds, which resulted in apoptosis through the activation of the p53/AKT signal. In conclusion, synthetic LR042 can be further developed as a potential radiosensitizer of 125 I seed radiotherapy for cancer therapy., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)