29 results on '"Msungama, Wezi"'
Search Results
2. Urethrocutaneous fistulas after voluntary medical male circumcision for HIV prevention—15 African Countries, 2015–2019
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Lucas, Todd, Hines, Jonas Z., Samuelson, Julia, Hargreave, Timothy, Davis, Stephanie M., Fellows, Ian, Prainito, Amber, Watts, D. Heather, Kiggundu, Valerian, Thomas, Anne G., Ntsuape, Onkemetse Conrad, Dare, Kunle, Odoyo-June, Elijah, Soo, Leonard, Toti-Mokoteli, Likabelo, Manda, Robert, Kapito, Martin, Msungama, Wezi, Odek, James, Come, Jotamo, Canda, Marcos, Gaspar, Nuno, Mekondjo, Aupokolo, Zemburuka, Brigitte, Bonnecwe, Collen, Vranken, Peter, Mmbando, Susan, Simbeye, Daimon, Rwegerera, Fredrick, Wamai, Nafuna, Kyobutungi, Shelia, Zulu, James Exnobert, Chituwo, Omega, Xaba, Sinokuthemba, Mandisarisa, John, and Toledo, Carlos
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- 2021
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3. Childhood Violence Is Associated with Forced Sexual Initiation Among Girls and Young Women in Malawi: A Cross-Sectional Survey
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Swedo, Elizabeth A., Sumner, Steven A., Msungama, Wezi, Massetti, Greta M., Kalanda, McKnight, Saul, Janet, Auld, Andrew F., and Hillis, Susan D.
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- 2019
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4. Voluntary Medical Male Circumcisions for HIV Prevention--13 Countries in Eastern and Southern Africa, 2017-2021
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Peck, Megan E., Ong, Katherine S., Lucas, Todd, Harvey, Pauline, Lekone, Phenyo, Letebele, Mpho, Thomas, Vasavi T., Maziya, Vusi, Mkhontfo, Mandzisi, Gultie, Teruwork, Mulatu, Dejene, Shimelis, Mesfin, Zegeye, Tiruneh, Juma, Ambrose W., Odoyo-June, Elijah, Musingila, Paul K., Njenga, John, Auld, Andrew, Kapito, Martin, Maida, Alice, Msungama, Wezi, Canda, Marcos, Come, Jotamo, Malimane, Inacio, Aupokolo, Mekondjo, Zemburuka, Brigitte, Kankindi, Ida, Malamba, Samuel, Remera, Eric, Tubane, Emmanuel, Machava, Richard, Maphothi, Nandi, Vranken, Peter, Amuri, Mbaraka, Kazaura, Kokuhumbya J., Simbeye, Daimon, Alamo, Stella, Kabuye, Geoffrey, Chituwo, Omega, Kamboyi, Royd, Masiye, Joseph, Mandisarisa, John, Xaba, Sinokuthemba, and Toledo, Carlos
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HIV (Viruses) -- Political aspects ,Circumcision -- Political aspects ,Sexually transmitted diseases -- Prevention ,Emergency management -- Political aspects ,Health ,World Health Organization -- Political activity -- Political aspects ,United Nations -- Political activity -- Political aspects - Abstract
In 2007, voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) was endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS after it was found to be associated [...]
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- 2023
5. Preventing HIV Among Adolescent Boys and Young Men Through PEPFAR-Supported Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision in 15 Sub-Saharan African Countries, 2018–2021
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Peck, Megan E., primary, Ong, Katherine, additional, Lucas, Todd, additional, Thomas, Anne G., additional, Wandira, Ronald, additional, Ntwaaga, Bene, additional, Mkhontfo, Mandzisi, additional, Zegeye, Tiruneh, additional, Yohannes, Fikirte, additional, Mulatu, Dejene, additional, Gultie, Teruwork, additional, Juma, Ambrose Wanyonyi, additional, Odoyo-June, Elijah, additional, Maida, Alice, additional, Msungama, Wezi, additional, Canda, Marcos, additional, Mutandi, Gram, additional, Zemburuka, Brigitte L. T., additional, Kankindi, Ida, additional, Vranken, Peter, additional, Maphothi, Nandi, additional, Loykissoonlal, Dayanund, additional, Bunga, Sudhir, additional, Grund, Jonathan M., additional, Kazaura, Kokuhumbya J., additional, Kabuye, Geoffrey, additional, Chituwo, Omega, additional, Muyunda, Brian, additional, Kamboyi, Royd, additional, Lingenda, Godfrey, additional, Mandisarisa, John, additional, Peterson, Amy, additional, Malaba, Rickie, additional, Xaba, Sinokuthemba, additional, Moyo, Talent, additional, and Toledo, Carlos, additional
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- 2023
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6. Bleeding and Blood Disorders in Clients of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention — Eastern and Southern Africa, 2015–2016
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Hinkle, Lawrence E., Toledo, Carlos, Grund, Jonathan M., Byams, Vanessa R., Bock, Naomi, Ridzon, Renee, Cooney, Caroline, Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel, Thomas, Anne G., Odhiambo, Jacob, Odoyo-June, Elijah, Talam, Norah, Matchere, Faustin, Msungama, Wezi, Nyirenda, Rose, Odek, James, Come, Jotamo, Canda, Marcos, Wei, Stanley, Bere, Alfred, Bonnecwe, Collen, Choge, Isaac Ang’Ang’A, Martin, Enilda, Loykissoonlal, Dayanund, Lija, Gissenge J.I., Mlanga, Erick, Simbeye, Daimon, Alamo, Stella, Kabuye, Geoffrey, Lubwama, Joseph, Wamai, Nafuna, Chituwo, Omega, Sinyangwe, George, Zulu, James Exnobert, Ajayi, Charles A., Balachandra, Shirish, Mandisarisa, John, Xaba, Sinokuthemba, and Davis, Stephanie M.
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- 2018
7. Scale-Up of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Services for HIV Prevention — 12 Countries in Southern and Eastern Africa, 2013–2016
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Hines, Jonas Z., Ntsuape, Onkemetse Conrad, Malaba, Kananga, Zegeye, Tiruneh, Serrem, Kennedy, Odoyo-June, Elijah, Nyirenda, Rose Kolola, Msungama, Wezi, Nkanaunena, Kondwani, Come, Jotamo, Canda, Marcos, Nhaguiombe, Herminio, Shihepo, Ella K., Zemburuka, Brigitte L.T., Mutandi, Gram, Yoboka, Emmanuel, Mbayiha, André H., Maringa, Hilda, Bere, Alfred, Lawrence, J. Joseph, Lija, Gissenge J.I., Simbeye, Daimon, Kazaura, Kokuhumbya, Mwiru, Ramadhani S., Talisuna, Stella Alamo, Lubwama, Joseph, Kabuye, Geoffrey, Zulu, James Exnobert, Chituwo, Omega, Mumba, Maybin, Xaba, Sinokuthemba, Mandisarisa, John, Baack, Brittney N., Hinkle, Lawrence, Grund, Jonathan M., Davis, Stephanie M., and Toledo, Carlos
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- 2017
8. Case series of glans injuries during voluntary medical male circumcision for HIV prevention — eastern and southern Africa, 2015–2018
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Lucas, Todd J., Toledo, Carlos, Davis, Stephanie M., Watts, D. Heather, Cavanaugh, Joseph S., Kiggundu, Valerian, Thomas, Anne G., Odoyo-June, Elijah, Bonnecwe, Collen, Maringa, Tintswalo Hilda, Martin, Enilda, Juma, Ambrose Wanyonyi, Xaba, Sinokuthemba, Balachandra, Shirish, Come, Jotamo, Canda, Marcos, Nyirenda, Rose, Msungama, Wezi, Odek, James, Lija, Gissenge J. I., Mlanga, Erick, Zulu, James Exnobert, O’Bra, Heidi, Chituwo, Omega, Aupokolo, Mekondjo, Mali, Denis A., Zemburuka, Brigitte, Malaba, Kananga Dany, Ntsuape, Onkemetse Conrad, and Hines, Jonas Z.
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- 2020
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9. Understanding Gender-Based Violence Service Delivery in CDC-Supported Health Facilities: 15 Sub-Saharan African Countries, 2017–2021.
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Kanagasabai, Udhayashankar, Valleau, Christopher, Cain, Meagan, Chevalier, Michelle S., Hegle, Jennifer, Patel, Pragna, Benevides, Regina, Trika, Joseph B., Angumua, Carrine, Mpingulu, Minlangu, Ferdinand, Kamanga, Sida, Fikirte, Galloway, Katelyn, Kambona, Caroline, Oluoch, Patricia, Msungama, Wezi, Katengeza, Hans, Correia, Della, Duffy, Meghan, and Cossa, Raquel Maria Violeta
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AIDS prevention ,HIV infection risk factors ,HEALTH facility administration ,DISEASE eradication ,VIOLENCE ,MEDICAL care ,GENDER ,RISK assessment ,COMPARATIVE studies ,EMERGENCY medical services ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,HIV - Abstract
Gender-based violence (GBV) is a complex issue deeply rooted in social structures, making its eradication challenging. GBV increases the risk of HIV transmission and is a barrier to HIV testing, care, and treatment. Quality clinical services for GBV, which includes the provision of HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), vary, and service delivery data are lacking. We describe GBV clinical service delivery in 15 countries supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Through a descriptive statistical analysis of PEPFAR Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting (MER) data, we found a 252% increase in individuals receiving GBV clinical services, from 158,691 in 2017 to 558,251 in 2021. PEP completion was lowest (15%) among 15–19-year-olds. Understanding GBV service delivery is important for policy makers, program managers, and providers to guide interventions to improve the quality of service delivery and contribute to HIV epidemic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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10. Risk factors for stunting in children who are HIV‐exposed and uninfected after Option B+ implementation in Malawi
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Toledo, Gabriela, primary, Landes, Megan, additional, van Lettow, Monique, additional, Tippett Barr, Beth A., additional, Bailey, Heather, additional, Crichton, Siobhan, additional, Msungama, Wezi, additional, and Thorne, Claire, additional
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- 2022
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11. Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Services for HIV Prevention, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2020
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Peck, Megan E., primary, Ong, Katherine S., additional, Lucas, Todd, additional, Prainito, Amber, additional, Thomas, Anne G., additional, Brun, Alex, additional, Kiggundu, Valerian, additional, Yansaneh, Aisha, additional, Busang, Lesego, additional, Kgongwana, Kabelo, additional, Kelaphile, David, additional, Seipone, Khumo, additional, Letebele, Mpho H., additional, Makadzange, Panganai F., additional, Marwiro, Amon, additional, Sesinyi, Mirriam, additional, Lapidos, Tyrone, additional, Lukhele, Njabuliso, additional, Maziya, Vusi, additional, Mkhontfo, Mandzisi, additional, Gultie, Teruwork, additional, Mulatu, Dejene, additional, Shimelis, Mesfin, additional, Zegeye, Tiruneh, additional, Teka, Tesfaye, additional, Bulterys, Marc, additional, Njenga, John N., additional, Odoyo-June, Elijah, additional, Juma, Ambrose W., additional, Soo, Leonard, additional, Talam, Norah, additional, Brown, Malerato, additional, Chakare, Tafadzwa, additional, Nonyana, Nyane, additional, Khoabane, Mpho A., additional, Auld, Andrew F., additional, Maida, Alice, additional, Msungama, Wezi, additional, Kapito, Martin, additional, Nyirenda, Rose, additional, Matchere, Faustin, additional, Odek, James, additional, Canda, Marcos, additional, Malimane, Inácio, additional, Come, Jotamo, additional, Gaspar, Nuno, additional, Langa, Antonio, additional, Aupokolo, Mekondjo A., additional, Vejorerako, Kaauma C., additional, Kahindi, Lawrence, additional, Mali, Denis, additional, Zegeye, Abeje, additional, Mangoya, Derek, additional, Zemburuka, Brigitte L., additional, Bamwesigye, Jackson, additional, Kankindi, Ida, additional, Kayirangwa, Eugenie, additional, Malamba, Samuel S., additional, Roels, Thierry, additional, Kayonde, Lenny, additional, Zimulinda, Eugene, additional, Ndengo, Emah, additional, Nsanzimana, Sabin, additional, Remera, Eric, additional, Rwibasira, Gallican N., additional, Sangwayire, Beata, additional, Semakula, Muhammed, additional, Rugira, Eugene, additional, Rugwizangoga, Eugene, additional, Tubane, Emmanuel, additional, Yoboka, Emmanuel, additional, Lawrence, Joseph, additional, Loykissoonlal, Dayanund, additional, Maphothi, Nandi, additional, Achut, Victoria, additional, Bunga, Sudhir, additional, Moi, Monday, additional, Amuri, Mbaraka, additional, Kazaura, Kokuhumbya, additional, Simbeye, Daimon, additional, Fida, Neway, additional, Kayange, Alick A., additional, Seleman, Mohamed, additional, Akao, Juliet, additional, Alamo, Stella T., additional, Kabuye, Geoffrey, additional, Kyobutungi, Sheila, additional, Makumbi, Fredrick E., additional, Mudiope, Peter, additional, Nantez, Barbara, additional, Chituwo, Omega, additional, Godfrey, Lingenda, additional, Muyunda, Brian, additional, Kamboyi, Royd, additional, Masiye, Joseph, additional, Lifuka, Eda, additional, Mandisarisa, John, additional, Mhangara, Mutsa, additional, Xaba, Sinokuthemba, additional, and Toledo, Carlos, additional
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- 2022
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12. Forced Sexual Initiation and Early Sexual Debut and Associated Risk Factors and Health Problems Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women--Violence Against Children and Youth Surveys, Nine PEPFAR Countries, 2007-2018
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Howard, Ashleigh L., Pals, Sherri, Walker, Brianna, Benevides, Regina, Massetti, Greta M., Oluoch, Rose Patricia, Ogbanufe, Obinna, Marcelin, Louis Herns, Cela, Toni, Mapoma, Chabila C., Gonese, Elizabeth, Msungama, Wezi, Magesa, Daniel, Kayange, Alick, Galloway, Katelyn, Apondi, Rose, Wasula, Lydia, Mugurungi, Owen, Ncube, Getrude, Sikanyiti, Iven, Hamela, Justin, Kihwele, Gerald V., Nzuza-Motsa, Nozipho, Saul, Janet, and Patel, Pragna
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Vacuum cleaners -- Surveys -- Health aspects ,Young women -- Surveys -- Crimes against ,Family violence -- Health aspects -- Surveys ,Emergency management -- Health aspects -- Surveys ,HIV infection -- Risk factors ,Teenage girls -- Crimes against -- Surveys ,Health - Abstract
Adolescent girls and young women aged 13--24 years are disproportionately affected by HIV in sub-Saharan Africa (1), resulting from biologic, behavioral, and structural * factors, including violence. Girls in sub-Saharan [...]
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- 2021
13. Effect of Postnatal HIV Treatment on Clinical Mastitis and Breast Inflammation in HIV‐Infected Breast‐feeding Women
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Zadrozny, Sabrina, Westreich, Daniel, Hudgens, Michael G., Chasela, Charles, Jamieson, Denise J., Martinson, Francis, Zimba, Chifundo, Tegha, Gerald, Hoffman, Irving, Miller, William C., Pence, Brian W., King, Caroline C., Kourtis, Athena P., Msungama, Wezi, and van der Horst, Charles
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- 2017
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14. Risk factors for stunting in children who are HIV‐exposed and uninfected after Option B+ implementation in Malawi.
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Toledo, Gabriela, Landes, Megan, van Lettow, Monique, Tippett Barr, Beth A., Bailey, Heather, Crichton, Siobhan, Msungama, Wezi, and Thorne, Claire
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HIV infections ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,ANTHROPOMETRY ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,INTERVIEWING ,RISK assessment ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,ODDS ratio ,VIROLOGY ,DATA analysis software ,GROWTH disorders ,VERTICAL transmission (Communicable diseases) ,PROBABILITY theory ,DISEASE risk factors ,EVALUATION ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Evidence suggests children HIV‐exposed and uninfected (CHEU) experience poor growth. We analysed child anthropometrics and explored factors associated with stunting among Malawian CHEU. Mothers with HIV and their infants HIV‐exposed were enroled in a nationally representative prospective cohort within the National Evaluation of Malawi's Prevention of Mother‐to‐Child HIV Transmission Programme after Option B+ implementation (2014–2018). Anthropometry was measured at enrolment (age 1–6 months), visit 1 (approximately 12 months), and visit 2 (approximately 24 months). Weight‐for‐age (WAZ) and length‐for‐age (LAZ) z‐scores were calculated using World Health Organization Growth Standards; underweight and stunting were defined as WAZ and LAZ more than 2 standard deviations below the reference median. Multivariable logistic regression restricted to CHEU aged 24 months (±3 months) was used to identify factors associated with stunting. Among 1211 CHEU, 562/1211 attended visit 2, of which 529 were aged 24 months (±3 months) and were included. At age 24 months, 40.4% of CHEU were stunted and/or underweight, respectively. In multi‐variable analysis, adjusting for child age and sex, the odds of stunting were higher among CHEU with infectious disease diagnosis compared to those with no diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio = 3.35 [95% confidence interval: 1.82–6.17]), which was modified by co‐trimoxazole prophylaxis (p = 0.028). Infant low birthweight was associated with an increased odds of stunting; optimal feeding and maternal employment were correlated with reduced odds. This is one of the first studies examining CHEU growth since Option B+. Interventions to improve linear growth among CHEU should address their multi‐faceted health risks, alongside maternal ART prescription, and follow‐up of mother‐child pairs. Key messages: Understanding the health risks of children HIV‐exposed and uninfected (CHEU) and the impact on their growth is of paramount importance for optimizing their health.This is one of the first studies examining correlates of CHEU growth since the implementation of Option B+ and uses a random subsample of a nationally representative cohort of women with HIV and CHEU in Malawi.Factors associated with stunting included infant low birthweight, optimal feeding, co‐trimoxazole prophylaxis, and maternal employment.Interventions targeting modifiable risk factors, alongside maternal antiretroviral therapy, and improved nutritional follow‐up of CHEU will contribute to improving CHEU growth in Malawi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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15. HIV Incidence by Male Circumcision Status From the Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment Surveys—Eight Sub-Saharan African Countries, 2015–2017
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Hines, Jonas Z., primary, Sachathep, Karampreet, additional, Pals, Sherri, additional, Davis, Stephanie M., additional, Toledo, Carlos, additional, Bronson, Megan, additional, Parekh, Bharat, additional, Carrasco, Maria, additional, Xaba, Sinokuthemba, additional, Mandisarisa, John, additional, Kamobyi, Royd, additional, Chituwo, Omega, additional, Kirungi, Wilford L., additional, Alamo, Stella, additional, Kabuye, Geoffrey, additional, Awor, Anna Colletar, additional, Mmbando, Susan, additional, Simbeye, Daimon, additional, Aupokolo, Mekondjo A., additional, Zemburuka, Brigitte, additional, Nyirenda, Rose, additional, Msungama, Wezi, additional, Tarumbiswa, Tapiwa, additional, Manda, Robert, additional, Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha, Harriet, additional, Kiggundu, Valerian, additional, Thomas, Anne G., additional, Watts, Heather, additional, Voetsch, Andrew C., additional, and Williams, Dan B., additional
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- 2021
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16. Sexually transmitted infections (STI) and antenatal care (ANC) clinics in Malawi: effective platforms for improving engagement of men at high HIV risk with voluntary medical male circumcision services
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Msungama, Wezi, primary, Menego, Geoffrey, additional, Shaba, Frackson, additional, Flowers, Nicole, additional, Habel, Melissa, additional, Bonongwe, Abigail, additional, Banda, Masford, additional, Shire, Steven, additional, Maida, Alice, additional, Auld, Andrew, additional, Phiri, Sam John Peter, additional, Dumbani, Kayira, additional, Buono, Nicole, additional, Luhanga, Mishek, additional, Kapito, Martin, additional, Gibson, Hannah, additional, Laube, Catey, additional, Toledo, Carlos, additional, Kim, Evelyn, additional, and Davis, Stephanie Marie, additional
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- 2021
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17. Disclosure of Sexual Violence Among Girls and Young Women Aged 13 to 24 Years: Results From the Violence Against Children Surveys in Nigeria and Malawi
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Nguyen, Kimberly H., primary, Kress, Howard, additional, Atuchukwu, Victor, additional, Onotu, Dennis, additional, Swaminathan, Mahesh, additional, Ogbanufe, Obinna, additional, Msungama, Wezi, additional, and Sumner, Steven A., additional
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- 2018
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18. Plasma Micronutrient Concentrations Are Altered by Antiretroviral Therapy and Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements in Lactating HIV-Infected Malawian Women
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Eron, Joseph, Raines, Byron, Chikhungu, Norah, Zgambo, Innocent, Mkomawanthu, Chimwemwe, Kayira, Dumbani, Hoffman, Irving, Mndala, Ibrahim, Davis, Nicole L., Marcus, Cheryl, Sellers, Christopher, Mayers, Douglas, Kamthunzi, Portia, Nkhoma, Jacqueline, Kacheche, Zebrone, Bramson, Brian, Ryan, Mairin, Long, Dustin, Daza, Eric J., Fiscus, Susan, Musis, Bonface, Hurst, Stacy, van der Horst, Charles, Waalberg, Esther, Ait-Khaled, Mounir, Tohill, Beth, Spensley, Allison, Allen, Lindsay H., Msika, Albans, Ahmed, Yusuf, Fokar, Ali, Kourtis, Athena P., Chiudzu, Grace, Kamwendo, Deborah, Shugars, Diane, McDonough, Marita, Shahab-Ferdows, Setarah, Pendame, Richard, Chigwenembe, Maggie, Mumba, Noel, Thomas, Roshan, Mayuni, Isabel, Mwansambo, Charles, Hudgens, Michael, Wiener, Jeffrey, Guay, Laura, Piwoz, Ellen, Rublein, John, Hosseinipour, Mina, Luhanga, Misheck, Mita, Khama, Dow, Anna, Butera, Sal, Albrecht, Sandra, Kumwenda, Jacob, Bayer, Ronald, Bangdiwala, Shrikant, Chilongozi, David, Kamanga, Esmie, Farr, Sherry, Hyde, Lisa, Joaki, George, Parker, Megan, Sanne, Ian, Steens, Jean Marc, Moses, Agnes, Bentley, Margaret E., Martinson, Francis, Knight, Rodney, Madhlopa, Victor, Ferguson, Yvonne Owens, Mndala, Gertrude, Galvin, Shannon, Flax, Valerie L., Matiki, Chrissie, Corneli, Amy, Chikasema, Maria, Kamanga, Gift, Lee, Hana, Corbett, Amanda, Kampani, Coxcilly, Jones, David, Meme, Joyce, Majawa, Maganizo, Jamieson, Denise, Widen, Elizabeth, Snowden, Wendy, King, Caroline C., Chasela, Charles S., Hooten, Elizabeth, Kashuba, Angela, Chimerang'ambe, Joseph, Muita, Jane, Ramdas, Zane, Jordan-Bell, Elizabeth, Hampel, Daniela, Thoofer, Navdeep, van der Horst, Charles M., Heilig, Chad, Kathyola, Damson, Chome, Lenesi, Boyle, Nicola, Tegha, Gerald, Tembo, Martin, Maida, Alice, Merry, Ceppie, Adair, Linda S., Eliya, Henry, Bobrow, Emily, Cole, Anne, Loeliger, Edde, Kanyama, Cecilia, Mtimuni, Beatrice, Msungama, Wezi, Chavula, Charity, Duerr, Ann, Zimba, Chifundo, Mwapasa, Gerald, Krysiak, Robert, Sichali, Dorothy, Soko, Alice, Jamieson, Denise J., Wiyo, Patricia, Wilfert, Cathy, Tien, Hsiao Chuan, Ellington, Sascha, and Kazembe, Peter
- Abstract
Background: Little is known about the influence of antiretroviral therapy with or without micronutrient supplementation on the micronutrient concentrations of HIV-infected lactating women in resource-constrained settings.
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- 2015
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19. Effect of cytomegalovirus infection on breastfeeding transmission of HIV and on the health of infants born to HIV-infected mothers
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Loeliger, Edde, King, Caroline C., Ahmed, Yusuf, Joaki, George, Knight, Rodney, Hosseinipour, Mina, Dollard, Sheila C., Marcus, Cheryl, Moses, Agnes, Jordan-Bell, Elizabeth, Bramson, Brian, Pendame, Richard, Chang, Tiffany S., Kourtis, Athena P., Sellers, Christopher, Steens, Jean Marc, Hooten, Elizabeth, Long, Dustin, Kanyama, Cecilia, Ryan, Mairin, Mayers, Douglas, Sichali, Dorothy, Hurst, Stacy, Wiener, Jeffrey, Corbett, Amanda, Mwansambo, Charles, Jones, David, Hyde, Lisa, Piwoz, Ellen, Van Der Horst, Charlie, Boyle, Nicola, Dow, Anna, Cole, Anne, Msika, Albans, Maida, Alice, Amin, Minal M., Zgambo, Innocent, Parker, Megan, Fokar, Ali, Nkhoma, Jacqueline, Chasela, Charles, Mumba, Noel, Adair, Linda, Lee, Hana, Snowden, Wendy, Kayira, Dumbani, Spensley, Allison, Fiscus, Susan, Soko, Alice, Chigwenembe, Maggie, Matiki, Chrissie, Tohill, Beth, Kathyola, Damson, Chavula, Charity, Mndala, Gertrude, Kumwenda, Jacob, Mwapasa, Gerald, Galvin, Shannon, Flax, Valerie, Bangdiwala, Shrikant, Farr, Sherry, Ait-Khaled, Mounir, Waalberg, Esther, Mkomawanthu, Chimwemwe, Luhanga, Misheck, Raines, Byron, Butera, Sal, Wilfert, Cathy, Thoofer, Navdeep, Eron, Joseph, Van Der Horst, Charles, Mtimuni, Beatrice, Ramdas, Zane, Musis, Bonface, Rublein, John, Chikhungu, Norah, Kashuba, Angela, Kazembe, Peter, Jamieson, Denise J., Guay, Laura, Krysiak, Robert, Widen, Elizabeth, Tembo, Martin, Meme, Joyce, Majawa, Maganizo, Thomas, Roshan, Bobrow, Emily, Mita, Khama, Kamanga, Gift, Chiudzu, Grace, Heilig, Chad, Chimerang'ambe, Joseph, Kampani, Coxcilly, Chikasema, Maria, Eliya, Henry, Tegha, Gerald, Wiyo, Patricia, Martinson, Francis, Mayuni, Isabel, Kamanga, Esmie, Chome, Lenesi, Albrecht, Sandra, Duerr, Ann, McDonough, Marita, Tien, Hsiao Chuan, Shugars, Diane, Hudgens, Michael, Sanne, Ian, Bentley, Margaret, Chilongozi, David, Bayer, Ronald, Kacheche, Zebrone, Ellington, Sascha, Corneli, Amy, Merry, Ceppie, Mndala, Ibrahim, Muita, Jane, Kamwendo, Deborah, Madhlopa, Victor, Ferguson, Yvonne Owens, Zimba, Chifundo, Msungama, Wezi, Hoffman, Irving, and Kamthunzi, Portia
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fungi ,food and beverages ,virus diseases - Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can be acquired in utero or postnatally through horizontal transmission and breastfeeding. The effect of postnatal CMV infection on postnatal HIV transmission is unknown.
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- 2015
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20. Adherence to extended postpartum antiretrovirals is associated with decreased breast milk HIV-1 transmission
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Tegha, Gerald, Zimba, Chifundo, Kamthunzi, Portia, Majawa, Maganizo, Ahmed, Yusuf, Mndala, Gertrude, Loeliger, Edde, Piwoz, Ellen, Bayer, Ronald, Nelson, Julie A.E., Bramson, Brian, Tembo, Martin, Chavula, Charity, Kazembe, Peter, Nkhoma, Jacqueline, Mita, Khama, Guay, Laura, Kayira, Dumbani, Merry, Ceppie, Rublein, John, Kamanga, Esmie, Kamwendo, Deborah, Musis, Bonface, Heilig, Chad, Raines, Byron, Tohill, Beth, Sellers, Christopher, Adair, Linda, Luhanga, Misheck, Eron, Joseph, Bobrow, Emily, Marcus, Cheryl, Jamieson, Denise J., Ait-Khaled, Mounir, Van Der Horst, Charles, Wiyo, Patricia, Boyle, Nicola, Shugars, Diane, Madhlopa, Victor, Mwapasa, Gerald, Corneli, Amy, Kanyama, Cecilia, Waalberg, Esther, Kumwenda, Jacob, Chikhungu, Norah, Chiudzu, Grace, Fokar, Ali, Tien, Hsiao Chuan, McDonough, Marita, Maida, Alice, Chasela, Charles S., Mayuni, Isabel, Mkomawanthu, Chimwemwe, Miller, William C., Spensley, Allison, Bentley, Margaret, King, Caroline C., Joaki, George, Pendame, Richard, Bangdiwala, Shrikant, Muita, Jane, Snowden, Wendy, Ferguson, Yvonne Owens, Flax, Valerie, Kourtis, Athena P., Davis, Nicole L., Ramdas, Zane, Wiener, Jeffrey, Parker, Megan, Mayers, Douglas, Albrecht, Sandra, Widen, Elizabeth, Kampani, Coxcilly, Hurst, Stacy, Butera, Sal, Mwansambo, Charles, Ellington, Sascha R., Sichali, Dorothy, Meme, Joyce, Dow, Anna, Mndala, Ibrahim, Jordan-Bell, Elizabeth, Martinson, Francis, Hosseinipour, Mina, Soko, Alice, Wilfert, Cathy, Chimerang'ambe, Joseph, Chilongozi, David, Krysiak, Robert, Hoffman, Irving, Farr, Sherry, Moses, Agnes, Long, Dustin, Msika, Albans, Knight, Rodney, Kathyola, Damson, Ryan, Mairin, Hyde, Lisa, Chikasema, Maria, Mumba, Noel, Kacheche, Zebrone, Matiki, Chrissie, Corbett, Amanda, Lee, Hana, Chome, Lenesi, Zgambo, Innocent, Kashuba, Angela, Fiscus, Susan, Eliya, Henry, Mtimuni, Beatrice, Cole, Anne, Thomas, Roshan, Jones, David, Duerr, Ann, Msungama, Wezi, Kamanga, Gift, Steens, Jean Marc, Hooten, Elizabeth, Galvin, Shannon, Stringer, Jeffrey S.A., Thoofer, Navdeep, Chigwenembe, Maggie, Hudgens, Michael G., and Sanne, Ian
- Subjects
virus diseases ,reproductive and urinary physiology - Abstract
Estimate association between postpartum antiretroviral adherence and breastmilk HIV-1 transmission
- Published
- 2014
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21. Classification and rates of adverse events in a Malawi male circumcision program: impact of quality improvement training
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Kohler, Pamela K., primary, Namate, Dorothy, additional, Barnhart, Scott, additional, Chimbwandira, Frank, additional, Tippet-Barr, Beth A., additional, Perdue, Tom, additional, Chilongozi, David A., additional, Tenthani, Lyson, additional, Phiri, Oliver, additional, Msungama, Wezi, additional, Holmes, King K., additional, and Krieger, John N., additional
- Published
- 2016
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22. Evaluating Nurses' Implementation of an Infant-Feeding Counseling Protocol for HIV-Infected Mothers: The Ban Study in Lilongwe, Malawi
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Tegha, Gerald, Kathyola, Damson, Ait-Khaled, Mounir, Zimba, Chifundo, Ellington, Sascha, Chilongozi, David, Kourtis, Athena, Meme, Joyce, Loeliger, Edde, Galvin, Shannon, Musis, Bonface, Chavula, Charity, Boyle, Nicola, Kayira, Dumbani, Jamieson, Denise, Nkhoma, Jacqueline, Kanyama, Cecilia, Bobrow, Emily, Mita, Khama, Chasela, Charles, Wiyo, Patricia, Kamthunzi, Portia, Thomas, Roshan, Zulu, Cynthia, Jamieson, Denise J., Van Der Horst, Charles, Kamanga, Esmie, Krysiak, Robert, Tembo, Martin, Soko, Alice, Msika, Albans, Duerr, Ann, McDonough, Marita, Waalberg, Esther, Sellers, Christopher, Piwoz, Ellen G., Raines, Byron, Kumwenda, Jacob, Eliya, Henry, Chimerang'Ambe, Joseph, Rublein, John, Ahmed, Yusuf, Mwapasa, Gerald, Kacheche, Zebrone, Eng, Eugenia, Msungama, Wezi, Hurst, Stacy, Spensley, Allison, Mkomawanthu, Chimwemwe, Eron, Joseph, Knight, Rodney, Piwoz, Ellen, Mumba, Noel, Fiscus, Susan, Kashuba, Angela, Chigwenembe, Maggie, Muita, Jane, Hyde, Lisa, Heilig, Chad, Matika, Chrissie, Martinson, Francis, Madhlopa, Victor, Wilfert, Cathy, Ferguson, Yvonne Owens, Mwansambo, Charles, Farr, Sherry, Mndala, Gertrude, Guay, Laura, Hosseinipour, Mina, Mndala, Ibrahim, Steckler, Allan, Butera, Sal, Bentley, Margaret, Mayuni, Isabel, Moses, Agnes, Shugars, Diane, Jones, David, Wiener, Jeffrey, Albrecht, Sandra, Maida, Alice, Tohill, Beth Carlton, Randall-David, Elizabeth, Tohill, Beth, Chikasema, Maria, Majawa, Maganizo, Luhanga, Misheck, Chikhungu, Norah, Chiudzu, Grace, Sandelowski, Margarete, Kampani, Coxcilly, Hooten, Elizabeth, Bayer, Ronald, Corneli, Amy, Kazembe, Peter, Kamanga, Gift, Chome, Lenesi, Zgambo, Onnocent, Joaki, George, Corbett, Amanda, Marcus, Cheryl, Sanne, Ian, Tien, Hsiao Chuan, Mtimuni, Beatrice, Mayers, Douglas, Cole, Anne, Bramson, Brian, Snowden, Wendy, Merry, Ceppie, Sichali, Dorothy, Kamwendo, Deborah, Steens, Jean Marc, Adair, Linda, Bangdiwala, Shrikant, Thoofer, Navdeep, Ryan, Mairin, Hudgens, Michael, Hoffman, Irving, Pendame, Richard, and Ramdas, Zane
- Abstract
A process evaluation of nurses’ implementation of an infant-feeding counseling protocol was conducted for the Breastfeeding, Antiretroviral and Nutrition (BAN) Study, a prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV clinical trial in Lilongwe, Malawi. Six trained nurses counseled HIV-infected mothers to exclusively breastfeed for 24 weeks postpartum and to stop breastfeeding within an additional four weeks. Implementation data were collected via direct observations of 123 infant feeding counseling sessions (30 antenatal and 93 postnatal) and interviews with each nurse. Analysis included calculating a percent adherence to checklists and conducting a content analysis for the observation and interview data. Nurses were implementing the protocol at an average adherence level of 90% or above. Although not detailed in the protocol, nurses appropriately counseled mothers on their actual or intended formula milk usage after weaning. Results indicate that nurses implemented the protocol as designed. Results will help to interpret the BAN Study’s outcomes.
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- 2009
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- View/download PDF
23. Disclosure of Sexual Violence Among Girls and Young Women Aged 13 to 24 Years: Results From the Violence Against Children Surveys in Nigeria and Malawi.
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Nguyen, Kimberly H., Kress, Howard, Atuchukwu, Victor, Onotu, Dennis, Swaminathan, Mahesh, Ogbanufe, Obinna, Msungama, Wezi, and Sumner, Steven A.
- Subjects
AGE distribution ,CHILD sexual abuse ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,HELP-seeking behavior ,RESEARCH methodology ,SELF-disclosure ,SELF-evaluation ,SEX crimes ,SURVEYS ,CRIME victims ,SOCIAL responsibility ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,DATA analysis software ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ODDS ratio ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Understanding factors that are associated with disclosure of sexual violence (SV) is important for the delivery of health services as well as developing strategies for prevention and response. The Violence Against Children Surveys were conducted in Malawi and Nigeria. We examined the prevalence of SV, help-seeking behaviors, and factors associated with disclosure among girls and young women aged 13 to 24. The self-reported prevalence of SV was similar in Nigeria (26%) and Malawi (27%). Among females who experienced SV, approximately one third (37%) in Nigeria and one half (55%) in Malawi ever disclosed their experience of SV. Females in Nigeria were significantly more likely to disclose to their parents (31.8%) than females in Malawi (9.5%). The most common reason for nondisclosure in Nigeria was not feeling a need or desire to tell anyone (34.9%) and in Malawi was embarrassment (29.3%). Very close relationships with one or both parents were significantly associated with disclosure among Nigerian females (odds ratio [OR] = 5.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [2.1, 14.6]) but were inversely associated with disclosure among Malawian females (OR = 0.05, 95% CI = [0.01, 0.33]). Reasons for nondisclosure of SV and factors associated with disclosure among females differ in the African nations studied. The stigma associated with shame of SV may prevent females from disclosing and thus receiving necessary support and health, social, and other services. This study demonstrates a need to reduce barriers for disclosure to improve the delivery of health, social, and other response services across African nations, as well as to develop culturally appropriate strategies for its response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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24. Voluntary Medical Male Circumcisions for HIV Prevention - 13 Countries in Eastern and Southern Africa, 2017-2021.
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Peck ME, Ong KS, Lucas T, Harvey P, Lekone P, Letebele M, Thomas VT, Maziya V, Mkhontfo M, Gultie T, Mulatu D, Shimelis M, Zegeye T, Juma AW, Odoyo-June E, Musingila PK, Njenga J, Auld A, Kapito M, Maida A, Msungama W, Canda M, Come J, Malimane I, Aupokolo M, Zemburuka B, Kankindi I, Malamba S, Remera E, Tubane E, Machava R, Maphothi N, Vranken P, Amuri M, Kazaura KJ, Simbeye D, Alamo S, Kabuye G, Chituwo O, Kamboyi R, Masiye J, Mandisarisa J, Xaba S, and Toledo C
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Africa, Southern epidemiology, Africa, Eastern epidemiology, Voluntary Programs, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV Infections prevention & control, Circumcision, Male, COVID-19, HIV-1
- Abstract
In 2007, voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) was endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS after it was found to be associated with approximately a 60% reduction in the risk for female-to-male transmission of HIV (1). As a result of this endorsement, the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), through partnerships with U.S. government agencies, including CDC, the U.S. Department of Defense, and the U.S. Agency for International Development, started supporting VMMCs performed in prioritized countries in southern and eastern Africa. During 2010-2016, CDC supported 5,880,372 VMMCs in 12 countries (2,3). During 2017-2021, CDC supported 8,497,297 VMMCs performed in 13 countries. In 2020, the number of VMMCs performed declined 31.8% compared with the number in 2019, primarily because of COVID-19-related disruptions to VMMC service delivery. PEPFAR 2017-2021 Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting data were used to provide an update and describe CDC's contribution to the scale-up of the VMMC program, which is important to meeting the 2025 Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) target of 90% of males aged 15-59 years having access to VMMC services in prioritized countries to help end the AIDS epidemic by 2030 (4)., Competing Interests: All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
- Published
- 2023
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25. Forced Sexual Initiation and Early Sexual Debut and Associated Risk Factors and Health Problems Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women - Violence Against Children and Youth Surveys, Nine PEPFAR Countries, 2007-2018.
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Howard AL, Pals S, Walker B, Benevides R, Massetti GM, Oluoch RP, Ogbanufe O, Marcelin LH, Cela T, Mapoma CC, Gonese E, Msungama W, Magesa D, Kayange A, Galloway K, Apondi R, Wasula L, Mugurungi O, Ncube G, Sikanyiti I, Hamela J, Kihwele GV, Nzuza-Motsa N, Saul J, and Patel P
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Age Factors, Developing Countries, Female, Global Health statistics & numerical data, Humans, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Violence statistics & numerical data, Young Adult, HIV Infections epidemiology, Sex Offenses statistics & numerical data, Sexual Behavior statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Adolescent girls and young women aged 13-24 years are disproportionately affected by HIV in sub-Saharan Africa (1), resulting from biologic, behavioral, and structural* factors, including violence. Girls in sub-Saharan Africa also experience sexual violence at higher rates than do boys (2), and women who experience intimate partner violence have 1.3-2.0 times the odds of acquiring HIV infection, compared with those who do not (3). Violence Against Children and Youth Survey (VACS) data during 2007-2018 from nine countries funded by the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) were analyzed to estimate prevalence and assess factors associated with early sexual debut and forced sexual initiation.
† Among adolescent girls and young women aged 13-24 years who ever had sex, the prevalence of lifetime sexual violence ranged from 12.5% to 49.3%, and forced sexual initiation ranged from 14.7% to 38.9%; early sexual debut among adolescent girls and young women aged 16-24 years ranged from 14.4% to 40.1%. In multiple logistic regression models, forced sexual initiation was associated with being unmarried, violence victimization, risky sexual behaviors, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and poor mental health. Early sexual debut was associated with lower education, marriage, ever witnessing parental intimate partner violence during childhood, risky sexual behaviors, poor mental health, and less HIV testing. Comprehensive violence and HIV prevention programming is needed to delay sexual debut and protect adolescent girls and young women from forced sex., Competing Interests: All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. HIV Incidence by Male Circumcision Status From the Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment Surveys-Eight Sub-Saharan African Countries, 2015-2017.
- Author
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Hines JZ, Sachathep K, Pals S, Davis SM, Toledo C, Bronson M, Parekh B, Carrasco M, Xaba S, Mandisarisa J, Kamobyi R, Chituwo O, Kirungi WL, Alamo S, Kabuye G, Awor AC, Mmbando S, Simbeye D, Aupokolo MA, Zemburuka B, Nyirenda R, Msungama W, Tarumbiswa T, Manda R, Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha H, Kiggundu V, Thomas AG, Watts H, Voetsch AC, and Williams DB
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Africa South of the Sahara epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Male, Risk Factors, Young Adult, Circumcision, Male statistics & numerical data, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV-1, Health Surveys
- Abstract
Background: Male circumcision (MC) offers men lifelong partial protection from heterosexually acquired HIV infection. The impact of MC on HIV incidence has not been quantified in nationally representative samples. Data from the population-based HIV impact assessments were used to compare HIV incidence by MC status in countries implementing voluntary medical MC (VMMC) programs., Methods: Data were pooled from population-based HIV impact assessments conducted in Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe from 2015 to 2017. Incidence was measured using a recent infection testing algorithm and analyzed by self-reported MC status distinguishing between medical and nonmedical MC. Country, marital status, urban setting, sexual risk behaviors, and mean population HIV viral load among women as an indicator of treatment scale-up were included in a random-effects logistic regression model using pooled survey weights. Analyses were age stratified (15-34 and 35-59 years). Annualized incidence rates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and incidence differences were calculated between medically circumcised and uncircumcised men., Results: Men 15-34 years reporting medical MC had lower HIV incidence than uncircumcised men [0.04% (95% CI: 0.00% to 0.10%) versus 0.34% (95% CI: 0.10% to 0.57%), respectively; P value = 0.01]; whereas among men 35-59 years, there was no significant incidence difference [1.36% (95% CI: 0.32% to 2.39%) versus 0.55% (95% CI: 0.14% to 0.67%), respectively; P value = 0.14]., Discussion: Medical MC was associated with lower HIV incidence in men aged 15-34 years in nationally representative surveys in Africa. These findings are consistent with the expected ongoing VMMC program impact and highlight the importance of VMMC for the HIV response in Africa., Competing Interests: As an inventor of LAg-Avidity EIA (HIV-1 incidence assay), B.P. receives a portion of royalties as per policies of the US government. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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27. Bleeding and Blood Disorders in Clients of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention - Eastern and Southern Africa, 2015-2016.
- Author
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Hinkle LE, Toledo C, Grund JM, Byams VR, Bock N, Ridzon R, Cooney C, Njeuhmeli E, Thomas AG, Odhiambo J, Odoyo-June E, Talam N, Matchere F, Msungama W, Nyirenda R, Odek J, Come J, Canda M, Wei S, Bere A, Bonnecwe C, Choge IA, Martin E, Loykissoonlal D, Lija GJI, Mlanga E, Simbeye D, Alamo S, Kabuye G, Lubwama J, Wamai N, Chituwo O, Sinyangwe G, Zulu JE, Ajayi CA, Balachandra S, Mandisarisa J, Xaba S, and Davis SM
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Africa, Eastern epidemiology, Africa, Southern epidemiology, Child, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Circumcision, Male adverse effects, HIV Infections prevention & control, Hematologic Diseases epidemiology, Hemorrhage epidemiology, Voluntary Programs
- Abstract
Male circumcision reduces the risk for female-to-male human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission by approximately 60% (1) and has become a key component of global HIV prevention programs in countries in Eastern and Southern Africa where HIV prevalence is high and circumcision coverage is low. Through September 2017, the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) had supported 15.2 million voluntary medical male circumcisions (VMMCs) in 14 priority countries in Eastern and Southern Africa (2). Like any surgical intervention, VMMC carries a risk for complications or adverse events. Adverse events during circumcision of males aged ≥10 years occur in 0.5% to 8% of procedures, though the majority of adverse events are mild (3,4). To monitor safety and service quality, PEPFAR tracks and reports qualifying notifiable adverse events. Data reported from eight country VMMC programs during 2015-2016 revealed that bleeding resulting in hospitalization for ≥3 days was the most commonly reported qualifying adverse event. In several cases, the bleeding adverse event revealed a previously undiagnosed or undisclosed bleeding disorder. Bleeding adverse events in men with potential bleeding disorders are serious and can be fatal. Strategies to improve precircumcision screening and performance of circumcisions on clients at risk in settings where blood products are available are recommended to reduce the occurrence of these adverse events or mitigate their effects (5)., Competing Interests: No conflicts of interest were reported.
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- 2018
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28. Scale-Up of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Services for HIV Prevention - 12 Countries in Southern and Eastern Africa, 2013-2016.
- Author
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Hines JZ, Ntsuape OC, Malaba K, Zegeye T, Serrem K, Odoyo-June E, Nyirenda RK, Msungama W, Nkanaunena K, Come J, Canda M, Nhaguiombe H, Shihepo EK, Zemburuka BLT, Mutandi G, Yoboka E, Mbayiha AH, Maringa H, Bere A, Lawrence JJ, Lija GJI, Simbeye D, Kazaura K, Mwiru RS, Talisuna SA, Lubwama J, Kabuye G, Zulu JE, Chituwo O, Mumba M, Xaba S, Mandisarisa J, Baack BN, Hinkle L, Grund JM, Davis SM, and Toledo C
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Africa, Eastern epidemiology, Africa, Southern epidemiology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S., HIV Infections epidemiology, Humans, International Cooperation, Male, Middle Aged, United States, Voluntary Programs economics, Young Adult, Circumcision, Male statistics & numerical data, HIV Infections prevention & control, Voluntary Programs organization & administration
- Abstract
Countries in Southern and Eastern Africa have the highest prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the world; in 2015, 52% (approximately 19 million) of all persons living with HIV infection resided in these two regions.* Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) reduces the risk for heterosexually acquired HIV infection among males by approximately 60% (1). As such, it is an essential component of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) strategy for ending acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) by 2030 (2). Substantial progress toward achieving VMMC targets has been made in the 10 years since the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNAIDS recommended scale-up of VMMC for HIV prevention in 14 Southern and Eastern African countries with generalized HIV epidemics and low male circumcision prevalence (3).
† This has been enabled in part by nearly $2 billion in cumulative funding through the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), administered through multiple U.S. governmental agencies, including CDC, which has supported nearly half of all PEPFAR-supported VMMCs to date. Approximately 14.5 million VMMCs were performed globally during 2008-2016, which represented 70% of the original target of 20.8 million VMMCs in males aged 15-49 years through 2016 (4). Despite falling short of the target, these VMMCs are projected to avert 500,000 HIV infections by the end of 2030 (4). However, UNAIDS has estimated an additional 27 million VMMCs need to be performed by 2021 to meet the Fast Track targets (2). This report updates a previous report covering the period 2010-2012, when VMMC implementing partners supported by CDC performed approximately 1 million VMMCs in nine countries (5). During 2013-2016, these implementing partners performed nearly 5 million VMMCs in 12 countries. Meeting the global target will require redoubling current efforts and introducing novel strategies that increase demand among subgroups of males who have historically been reluctant to undergo VMMC.- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Evaluating nurses' implementation of an infant-feeding counseling protocol for HIV-infected mothers: The Ban Study in Lilongwe, Malawi.
- Author
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Ferguson YO, Eng E, Bentley M, Sandelowski M, Steckler A, Randall-David E, Piwoz EG, Zulu C, Chasela C, Soko A, Tembo M, Martinson F, Tohill BC, Ahmed Y, Kazembe P, Jamieson DJ, van der Horst C, Adair L, Ahmed Y, Ait-Khaled M, Albrecht S, Bangdiwala S, Bayer R, Bentley M, Bramson B, Bobrow E, Boyle N, Butera S, Chasela C, Chavula C, Chimerang'ambe J, Chigwenembe M, Chikasema M, Chikhungu N, Chilongozi D, Chiudzu G, Chome L, Cole A, Corbett A, Corneli A, Duerr A, Eliya H, Ellington S, Eron J, Farr S, Ferguson YO, Fiscus S, Galvin S, Guay L, Heilig C, Hoffman I, Hooten E, Hosseinipour M, Hudgens M, Hurst S, Hyde L, Jamieson D, Joaki G, Jones D, Kacheche Z, Kamanga E, Kamanga G, Kampani C, Kamthunzi P, Kamwendo D, Kanyama C, Kashuba A, Kathyola D, Kayira D, Kazembe P, Knight R, Kourtis A, Krysiak R, Kumwenda J, Loeliger E, Luhanga M, Madhlopa V, Majawa M, Maida A, Marcus C, Martinson F, Thoofer N, Matika C, Mayers D, Mayuni I, McDonough M, Meme J, Merry C, Mita K, Mkomawanthu C, Mndala G, Mndala I, Moses A, Msika A, Msungama W, Mtimuni B, Muita J, Mumba N, Musis B, Mwansambo C, Mwapasa G, Nkhoma J, Pendame R, Piwoz E, Raines B, Ramdas Z, Rublein J, Ryan M, Sanne I, Sellers C, Shugars D, Sichali D, Snowden W, Soko A, Spensley A, Steens JM, Tegha G, Tembo M, Thomas R, Tien HC, Tohill B, van der Horst C, Waalberg E, Wiener J, Wilfert C, Wiyo P, Zgambo O, and Zimba C
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, HIV Infections transmission, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Malawi, Weaning, Breast Feeding, HIV Infections prevention & control, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical prevention & control, Nurse-Patient Relations, Patient Education as Topic methods
- Abstract
A process evaluation of nurses' implementation of an infant-feeding counseling protocol was conducted for the Breastfeeding, Antiretroviral and Nutrition (BAN) Study, a prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV clinical trial in Lilongwe, Malawi. Six trained nurses counseled HIV-infected mothers to exclusively breastfeed for 24 weeks postpartum and to stop breastfeeding within an additional four weeks. Implementation data were collected via direct observations of 123 infant feeding counseling sessions (30 antenatal and 93 postnatal) and interviews with each nurse. Analysis included calculating a percent adherence to checklists and conducting a content analysis for the observation and interview data. Nurses were implementing the protocol at an average adherence level of 90% or above. Although not detailed in the protocol, nurses appropriately counseled mothers on their actual or intended formula milk usage after weaning. Results indicate that nurses implemented the protocol as designed. Results will help to interpret the BAN Study's outcomes.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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