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1. Spontaneous spin chirality reversal and competing phases in the topological magnet EuAl$_4$

Author

Vibhakar, A. M., Khalyavin, D. D., Orlandi, F., Moya, J. M., Lei, S., Morosan, E., and Bombardi, A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

We demonstrate the spontaneous reversal of spin chirality in a single crystal sample of the intermetallic magnet EuAl$_4$. We solve the nanoscopic nature of each of the four magnetically phases of EuAl$_4$ using resonant magnetic x-ray scattering, and demonstrate all four phases order with single-k incommensurate magnetic modulation vectors. Below 15.4 K the system forms a spin density modulated spin structure where the spins are orientated in the ab plane perpendicular to the orientation of the magnetic propagation vector. Below 13.2 K a second spin density wave orders with moments aligned parallel to the c-axis, such that the two spin density wave orders coexist. Below 12.2 K a magnetic helix of a single chirality is stabilised across the entire sample. Below 10 K the chirality of the magnetic helix reverses, and the sample remains a single chiral domain. Concomitant with the establishment of the helical magnetic ordering is the lowering of the crystal symmetry to monoclinic, as evidenced the formation of uniaxial charge and spin strip domains. A group theoretical analysis demonstrates that below 12.2 K the symmetry lowers to polar monoclinic, which is necessary to explain the observed asymmetry in the chiral states of the magnetic helix and the spin chiral reversal. We find that in every magnetically ordered phase of EuAl4 the in-plane moment is perpendicular to the orientation of the magnetic propagation vector, which we demonstrate is favoured by magnetic dipolar interactions., Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures

Published
2024

2. Phonon softening and atomic modulations in EuAl$_4$

Author

Korshunov, A. N., Sukhanov, A. S., Gebel, S., Pavlovskii, M. S., Andriushin, N. D., Gao, Y., Moya, J. M., Morosan, E., and Rahn, M. C.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

EuAl$_4$ is a rare earth intermetallic in which competing itinerant and/or indirect exchange mechanisms give rise to a complex magnetic phase diagram, including a centrosymmetric skyrmion lattice. These phenomena arise not in the tetragonal parent structure but in the presence of a charge density wave (CDW), which lowers the crystal symmetry and renormalizes the electronic structure. Microscopic knowledge of the corresponding atomic modulations and their driving mechanism is a prerequisite for a deeper understanding of the resulting equilibrium of electronic correlations and how it might be manipulated. Here, we use synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction, inelastic X-ray scattering, and lattice dynamics calculations to clarify the origin of the CDW in EuAl$_4$. We observe a broad softening of a transverse acoustic phonon mode that sets in well above room temperature and, at $T_\mathrm{CDW}=142$ K, freezes out in an atomic displacement mode described by the superspace group $Immm(00\gamma)s00$. In the context of previous work, our observation is a clear confirmation that the CDW in EuAl$_4$ is driven by electron-phonon coupling. This result is relevant for a wider family of BaAl$_4$ and ThCr$_2$Si$_2$-type rare-earth intermetallics known to combine CDW instabilities and complex magnetism.

Published
2024

3. Toward Ultra-Low-Power Remote Health Monitoring: An Optimal and Adaptive Compressed Sensing Framework for Activity Recognition

Author

Pagan, J., Fallahzadeh, R., Pedram, M., Risco-Martín, José L., Moya, J. M., Ayala, J. L., and Ghasemzadeh, H.

Subjects
Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture
Abstract

Activity recognition, as an important component of behavioral monitoring and intervention, has attracted enormous attention, especially in Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) and Remote Health Monitoring (RHM) paradigms. While recently resource constrained wearable devices have been gaining popularity, their battery life is limited and constrained by the frequent wireless transmission of data to more computationally powerful back-ends. This paper proposes an ultra-low power activity recognition system using a novel adaptive compressed sensing technique that aims to minimize transmission costs. Coarse-grained on-body sensor localization and unsupervised clustering modules are devised to autonomously reconfigure the compressed sensing module for further power saving. We perform a thorough heuristic optimization using Grammatical Evolution (GE) to ensure minimal computation overhead of the proposed methodology. Our evaluation on a real-world dataset and a low power wearable sensing node demonstrates that our approach can reduce the energy consumption of the wireless data transmission up to $81.2\%$ and $61.5\%$, with up to $60.6\%$ and $35.0\%$ overall power savings in comparison with baseline and a naive state-of-the-art approaches, respectively. These solutions lead to an average activity recognition accuracy of $89.0\%$ -- only $4.8\%$ less than the baseline accuracy -- while having a negligible energy overhead of on-node computation.

Published
2023
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4. Competing charge and magnetic order in the candidate centrosymmetric skyrmion host EuGa$_2$Al$_2$

Author

Vibhakar, A. M., Khalyavin, D. D., Moya, J. M., Manuel, P., Orlandi, F., Lei, S., Morosan, E., and Bombardi, A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

Eu(Ga$_{1-x}$Al$_x$)$_4$ are centrosymmetric systems that have recently been identified as candidates to stabilise topologically non-trivial magnetic phases, such as skyrmion lattices. In this Letter, we present a high-resolution resonant x-ray and neutron scattering study on EuAl2Ga2 that provides new details of the complex coupling between the electronic ordering phenomena. Our results unambiguously demonstrate that the system orders to form a spin density wave with moments aligned perpendicular to the direction of the propagation vector, and upon further cooling, a cycloid with moments in the ab plane, in contrast to what has been reported in the literature. We show that concomitant with the onset of the spin density wave is the suppression of the charge order, indicative of a coupling between the localised 4$f$ electrons and itinerant electron density. Furthermore we demonstrate that the charge density wave order breaks the four-fold symmetry present in the I4/mmm crystal structure, thus declassifying these systems as square-net magnets., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023
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5. Charge neutral fermions and magnetic field driven instability in insulating YbIr$_3$Si$_7$

Author

Sato, Y., Suetsugu, S., Tominaga, T., Kasahara, Y., Kasahara, S., Kobayashi, T., Kitagawa, S., Ishida, K., Peters, R., Shibauchi, T., Nevidomskyy, A. H., Qian, L., Moya, J. M., Morosan, E., and Matsuda, Y.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

Materials where localized magnetic moments are coupled to itinerant electrons, the so-called Kondo lattice materials, provide a very rich backdrop for strong electron correlations. They are known to realize many exotic phenomena, including unconventional superconductivity, strange metals, and correlated topological phases of matter. Here, we report what appears to be electron fractionalization in insulating Kondo lattice material YbIr$_3$Si$_7$, with emergent neutral excitations that carry heat but not electric current and contribute to metal-like specific heat. We show that these neutral particles change their properties as the material undergoes a transformation between two antiferromagnetic phases in an applied magnetic field. In the low-field AF-I phase, we find that the low temperature linear specific heat coefficient $\gamma$ and the residual linear term in the thermal conductivity $\kappa/T(T\rightarrow 0)$ are finite, demonstrating itinerant gapless excitations. These results, along with a spectacular violation of the Wiedemann-Franz law, directly indicate that YbIr$_3$Si$_7$ is a charge insulator but a thermal metal. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum reveals a spin-flop transition to a high field AF-II phase. Near the transition field, $\gamma$ is significantly enhanced. Most surprisingly, inside the AF-II phase, $\kappa/T$ exhibits a sharp drop below $\sim300$ mK, indicating either opening of a tiny gap or a linearly vanishing density of states. This finding demonstrates a transition from a thermal metal into an insulator/semimetal driven by the spin-flop magnetic transition. These results suggest that spin degrees of freedom directly couple to the neutral fermions, whose emergent Fermi surface undergoes a field-driven instability at low temperatures., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures

Published
2021
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6. Charge-neutral fermions and magnetic field-driven instability in insulating YbIr3Si7

Author

Sato, Y., Suetsugu, S., Tominaga, T., Kasahara, Y., Kasahara, S., Kobayashi, T., Kitagawa, S., Ishida, K., Peters, R., Shibauchi, T., Nevidomskyy, A. H., Qian, L., Moya, J. M., Morosan, E., and Matsuda, Y.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Multidisciplinary, Electronic properties and materials, Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Magnetic properties and materials, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, General Chemistry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article
Abstract

Materials where localized magnetic moments are coupled to itinerant electrons, the so-called Kondo lattice materials, provide a very rich backdrop for strong electron correlations. They are known to realize many exotic phenomena, including unconventional superconductivity, strange metals, and correlated topological phases of matter. Here, we report what appears to be electron fractionalization in insulating Kondo lattice material YbIr$_3$Si$_7$, with emergent neutral excitations that carry heat but not electric current and contribute to metal-like specific heat. We show that these neutral particles change their properties as the material undergoes a transformation between two antiferromagnetic phases in an applied magnetic field. In the low-field AF-I phase, we find that the low temperature linear specific heat coefficient $\gamma$ and the residual linear term in the thermal conductivity $\kappa/T(T\rightarrow 0)$ are finite, demonstrating itinerant gapless excitations. These results, along with a spectacular violation of the Wiedemann-Franz law, directly indicate that YbIr$_3$Si$_7$ is a charge insulator but a thermal metal. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum reveals a spin-flop transition to a high field AF-II phase. Near the transition field, $\gamma$ is significantly enhanced. Most surprisingly, inside the AF-II phase, $\kappa/T$ exhibits a sharp drop below $\sim300$ mK, indicating either opening of a tiny gap or a linearly vanishing density of states. This finding demonstrates a transition from a thermal metal into an insulator/semimetal driven by the spin-flop magnetic transition. These results suggest that spin degrees of freedom directly couple to the neutral fermions, whose emergent Fermi surface undergoes a field-driven instability at low temperatures., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures

Published
2022

7. Detecting Bad-Mouthing Attacks on Reputation Systems Using Self-Organizing Maps

Author

Banković, Z., Vallejo, J. C., Fraga, D., Moya, J. M., Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Herrero, Álvaro, editor, and Corchado, Emilio, editor

Published
2011
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8. Detecting Unknown Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Clustering Techniques

Author

Banković, Z., Moya, J. M., Vallejo, J. C., Fraga, D., Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Goebel, Randy, editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, editor, Corchado, Emilio, editor, Kurzyński, Marek, editor, and Woźniak, Michał, editor

Published
2011
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18. Symptom severity and quality of life in the management of vulvovaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women

Author

Nick, Panaya, Santiago, Palacios, Nico, Bruyniks, Martire, Particco, Nappi, Rossella E., Argudo, Prieto, Baqueda, L., Becorpi, A. M., Benedetti Panici, P., Benedetto, C., Biglia, N., Busacca, M., Cagnacci, A., Calleja Abu-Amshah, J., Cancelo Hidalgo, M. J., Castelo Branco i Flores, C., Cianci, A., Cicinelli, E., Coronado Martin, P., Correa Rancel, M., De Seta, F., Di Carlo, C., Fernández Abellán, M., Fernández Moya, J. M., Gambacciani, M., García Alfaro, P., González Fernández, M., González Rodríguez, S., Guida, M., Iglesias Bravo, E., Llaneza Coto, P., Luisi, S., Manubens Grau, M., Marchesoni, D., Marín Sánchez, P., Mendoza Ladrón de Guevara, N., Nappi, R., Otero García- Ramos, B., Paoletti, A. M., Palacios, S., Pellegrino, A., Presa Lorite, J. C., Remorgida, V., Salvatore, S., Sánchez Borrego, R., Sánchez Méndez, S., Seracchioli, R., Stomati, M., Surico, N., Vázquez Fernández, F., and P. Villa.

Subjects
Quality of life, medicine.medical_specialty, Hormone Replacement Therapy, Cross-sectional study, Sexual Behavior, Sexual function, medicine.medical_treatment, Severity of Illness Index, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vulva, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Internal medicine, Severity of illness, Non-hormonal treatment, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, business.industry, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hormone replacement therapy (menopause), Middle Aged, Postmenopause, Distress, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dyspareunia, Treatment Outcome, Settore MED/40 - GINECOLOGIA E OSTETRICIA, medicine.anatomical_structure, Vagina, Vulvovaginal atrophy, Female, Hormonal treatment, Atrophy, Symptom Assessment, business
Abstract

To evaluate the association between treatments for vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) and symptom frequency and severity, quality of life (QoL) and sexual functioning in postmenopausal women.Cross-sectional survey conducted in postmenopausal women aged 45-75 years. Data on demographic and clinical variables, as well as vaginal, vulvar and urinary symptoms were collected. The EuroQoL questionnaire (EQ5D3L), the Day-to-Day Impact of Vaginal Aging (DIVA), the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the Female Sexual Distress Scale - revised (FSDS-R) were filled out.Association between treatments for VVA and symptom frequency.Women on VVA treatment presented with more severe symptoms. The sexual function score was higher in the treated women (FSFI: 15.6 vs 16.7; p = 0.010), as was the score for sexual distress (FSDS-R: 9.2 vs 12.3, p 0.0005). The systemic hormone group presented with fewer VVA symptoms, lower vaginal impact (DIVA), and better sexual function (FSFI and FSDS-R) and vaginal health. The rates of sexual distress and vulvar atrophy were higher in the non-hormonal treatment group. No significant differences were found according to treatment duration.Postmenopausal women with VVA receiving treatment complained of more severe symptoms than those untreated. Women on systemic treatment had fewer and milder VVA symptoms and presented with better vaginal and vulvar health than women on other treatments. Many women request effective local treatment too late, when VVA symptoms are already severe. Our data suggest that VVA treatments should ideally be initiated when symptoms commence and cause distress, rather than later, when symptoms may have become more severe and even a cause of intolerable distress for the woman.

Published
2019

19. RELOAD+REFRESH: Abusing Cache Replacement Policies to Perform Stealthy Cache Attacks

Author

Briongos, S., Malagón, P., Moya, J. M., and Thomas Eisenbarth

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Hardware_MEMORYSTRUCTURES, Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
Abstract

Caches have become the prime method for unintended information extraction across logical isolation boundaries. Even Spectre and Meltdown rely on the cache side channel, as it provides great resolution and is widely available on all major CPU platforms. As a consequence, several methods to stop cache attacks by detecting them have been proposed. Detection is strongly aided by the fact that observing cache activity of co-resident processes is not possible without altering the cache state and thereby forcing evictions on the observed processes. In this work, we show that this widely held assumption is incorrect. Through clever usage of the cache replacement policy it is possible to track a victims process cache accesses without forcing evictions on the victim's data. Hence, online detection mechanisms that rely on these evictions can be circumvented as they do not detect be the introduced RELOAD+REFRESH attack. The attack requires a profound understanding of the cache replacement policy. We present a methodology to recover the replacement policy and apply it to the last five generations of Intel processors. We further show empirically that the performance of RELOAD+REFRESH on cryptographic implementations is comparable to that of other widely used cache attacks, while its detectability becomes extremely difficult, due to the negligible effect on the victims cache access pattern.

Published
2019
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20. Cardiorespiratory fitness cutoff points for early detection of present and future cardiovascular risk in children: A 2-year follow-up study

Author

Castro-Piñero, José, Perez-Bey, Alejandro, Segura-Jiménez, Víctor, Aparicio, Virginia A., Gómez Martínez, Sonia, Izquierdo-Gómez, Rocío, Marcos, Ascensión, Ruiz, Jonatan R., Veiga, Óscar, Bandres, Fernando, Martínez Gómez, D., Carbonell-Baeza, Ana, Santiago, Catalina, Nova, Esther, Díaz, L. E., Zapatera, Belén, Veses, Ana M., Hernández, Aurora, Gheorghe, Alina, Mora-Vicente, Jesus, Gonzalez-Montesinos, Jose L., Conde-Caveda, Julio, Ortega, F. B., Padilla-Moledo, Carmen, Chillón, P., Rosario Fernández-Santos, Jorge del, Gonzalez Galo, Ana, Bellvis Guerra, Gonzalo, Delgado Alfonso, Alvaro, Parrilla, Fernando, Gomez, Roque, Gavala, Juan, Villagra, H. Ariel, Campo, Juan del, Cordente, Carlos, Díaz, Mario, Tejero-González, Carlos M., Acha, Aitor, Moya, J. M., Sanz, Alberto, Cabanas-Sánchez, Verónica, Rodriguez-Romo, Gabriel, Garcia-Cervantes, Laura, Esteban-Cornejo, Irene, Lucia, Alejandro, Gómez-Gallego, Félix, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), and Ministerio de Educación (España)

Abstract

On behalf of the UP&DOWN Study Group., [Objective]: To examine the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) at baseline and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in 6- to 10-year-olds (cross-sectional) and 2 years later (8- to 12-year-olds [longitudinal]) and whether changes with age in CRF are associated with CVD risk in children aged 8 to 12 years. [Patients and Methods]: Spanish primary schoolchildren (n=236) aged 6 to 10 years participated at baseline. Of the 23 participating primary schools, 22% (n=5) were private schools and 78% (n=18) were public schools. The dropout rate at 2-year follow-up was 9.7% (n=23). The 20-m shuttle run test was used to estimate CRF. The CVD risk score was computed as the mean of 5 CVD risk factor standardized scores: sum of 2 skinfolds, systolic blood pressure, insulin/glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. [Results]: At baseline, CRF was inversely associated with single CVD risk factors (all P0.85; P, This work was supported by grant DEP 2010-21662-C04-00 (DEP 2010-21662-C04-01: DEP 2010-21662-C04-02: DEP 2010-21662-C04-03: DEP 2010-21662-C04-04) from the National Plan for Research: Development and Innovation (R+D+i) MICINN and by grant FPU15/05337 from the Spanish Ministry of Education.

Published
2017

21. Associations of physical activity and fitness with adipocytokines in adolescents: The AFINOS study

Author

Martínez Gómez, D., Eisenmann, Joey C., Gómez Martínez, Sonia, Veses, Ana M., Romeo, J., Veiga, Óscar, Marcos, Ascensión, Calle, M. Elisa, Villagra, H. Ariel, Regidor, E., Esteban-Gonzalo, L., Campo, Juan del, Moya, J. M., Zapatera, Belén, Nova, Esther, Wärnberg, Julia, Díaz, L. E., Pozo Rubio, Tamara, and Puertollano, M. Ángeles

Subjects
Leptin, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Waist, Adolescent, Health Status, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Physical fitness, Medicine (miscellaneous), Adipokine, Motor Activity, Body Mass Index, Adipokines, Internal medicine, Electric Impedance, medicine, Humans, Muscle, Skeletal, Adiposity, Analysis of Variance, Chi-Square Distribution, Nutrition and Dietetics, Hand Strength, Adiponectin, business.industry, Cardiorespiratory fitness, Actigraphy, Cross-Sectional Studies, Endocrinology, Physical Fitness, Spain, Exercise Test, Linear Models, Female, Waist Circumference, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Body mass index, Bioelectrical impedance analysis, Biomarkers, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists
Abstract

Background and aims: Adipocytokines may have a key role in the development of atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to examine the independent and joint associations of physical activity (PA), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness (MF) with adiponectin and leptin in adolescents. Methods and results: A sample of 198 adolescents (96 girls), aged 13-17-year, was selected. Participants completed anthropometric measurements (height, weight, and waist circumference) and percentage of body fat (%BF) was estimated by bioelectrical impedance. PA was measured by accelerometer for 7-day. The 20-m shuttle-run test was used to assess CRF and two MF tests (handgrip strength and standing broad jump) were used to create an MF score. A cluster score of health status (0-3 risks) was created. Serum adiponectin and plasma leptin were also determined. Regression analyses controlling for age, sex, pubertal status and waist circumference showed that PA was not significantly associated with adiponectin and vigorous PA showed a significant inverse association with leptin. Both CRF and MF were significantly and inversely associated with adiponectin and leptin. Further analyses revealed that the 'healthy' group (0 risks) had significantly lower adiponectin and leptin than 'medium-healthy' (1 risk) and 'unhealthy' (2-3 risks) status groups. Conclusions: PA, CRF and MF are inversely and jointly associated with adiponectin and leptin concentrations in adolescents. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.

Published
2012
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22. Perceived environment in relation to objective and self-reported physical activity in Spanish youth. The UP&DOWN study

Author

García Cervantes, Laura, Rodríguez Romo, Gabriel, Esteban Cornejo, Irene, Cabañas Sánchez, Verónica, Delgado Alfonso, Álvaro, Castro-Piñero, José, Veiga, Óscar Luis, Marcos, Ascensión, Gómez Martínez, Sonia, Nova Rebato, Esther, Díaz, E. L., Zapatera, B., Veses, A. M., Mujico, J. R., Hernández, A., Gheorghe, A., Mora Vicente, J., González Montesinos, J. L., Conde Caveda, J., Ruiz, J. R., Ortega, Francisco B., Moledo, C. P., Carbonell-Baeza, Ana, Chillón, P., Fernández, J. R., Galo, A. G., Guerra, G. B., Parrilla, F., Gómez, R., Gavala, J., Ariel Villagra, H., Campo Vecino, Juan del, Cordente, C., Díaz, M., Tejero González, Carlos María, Acha, Aitor, Moya, J. M., Sanz, A., Martínez-Gómez, David, Izquierdo-Gómez, Rocío, Bandrés Moya, Fernando, Lucía Mulas, Alejandro, Santiago Dorrego, Catalina, Gómez Gallego, Félix, and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)

Subjects
Male, Adolescent, genetic structures, Cross-sectional study, Joven, media_common.quotation_subject, Physical activity, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Salud, Bivariate analysis, Environment, Adolescents, Logistic regression, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Residence Characteristics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Perception, Accelerometry, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Adolescentes - Salud e higiene, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Perceived environment, Exercise, Children, Neighbourhood (mathematics), media_common, Niños - Salud e higiene, Cross-Sectional Studies, El Niño, Spain, Niño, Linear Models, Self Report, Neighbourhood, Psychology, psychological phenomena and processes, Clinical psychology
Abstract

On behalf of the UP & DOWN Study Group: Coordinator: Ascension Marcos. Principal Investigators: Ascension Marcos, Oscar L. Veiga, Jose Castro-Piñero, and Fernando Bandrés. Scientific Coordinators: David Martinez-Gomez (chair), Jonatan R. Ruiz (co-chair), Ana Carbonell-Baeza, Sonia Gomez-Martinez, and Catalina Santiago. Spanish National Research Council: Ascension Marcos, Sonia Gomez-Martinez, Esther Nova, Esperanza L. Diaz, Belén Zapatera, Ana M. Veses, Jorge R. Mujico, and Alina Gheorghe. Autonomous University of Madrid: Oscar L. Veiga, H. Ariel Villagra, Juan del-Campo, Carlos Cordente (UPM), Mario Diaz, Carlos M. Tejero, Aitor Acha, Jose M. Moya, Alberto Sanz, David Martinez-Gomez, Veronica Cabanas-Sanchez, Gabriel Rodriguez-Romo (UPM), Rocio Izquierdo-Gomez, Laura Garcia-Cervantes, and Irene Esteban-Cornejo. University of Cadiz: José Castro-Piñero, Jesús Mora-Vicente, José L. González-Montesinos, Julio Conde-Caveda, Francisco B. Ortega (UGR), Jonatan R. Ruiz (UGR), Carmen Padilla Moledo, Ana Carbonell Baeza, Palma Chillón (UGR), Jorge del Rosario Fernández, Ana González Galo, Gonzalo Bellvís Guerra, Álvaro Delgado Alfonso, Fernando Parrilla, Roque Gómez, and Juan Gavala. Complutense University of Madrid: Fernando Bandrés, Alejandro Lucia (UEM), Catalina Santiago (UEM), and Felix Gómez-Gallego (UEM)., The aims of the present study were to assess the association of environmental perception with objective and self-reported physical activity (PA) and the relation between environmental perception and meeting PA recommendations on children and adolescents. A sample of 1520 youth (770 boys) aged 8-18 years (12.1 ± 2.5 years) from the UP&DOWN study were included in the data analyses. Environmental perception was assessed with the short adapted version of the ALPHA environmental questionnaire. PA was objectively (accelerometers) and self-reported measured (PA Questionnaire for Children, Patient-centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise Questionnaire and Finnish PA Index). Linear regression models were used to assess the association of environmental perception with PA. Bivariate logistic regression models were used to assess differences between environmental perception and meeting PA recommendations. Environmental perception was positively associated with both objective and self-reported PA. Some differences were found in the association of environmental perception and PA between sex-and age-specific groups. Youth who perceived a more favourable environment were more likely to meet PA recommendations (at least 60 min · day of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA)). Results suggest that environmental perceptions of children and adolescents may play an important role in achieving higher levels of PA., This work was supported by the National Plan for Research, Development and Innovation (R + D + i) MICINN [grant number DEP 2010-21662-C04-00].

Published
2016

23. Cardiorespiratory fitness cutoff points for early detection of present and future cardiovascular risk in children: A 2-year follow-up study

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Ministerio de Educación (España), Castro-Piñero, José, Pérez-Bey, Alejandro, Segura-Jiménez, Víctor, Aparicio, Virginia A., Gómez-Martínez, Sonia, Izquierdo-Gómez, Rocío, Marcos, Ascensión, Ruiz, Jonatan R., Veiga, Óscar, Bandres, Fernando, Martínez-Gómez, David, Carbonell-Baeza, Ana, Santiago, Catalina, Nova, Esther, Díaz-Prieto, Ligia E., Zapatera, Belén, Veses, Ana M., Hernández, Aurora, Gheorghe, Alina, Mora-Vicente, Jesus, Gonzalez-Montesinos, Jose L., Conde-Caveda, Julio, Ortega, F. B., Padilla-Moledo, Carmen, Chillón, P., Rosario Fernández-Santos, Jorge del, Gonzalez Galo, Ana, Bellvis Guerra, Gonzalo, Delgado Alfonso, Alvaro, Parrilla, Fernando, Gomez, Roque, Gavala, Juan, Villagra, H. Ariel, Campo, Juan del, Cordente, Carlos, Díaz, Mario, Tejero-González, Carlos M., Acha, Aitor, Moya, J. M., Sanz, Alberto, Cabanas-Sánchez, Verónica, Rodriguez-Romo, Gabriel, Garcia-Cervantes, Laura, Esteban-Cornejo, Irene, Lucia, Alejandro, Gómez-Gallego, Félix, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Ministerio de Educación (España), Castro-Piñero, José, Pérez-Bey, Alejandro, Segura-Jiménez, Víctor, Aparicio, Virginia A., Gómez-Martínez, Sonia, Izquierdo-Gómez, Rocío, Marcos, Ascensión, Ruiz, Jonatan R., Veiga, Óscar, Bandres, Fernando, Martínez-Gómez, David, Carbonell-Baeza, Ana, Santiago, Catalina, Nova, Esther, Díaz-Prieto, Ligia E., Zapatera, Belén, Veses, Ana M., Hernández, Aurora, Gheorghe, Alina, Mora-Vicente, Jesus, Gonzalez-Montesinos, Jose L., Conde-Caveda, Julio, Ortega, F. B., Padilla-Moledo, Carmen, Chillón, P., Rosario Fernández-Santos, Jorge del, Gonzalez Galo, Ana, Bellvis Guerra, Gonzalo, Delgado Alfonso, Alvaro, Parrilla, Fernando, Gomez, Roque, Gavala, Juan, Villagra, H. Ariel, Campo, Juan del, Cordente, Carlos, Díaz, Mario, Tejero-González, Carlos M., Acha, Aitor, Moya, J. M., Sanz, Alberto, Cabanas-Sánchez, Verónica, Rodriguez-Romo, Gabriel, Garcia-Cervantes, Laura, Esteban-Cornejo, Irene, Lucia, Alejandro, and Gómez-Gallego, Félix

Abstract

[Objective]: To examine the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) at baseline and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in 6- to 10-year-olds (cross-sectional) and 2 years later (8- to 12-year-olds [longitudinal]) and whether changes with age in CRF are associated with CVD risk in children aged 8 to 12 years. [Patients and Methods]: Spanish primary schoolchildren (n=236) aged 6 to 10 years participated at baseline. Of the 23 participating primary schools, 22% (n=5) were private schools and 78% (n=18) were public schools. The dropout rate at 2-year follow-up was 9.7% (n=23). The 20-m shuttle run test was used to estimate CRF. The CVD risk score was computed as the mean of 5 CVD risk factor standardized scores: sum of 2 skinfolds, systolic blood pressure, insulin/glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. [Results]: At baseline, CRF was inversely associated with single CVD risk factors (all P<.05) and CVD risk score at baseline and follow-up (P<.001). Cardiorespiratory fitness cutoff points of 39.0 mL/kg per minute or greater in boys and 37.5 mL/kg per minute or greater in girls are discriminative to identify CVD risk in childhood (area under the curve, >0.85; P<.001) and to predict CVD risk 2 years later (P=.004). Persistent low CRF or the decline of CRF from 6-10 to 8-12 years of age is associated with increased CVD risk at age 8 to 12 years (P<.001). [Conclusion]: During childhood, CRF is a strong predictor of CVD risk and should be monitored to identify children with potential CVD risk.

Published
2017

24. Objectively measured and self-reported leisure-time sedentary behavior and academic performance in youth: The UP & DOWN Study

Author

Esteban Cornejo, Irene, Martínez-Gómez, David, Sallis, J. F., Cabañas Sánchez, Verónica, Fernández Santos, J., Castro-Piñero, José, Veiga, Óscar Luis, Marcos, Ascensión, Bandrés Moya, Fernando, Ruiz, J. R., Carbonell-Baeza, Ana, Gómez Martínez, Sonia, Nova Rebato, Esther, Díaz, E. L., Zapatera, B., Veses, A. M., Mujico, J. R., Gheorghe, A., Villagra, H., Campo Vecino, Juan del, Cordente, C., Díaz, M., Tejero González, Carlos María, Acha, Aitor, Moya, J. M., Sanz, A., Rodríguez Romo, Gabriel, Izquierdo-Gómez, Rocío, García Cervantes, Laura, Mora Vicente, J., González Montesinos, J. L., Conde Caveda, J., Ortega, Francisco B., Moledo, C. P., Chillón, P., Rosario Fernández, J. del, Galo, A. G., Guerra, G. B., Alfonso, Á. D., Parrilla, F., Gómez, R., Gavala, J., Lucía Mulas, Alejandro, Santiago Dorrego, Catalina, Gómez Gallego, Félix, and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)

Subjects
Gerontology, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Epidemiology, Leisure time, Child Behavior, Salud, Academic achievement, Sitting, Leisure Activities, Negatively associated, accelerometry, Medicine, Humans, Active listening, Longitudinal Studies, Child, Niños, Exercise, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, sitting, Sedentary behavior, television, leisure-time, academic achievement, children and adolescents, Adolescent Behavior, Spain, Niño, Adolescencia, Physical therapy, Educational Status, Female, Self Report, Sedentary Behavior, business
Abstract

On behalf of UP & DOWN Study Group., [Objective]: To examine the associations of (i) objectively measured and self-reported sedentary behavior during leisure time with academic performance and (ii) patterns of sedentary behavior with academic performance., [Methods]: This study was conducted with 1146 youth aged 12.5 ± 2.5 years in Spain during 2011–2012. Leisure-time sedentary behavior during out-of-school hours was assessed by accelerometry and self-report. Academic performance was assessed through school grades., [Results]: Objectively measured sedentary leisure-time was not significantly associated with academic performance. Time spent in Internet surfing, listening to music, and sitting without doing anything were negatively associated with all academic performance indicators (β ranging from − 0.066 to − 0.144; all p < 0.05). However, time spent in doing homework/study without computer and reading for fun were positively associated (β ranging from 0.058 to 0.154; all p < 0.05). Five major sedentary patterns were identified. The “high social-low TV/video” and the “low studying-high TV/video” patterns were negatively associated with all academic indicators (β ranging from − 0.085 to − 0.148; all p < 0.05). The “educational” pattern was positively associated with all academic indicators (β ranging from 0.063 to 0.105; all p < 0.05)., [Conclusions]: Specific domains of self-reported sedentary behavior during leisure-time, but not objectively measured sedentary leisure time, may influence academic performance., The UP&DOWN Study was supported by the DEP 2010-21662-C04-00 grant from the National Plan for Research, Development and Innovation (R + D + i) MICINN.

Published
2015

26. Associations of physical activity with muscular fitness in adolescents

Author

Martínez Gómez, D., Welk, Gregory J., Puertollano, M. Ángeles, Campo, Juan del, Moya, J. M., Marcos, Ascensión, and Veiga, Óscar

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the associations between objectively assessed physical activity (PA) and muscular fitness (MF) in adolescents, and to determine whether only resistance training exercise is associated with the increase of MF. A sample of 211 Spanish adolescents (105 girls) wore the ActiGraph monitor for 7 days. Participants also completed a fitness evaluation including three MF tests (handgrip strength, a 60-s abdominal test and a standing broad jump), a cardiorespiratory fitness assessment and anthropometric measures. A standardized MF score was computed using the three muscular tests. Adolescent participation in resistance training was self-reported. Linear regression showed that only vigorous PA was significantly (P=0.041) and positively (β=0.133) associated with MF after adjustment by gender, age, pubertal status, BMI, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Significant differences in MF were found between youth in the lowest and upper tertiles of vigorous PA. Moreover, adolescents who were involved in resistance training had significantly higher MF scores compared with youth in low and medium tertiles of vigorous PA, but no significant differences were found when compared with non-lifters from the highest tertile of vigorous PA (P=0.356). These findings suggest that vigorous activity may be associated with indicators of MF in adolescents. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

Published
2011

29. Obesidad en la mujer

Author

Riobó,P., Fernández Bobadilla,B., Kozarcewski,M., and Fernández Moya,J. M.

Subjects
Mujer, Obesidad
Abstract

La obesidad se ha convertido en un importante problema de salud pública en todos los países desarrollados. En las mujeres adquiere unas connotaciones ligeramente diferentes debido, además de a la mayor prevalencia, a que el bajo nivel socioeconómico es factor de riesgo sólo en la mujer. Además de ser factor de riesgo cardiovascular en la mujer se asocia a una aumento del riesgo de cáncer de mama y de endometrio y a poliquistosis ovárica e infertilidad. En las mujeres el control de peso tiene una fuerte motivación estética y presenta importantes componentes emocionales en relación con la comida. Por otra parte, la mujer es mayor consumidora de fármacos (anticonceptivos, analgésicos, antimigrañosos, ansiolíticos, antidepresivos), que parecen favorecer la obesidad. Queda por aclarar el papel que tienen en la patogénesis de la obesidad los cambios hormonales cíclicos, el embarazo, la ingesta de anticonceptivos orales y la menopausia. El efecto del tratamiento hormonal sustitutivo como causa de la ganancia de peso es dudoso.

Published
2003

30. Associations of physical activity and fitness with adipocytokines in adolescents: The AFINOS study

Author

Martínez-Gómez, David, Eisenmann, Joey C., Gómez-Martínez, Sonia, Veses, Ana M., Romeo, J., Veiga, Óscar, Marcos, Ascensión, Calle, M. Elisa, Villagra, H. Ariel, Regidor, E., Esteban-Gonzalo, L., Campo, Juan del, Moya, J. M., Zapatera, Belén, Nova, Esther, Wärnberg, Julia, Díaz-Prieto, Ligia E., Pozo Rubio, Tamara, Puertollano, M. Ángeles, Martínez-Gómez, David, Eisenmann, Joey C., Gómez-Martínez, Sonia, Veses, Ana M., Romeo, J., Veiga, Óscar, Marcos, Ascensión, Calle, M. Elisa, Villagra, H. Ariel, Regidor, E., Esteban-Gonzalo, L., Campo, Juan del, Moya, J. M., Zapatera, Belén, Nova, Esther, Wärnberg, Julia, Díaz-Prieto, Ligia E., Pozo Rubio, Tamara, and Puertollano, M. Ángeles

Abstract

Background and aims: Adipocytokines may have a key role in the development of atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to examine the independent and joint associations of physical activity (PA), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness (MF) with adiponectin and leptin in adolescents. Methods and results: A sample of 198 adolescents (96 girls), aged 13-17-year, was selected. Participants completed anthropometric measurements (height, weight, and waist circumference) and percentage of body fat (%BF) was estimated by bioelectrical impedance. PA was measured by accelerometer for 7-day. The 20-m shuttle-run test was used to assess CRF and two MF tests (handgrip strength and standing broad jump) were used to create an MF score. A cluster score of health status (0-3 risks) was created. Serum adiponectin and plasma leptin were also determined. Regression analyses controlling for age, sex, pubertal status and waist circumference showed that PA was not significantly associated with adiponectin and vigorous PA showed a significant inverse association with leptin. Both CRF and MF were significantly and inversely associated with adiponectin and leptin. Further analyses revealed that the 'healthy' group (0 risks) had significantly lower adiponectin and leptin than 'medium-healthy' (1 risk) and 'unhealthy' (2-3 risks) status groups. Conclusions: PA, CRF and MF are inversely and jointly associated with adiponectin and leptin concentrations in adolescents. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.

Published
2012

41. Detecting false testimonies in reputation systems using self-organizing maps.

Author

Bankovic, Z., Vallejo, J. C., Fraga, D., and Moya, J. M.

Subjects
DECISION support systems, SELF-organizing maps, REPUTATIONAL risk, COMPUTER security, CYBERTERRORISM, INFORMATION network security
Abstract

It has been demonstrated that rating trust and reputation of individual nodes is an effective approach in distributed environments in order to improve security, support decision-making and promote node collaboration. Nevertheless, these systems are vulnerable to deliberate false or unfair testimonies. In one scenario, the attackers collude to give negative feedback on the victim in order to lower or destroy its reputation. This attack is known as bad mouthing attack. In another scenario, a number of entities agree to give positive feedback on an entity (often with adversarial intentions). This attack is known as ballot stuffing. Both attack types can significantly deteriorate the performances of the network. The existing solutions for coping with these attacks are mainly concentrated on prevention techniques. In this work, we propose a solution that detects and isolates the abovementioned attackers, impeding them in this way to further spread their malicious activity. The approach is based on detecting outliers using clustering, in this case self-organizing maps. An important advantage of this approach is that we have no restrictions on training data, and thus there is no need for any data pre-processing. Testing results demonstrate the capability of the approach in detecting both bad mouthing and ballot stuffing attack in various scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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43. Prenatal diagnosis on fetal cells from maternal blood: practical comparative evaluation of the first and second trimesters

Author

Alba, M. Rodríguez de, Palomino, P., González-González, C., Lorda-Sanchez, I., Ibañez, M. A., Sanz, R., Fernández-Moya, J. M., Ayuso, C., Díaz-Recasens, J., and Ramos, C.

Abstract

Several attempts have been made to determine the gestational period in which the maximum number of fetal cells can be found in maternal blood and consequently which is the best week in which to perform a reliable non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. Most studies conclude that the number of nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) increases in line with gestation, but the number of cells that are fetal in origin (FNRBC) decreases in the third trimester. The aim of the present study was to make a practical comparative evaluation of the first and second trimesters to ascertain the period in which a greater number of FNRBC can be found of the total number of NRBC identified. Double density gradient and a posterior positive selection (CD71) by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) were employed. In the final fraction, erythroblasts were identified using Kleihauer staining and were studied using the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) interphasic technique. There was a significant difference (p&lt;0.05) between the mean number of FNRBC found in the first and second trimesters. The number of FNRBC increases from the first to the second trimester. It appears that the optimum week in which to perform a reliable non-invasive prenatal diagnosis is around the 15th week. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Published
2001

44. Prenatal diagnosis on fetal cells obtained from maternal peripheral blood: Report of 66 cases

Author

Alba, M. Rodríguez de, Palomino, P., Jurado, A., Sanz, R., Ibañez, M. A., Fernández-Moya, J. M., Ayuso, C., Díaz-Recasens, J., Lahoz, C., and Ramos, C.

Abstract

The potential use of fetal cells circulating in maternal blood for a non-invasive prenatal diagnosis has been widely described. Several authors have developed different methods for the enrichment of fetal cells from maternal peripheral blood. The aim of this study was to make a practical valuation of this new prenatal diagnosis technique, using those methods described as efficient and easy to carry out in a prenatal diagnosis unit. These methods consist of the double-density gradient and the positive selection by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) of the fetal erythroblasts, and the posterior study of the cells applying the FISH interphasic technique. Once the technique was ready, we obtained results from the study of 66 venous blood samples from women coming for prenatal diagnosis. Using a specific staining for fetal haemoglobin, fetal cells were identified in 63 cases. Fetal sex was well determined in 56 cases, 23 females and 33 males; in 7 cases the sex determination failed. All the aneuploidies found in a previous prenatal diagnosis were confirmed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Published
1999
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49. Segregation of digital number with partial monosomy or trisomy of 13q in familial 5;13 translocation

Author

Alba, M. Rodríguez de, Sanz, R., Lorda-Sanchez, I., Fernández-Moya, J. M., Ayuso, C., Díaz-Recasens, J., and Ramos, C.

Abstract

It has been postulated that the deletion of band 13q32 may be associated with digital malformations, especially thumb and big toe anomalies. We report a family where the mother is carrying a balanced translocation between chromosomes 5p15 and 13q22. The offspring have a specific and well-defined phenotype depending on which is the unbalanced chromosome in the karyotype. When a partial trisomy of 13q22→qter is present, the fetuses have polydactyly in the four limbs, and when the fetus is carrying a partial monosomy of this portion, an oligodactyly in all members can be observed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Published
1999
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50. New definitions of susceptibility categories EUCAST 2019: clinic application.

Author

Nabal Díaz SG, Algara Robles O, and García-Lechuz Moya JM

Subjects
Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Anti-Infective Agents
Abstract

In January 2019, the European Committee for the Study of Antimicrobial Susceptibility (EUCAST) introduced some changes in the definitions of clinical categories for antibiotic susceptibility. The objective of these changes was to improve the credibility of category "I", optimizing and lengthening the survival and use of available antibiotics in the face of increasing antimicrobial resistance. This article aims to describe and explain these changes in the EUCAST criteria as well as make a short review about the factors on which the antibiotic susceptibility criteria depend., (©The Author 2022. Published by Sociedad Española de Quimioterapia. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).)

Published
2022
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