113 results on '"Mrazik, M"'
Search Results
2. A-12 Mental Health Outcomes for CFL Athletes with ADHD
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David, C V, primary, Varkovetski, M, additional, Wagner, R, additional, Ree-Fedun, Q, additional, Hansen, J, additional, Arends, T, additional, Naidu, D, additional, and Mrazik, M, additional
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- 2022
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3. A-37 Ocular Motor Impairments in Concussion Professional Football Players
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Ree-Fedun, Q, primary, Naidu, D, additional, Mrazik, M, additional, David, C, additional, Hansen, J, additional, Wagner, R, additional, and Arends, T, additional
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- 2022
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4. A-19 Distress Predicts Poorer Cognitive Performance At Post-Injury In Concussed Athletes
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Hansen, J, primary, Mrazik, M, additional, Wagner, R, additional, Ree-Fedun, Q, additional, David, C, additional, Arends, P, additional, Varkovestski, M, additional, and Naidu, D, additional
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- 2022
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5. A-49 Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool symptoms predict poorer mental health outcomes in college athletes
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Varkovetski, M, primary, Naidu, D, additional, Mosewich, A, additional, and Mrazik, M, additional
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- 2022
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6. Head Games: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Examining Concussion and Head Impact Incidence Rates, Modifiable Risk Factors, and Prevention Strategies in Youth Tackle Football
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Pankow, Mark Patrick, primary, Syrydiuk, R. A., additional, Kolstad, A. T., additional, Hayden, A. K., additional, Dennison, C. R., additional, Mrazik, M., additional, Hagel, B. E., additional, and Emery, C. A., additional
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- 2021
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7. A-50Differences in Attention Deficits in Adults with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder or Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
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Sanders, J and Mrazik, M
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- 2012
8. The impact of fitness level on self-report of concussion symptoms
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Lebrun, C, Mrazik, M, Naidu, D, Matthews-White, J, and Game, A
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- 2011
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9. A-23 Mental Health Outcomes of Elite Athletes Following Sport Related Concussion
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Hoyle, C, primary, Mrazik, M, additional, and Naidu, D, additional
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- 2020
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10. A - 21 Mental Health Outcomes of Elite Athletes Following Sport-Related Concussion: A Prospective Study
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Mrazik M
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Generalized anxiety disorder ,Mixed anxiety-depressive disorder ,General Medicine ,Football ,medicine.disease ,Mental health ,Sport related concussion ,Patient Health Questionnaire ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,medicine ,Anxiety ,medicine.symptom ,Prospective cohort study ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Objective The purpose of this research was to elucidate the short and long-term mental health outcomes following sport-related concussion (SRC) in a population of elite athletes. Methods Specifically, symptoms consistent with anxiety, depression, and psychological distress were investigated in a population of 196 male professional and collegiate football players ages 18 to 34 years old. All athletes completed self-report measures (PHQ-9, GAD-7, and BSI-18) at baseline. Athletes who sustained a SRC (n = 16) in season as well as musculoskeletal (MSK) (n = 13) and healthy control (n = 21) athletes completed the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 at three time points. Results Results from the study indicated that athletes with a history of one or more SRCs reported greater symptoms of depression (F(2, 193) = 10.88, p Conclusions Taken together, this research suggests that a history of SRC impacts baseline self-report of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress. Furthermore, athletes who sustain a SRC experience subtle increases in depression and anxiety symptoms in the short term that appear to be unique to concussion. However, the athletes’ self-reported depression and anxiety symptoms did not reach clinical levels and were short lived.
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- 2021
11. A - 29 Language Differences in Neurocognitive Scores and Symptom Report in Professional Football Players
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Arends P, Mrazik M, Wagner R, Varkovetski M, and Naidu D
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Football players ,First language ,General Medicine ,Football ,Acculturation ,Language differences ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Language proficiency ,Psychology ,Neuroscience of multilingualism ,Neurocognitive ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of language on neurocognitive test outcomes and concussion symptom ratings in professional football players. Methods Design/Setting - A retrospective cross-section analysis of 1546 male Canadian Football League (CFL) athletes was conducted using baseline data collected from the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) across the 2016–18 competitive seasons. Independent Variables - Participants (1546) were divided into three language categories, native English-speaking, bilingual – whose first language was English, and English as a second language (ESL). Years of education, age, and concussion history were entered as co-variates. Outcome Measure -The 5 Composite scores from ImPACT and the 22 symptoms from the post-concussion symptom scale (PCSS). Results Results of the MANCOVA showed no significant differences between language groups on any of the five ImPACT composite scores F(10, 3072) = 1.09, p = 0.36. The Kruskall-Wallis test revealed significant differences were found in three symptoms including dizziness [X2(2, 1486) = 32.85, p Conclusions This study suggests that cultural and linguistic differences should be considered when administering CNTs. While differences in cognitive outcomes have not been consistently found across studies, differences in baseline symptom reports have been consistently demonstrated. Information pertaining to a patient’s level of acculturation and language proficiency is important for examiners when working with diverse populations. Continuing to develop language-specific normative databases is encouraged.
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- 2021
12. A - 11 Are Self-Reported Cognitive Symptoms an Accurate Evaluation of Cognitive Functioning?
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Hansen J, Ree-Fedun Q, Varkovestski M, Wagner R, Arends P, Mrazik M, and Naidu D
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Cognitive Symptoms ,Cognition ,General Medicine ,Football ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Surgical Clearance ,Visual memory ,Calcaneofibular ligament ,Cognitive skill ,Psychology ,Self report ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether self-reports of cognitive symptoms were associated with cognitive test performances. Methods The sample included 112 Canadian Football League (CFL) athletes who were diagnosed using CFL concussion protocols. All participants underwent a cognitive assessment at baseline and prior to medical clearance. The battery included the immediate post-concussion assessment and cognitive testing (ImPACT) and The Post-Concussion Symptom Checklist. Results Self-reported cognitive symptoms and cognitive test performances were evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlations (rho; ρ). There were significant negative correlations between post-concussion verbal memory composite and the self-reported cognitive symptoms total (ρ = −0.22). Similar patterns were found for visual memory composite and the self-reported cognitive symptom total (ρ = −0.19). Paired-samples t-tests were used to assess differences between pre- and post-concussion scores. Cases were omitted if there were no pre- or post-test. If multiple concussions were sustained, the first assessment was used (n = 99). There was a significant difference between the pre- and post-test results between the subjective cognitive symptom total (t = −2.034, p > 0.05). Conclusions These outcomes suggest that CFL athletes report significantly higher cognitive symptoms following a concussion. Additionally, the pre-test subjective measures were not correlated to objective cognitive functioning. However, post-concussion subjective measures were negatively correlated with verbal and visual memory. This suggests that self-reports were more accurate at assessing their overall functioning following a concussion.
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- 2021
13. Workers’ recovery from concussions presenting to the emergency department
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Gaudet, L A, primary, Eliyahu, L, additional, Beach, J, additional, Mrazik, M, additional, Cummings, G, additional, Voaklander, D C, additional, and Rowe, B H, additional
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- 2019
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14. SCAT Symptom Recall Bias in Concussed Athletes
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Arends, P, primary, Wagner, R J S, additional, and Mrazik, M, additional
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- 2019
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15. P053: Mismatches in pre-injury activities and return-to-activity advice received by concussion patients presenting to the emergency department
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Gaudet, L., primary, Eliyahu, L., additional, Mrazik, M., additional, Beach, J., additional, Cummings, G., additional, Voaklander, D., additional, and Rowe, B., additional
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- 2019
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16. LO48: Similarities and differences between sports and recreation-related concussions and concussions from non-sport activities
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Gaudet, L., primary, Eliyahu, L., additional, Mrazik, M., additional, Beach, J., additional, Cummings, G., additional, Voaklander, D., additional, and Rowe, B., additional
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- 2019
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17. LO46: Sex-based differences in concussion symptom reporting and self-reported outcomes in a general adult ED population
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Gaudet, L. A., primary, Eliyahu, L., additional, Lowes, J., additional, Beach, J., additional, Mrazik, M., additional, Cummings, G., additional, Couperthwaite, S., additional, Voaklander, D., additional, and Rowe, B. H., additional
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- 2018
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18. LO95: A prospective evaluation of mild traumatic brain injuries in a working population in Edmonton, AB
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Gaudet, L., primary, Eliyahu, L., additional, Lowes, J., additional, Beach, J., additional, Mrazik, M., additional, Cummings, G., additional, Latoszek, K., additional, Carroll, L., additional, Holroyd, B.R., additional, and Rowe, B.H., additional
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- 2017
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19. P057: Diagnosis for mild traumatic brain injury in three Canadian emergency departments: missed opportunities
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Gaudet, L., primary, Eliyahu, L., additional, Lowes, J., additional, Beach, J., additional, Mrazik, M., additional, Cummings, G., additional, Latoszek, K., additional, Carroll, L., additional, Holroyd, B.R., additional, and Rowe, B.H., additional
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- 2017
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20. A-51 EYE-SYNC Saccade Outcomes and Health/Demographic Factors in CFL Athletes.
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Ree-Fedun, Q, Wagner, R, and Mrazik, M
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MALE athletes ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,LEARNING disabilities ,PROFESSIONAL athletes ,OLDER athletes ,ATHLETES ,AGE groups - Abstract
Purpose Examine the relationship between demographic and health factors, and oculomotor functioning during baseline testing in professional Canadian Football League (CFL) athletes. Methods 428 male athletes participated in baseline concussion testing. Athletes ranged in age from 21 to 40 years (M=26.44, SD=2.87) and reported a history of 0, 1, or 2+ sport-related concussions (SRCs). All athlete participants completed the Head Check questions of demographics and medical history, and the EYE-SYNC saccade test to explore how the presence of a history of concussions, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Learning Disability (LD), age, and post-exertion influenced baseline measures of oculomotor functioning using the EYE-SYNC saccade outcomes of accuracy and precision. Results Correlations revealed no significant relationships between combined vertical and horizontal saccade outcomes and the demographic/health variables (p>05). Independent t-tests indicated no significant differences in mean saccade performance between athletes with and without ADHD and/or LD (p>.05). A three-way multiple analysis of variance, run with age group and four saccade outcomes (LeftAccuracyXY, LeftPrecisionXY, RightAccuracyXY, RightPrecisionXY), showed no main effect of age group on the combined saccade outcomes F(8, 844)=.91, p=.50. Finally, a one-way repeated measures analysis of variance also revealed no significant differences from pre- to post-exertion assessments, F(4, 56)=.41, p=.80. Conclusions The oculomotor functioning of CFL athletes at baseline does not appear to be influenced by a history of concussion, ADHD, LD, age, or physical exertion. This information may help professionals with their clinical decision-making regarding SRC diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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21. THE RELATION BETWEEN SELF-EFFICACY, INJURY AND FEAR OF INJURY AMONG ELITE ATHLETES
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McCaffrey, A, primary, Mrazik, M, additional, and Klassen, R, additional
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- 2014
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22. SPORT CONCUSSION KNOWLEDGE BASE AND CURRENT PRACTICE– A SURVEY OF PHYSICIAN SECTIONS FROM THE ONTARIO MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
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Lebrun, C, primary, Mrazik, M, additional, Prasad, A, additional, Taylor, T, additional, and Jevremovic, T, additional
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- 2014
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23. Psychometric Properties and Reference Values for the ImPACT Neurocognitive Test Battery in a Sample of Elite Youth Ice Hockey Players
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McKay, C. D., primary, Brooks, B. L., additional, Mrazik, M., additional, Jubinville, A. L., additional, and Emery, C. A., additional
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- 2014
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24. Grand Rounds
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Fayolle, G., primary, Levick, W., additional, Lajiness-O'Neill, R., additional, Fastenau, P., additional, Briskin, S., additional, Bass, N., additional, Silva, M., additional, Critchfield, E., additional, Nakase-Richardson, R., additional, Hertza, J., additional, Loughan, A., additional, Perna, R., additional, Northington, S., additional, Boyd, S., additional, Anderson, A., additional, Peery, S., additional, Chafetz, M., additional, Maris, M., additional, Ramezani, A., additional, Sylvester, C., additional, Goldberg, K., additional, Constantinou, M., additional, Karekla, M., additional, Hall, J., additional, Edwards, M., additional, Balldin, V., additional, Strutt, A., additional, Pavlik, V., additional, Marquez de la Plata, C., additional, Cullum, M., additional, lacritz, l., additional, Reisch, J., additional, Massman, P., additional, Royall, D., additional, Barber, R., additional, Younes, S., additional, Wiechmann, A., additional, O'Bryant, S., additional, Patel, K., additional, Suhr, J., additional, Chari, S., additional, Yokoyama, J., additional, Bettcher, B., additional, Karydas, A., additional, Miller, B., additional, Kramer, J., additional, Zec, R., additional, Fritz, S., additional, Kohlrus, S., additional, Robbs, R., additional, Ala, T., additional, Gifford, K., additional, Cantwell, N., additional, Romano, R., additional, Jefferson, A., additional, Holland, A., additional, Newton, S., additional, Bunting, J., additional, Coe, M., additional, Carmona, J., additional, Harrison, D., additional, Puente, A., additional, Terry, D., additional, Faraco, C., additional, Brown, C., additional, Patel, A., additional, Watts, A., additional, Kent, A., additional, Siegel, J., additional, Miller, S., additional, Ernst, W., additional, Chelune, G., additional, Holdnack, J., additional, Sheehan, J., additional, Duff, K., additional, Pedraza, O., additional, Crawford, J., additional, Miller, L., additional, Hobson Balldin, V., additional, Benavides, H., additional, Johnson, L., additional, Tshuma, L., additional, Dezhkam, N., additional, Hayes, L., additional, Love, C., additional, Stephens, B., additional, Webbe, F., additional, Mulligan, K., additional, Dunham, K., additional, Shadi, S., additional, Sofko, C., additional, Denney, R., additional, Rolin, S., additional, Sibson, J., additional, Ogbeide, S., additional, Glover, M., additional, Warchol, A., additional, Hunter, B., additional, Nichols, C., additional, Riccio, C., additional, Cohen, M., additional, Dennison, A., additional, Wasserman, T., additional, Schleicher-Dilks, S., additional, Adler, M., additional, Golden, C., additional, Olivier, T., additional, LeMonda, B., additional, McGinley, J., additional, Pritchett, A., additional, Chang, L., additional, Cloak, C., additional, Cunningham, E., additional, Lohaugen, G., additional, Skranes, J., additional, Ernst, T., additional, Parke, E., additional, Thaler, N., additional, Etcoff, L., additional, Allen, D., additional, Andrews, P., additional, McGregor, S., additional, Daniels, R., additional, Hochsztein, N., additional, Miles-Mason, E., additional, Granader, Y., additional, Vasserman, M., additional, MacAllister, W., additional, Casto, B., additional, Patrick, K., additional, Hurewitz, F., additional, Chute, D., additional, Booth, A., additional, Koch, C., additional, Roid, G., additional, Balkema, N., additional, Kiefel, J., additional, Bell, L., additional, Maerlender, A., additional, Belkin, T., additional, Katzenstein, J., additional, Semerjian, C., additional, Culotta, V., additional, Band, E., additional, Yosick, R., additional, Burns, T., additional, Arenivas, A., additional, Bearden, D., additional, Olson, K., additional, Jacobson, K., additional, Ubogy, S., additional, Sterling, C., additional, Taub, E., additional, Griffin, A., additional, Rickards, T., additional, Uswatte, G., additional, Davis, D., additional, Sweeney, K., additional, Llorente, A., additional, Boettcher, A., additional, Hill, B., additional, Ploetz, D., additional, Kline, J., additional, Rohling, M., additional, O'Jile, J., additional, Holler, K., additional, Petrauskas, V., additional, Long, J., additional, Casey, J., additional, Duda, T., additional, Hodsman, S., additional, Stricker, S., additional, Martner, S., additional, Hansen, R., additional, Ferraro, F., additional, Tangen, R., additional, Hanratty, A., additional, Tanabe, M., additional, O'Callaghan, E., additional, Houskamp, B., additional, McDonald, L., additional, Pick, L., additional, Guardino, D., additional, Pietz, T., additional, Kayser, K., additional, Gray, R., additional, Letteri, A., additional, Crisologo, A., additional, Witkin, G., additional, Sanders, J., additional, Mrazik, M., additional, Harley, A., additional, Phoong, M., additional, Melville, T., additional, La, D., additional, Gomez, R., additional, Berthelson, L., additional, Robbins, J., additional, Lane, E., additional, Rahman, P., additional, Konopka, L., additional, Fasfous, A., additional, Zink, D., additional, Peralta-Ramirez, N., additional, Perez-Garcia, M., additional, Su, S., additional, Lin, G., additional, Kiely, T., additional, Schatzberg, A., additional, Keller, J., additional, Dykstra, J., additional, Feigon, M., additional, Renteria, L., additional, Fong, M., additional, Piper, L., additional, Lee, E., additional, Vordenberg, J., additional, Contardo, C., additional, Magnuson, S., additional, Doninger, N., additional, Luton, L., additional, Drane, D., additional, Phelan, A., additional, Stricker, W., additional, Poreh, A., additional, Wolkenberg, F., additional, Spira, J., additional, DeRight, J., additional, Jorgensen, R., additional, Fitzpatrick, L., additional, Crowe, S., additional, Woods, S., additional, Doyle, K., additional, Weber, E., additional, Cameron, M., additional, Cattie, J., additional, Cushman, C., additional, Grant, I., additional, Blackstone, K., additional, Moore, D., additional, Roberg, B., additional, Somogie, M., additional, Thelen, J., additional, Lovelace, C., additional, Bruce, J., additional, Gerstenecker, A., additional, Mast, B., additional, Litvan, I., additional, Hargrave, D., additional, Schroeder, R., additional, Buddin, W., additional, Baade, L., additional, Heinrichs, R., additional, Boseck, J., additional, Berry, K., additional, Koehn, E., additional, Davis, A., additional, Meyer, B., additional, Gelder, B., additional, Sussman, Z., additional, Espe-Pfeifer, P., additional, Musso, M., additional, Barker, A., additional, Jones, G., additional, Gouvier, W., additional, Johnson, V., additional, Zaytsev, L., additional, Freier-Randall, M., additional, Sutton, G., additional, Ringdahl, E., additional, Olsen, J., additional, Byrd, D., additional, Rivera-Mindt, M., additional, Fellows, R., additional, Morgello, S., additional, Wheaton, V., additional, Jaehnert, S., additional, Ellis, C., additional, Olavarria, H., additional, Loftis, J., additional, Huckans, M., additional, Pimental, P., additional, Frawley, J., additional, Welch, M., additional, Jennette, K., additional, Rinehardt, E., additional, Schoenberg, M., additional, Strober, L., additional, Genova, H., additional, Wylie, G., additional, DeLuca, J., additional, Chiaravalloti, N., additional, Ibrahim, E., additional, Seiam, A., additional, Bohlega, S., additional, Lloyd, H., additional, Goldberg, M., additional, Marceaux, J., additional, Fallows, R., additional, McCoy, K., additional, Yehyawi, N., additional, Luther, E., additional, Hilsabeck, R., additional, Fulton, R., additional, Stevens, P., additional, Erickson, S., additional, Dodzik, P., additional, Williams, R., additional, Dsurney, J., additional, Najafizadeh, L., additional, McGovern, J., additional, Chowdhry, F., additional, Acevedo, A., additional, Bakhtiar, A., additional, Karamzadeh, N., additional, Amyot, F., additional, Gandjbakhche, A., additional, Haddad, M., additional, Johnson, M., additional, Wade, J., additional, Harper, L., additional, Barghi, A., additional, Mark, V., additional, Christopher, G., additional, Marcus, D., additional, Spady, M., additional, Bloom, J., additional, Zimmer, A., additional, Miller, M., additional, Schuster, D., additional, Ebner, H., additional, Mortimer, B., additional, Palmer, G., additional, Happe, M., additional, Paxson, J., additional, Jurek, B., additional, Graca, J., additional, Meyers, J., additional, Lange, R., additional, Brickell, T., additional, French, L., additional, Iverson, G., additional, Shewchuk, J., additional, Madler, B., additional, Heran, M., additional, Brubacher, J., additional, Ivins, B., additional, Baldassarre, M., additional, Paper, T., additional, Herrold, A., additional, Chin, A., additional, Zgaljardic, D., additional, Oden, K., additional, Lambert, M., additional, Dickson, S., additional, Miller, R., additional, Plenger, P., additional, Sutherland, E., additional, Glatts, C., additional, Schatz, P., additional, Walker, K., additional, Philip, N., additional, McClaughlin, S., additional, Mooney, S., additional, Seats, E., additional, Carnell, V., additional, Raintree, J., additional, Brown, D., additional, Hodges, C., additional, Amerson, E., additional, Kennedy, C., additional, Moore, J., additional, Ferris, C., additional, Roebuck-Spencer, T., additional, Vincent, A., additional, Bryan, C., additional, Catalano, D., additional, Warren, A., additional, Monden, K., additional, Driver, S., additional, Chau, P., additional, Seegmiller, R., additional, Baker, M., additional, Malach, S., additional, Mintz, J., additional, Villarreal, R., additional, Peterson, A., additional, Leininger, S., additional, Strong, C., additional, Donders, J., additional, Merritt, V., additional, Vargas, G., additional, Rabinowitz, A., additional, Arnett, P., additional, Whipple, E., additional, Schultheis, M., additional, Robinson, K., additional, Iacovone, D., additional, Biester, R., additional, Alfano, D., additional, Nicholls, M., additional, Klas, P., additional, Jeffay, E., additional, Zakzanis, K., additional, Vandermeer, M., additional, Womble, M., additional, Corley, E., additional, Considine, C., additional, Fichtenberg, N., additional, Harrison, J., additional, Pollock, M., additional, Mouanoutoua, A., additional, Brimager, A., additional, Lebby, P., additional, Sullivan, K., additional, Edmed, S., additional, Kieffer, K., additional, McCarthy, M., additional, Wiegand, L., additional, Lindsey, H., additional, Hernandez, M., additional, Noniyeva, Y., additional, Lapis, Y., additional, Padua, M., additional, Poole, J., additional, Brooks, B., additional, McKay, C., additional, Meeuwisse, W., additional, Emery, C., additional, Mazur-Mosiewicz, A., additional, Sherman, E., additional, Kirkwood, M., additional, Gunner, J., additional, Miele, A., additional, Silk-Eglit, G., additional, Lynch, J., additional, McCaffrey, R., additional, Stewart, J., additional, Tsou, J., additional, Scarisbrick, D., additional, Chan, R., additional, Bure-Reyes, A., additional, Cortes, L., additional, Gindy, S., additional, Biddle, C., additional, Shah, D., additional, Jaberg, P., additional, Moss, R., additional, Horner, M., additional, VanKirk, K., additional, Dismuke, C., additional, Turner, T., additional, Muzzy, W., additional, Dunnam, M., additional, Warner, G., additional, Donnelly, K., additional, Donnelly, J., additional, Kittleson, J., additional, Bradshaw, C., additional, Alt, M., additional, Margolis, S., additional, Ostroy, E., additional, Higgins, K., additional, Eng, K., additional, Akeson, S., additional, Wall, J., additional, Davis, J., additional, Hansel, J., additional, Wang, B., additional, Gervais, R., additional, Greiffenstein, M., additional, Denning, J., additional, VonDran, E., additional, Campbell, E., additional, Brockman, C., additional, Teichner, G., additional, Waid, R., additional, Buican, B., additional, Armistead-Jehle, P., additional, Bailie, J., additional, Dilay, A., additional, Cottingham, M., additional, Boyd, C., additional, Asmussen, S., additional, Neff, J., additional, Schalk, S., additional, Jensen, L., additional, DenBoer, J., additional, Hall, S., additional, Holcomb, E., additional, Axelrod, B., additional, Demakis, G., additional, Rimland, C., additional, Ward, J., additional, Ross, M., additional, Bailey, M., additional, Stubblefield, A., additional, Smigielski, J., additional, Geske, J., additional, Karpyak, V., additional, Reese, C., additional, Larrabee, G., additional, Allen, L., additional, Celinski, M., additional, Gilman, J., additional, LaDuke, C., additional, DeMatteo, D., additional, Heilbrun, K., additional, Swirsky-Sacchetti, T., additional, Dedman, A., additional, Withers, K., additional, Deneen, T., additional, Fisher, J., additional, Spray, B., additional, Savage, R., additional, Wiener, H., additional, Tyer, J., additional, Ningaonkar, V., additional, Devlin, B., additional, Go, R., additional, Sharma, V., additional, Fontanetta, R., additional, Calderon, C., additional, Coad, S., additional, Fontaneta, R., additional, Vertinski, M., additional, Verbiest, R., additional, Snyder, J., additional, Kinney, J., additional, Rach, A., additional, Young, J., additional, Crouse, E., additional, Schretlen, D., additional, Weaver, J., additional, Buchholz, A., additional, Gordon, B., additional, Macciocchi, S., additional, Seel, R., additional, Godsall, R., additional, Brotsky, J., additional, DiRocco, A., additional, Houghton-Faryna, E., additional, Bolinger, E., additional, Hollenbeck, C., additional, Hart, J., additional, Lee, B., additional, Strauss, G., additional, Adams, J., additional, Martins, D., additional, Catalano, L., additional, Waltz, J., additional, Gold, J., additional, Haas, G., additional, Brown, L., additional, Luther, J., additional, Goldstein, G., additional, Kelley, E., additional, Raba, C., additional, Trettin, L., additional, Solvason, H., additional, Buchanan, R., additional, Baldock, D., additional, Etherton, J., additional, Phelps, T., additional, Richmond, S., additional, Tapscott, B., additional, Thomlinson, S., additional, Cordeiro, L., additional, Wilkening, G., additional, Parikh, M., additional, Graham, L., additional, Grosch, M., additional, Hynan, L., additional, Weiner, M., additional, Cullum, C., additional, Menon, C., additional, Lacritz, L., additional, Castro-Couch, M., additional, Irani, F., additional, Houshyarnejad, A., additional, Norman, M., additional, Fonseca, F., additional, Browne, B., additional, Alvarez, J., additional, Jiminez, Y., additional, Baez, V., additional, Resendiz, C., additional, Scott, B., additional, Farias, G., additional, York, M., additional, Lozano, V., additional, Mahoney, M., additional, Hernandez Mejia, M., additional, Pacheco, E., additional, Homs, A., additional, Ownby, R., additional, Nici, J., additional, Hom, J., additional, Lutz, J., additional, Dean, R., additional, Finch, H., additional, Pierce, S., additional, Moses, J., additional, Mann, S., additional, Feinberg, J., additional, Choi, A., additional, Kaminetskaya, M., additional, Pierce, C., additional, Zacharewicz, M., additional, Gavett, B., additional, Horwitz, J., additional, Ory, J., additional, Carbuccia, K., additional, Morra, L., additional, Garcon, S., additional, Lucas, M., additional, Donovick, P., additional, Whearty, K., additional, Campbell, K., additional, Camlic, S., additional, Brinckman, D., additional, Ehrhart, L., additional, Weisser, V., additional, Medaglia, J., additional, Merzagora, A., additional, Reckess, G., additional, Ho, T., additional, Testa, S., additional, Woolery, H., additional, Farcello, C., additional, Klimas, N., additional, Meyer, J., additional, Barwick, F., additional, Drayer, K., additional, Galusha, J., additional, Schmitt, A., additional, Livingston, R., additional, Stewart, R., additional, Quarles, L., additional, Pagitt, M., additional, Barke, C., additional, Baker, A., additional, Baker, N., additional, Cook, N., additional, Ahern, D., additional, Correia, S., additional, Resnik, L., additional, Barnabe, K., additional, Gnepp, D., additional, Benjamin, M., additional, Zlatar, Z., additional, Garcia, A., additional, Harnish, S., additional, Crosson, B., additional, Vaughan, L., additional, Fedio, A., additional, Sexton, J., additional, Cummings, S., additional, Logemann, A., additional, Lassiter, N., additional, Fedio, P., additional, Gremillion, A., additional, Nemeth, D., additional, Whittington, T., additional, Reckow, J., additional, Lewandowski, C., additional, Cole, J., additional, Lewandowski, A., additional, Spector, J., additional, Ford-Johnson, L., additional, Lengenfelder, J., additional, Sumowski, J., additional, Morse, C., additional, McKeever, J., additional, Zhao, L., additional, Leist, T., additional, Marcinak, J., additional, Piecora, K., additional, Al-Khalil, K., additional, Martin, P., additional, Thompson, L., additional, Kowalczyk, W., additional, Golub, S., additional, Lemann, E., additional, Piehl, J., additional, Rita, N., additional, Moss, L., additional, Nogin, R., additional, Drapeau, C., additional, Malm, S., additional, Armstrong, L., additional, Glidewell, R., additional, Orr, W., additional, Mears, G., additional, Allen, C., additional, Pierson, E., additional, Kavanaugh, B., additional, Tayim, F., additional, Llanes, S., additional, Poston, K., additional, Beathard, J., additional, Stolberg, P., additional, Jones, W., additional, Mayfield, J., additional, Weller, J., additional, Demireva, P., additional, McInerney, K., additional, Riddle, T., additional, Primus, M., additional, Highsmith, J., additional, Everhart, D., additional, Lehockey, K., additional, Sullivan, S., additional, Mandava, S., additional, Murphy, B., additional, Lalwani, L., additional, Rosselli, M., additional, Carrasco, R., additional, Zuckerman, S., additional, Brand, J., additional, Rivera Mindt, M., additional, Schaffer, S., additional, Alper, K., additional, Devinsky, O., additional, Barr, W., additional, Langer, K., additional, Fraiman, J., additional, Scagliola, J., additional, Roman, E., additional, Martinez, A., additional, Konopacki, K., additional, Juliano, A., additional, Whiteside, D., additional, Widmann, G., additional, Franzwa, M., additional, Sokal, B., additional, Morgan, E., additional, Bondi, M., additional, Delano-Wood, L., additional, Cormier, R., additional, Cumley, N., additional, Elek, M., additional, Green, M., additional, Kruger, A., additional, Pacheco, L., additional, Robinson, G., additional, Welch, H., additional, Parriott, D., additional, Loe, S., additional, Hughes, L., additional, Natta, L., additional, Quenicka, W., additional, McGoldirck, K., additional, Bennett, T., additional, Soper, H., additional, Collier, S., additional, Connolly, M., additional, Di Pinto, M., additional, Handel, E., additional, Davidson, K., additional, Livers, E., additional, Frantz, S., additional, Allen, J., additional, Jerard, T., additional, Sakhai, S., additional, Barney, S., additional, McGoldrick, K., additional, Sordahl, J., additional, Torrence, N., additional, and John, S., additional
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- 2012
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25. The Oral Trail Making Test: Effects of Age and Concurrent Validity
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Mrazik, M., primary, Millis, S., additional, and Drane, D. L., additional
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- 2010
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26. Neuropsychological assessment of college athletes
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Mrazik, M, primary
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- 2000
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27. Injury severity and neuropsychological and balance outcomes of 4 college athletes
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Mrazik, M, primary
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- 2000
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28. Neuropsychological assessment of collegiate football players
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Mrazik, M, primary
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- 1999
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29. Rates of birth complications and toxin exposure in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
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Nielsen, K. H., primary, Mrazik, M., additional, Hiemenz, J. R., additional, and Hynd, G. W., additional
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- 1999
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30. Abstracts from the Canadian Athletic Therapists Association: May 23–25, 2013, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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DeMont, Richard, Lau, BHF, Lafave, MR, Mohtadi, NG, Butterwick, DJ, Beech, C, Jones, DH, McCoy, H, Dover, G, Grace, C, Hanna, M, Saad, N, Robinson, V, Paris, D, DeMont, R, Adam, G, Di Girolamo, S, St-Onge, N, Dover, GC, Hurtubise, J, Beech, C, Saade, N, Rakeja, S, DeMont, RG, Camley, J, Parsons, JL, Porter, MM, Wells, KA, Jones, N, McElhiney, DS, Ragan, BG, Roumanis, MJ, Dover, GC, Lemke, N, Lebrun, CM, Mrazik, M, Matthews-White, J, Naidu, D, Prasad, A, Chicoine, N, Onofrio, MC, Dover, GC, Whyte, E, Richter, C, McCaffrey, N, Downey, M, Moran, K, Reed, N, Fait, P, Habib Perez, O, Zabjek, C, and Keightley, M
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- 2013
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31. Incidence of delayed intracranial hemorrhage in children after uncomplicated minor head injuries.
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Hamilton M, Mrazik M, and Johnson DW
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OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine the incidence of delayed diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage in the general population and the proportion of children who presented to emergency departments (EDs) with uncomplicated minor head injuries who received delayed diagnoses of intracranial hemorrhage. METHODS: This was an 8-year, retrospective, cohort study of children <14 years of age who presented to EDs in the Calgary Health Region between April 1992 and March 2000. Cases of uncomplicated minor head injuries and delayed diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage (intracranial hemorrhage not apparent until >/=6 hours after injury) were identified. RESULTS: An estimated 17 962 children (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17 412-18 511 children) with uncomplicated minor head injuries were evaluated at Calgary Health Region EDs. Two and 8 children were identified as having delayed diagnoses of intracranial hemorrhage with and without delayed deterioration in level of consciousness (Glasgow Coma Scale scores of <15), respectively. The proportions of children with uncomplicated minor head injuries with delayed diagnoses of intracranial hemorrhage with and without deterioration in level of consciousness were approximately 0.00% (0 of 17 962 children [upper limit of 95% CI: 0.02%]) and 0.03% (5 of 17 962 children [95% CI: 0.01%-0.07%]), respectively. On the basis of population data for the Calgary Health Region, the incidences of delayed diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage with and without deterioration in level of consciousness were 0.14 and 0.57 cases per 100 000 children per year, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of delayed diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage among children who present with uncomplicated minor head injuries is rare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
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32. Safe2Play in youth ice hockey: injury profile and risk factors in a 5-year Canadian longitudinal cohort study.
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Eliason PH, Galarneau JM, Babul S, Mrazik M, Bonfield S, Schneider KJ, Hagel BE, and Emery CA
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- Humans, Male, Female, Adolescent, Risk Factors, Child, Canada epidemiology, Prospective Studies, Longitudinal Studies, Incidence, Sex Factors, Brain Concussion epidemiology, Hockey injuries, Athletic Injuries epidemiology
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Introduction: Ice hockey is a popular global sport with growing participation for boys and girls yet remains a high-risk sport for injury. While the evidence for some risk factors, such as bodychecking policy is well established, other risk factors such as player sex have been understudied. The objectives of this study were to examine factors associated with rates of game-related injury, game-related injury resulting in >7 days of time-loss, and practice-related injury in youth ice hockey., Materials and Methods: Safe2Play was a five-year prospective cohort study (2013-2018). All injuries were identified using validated injury surveillance methodology. Multilevel Poisson regression (adjusting for cluster by team and including multiple imputation of missing covariates) was used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for player sex, age group, bodychecking policy, year of play, level of play, weight, previous injury within last 12 months, previous lifetime concussion history, and position., Results: A total of 4418 male and female ice hockey players (representing 6584 player-seasons) participating in under-13 (ages 11-12), under-15 (ages 13-14) and under-18 (ages 15-17) age groups were recruited. There were 1184 game-related and 182 practice-related injuries. Factors associated with game-related injury included female sex (IRR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.18-2.08), previous injury (IRR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.26-1.70) and lifetime concussion history (IRR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.23-1.62). Goaltenders had a lower rate of injury (IRR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.40-0.72) relative to forwards, as did players exposed to policy disallowing bodychecking in games (IRR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.35-0.55). Female sex (IRR = 1.90; 95% CI: 1.10-3.28) and lifetime concussion history were also significantly associated with practice-related injury (IRR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.08-2.18)., Conclusions: Based on data from a large 5-year Canadian youth ice hockey longitudinal cohort, several factors associated with injury were identified. Future injury prevention strategies should consider age, sex, previous concussion and injury history, and body checking leagues. Future research in female youth ice hockey including female-only leagues should be a priority to inform prevention strategies in this understudied population.
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- 2024
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33. Symptom Exacerbation and Adverse Events during a Randomized Trial of Early-stage Concussion Rehabilitation.
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Register-Mihalik JK, Guskiewicz KM, Marshall SW, McCulloch KL, Mihalik JP, Mrazik M, Murphy I, Naidu D, Ranapurwala SI, Schneider KJ, Gildner P, Salmon DM, Auton B, Bowman TG, Hall EE, Hynes LM, Jewell E, Ketcham CJ, Siler CW, Sullivan SJ, Kostogiannes V, and McCrea MA
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Context: Few studies utilize randomized clinical trials (RCT) to quantify clinical intervention safety of rehabilitation after sport-related concussion across sport levels., Objective: Describe symptom exacerbation and adverse events (AEs) associated with two concussion rehabilitation interventions., Design: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (XXX)., Setting: Sports medicine clinic and field settings., Participants: The RCT enrolled 251 concussed athletes (median age=20 years; female n=48) across 28 sites from New Zealand professional rugby (n=31), Canadian professional football (n=52), United States (U.S.)/Canadian colleges (n=128) and U.S. high schools (n=40)., Interventions: Two medically supervised interventions: 1) Enhanced Graded Exertion (EGE): international return to sport strategy and sport specific activities only (EGE-only n=119) and 2) Multidimensional Rehabilitation (MDR) followed by EGE: early symptom-directed exercises once symptoms were stable, followed by EGE after symptoms resolved (MDR+EGE n=132)., Main Outcome Measures: Primary outcomes were intrasession total symptom severity score exacerbation and significant intersession (increase 10+ severity points) sustained total symptom severity exacerbation, each measured with a Postconcussion Symptom Scale (132 total severity points on scale). Reported AEs were also described. Activity-based rehabilitation sessions (n=1437) were the primary analysis unit. Frequencies, proportions, medians, and Interquartile Ranges (IQRs) were calculated for outcomes by treatment group., Results: The 251 post-injury participants completed 1437 (MDR+EGE=819, EGE-only=618) activity-based intervention sessions. A total of 110 and 105 participants contributed data (those missing had no documented session data) to at least 1 activity-based session in the MDR+EGE and EGE-only arms respectively. Intrasession symptom exacerbations were equivilantly low in MDR+EGE and EGE-only arms (MDR+EGE: 16.7%, 95% CI:14.1%,19.1%; EGE-only: 15.7%, 95% CI: 12.8%,18.6%). In total, 9/819 MDR+EGE sessions (0.9%) and 1/618 EGE-only sessions (0.2%) resulted in a pre- to post-session symptom exacerbation beyond a 10+ severity point increase; 8/9 resolved to <10 points by the next session. Two study-related AEs (1 in each arm) were reported., Conclusions: Participants in MDR+EGE and EGE-only activities reported equivalently low rates of symptom exacerbation.
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- 2024
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34. Psychosocial Factors Associated With Time to Recovery After Concussion in Adolescent Ice Hockey Players.
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Luszawski CA, Plourde V, Sick SR, Galarneau JM, Eliason PH, Brooks BL, Mrazik M, Debert CT, Lebrun C, Babul S, Hagel BE, Dukelow SP, Schneider KJ, Emery CA, and Yeates KO
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- Humans, Adolescent, Male, Prospective Studies, Child, Female, Athletic Injuries psychology, Athletic Injuries rehabilitation, Alberta, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, British Columbia, Recovery of Function, Hockey injuries, Hockey psychology, Brain Concussion psychology, Brain Concussion rehabilitation, Return to Sport psychology
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Objective: To investigate the association between psychosocial factors and physician clearance to return to play (RTP) in youth ice hockey players after sport-related concussion., Design: Prospective cohort study, Safe to Play (2013-2018)., Setting: Youth hockey leagues in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada., Participants: Three hundred fifty-three ice hockey players (aged 11-18 years) who sustained a total of 397 physician-diagnosed concussions., Independent Variables: Psychosocial variables., Main Outcome Measures: Players and parents completed psychosocial questionnaires preinjury. Players with a suspected concussion were referred for a study physician visit, during which they completed the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT3/SCAT5) and single question ratings of distress and expectations of recovery. Time to recovery (TTR) was measured as days between concussion and physician clearance to RTP. Accelerated failure time models estimated the association of psychosocial factors with TTR, summarized with time ratios (TRs). Covariates included age, sex, body checking policy, days from concussion to the initial physician visit, and symptom severity at the initial physician visit., Results: Self-report of increased peer-related problems on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (TR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.02-1.19]), higher ratings of distress about concussion outcomes by participants (TR, 1.06 [95% CI, 1.01-1.11]) and parents (TR, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.01-1.09]), and higher parent ratings of distress about their child's well-being at the time of injury (TR, 1.06 [95% CI, 1.02-1.09]) were associated with longer recovery., Conclusions: Greater pre-existing peer-related problems and acute distress about concussion outcomes and youth well-being predicted longer TTR. Treatment targeting these psychosocial factors after concussion may promote recovery., Competing Interests: Brian Brooks receives royalties for the sales of the Pediatric Forensic Neuropsychology textbook (Oxford University Press), royalties for 3 pediatric neuropsychological tests [Child and Adolescent Memory Profile (ChAMP, Sherman and Brooks, 2015, PAR Inc), Memory Validity Profile (MVP, Sherman and Brooks, 2015, PAR Inc), and Multidimensional Everyday Memory Ratings for Youth (MEMRY, Sherman and Brooks, 2017, PAR Inc)], and has a private practice where he evaluates youth and professional hockey players with concussion. For the remaining authors, no conflicts of interest were noted. We acknowledge funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and Hotchkiss Brain Institute., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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35. Correction: Currie et al. Reality Check 2: The Cost-Effectiveness of Policy Disallowing Body Checking in Non-Elite 13- to 14-Year-Old Ice Hockey Players. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18 , 6322.
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Currie GR, Lee R, Palacios-Derflingher L, Hagel B, Black AM, Babul S, Mrazik M, Marshall DA, and Emery CA
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There was an error in our original publication [...].
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- 2024
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36. Factors Associated With Concussion Rates in Youth Ice Hockey Players: Data From the Largest Longitudinal Cohort Study in Canadian Youth Ice Hockey.
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Eliason P, Galarneau JM, Shill I, Kolstad A, Babul S, Mrazik M, Lebrun C, Dukelow S, Schneider K, Hagel B, and Emery C
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- Humans, Male, Adolescent, Female, Canada epidemiology, Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Studies, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Athletic Injuries diagnosis, Hockey injuries, Brain Concussion diagnosis
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Objectives: To examine factors associated with rates of game and practice-related concussion in youth ice hockey., Design: Five-year prospective cohort (Safe2Play)., Setting: Community arenas (2013-2018)., Participants: Four thousand eighteen male and 405 female ice hockey players (6584 player-seasons) participating in Under-13 (ages 11-12), Under-15 (ages 13-14), and Under-18 (ages 15-17) age groups., Assessment of Risk Factors: Bodychecking policy, age group, year of play, level of play, previous injury in the previous year, lifetime concussion history, sex, player weight, and playing position., Main Outcome Measurements: All game-related concussions were identified using validated injury surveillance methodology. Players with a suspected concussion were referred to a study sport medicine physician for diagnosis and management. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis including multiple imputation of missing covariates estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs)., Main Results: A total of 554 game and 63 practice-related concussions were sustained over the 5 years. Female players (IRR Female/Male = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.26-2.53), playing in lower levels of play (IRR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.10-1.77), and those with a previous injury (IRR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.88) or lifetime concussion history (IRR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.34-2.00) had higher rates of game-related concussion. Policy disallowing bodychecking in games (IRR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.40-0.72) and being a goaltender (IRR Goaltenders/Forwards = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.38-0.87) were protective against game-related concussion. Female sex was also associated with a higher practice-related concussion rate (IRR Female/Male = 2.63; 95% CI: 1.24-5.59)., Conclusions: In the largest Canadian youth ice hockey longitudinal cohort to date, female players (despite policy disallowing bodychecking), players participating in lower levels of play, and those with an injury or concussion history had higher rates of concussion. Goalies and players in leagues that disallowed bodychecking had lower rates. Policy prohibiting bodychecking remains an effective concussion prevention strategy in youth ice hockey., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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37. Are Self-Reported and Parent-Reported Attention Problems and Hyperactivity Associated With Higher Rates of Concussion in Youth Ice Hockey Players?
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Gerschman T, Brooks BL, Mrazik M, Eliason PH, Bonfield S, Yeates KO, Emery CA, and Schneider KJ
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- Child, Humans, Adolescent, Canada epidemiology, Prospective Studies, Self Report, Risk Factors, Incidence, Parents, Attention, Hockey injuries, Brain Concussion complications, Athletic Injuries epidemiology, Athletic Injuries etiology
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Objective: To examine the association between self-reported and parent-reported attention problems and hyperactivity and rates of injury and concussion in Canadian youth ice hockey players., Design: Secondary analyses of 2 prospective cohort studies., Setting: Canadian youth ice hockey teams., Participants: Ice hockey players (ages 11-17 years) were recruited by team, over 4 seasons (2011-2016). A combined 1709 players contributing 1996 player-seasons were analyzed (257 players participated in more than one season)., Assessment of Risk Factors: Data were collected from preseason baseline questionnaires, including child and parent proxy forms of the Behavior Assessment System for Children, second edition., Main Outcome Measures: Injury and concussion rates and incidence rate ratios (IRR) comparing players with and without self-identified or parent-identified attention problems and hyperactivity, adjusted for covariates (ie, body checking policy, previous injury/concussion, and age) and a random effect for team, were estimated using multiple multilevel negative binomial regression., Results: When analyzed continuously, rates of concussion increased with higher self-reported and parent-reported measures of attention problems [IRR SELF = 1.025; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.011-1.040; IRR PARENT = 1.032; 95% CI: 1.008-1.057]. Self-reported hyperactivity was significantly associated with concussion (IRR = 1.021; 95% CI: 1.007-1.035), but parent-reported hyperactivity was not (IRR = 1.005; 95% CI: 0.983-1.028). A T score ≥ 60 cutoff combining attention problems and hyperactivity scores (an estimate of probable attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder) was not significantly associated with rates of injury or concussion., Conclusions: Attention problems and hyperactivity may place youth ice hockey players at increased risk of concussion and injury. Preseason assessments could identify players for targeted concussion education and risk reduction strategies., Competing Interests: K. O. Yeates receives book royalties from Guilford Publications, Cambridge University Press, and Taylor & Francis, research grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and an editorial stipend from the American Psychological Association. B. L. Brooks reports the following conflict of interest: He is a coauthor of the Child and Adolescent Memory Profile (ChAMP, Sherman and Brooks, 2015, PAR, Inc), Memory Validity Profile (MVP; Sherman and Brooks, 2015, PAR, Inc), and Multidimensional Everyday Memory Ratings for Youth (MEMRY, Sherman and Brooks, 2017, PAR, Inc), and he receives royalties for the sales of these tests; he is a coeditor of the Pediatric Forensic Neuropsychology textbook (2012, Oxford University Press) and receives royalties for the sales of this book; and he has previously been provided with free test credits from CNS Vital Signs as an in-kind support for his research. Brian Brooks also acknowledges that he receives funding as a principal investigator, coinvestigator, and collaborator for research projects on concussion and has received honoraria for talks on concussion. For the remaining authors, none were declared., (Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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38. No association found between body checking experience and injury or concussion rates in adolescent ice hockey players.
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Eliason P, Hagel BE, Palacios-Derflingher L, Warriyar K V V, Bonfield S, Black AM, Babul S, Mrazik M, Lebrun C, and Emery C
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- Adolescent, Humans, Risk Factors, Incidence, Hockey injuries, Athletic Injuries epidemiology, Athletic Injuries etiology, Brain Concussion etiology
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Objectives: To compare rates of injury and concussion among U-15 (ages 13-14 years) ice hockey players playing in leagues allowing body checking, but who have a varying number of years of body checking experience., Methods: This 5-year longitudinal cohort included U-15 ice hockey players playing in leagues where policy allowed body checking. Years of body checking experience were classified based on national/local body checking policy. All ice hockey game-related injuries were identified using a validated injury surveillance methodology. Players with a suspected concussion were referred to a study sport medicine physician. Multiple multilevel Poisson regression analysis was performed, adjusting for important covariates and a random effect at a team level (offset by game exposure hours), to estimate injury and concussion incidence rate ratios (IRRs)., Results: In total, 1647 players participated, contributing 1842 player-seasons (195 players participating in two seasons). Relative to no body checking experience, no significant differences were found in the adjusted IRRs for game-related injury for players with 1 year (IRR=1.06; 95% CI: 0.77 to 1.45) or 2+ years (IRR=1.16; 95% CI: 0.74 to 1.84) body checking experience. Similarly, no differences were found in the rates of concussion for players with 1 year (IRR=0.92; 95% CI: 0.59 to 1.42) or 2+ years (IRR=0.69; 95% CI: 0.38 to 1.25) body checking experience., Conclusions: Among ice hockey players aged 13-14 years participating in leagues permitting body checking, the adjusted rates of all injury and concussion were not significantly different between those that had body checking experience and those that did not. Based on these findings, no association was found between body checking experience and rates of injury or concussion specifically in adolescent ice hockey., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
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- 2022
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39. Sports-Related Concussions in Adults Presenting to Canadian Emergency Departments.
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Rowe BH, Yang EH, Gaudet LA, Lowes J, Eliyahu L, Villa-Roel C, Beach J, Mrazik M, Cummings G, and Voaklander D
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- Adult, Canada epidemiology, Emergency Service, Hospital, Humans, Prospective Studies, Quality of Life, Athletic Injuries diagnosis, Athletic Injuries epidemiology, Athletic Injuries therapy, Brain Concussion diagnosis, Brain Concussion epidemiology, Brain Concussion therapy
- Abstract
Objective: To document the occurrence and recovery outcomes of sports-related concussions (SRCs) presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) in a community-based sample., Design: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted in 3 Canadian hospitals., Setting: Emergency Department., Patients: Adults (≥17 years) presenting with a concussion to participating EDs with a Glasgow Coma Scale score ≥13 were recruited., Interventions: Patient demographics (eg, age and sex), clinical characteristics (eg, history of depression or anxiety), injury characteristics (eg, injury mechanisms and loss of consciousness and duration), and ED management and outcomes (eg, imaging, consultations, and ED length of stay) were collected., Main Outcome Measures: Patients' self-reported persistent concussion symptoms, return to physical activity status, and health-related quality of life at 30 and 90 days after ED discharge., Results: Overall, 248 patients were enrolled, and 25% had a SRC. Patients with SRCs were younger and reported more physical activity before the event. Although most of the patients with SRCs returned to their normal physical activities at 30 days, postconcussive symptoms persisted in 40% at 90 days of follow-up. After adjustment, there was no significant association between SRCs and persistent symptoms; however, patients with concussion from motor vehicle collisions were more likely to have persistent symptoms., Conclusion: Although physically active individuals may recover faster after a concussion, patients returning to their physical activities before full resolution of symptoms are at higher risk of persistent symptoms and further injury. Patient-clinician communications and tailored recommendations should be encouraged to guide appropriate acute management of concussions., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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40. Bodychecking experience and rates of injury among ice hockey players aged 15-17 years.
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Eliason PH, Hagel BE, Palacios-Derflingher L, Warriyar V, Bonfield S, Black AM, Mrazik M, Lebrun C, and Emery CA
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- Adolescent, Humans, Incidence, Prospective Studies, Athletic Injuries epidemiology, Brain Concussion epidemiology, Hockey injuries
- Abstract
Background: Although high rates of injury occur in youth ice hockey, disagreements exist about the risks and benefits of permitting bodychecking. We sought to evaluate associations between experience with bodychecking and rates of injury and concussion among ice hockey players aged 15-17 years., Methods: We obtained data from a prospective cohort study of ice hockey players aged 15-17 years in Alberta who played in leagues that permitted bodychecking. We collected data over 3 seasons of play (2015/16-2017/18). We compared players based on experience with bodychecking (≤ 2 v. ≥ 3 yr), estimated using local and national bodychecking policy and region of play. We used validated methodology of ice hockey injury surveillance to identify all injuries related to ice hockey games and defined concussions according to the Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport., Results: We included 941 players who contributed to 1168 player-seasons, with 205 players participating in more than 1 season. Compared with players with 2 years or less of bodychecking experience, those with 3 or more years of experience had higher rates of all injury (adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] 2.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.57-4.14), injury with more than 7 days of time loss (adjusted IRR 2.65, 95% CI 1.50-4.68) and concussion (adjusted IRR 2.69, 95% CI 1.34-5.42)., Interpretation: Among ice hockey players aged 15-17 years who participated in leagues permitting bodychecking, more experience with bodychecking did not protect against injury. This provides further support for removing bodychecking from youth ice hockey., Competing Interests: Competing interests: No competing interests were declared., (© 2022 CMA Impact Inc. or its licensors.)
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- 2022
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41. Association between Sensation-Seeking Behaviors and Concussion-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, Perceived Norms, and Care-Seeking Behaviors among Collegiate Student-Athletes.
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Callahan CE, Kossman MK, Mihalik JP, Marshall SW, Gildner P, Kerr ZY, Cameron KL, Houston MN, Mrazik M, and Register-Mihalik JK
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- Athletes, Cross-Sectional Studies, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Sensation, Students, Athletic Injuries diagnosis, Brain Concussion diagnosis
- Abstract
There are limited data connecting personality and behavioral tendencies and traits related to concussion care-seeking/disclosure behaviors and minimal research exists surrounding the relationship between risky behaviors, sensation-seeking, and concussion-related outcomes. This study examined the association between sensation-seeking and a student-athlete's concussion-related knowledge, attitudes, perceived social norms, and concussion care-seeking/disclosure behaviors (intention to disclose concussion symptoms, perceived control over symptom disclosure, self-removal from play due to concussion symptoms, continued play with concussion symptoms, and disclosure of all concussions at the time of injury). The current study utilized a retrospective cohort of collegiate student-athletes at a single National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I institution. Separate multivariable linear regression models estimating mean differences (MD) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) estimated the association between sensation-seeking and concussion knowledge, concussion attitudes, and perceived social norms. Separate multivariable binomial regression models estimating adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and 95%CI estimated the association between sensation-seeking and intention to disclose concussion symptoms, perceived control over symptom disclosure, self-removal from play due to concussion symptoms, continued play with concussion symptoms, and disclosure of all concussions at the time of injury. All models were adjusted for sex, sport participation, and concussion history. Higher sensation-seeking was significantly associated with less favorable concussion attitudes (adjusted MD = -1.93; 95%CI = -3.04,-0.83), less favorable perceived social norms surrounding concussion (adjusted MD = -1.39; 95%CI = -2.06,-0.72), and continuing to play while experiencing concussion symptoms (adjusted PR = 1.50; 95%CI = 1.10, 2.06). Student-athletes with increased sensation-seeking could be at risk for failing to disclose a concussion, decreasing athlete safety and resulting in less optimal care post-injury. Results will inform future theory-based concussion education programs which consider behavioral tendencies and traits as well as sport culture to promote concussion care-seeking/disclosure and individualized interventions based on risky behavior engagement., (© Journal of Sports Science and Medicine.)
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- 2022
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42. Body checking in non-elite adolescent ice hockey leagues: it is never too late for policy change aiming to protect the health of adolescents.
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Emery CA, Eliason P, Warriyar V, Palacios-Derflingher L, Black AM, Krolikowski M, Spencer N, Sick S, Kozak S, Schneider KJ, Babul S, Mrazik M, Lebrun C, Goulet C, Macpherson A, and Hagel BE
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Aged, Alberta epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Policy, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Athletic Injuries epidemiology, Athletic Injuries prevention & control, Brain Concussion epidemiology, Brain Concussion prevention & control, Hockey
- Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of policy change disallowing body checking in adolescent ice hockey leagues (ages 15-17) on reducing rates of injury and concussion., Methods: This is a prospective cohort study. Players 15-17 years-old were recruited from teams in non-elite divisions of play (lower 40%-70% by division of play depending on year and city of play in leagues where policy permits or prohibit body checking in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada (2015-18). A validated injury surveillance methodology supported baseline, exposure-hours and injury data collection. Any player with a suspected concussion was referred to a study physician. Primary outcomes include game-related injuries, game-related injuries (>7 days time loss), game-related concussions and game-related concussions (>10 days time loss)., Results: 44 teams (453 player-seasons) from non-body checking and 52 teams (674 player-seasons) from body checking leagues participated. In body checking leagues there were 213 injuries (69 concussions) and in non-body checking leagues 40 injuries (18 concussions) during games. Based on multiple multilevel mixed-effects Poisson regression analyses, policy prohibiting body checking was associated with a lower rate of injury (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.38 (95% CI 0.24 to 0.6)) and concussion (IRR: 0.49; 95% CI 0.26 to 0.89). This translates to an absolute rate reduction of 7.82 injuries/1000 game-hours (95% CI 2.74 to 12.9) and the prevention of 7326 injuries (95% CI 2570 to 12083) in Canada annually., Conclusions: The rate of injury was 62% lower (concussion 51% lower) in leagues not permitting body checking in non-elite 15-17 years old leagues highlighting the potential public health impact of policy prohibiting body checking in older adolescent ice hockey players., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
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- 2022
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43. Sex-based differences in outcomes for adult patients presenting to the emergency department with a concussion.
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Rowe BH, Yang EH, Gaudet LA, Eliyahu L, Junqueira DR, Beach J, Mrazik M, Cummings G, and Voaklander D
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- Accidents, Traffic, Activities of Daily Living, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Brain Concussion epidemiology, Canada epidemiology, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Post-Concussion Syndrome epidemiology, Post-Concussion Syndrome therapy, Self Report, Sex Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Brain Concussion therapy
- Abstract
Objective: Patients with concussion frequently present to the emergency department (ED). Studies of athletes and children indicate that concussion symptoms are often more severe and prolonged in females compared with males. Given infrequent study of concussion symptoms in the general adult population, the authors conducted a sex-based comparison of patients with concussion., Methods: Adults (≥ 17 years of age) presenting with concussion to one of three urban Canadian EDs were recruited. Discharged patients were contacted by telephone 30 and 90 days later to capture the extent of persistent postconcussion symptoms using the Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ). A multivariate logistic regression model for persistent symptoms that included biological sex was developed., Results: Overall, 250 patients were included; 131 (52%) were women, and the median age of women was significantly higher than that of men (40 vs 32 years). Women had higher RPQ scores at baseline (p < 0.001) and the 30-day follow-up (p = 0.001); this difference resolved by 90 days. The multivariate logistic regression identified that women, patients having a history of sleep disorder, and those presenting to the ED with concussions after a motor vehicle collision were more likely to experience persistent symptoms., Conclusions: In a community concussion sample, inconsequential demographic differences existed between adult women and men on ED presentation. Based on self-reported and objective outcomes, work and daily activities may be more affected by concussion and persistent postconcussion symptoms for women than men. Further analysis of these differences is required to identify different treatment options and ensure adequate care and management of injury.
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- 2021
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44. Re-conceptualizing postural control assessment in sport-related concussion: Transitioning from the reflex/hierarchical model to the systems model.
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Manaseer TS, Gross DP, Mrazik M, Schneider K, and Whittaker JL
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- Humans, Reflex, Athletic Injuries physiopathology, Brain Concussion physiopathology, Models, Biological, Postural Balance physiology
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Background: While postural control impairment is common following sport-related concussion, few investigations have studied the physiological basis for this impairment. Both the Reflex/Hierarchical Model and the Systems Model are commonly used to characterize the physiological basis of postural control. Purpose: To discuss the physiological basis of postural control impairment resulting from sport-related concussion based on these models and suggest directions for future research. Methods: Narrative literature review. Findings: Postural control impairment seen with sport-related concussion is a multifaceted construct that can result from deficits in numerous systems that underlie postural control as described by the Systems Model, rather than a unidimensional construct that stems from the central nervous systems' inability to integrate sensory input to control posture as per the Reflex/Hierarchical Model. Conclusion: We recommend a transition away from the Hierarchical/Reflex Model of postural control towards the Systems Model in the conceptualization of sport-related concussion. Future research on postural control following sport-related concussion should account for the multifaceted nature of the resulting postural control impairment based on the Systems Model. Clinically, there is a need for a clinical postural control test that allows examination across the affected systems under single-task, dual-task, and sport-specific paradigms.
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- 2021
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45. Reality Check 2: The Cost-Effectiveness of Policy Disallowing Body Checking in Non-Elite 13- to 14-Year-Old Ice Hockey Players.
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Currie GR, Lee R, Palacios-Derflingher L, Hagel B, Black AM, Babul S, Mrazik M, Marshall DA, and Emery CA
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Humans, Incidence, Policy, Prospective Studies, Athletic Injuries epidemiology, Brain Concussion, Hockey
- Abstract
Sport-related injuries are the leading cause of injury in youth and are costly to the healthcare system. When body checking is disallowed in non-elite levels of Bantam (ages 13-14 years) ice hockey, the injury rate is reduced, but the impact on costs is unknown. This study compared rates of game injuries and costs among non-elite Bantam ice hockey leagues that disallow body checking to those that did not. Methods : An economic evaluation was conducted alongside a prospective cohort study comparing 608 players from leagues where body checking was allowed in games (Calgary/Edmonton 2014-2015, Edmonton 2015-2016) with 396 players from leagues where it was not allowed in games (Vancouver, Kelowna 2014-2015, Calgary in 2015-2016). The effectiveness measure was rate of game injuries per 1000 player-hours. Costs were estimated based on associated healthcare use within the publicly funded healthcare system as well as privately paid healthcare costs. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was conducted using bootstrapping. Results: Disallowing body checking reduced the rate of injuries by 4.32 per 1000 player-hours (95% CI -6.92, -1.56) and reduced public and total healthcare system costs by $1556 (95% CI -$2478, -$559) and $1577 (95% CI -$2629, -$500) per 1000 player-hours, respectively. These finding were robust in over 99% of iterations in sensitivity analyses in the public healthcare and the total healthcare system perspectives. There was no statistically significant difference in privately paid healthcare costs (-$65 per 1000 player-hours (95% CI -$220, $99)). Interpretation: Disallowing body checking in non-elite 13-14-year-old ice hockey nationally would prevent injuries and reduce public healthcare costs.
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- 2021
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46. Factors Associated With Clinical Recovery After Concussion in Youth Ice Hockey Players.
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Emery CA, Warriyar Kv V, Black AM, Palacios-Derflingher L, Sick S, Debert C, Brooks BL, Yeates KO, Mrazik M, Lebrun C, Hagel BE, Dukelow S, and Schneider KJ
- Abstract
Background: The identification of factors associated with clinical recovery in youth after sports-related concussion could improve prognostication regarding return to play (RTP)., Purpose: To assess factors associated with clinical recovery after concussion in youth ice hockey players., Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2., Methods: Participants were part of a larger longitudinal cohort study (the Safe to Play study; N = 3353). Included were 376 ice hockey players (age range, 11-17 years) from teams in Calgary and Edmonton, Canada, with 425 physician-diagnosed ice hockey-related concussions over 5 seasons (2013-2018). Any player with a suspected concussion was referred to a sports medicine physician for diagnosis, and a Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) form was completed. Time to clinical recovery was based on time between concussion and physician clearance to RTP. Two accelerated failure time models were used to estimate days to RTP clearance: model 1 considered symptom severity according to the SCAT3/SCAT5 symptom evaluation score (range, 0-132 points), and model 2 considered responses to individual symptom evaluation items (eg, headache, neck pain, dizziness) of none/mild (0-2 points) versus moderate/severe (3-6 points). Other covariates were time to physician first visit (≤7 and >7 days), age group (11-12, 13-14, and 15-17 years), sex, league type (body checking and no body checking), tandem stance (modified Balance Error Scoring System result ≥4 errors out of 10), and number of previous concussions (0, 1, 2, and ≥3)., Results: The complete case analysis (including players without missing covariates) included 329 players (366 diagnosed concussions). The median time to clinical recovery was 18 days. In model 1, longer time to first physician visit (>7 days) (time ratio [TR], 1.637 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.331-1.996]) and greater symptom severity (TR, 1.016 [95% CI, 1.012-1.020]) were significant predictors of longer clinical recovery. In model 2, longer time to first physician visit (TR, 1.698 [95% CI, 1.399-2.062]), headache (moderate/severe) (TR, 1.319 [95% CI, 1.110-1.568]), and poorer tandem stance (TR, 1.249 [95% CI, 1.052-1.484]) were significant predictors of longer clinical recovery., Conclusion: Medical clearance to RTP was longer for players with >7 days to physician assessment, poorer tandem stance, greater symptom severity, and moderate/severe headache at first visit., Competing Interests: One or more of the authors has declared the following potential conflict of interest or source of funding: The Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre is one of the International Research Centres for Prevention of Injury and Protection of Athlete Health supported by the International Olympic Committee. We acknowledge funding from Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Alberta Innovates Health Solutions, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, and Alberta Children’s Hospital Foundation. AOSSM checks author disclosures against the Open Payments Database (OPD). AOSSM has not conducted an independent investigation on the OPD and disclaims any liability or responsibility relating thereto., (© The Author(s) 2021.)
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- 2021
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47. Concussion Burden, Recovery, and Risk Factors in Elite Youth Ice Hockey Players.
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Schneider KJ, Nettel-Aguirre A, Palacios-Derflingher L, Mrazik M, Brooks BL, Woollings K, Blake T, McKay C, Lebrun C, Barlow K, Taylor K, Lemke N, Meeuwisse WH, and Emery CA
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Alberta epidemiology, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, Prospective Studies, Youth Sports injuries, Athletic Injuries epidemiology, Brain Concussion epidemiology, Hockey injuries
- Abstract
Objective: To examine rates of concussion and more severe concussion (time loss of greater than 10 days) in elite 13- to 17-year-old ice hockey players., Methods: This is a prospective cohort study (Alberta, Canada). Bantam (13-14 years) and Midget (15-17 years) male and female elite (top 20% by division of play) youth ice hockey players participated in this study. Players completed a demographic and medical history questionnaire and clinical test battery at the beginning of the season. A previously validated injury surveillance system was used to document exposure hours and injury during one season of play (8 months). Players with a suspected ice hockey-related concussion were referred to the study sport medicine physicians for assessment. Time loss from hockey participation was documented on an injury report form., Results: Overall, 778 elite youth ice hockey players (659 males and 119 females; aged 13-17 years) participated in this study. In total, 143 concussions were reported. The concussion incidence rate (IR) was 17.60 concussions/100 players (95% CI, 15.09-20.44). The concussion IR was 1.31 concussions/1000 player-hours (95% CI, 1.09-1.57). Time loss of greater than 10 days was reported in 74% of cases (106/143), and 20% (n = 28) had time loss of greater than 30 days., Conclusions: Concussion is a common injury in elite youth ice hockey players. In this study population, a large proportion of concussions (74%) resulted in a time loss of greater than 10 days, possibly reflecting more conservative management or longer recovery in youth athletes.
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- 2021
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48. Does disallowing body checking in non-elite 13- to 14-year-old ice hockey leagues reduce rates of injury and concussion? A cohort study in two Canadian provinces.
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Emery C, Palacios-Derflingher L, Black AM, Eliason P, Krolikowski M, Spencer N, Kozak S, Schneider KJ, Babul S, Mrazik M, Lebrun CM, Goulet C, Macpherson A, and Hagel BE
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Canada epidemiology, Cohort Studies, Female, Hockey legislation & jurisprudence, Humans, Incidence, Male, Motor Skills, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Brain Concussion epidemiology, Brain Concussion prevention & control, Hockey injuries, Policy
- Abstract
Objective: To compare rates of injury and concussion among non-elite (lowest 60% by division of play) Bantam (ages 13-14 years) ice hockey leagues that disallow body checking to non-elite Bantam leagues that allow body checking., Methods: In this 2-year cohort study, Bantam non-elite ice hockey players were recruited from leagues where policy allowed body checking in games (Calgary/Edmonton 2014-2015, Edmonton 2015-2016) and where policy disallowed body checking (Kelowna/Vancouver 2014-2015, Calgary 2015-2016). All ice hockey game-related injuries resulting in medical attention, inability to complete a session and/or time loss from hockey were identified using valid injury surveillance methodology. Any player suspected of having concussion was referred to a study physician for diagnosis and management., Results: 49 body checking (608 players) and 33 non-body checking teams (396 players) participated. There were 129 injuries (incidence rate (IR)=7.98/1000 hours) and 54 concussions (IR=3.34/1000 hours) in the body checking teams in games. After policy change, there were 31 injuries (IR=3.66/1000 hours) and 17 concussions (IR=2.01/1000 hours) in games. Policy disallowing body checking was associated with a lower rate of all injury (adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR)=0.44; 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.74). The point estimate showed a lower rate of concussion (adjusted IRR=0.6; 95% CI: 0.31 to 1.18), but this was not statistically significant., Conclusion: Policy change disallowing body checking in non-elite Bantam ice hockey resulted in a 56% lower rate of injury. There is growing evidence that disallowing body checking in youth ice hockey is associated with fewer injuries., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
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- 2020
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49. Methodology and Implementation of a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) for Early Post-concussion Rehabilitation: The Active Rehab Study.
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Register-Mihalik JK, Guskiewicz KM, Marshall SW, McCulloch KL, Mihalik JP, Mrazik M, Murphy I, Naidu D, Ranapurwala SI, Schneider K, Gildner P, and McCrea M
- Abstract
Background: Sports-related concussion (SRC) is a complex injury with heterogeneous presentation and management. There are few studies that provide guidance on the most effective and feasible strategies for recovery and return to sports participation. Furthermore, there have been no randomized studies of the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of early rehabilitation strategies across multiple sports and age groups. This international cluster-randomized pragmatic trial evaluates the effectiveness of early multi-dimensional rehabilitation integrated with the current return to sport strategy vs. the current return to sport strategy alone. Methods: The study is a cluster-randomized pragmatic trial enrolling male and female athletes from 28 sites. The sites span three countries, and include multiple sports, levels of play (high school, college, and professional), and levels of contact. The two study arms are Enhanced Graded Exertion (EGE) and Multidimensional Rehabilitation (MDR). The EGE arm follows the current return to sport strategy and the MDR arm integrates early, MDR strategies in the context of the current return to sport strategy. Each arm employs a post-injury protocol that applies to all athletes from that site in the event they sustain a concussion during their study enrollment. Participants are enrolled at pre-season baseline. Assessment timepoints include pre-season baseline, time of injury (concussion), 24-48 h post-injury, asymptomatic, and 1-month post-injury. Symptoms and activity levels are tracked post injury through the return to play process and beyond. Injury and recovery characteristics are obtained for all participants. Primary endpoints include time to medical clearance for full return to sport and time to become asymptomatic. Secondary endpoints include symptom, neurocognitive, mental status, balance, convergence insufficiency, psychological distress, and quality of life trajectories post-injury. Discussion: Outputs from the trial are expected to inform both research and clinical practice in post-concussion rehabilitation across all levels of sport and extend beyond civilian medicine to care for military personnel. Ethics and Dissemination: The study is approved by the data coordinating center Institutional Review Board and registered at clinicaltrials.gov. Dissemination will include peer-reviewed publications, presentation to patients and public groups, as well as dissemination in other healthcare and public venues of interest. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02988596 Trial Funding: National Football League., (Copyright © 2019 Register-Mihalik, Guskiewicz, Marshall, McCulloch, Mihalik, Mrazik, Murphy, Naidu, Ranapurwala, Schneider, Gildner, McCrea and Active Rehab Study Consortium Investigators.)
- Published
- 2019
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50. King Devick computerized neurocognitive test scores in professional football players with learning and attentional disabilities.
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Mrazik M, Naidu D, Borza C, Kobitowich T, and Shergill S
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- Adult, Athletic Injuries psychology, Brain Concussion psychology, Canada, Female, Football, Humans, Male, Mental Status and Dementia Tests, Young Adult, Athletes psychology, Athletic Injuries diagnosis, Attention physiology, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity psychology, Brain Concussion diagnosis, Cognition physiology, Learning Disabilities psychology
- Abstract
Objective: This study examined outcomes from the King Devick (K-D) in athletes with Learning Disabilities (LD) and attention disorders (ADHD)., Methods: A total of 574 professional football players from the Canadian Football League (CFL) completed baseline evaluations with computerized neurocognitive testing (CNT) prior to the 2016 competitive season. Player age, education, history of concussion, LD, and ADHD were analyzed for K-D and Immediate Post Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) performance. A series of analyses of co-variance (ANCOVA's) were used to compare participants with a history of LD and ADHD with history of concussion as a co-variate., Results: Approximately 5% of participants reported a diagnosed history of LD and 13% with ADHD. Performance on the K-D test was not significantly correlated with age, education, or history of concussion but was significantly correlated with history of LD and ADHD. Participants with LD performed approximately 6.9 s slower on the K-D test (t[563] = 4.70, p. = 0.0003) and participants with ADHD were approximately 2 s slower (t[572] = 2.04, p. = 0.04)., Conclusions: Results indicated that players with a history of diagnosed LD and ADHD performed slower on the K-D test in comparison to athletes with no history of diagnoses. The results of this study underscore the importance of recognizing individualized outcomes when using the K-D., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
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