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1. The PLATO Mission

Author

Rauer, Heike, Aerts, Conny, Cabrera, Juan, Deleuil, Magali, Erikson, Anders, Gizon, Laurent, Goupil, Mariejo, Heras, Ana, Lorenzo-Alvarez, Jose, Marliani, Filippo, Martin-Garcia, César, Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel, O'Rourke, Laurence, Osborn, Hugh, Pagano, Isabella, Piotto, Giampaolo, Pollacco, Don, Ragazzoni, Roberto, Ramsay, Gavin, Udry, Stéphane, Appourchaux, Thierry, Benz, Willy, Brandeker, Alexis, Güdel, Manuel, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, Kabath, Petr, Kjeldsen, Hans, Min, Michiel, Santos, Nuno, Smith, Alan, Suarez, Juan-Carlos, Werner, Stephanie C., Aboudan, Alessio, Abreu, Manuel, a, Lorena Acu, Adams, Moritz, Adibekyan, Vardan, Affer, Laura, Agneray, François, Agnor, Craig, Børsen-Koch, Victor Aguirre, Ahmed, Saad, Aigrain, Suzanne, Al-Bahlawan, Ashraf, Gil, M de los Angeles Alcacera, Alei, Eleonora, Alencar, Silvia, Alexander, Richard, Alfonso-Garzón, Julia, Alibert, Yann, Prieto, Carlos Allende, Almeida, Leonardo, Sobrino, Roi Alonso, Altavilla, Giuseppe, Althaus, Christian, Trujillo, Luis Alonso Alvarez, Amarsi, Anish, Eiff, Matthias Ammler-von, Amôres, Eduardo, Andrade, Laerte, Antoniadis-Karnavas, Alexandros, António, Carlos, del Moral, Beatriz Aparicio, Appolloni, Matteo, Arena, Claudio, Armstrong, David, Aliaga, Jose Aroca, Asplund, Martin, Audenaert, Jeroen, Auricchio, Natalia, Avelino, Pedro, Baeke, Ann, Baillié, Kevin, Balado, Ana, Balagueró, Pau Ballber, Balestra, Andrea, Ball, Warrick, Ballans, Herve, Ballot, Jerome, Barban, Caroline, Barbary, Gaële, Barbieri, Mauro, Forteza, Sebasti Barceló, Barker, Adrian, Barklem, Paul, Barnes, Sydney, Navascues, David Barrado, Barragan, Oscar, Baruteau, Clément, Basu, Sarbani, Baudin, Frederic, Baumeister, Philipp, Bayliss, Daniel, Bazot, Michael, Beck, Paul G., Bedding, Tim, Belkacem, Kevin, Bellinger, Earl, Benatti, Serena, Benomar, Othman, Bérard, Diane, Bergemann, Maria, Bergomi, Maria, Bernardo, Pierre, Biazzo, Katia, Bignamini, Andrea, Bigot, Lionel, Billot, Nicolas, Binet, Martin, Biondi, David, Biondi, Federico, Birch, Aaron C., Bitsch, Bertram, Ceballos, Paz Victoria Bluhm, Bódi, Attila, Bognár, Zsófia, Boisse, Isabelle, Bolmont, Emeline, Bonanno, Alfio, Bonavita, Mariangela, Bonfanti, Andrea, Bonfils, Xavier, Bonito, Rosaria, Bonomo, Aldo Stefano, Börner, Anko, Saikia, Sudeshna Boro, Martín, Elisa Borreguero, Borsa, Francesco, Borsato, Luca, Bossini, Diego, Bouchy, Francois, Boué, Gwenaël, Boufleur, Rodrigo, Boumier, Patrick, Bourrier, Vincent, Bowman, Dominic M., Bozzo, Enrico, Bradley, Louisa, Bray, John, Bressan, Alessandro, Breton, Sylvain, Brienza, Daniele, Brito, Ana, Brogi, Matteo, Brown, Beverly, Brown, David J. A., Brun, Allan Sacha, Bruno, Giovanni, Bruns, Michael, Buchhave, Lars A., Bugnet, Lisa, Buldgen, Gaël, Burgess, Patrick, Busatta, Andrea, Busso, Giorgia, Buzasi, Derek, Caballero, José A., Cabral, Alexandre, Gomez, Juan-Francisco Cabrero, Calderone, Flavia, Cameron, Robert, Cameron, Andrew, Campante, Tiago, Gestal, Néstor Campos, Martins, Bruno Leonardo Canto, Cara, Christophe, Carone, Ludmila, Carrasco, Josep Manel, Casagrande, Luca, Casewell, Sarah L., Cassisi, Santi, Castellani, Marco, Castro, Matthieu, Catala, Claude, Fernández, Irene Catalán, Catelan, Márcio, Cegla, Heather, Cerruti, Chiara, Cessa, Virginie, Chadid, Merieme, Chaplin, William, Charpinet, Stephane, Chiappini, Cristina, Chiarucci, Simone, Chiavassa, Andrea, Chinellato, Simonetta, Chirulli, Giovanni, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen, Church, Ross, Claret, Antonio, Clarke, Cathie, Claudi, Riccardo, Clermont, Lionel, Coelho, Hugo, Coelho, Joao, Cogato, Fabrizio, Colomé, Josep, Condamin, Mathieu, García, Fernando Conde, Conseil, Simon, Corbard, Thierry, Correia, Alexandre C. M., Corsaro, Enrico, Cosentino, Rosario, Costes, Jean, Cottinelli, Andrea, Covone, Giovanni, Creevey, Orlagh L., Crida, Aurelien, Csizmadia, Szilard, Cunha, Margarida, Curry, Patrick, da Costa, Jefferson, da Silva, Francys, Dalal, Shweta, Damasso, Mario, Damiani, Cilia, Damiani, Francesco, Chagas, Maria Liduina das, Davies, Melvyn, Davies, Guy, Davies, Ben, Davison, Gary, de Almeida, Leandro, de Angeli, Francesca, de Barros, Susana Cristina Cabral, Leão, Izan de Castro, de Freitas, Daniel Brito, de Freitas, Marcia Cristina, De Martino, Domitilla, de Medeiros, José Renan, de Paula, Luiz Alberto, Gómez, Álvaro de Pedraza, de Plaa, Jelle, De Ridder, Joris, Deal, Morgan, Decin, Leen, Deeg, Hans, Innocenti, Scilla Degl, Deheuvels, Sebastien, del Burgo, Carlos, Del Sordo, Fabio, Delgado-Mena, Elisa, Demangeon, Olivier, Denk, Tilmann, Derekas, Aliz, Desert, Jean-Michel, Desidera, Silvano, Dexet, Marc, Di Criscienzo, Marcella, Di Giorgio, Anna Maria, Di Mauro, Maria Pia, Rial, Federico Jose Diaz, Díaz-García, José-Javier, Dima, Marco, Dinuzzi, Giacomo, Dionatos, Odysseas, Distefano, Elisa, Nascimento Jr., Jose-Dias do, Domingo, Albert, D'Orazi, Valentina, Dorn, Caroline, Doyle, Lauren, Duarte, Elena, Ducellier, Florent, Dumaye, Luc, Dumusque, Xavier, Dupret, Marc-Antoine, Eggenberger, Patrick, Ehrenreich, David, Eigmüller, Philipp, Eising, Johannes, Emilio, Marcelo, Eriksson, Kjell, Ermocida, Marco, Giribaldi, Riano Isidoro Escate, Eschen, Yoshi, ez, Lucía Espinosa Yá, Estrela, In s, Evans, Dafydd Wyn, Fabbian, Damian, Fabrizio, Michele, Faria, João Pedro, Farina, Maria, Farinato, Jacopo, Feliz, Dax, Feltzing, Sofia, Fenouillet, Thomas, Fernández, Miguel, Ferrari, Lorenza, Ferraz-Mello, Sylvio, Fialho, Fabio, Fienga, Agnes, Figueira, Pedro, Fiori, Laura, Flaccomio, Ettore, Focardi, Mauro, Foley, Steve, Fontignie, Jean, Ford, Dominic, Fornazier, Karin, Forveille, Thierry, Fossati, Luca, Franca, Rodrigo de Marca, da Silva, Lucas Franco, Frasca, Antonio, Fridlund, Malcolm, Furlan, Marco, Gabler, Sarah-Maria, Gaido, Marco, Gallagher, Andrew, Sempere, Paloma I. Gallego, Galli, Emanuele, García, Rafael A., Hernández, Antonio García, Munoz, Antonio Garcia, García-Vázquez, Hugo, Haba, Rafael Garrido, Gaulme, Patrick, Gauthier, Nicolas, Gehan, Charlotte, Gent, Matthew, Georgieva, Iskra, Ghigo, Mauro, Giana, Edoardo, Gill, Samuel, Girardi, Leo, Winter, Silvia Giuliatti, Giusi, Giovanni, da Silva, João Gomes, Zazo, Luis Jorge Gómez, Gomez-Lopez, Juan Manuel, Hernández, Jonay Isai González, Murillo, Kevin Gonzalez, Melchor, Alejandro Gonzalo, Gorius, Nicolas, Gouel, Pierre-Vincent, Goulty, Duncan, Granata, Valentina, Grenfell, John Lee, bach, Denis Grie, Grolleau, Emmanuel, Grouffal, Salomé, Grziwa, Sascha, Guarcello, Mario Giuseppe, Gueguen, Lo c, Guenther, Eike Wolf, Guilhem, Terrasa, Guillerot, Lucas, Guillot, Tristan, Guiot, Pierre, Guterman, Pascal, Gutiérrez, Antonio, Gutiérrez-Canales, Fernando, Hagelberg, Janis, Haldemann, Jonas, Hall, Cassandra, Handberg, Rasmus, Harrison, Ian, Harrison, Diana L., Hasiba, Johann, Haswell, Carole A., Hatalova, Petra, Hatzes, Artie, Haywood, Raphaelle, Hébrard, Guillaume, Heckes, Frank, Heiter, Ulrike, Hekker, Saskia, Heller, René, Helling, Christiane, Helminiak, Krzysztof, Hemsley, Simon, Heng, Kevin, Herbst, Konstantin, Hermans, Aline, Hermes, JJ, Torres, Nadia Hidalgo, Hinkel, Natalie, Hobbs, David, Hodgkin, Simon, Hofmann, Karl, Hojjatpanah, Saeed, Houdek, Günter, Huber, Daniel, Huesler, Joseph, Hui-Bon-Hoa, Alain, Huygen, Rik, Huynh, Duc-Dat, Iro, Nicolas, Irwin, Jonathan, Irwin, Mike, Izidoro, André, Jacquinod, Sophie, Jannsen, Nicholas Emborg, Janson, Markus, Jeszenszky, Harald, Jiang, Chen, Mancebo, Antonio José Jimenez, Jofre, Paula, Johansen, Anders, Johnston, Cole, Jones, Geraint, Kallinger, Thomas, Kálmán, Szilárd, Kanitz, Thomas, Karjalainen, Marie, Karjalainen, Raine, Karoff, Christoffer, Kawaler, Steven, Kawata, Daisuke, Keereman, Arnoud, Keiderling, David, Kennedy, Tom, Kenworthy, Matthew, Kerschbaum, Franz, Kidger, Mark, Kiefer, Flavien, Kintziger, Christian, Kislyakova, Kristina, Kiss, László, Klagyivik, Peter, Klahr, Hubert, Klevas, Jonas, Kochukhov, Oleg, Köhler, Ulrich, Kolb, Ulrich, Koncz, Alexander, Korth, Judith, Kostogryz, Nadiia, Kovács, Gábor, Kovács, József, Kozhura, Oleg, Krivova, Natalie, Kucinskas, Arunas, Kuhlemann, Ilyas, Kupka, Friedrich, Laauwen, Wouter, Labiano, Alvaro, Lagarde, Nadege, Laget, Philippe, Laky, Gunter, Lam, Kristine Wai Fun, Lambrechts, Michiel, Lammer, Helmut, Lanza, Antonino Francesco, Lanzafame, Alessandro, Martiz, Mariel Lares, Laskar, Jacques, Latter, Henrik, Lavanant, Tony, Lawrenson, Alastair, Lazzoni, Cecilia, Lebre, Agnes, Lebreton, Yveline, Etangs, Alain Lecavelier des, Lee, Katherine, Leinhardt, Zoe, Leleu, Adrien, Lendl, Monika, Leto, Giuseppe, Levillain, Yves, Libert, Anne-Sophie, Lichtenberg, Tim, Ligi, Roxanne, Lignieres, Francois, Lillo-Box, Jorge, Linsky, Jeffrey, Liu, John Scige, Loidolt, Dominik, Longval, Yuying, Lopes, Ilídio, Lorenzani, Andrea, Ludwig, Hans-Guenter, Lund, Mikkel, Lundkvist, Mia Sloth, Luri, Xavier, Maceroni, Carla, Madden, Sean, Madhusudhan, Nikku, Maggio, Antonio, Magliano, Christian, Magrin, Demetrio, Mahy, Laurent, Maibaum, Olaf, Malac-Allain, LeeRoy, Malapert, Jean-Christophe, Malavolta, Luca, Maldonado, Jesus, Mamonova, Elena, Manchon, Louis, Manjón, Andres, Mann, Andrew, Mantovan, Giacomo, Marafatto, Luca, Marconi, Marcella, Mardling, Rosemary, Marigo, Paola, Marinoni, Silvia, Marques, rico, Marques, Joao Pedro, Marrese, Paola Maria, Marshall, Douglas, Perales, Silvia Martínez, Mary, David, Marzari, Francesco, Masana, Eduard, Mascher, Andrina, Mathis, Stéphane, Mathur, Savita, Vodopivec, Iris Martín, Figueiredo, Ana Carolina Mattiuci, Maxted, Pierre F. L., Mazeh, Tsevi, Mazevet, Stephane, Mazzei, Francesco, McCormac, James, McMillan, Paul, Menou, Lucas, Merle, Thibault, Meru, Farzana, Mesa, Dino, Messina, Sergio, Mészáros, Szabolcs, Meunier, Nadége, Meunier, Jean-Charles, Micela, Giuseppina, Michaelis, Harald, Michel, Eric, Michielsen, Mathias, Michtchenko, Tatiana, Miglio, Andrea, Miguel, Yamila, Milligan, David, Mirouh, Giovanni, Mitchell, Morgan, Moedas, Nuno, Molendini, Francesca, Molnár, László, Mombarg, Joey, Montalban, Josefina, Montalto, Marco, Monteiro, Mário J. P. F. G., Sánchez, Francisco Montoro, Morales, Juan Carlos, Morales-Calderon, Maria, Morbidelli, Alessandro, Mordasini, Christoph, Moreau, Chrystel, Morel, Thierry, Morello, Guiseppe, Morin, Julien, Mortier, Annelies, Mosser, Beno t, Mourard, Denis, Mousis, Olivier, Moutou, Claire, Mowlavi, Nami, Moya, Andrés, Muehlmann, Prisca, Muirhead, Philip, Munari, Matteo, Musella, Ilaria, Mustill, Alexander James, Nardetto, Nicolas, Nardiello, Domenico, Narita, Norio, Nascimbeni, Valerio, Nash, Anna, Neiner, Coralie, Nelson, Richard P., Nettelmann, Nadine, Nicolini, Gianalfredo, Nielsen, Martin, Niemi, Sami-Matias, Noack, Lena, Noels-Grotsch, Arlette, Noll, Anthony, Norazman, Azib, Norton, Andrew J., Nsamba, Benard, Ofir, Aviv, Ogilvie, Gordon, Olander, Terese, Olivetto, Christian, Olofsson, Göran, Ong, Joel, Ortolani, Sergio, Oshagh, Mahmoudreza, Ottacher, Harald, Ottensamer, Roland, Ouazzani, Rhita-Maria, Paardekooper, Sijme-Jan, Pace, Emanuele, Pajas, Miriam, Palacios, Ana, Palandri, Gaelle, Palle, Enric, Paproth, Carsten, Parro, Vanderlei, Parviainen, Hannu, Granado, Javier Pascual, Passegger, Vera Maria, Pastor-Morales, Carmen, Pätzold, Martin, Pedersen, May Gade, Hidalgo, David Pena, Pepe, Francesco, Pereira, Filipe, Persson, Carina M., Pertenais, Martin, Peter, Gisbert, Petit, Antoine C., Petit, Pascal, Pezzuto, Stefania, Pichierri, Gabriele, Pietrinferni, Adriano, Pinheiro, Fernando, Pinsonneault, Marc, Plachy, Emese, Plasson, Philippe, Plez, Bertrand, Poppenhaeger, Katja, Poretti, Ennio, Portaluri, Elisa, Portell, Jordi, de Mello, Gustavo Frederico Porto, Poyatos, Julien, Pozuelos, Francisco J., Moroni, Pier Giorgio Prada, Pricopi, Dumitru, Prisinzano, Loredana, Quade, Matthias, Quirrenbach, Andreas, Reina, Julio Arturo Rabanal, Soares, Maria Cristina Rabello, Raimondo, Gabriella, Rainer, Monica, Rodón, Jose Ramón, Ramón-Ballesta, Alejandro, Zapata, Gonzalo Ramos, Rätz, Stefanie, Rauterberg, Christoph, Redman, Bob, Redmer, Ronald, Reese, Daniel, Regibo, Sara, Reiners, Ansgar, Reinhold, Timo, Renie, Christian, Ribas, Ignasi, Ribeiro, Sergio, Ricciardi, Thiago Pereira, Rice, Ken, Richard, Olivier, Riello, Marco, Rieutord, Michel, Ripepi, Vincenzo, Rixon, Guy, Rockstein, Steve, Ortiz, José Ramón Rodón, Rodríguez, María Teresa Rodrigo, Amor, Alberto Rodríguez, Díaz, Luisa Fernanda Rodríguez, Garcia, Juan Pablo Rodriguez, Rodriguez-Gomez, Julio, Roehlly, Yannick, Roig, Fernando, Rojas-Ayala, Bárbara, Rolf, Tobias, Rørsted, Jakob Lysgaard, Rosado, Hugo, Rosotti, Giovanni, Roth, Olivier, Roth, Markus, Rousseau, Alex, Roxburgh, Ian, Roy, Fabrice, Royer, Pierre, Ruane, Kirk, Mastropasqua, Sergio Rufini, de Galarreta, Claudia Ruiz, Russi, Andrea, Saar, Steven, Saillenfest, Melaine, Salaris, Maurizio, Salmon, Sebastien, Saltas, Ippocratis, Samadi, Réza, Samadi, Aunia, Samra, Dominic, da Silva, Tiago Sanches, Carrasco, Miguel Andrés Sánchez, Santerne, Alexandre, Pé, Amaia Santiago, Santoli, Francesco, Santos, ngela R. G., Mesa, Rosario Sanz, Sarro, Luis Manuel, Scandariato, Gaetano, Schäfer, Martin, Schlafly, Edward, Schmider, François-Xavier, Schneider, Jean, Schou, Jesper, Schunker, Hannah, Schwarzkopf, Gabriel Jörg, Serenelli, Aldo, Seynaeve, Dries, Shan, Yutong, Shapiro, Alexander, Shipman, Russel, Sicilia, Daniela, sanmartin, Maria Angeles Sierra, Sigot, Axelle, Silliman, Kyle, Silvotti, Roberto, Simon, Attila E., Napoli, Ricardo Simoyama, Skarka, Marek, Smalley, Barry, Smiljanic, Rodolfo, Smit, Samuel, Smith, Alexis, Smith, Leigh, Snellen, Ignas, Sódor, Ádám, Sohl, Frank, Solanki, Sami K., Sortino, Francesca, Sousa, Sérgio, Southworth, John, Souto, Diogo, Sozzetti, Alessandro, Stamatellos, Dimitris, Stassun, Keivan, Steller, Manfred, Stello, Dennis, Stelzer, Beate, Stiebeler, Ulrike, Stokholm, Amalie, Storelvmo, Trude, Strassmeier, Klaus, Strøm, Paul Anthony, Strugarek, Antoine, Sulis, Sophia, vanda, Michal, Szabados, László, Szabó, Róbert, Szabó, Gyula M., Szuszkiewicz, Ewa, Talens, Geert Jan, Teti, Daniele, Theisen, Tom, Thévenin, Frédéric, Thoul, Anne, Tiphene, Didier, Titz-Weider, Ruth, Tkachenko, Andrew, Tomecki, Daniel, Tonfat, Jorge, Tosi, Nicola, Trampedach, Regner, Traven, Gregor, Triaud, Amaury, Trønnes, Reidar, Tsantaki, Maria, Tschentscher, Matthias, Turin, Arnaud, Tvaruzka, Adam, Ulmer, Bernd, Ulmer-Moll, Solène, Ulusoy, Ceren, Umbriaco, Gabriele, Valencia, Diana, Valentini, Marica, Valio, Adriana, Guijarro, Ángel Luis Valverde, Van Eylen, Vincent, Van Grootel, Valerie, van Kempen, Tim A., Van Reeth, Timothy, Van Zelst, Iris, Vandenbussche, Bart, Vasiliou, Konstantinos, Vasilyev, Valeriy, de Mascarenhas, David Vaz, Vazan, Allona, Nunez, Marina Vela, Velloso, Eduardo Nunes, Ventura, Rita, Ventura, Paolo, Venturini, Julia, Trallero, Isabel Vera, Veras, Dimitri, Verdugo, Eva, Verma, Kuldeep, Vibert, Didier, Martinez, Tobias Vicanek, Vida, Krisztián, Vigan, Arthur, Villacorta, Antonio, Villaver, Eva, Aparicio, Marcos Villaverde, Viotto, Valentina, Vorobyov, Eduard, Vorontsov, Sergey, Wagner, Frank W., Walloschek, Thomas, Walton, Nicholas, Walton, Dave, Wang, Haiyang, Waters, Rens, Watson, Christopher, Wedemeyer, Sven, Weeks, Angharad, Weingrill, Jörg, Weiss, Annita, Wendler, Belinda, West, Richard, Westerdorff, Karsten, Westphal, Pierre-Amaury, Wheatley, Peter, White, Tim, Whittaker, Amadou, Wickhusen, Kai, Wilson, Thomas, Windsor, James, Winter, Othon, Winther, Mark Lykke, Winton, Alistair, Witteck, Ulrike, Witzke, Veronika, Woitke, Peter, Wolter, David, Wuchterl, Günther, Wyatt, Mark, Yang, Dan, Yu, Jie, Sanchez, Ricardo Zanmar, Osorio, María Rosa Zapatero, Zechmeister, Mathias, Zhou, Yixiao, Ziemke, Claas, and Zwintz, Konstanze

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

PLATO (PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars) is ESA's M3 mission designed to detect and characterise extrasolar planets and perform asteroseismic monitoring of a large number of stars. PLATO will detect small planets (down to <2 R_(Earth)) around bright stars (<11 mag), including terrestrial planets in the habitable zone of solar-like stars. With the complement of radial velocity observations from the ground, planets will be characterised for their radius, mass, and age with high accuracy (5 %, 10 %, 10 % for an Earth-Sun combination respectively). PLATO will provide us with a large-scale catalogue of well-characterised small planets up to intermediate orbital periods, relevant for a meaningful comparison to planet formation theories and to better understand planet evolution. It will make possible comparative exoplanetology to place our Solar System planets in a broader context. In parallel, PLATO will study (host) stars using asteroseismology, allowing us to determine the stellar properties with high accuracy, substantially enhancing our knowledge of stellar structure and evolution. The payload instrument consists of 26 cameras with 12cm aperture each. For at least four years, the mission will perform high-precision photometric measurements. Here we review the science objectives, present PLATO's target samples and fields, provide an overview of expected core science performance as well as a description of the instrument and the mission profile at the beginning of the serial production of the flight cameras. PLATO is scheduled for a launch date end 2026. This overview therefore provides a summary of the mission to the community in preparation of the upcoming operational phases.

Published
2024

2. The Wide-field Spectroscopic Telescope (WST) Science White Paper

Author

Mainieri, Vincenzo, Anderson, Richard I., Brinchmann, Jarle, Cimatti, Andrea, Ellis, Richard S., Hill, Vanessa, Kneib, Jean-Paul, McLeod, Anna F., Opitom, Cyrielle, Roth, Martin M., Sanchez-Saez, Paula, Smiljanic, Rodolfo, Tolstoy, Eline, Bacon, Roland, Randich, Sofia, Adamo, Angela, Annibali, Francesca, Arevalo, Patricia, Audard, Marc, Barsanti, Stefania, Battaglia, Giuseppina, Aran, Amelia M. Bayo, Belfiore, Francesco, Bellazzini, Michele, Bellini, Emilio, Beltran, Maria Teresa, Berni, Leda, Bianchi, Simone, Biazzo, Katia, Bisero, Sofia, Bisogni, Susanna, Bland-Hawthorn, Joss, Blondin, Stephane, Bodensteiner, Julia, Boffin, Henri M. J., Bonito, Rosaria, Bono, Giuseppe, Bouche, Nicolas F., Bowman, Dominic, Braga, Vittorio F., Bragaglia, Angela, Branchesi, Marica, Brucalassi, Anna, Bryant, Julia J., Bryson, Ian, Busa, Innocenza, Camera, Stefano, Carbone, Carmelita, Casali, Giada, Casali, Mark, Casasola, Viviana, Castro, Norberto, Catelan, Marcio, Cavallo, Lorenzo, Chiappini, Cristina, Cioni, Maria-Rosa, Colless, Matthew, Colzi, Laura, Contarini, Sofia, Couch, Warrick, D'Ammando, Filippo, D., William d'Assignies, D'Orazi, Valentina, da Silva, Ronaldo, Dainotti, Maria Giovanna, Damiani, Francesco, Danielski, Camilla, De Cia, Annalisa, de Jong, Roelof S., Dhawan, Suhail, Dierickx, Philippe, Driver, Simon P., Dupletsa, Ulyana, Escoffier, Stephanie, Escorza, Ana, Fabrizio, Michele, Fiorentino, Giuliana, Fontana, Adriano, Fontani, Francesco, Sanchez, Daniel Forero, Franois, Patrick, Galindo-Guil, Francisco Jose, Gallazzi, Anna Rita, Galli, Daniele, Garcia, Miriam, Garcia-Rojas, Jorge, Garilli, Bianca, Grand, Robert, Guarcello, Mario Giuseppe, Hazra, Nandini, Helmi, Amina, Herrero, Artemio, Iglesias, Daniela, Ilic, Dragana, Irsic, Vid, Ivanov, Valentin D., Izzo, Luca, Jablonka, Pascale, Joachimi, Benjamin, Kakkad, Darshan, Kamann, Sebastian, Koposov, Sergey, Kordopatis, Georges, Kovacevic, Andjelka B., Kraljic, Katarina, Kuncarayakti, Hanindyo, Kwon, Yuna, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Lahav, Ofer, Laigle, Clotilde, Lazzarin, Monica, Leaman, Ryan, Leclercq, Floriane, Lee, Khee-Gan, Lee, David, Lehnert, Matt D., Lira, Paulina, Loffredo, Eleonora, Lucatello, Sara, Magrini, Laura, Maguire, Kate, Mahler, Guillaume, Majidi, Fatemeh Zahra, Malavasi, Nicola, Mannucci, Filippo, Marconi, Marcella, Martin, Nicolas, Marulli, Federico, Massari, Davide, Matsuno, Tadafumi, Mattheee, Jorryt, McGee, Sean, Merc, Jaroslav, Merle, Thibault, Miglio, Andrea, Migliorini, Alessandra, Minchev, Ivan, Minniti, Dante, Miret-Roig, Nuria, Ibero, Ana Monreal, Montano, Federico, Montet, Ben T., Moresco, Michele, Moretti, Chiara, Moscardini, Lauro, Moya, Andres, Mueller, Oliver, Nanayakkara, Themiya, Nicholl, Matt, Nordlander, Thomas, Onori, Francesca, Padovani, Marco, Pala, Anna Francesca, Panda, Swayamtrupta, Pandey-Pommier, Mamta, Pasquini, Luca, Pawlak, Michal, Pessi, Priscila J., Pisani, Alice, Popovic, Lukav C., Prisinzano, Loredana, Raddi, Roberto, Rainer, Monica, Rebassa-Mansergas, Alberto, Richard, Johan, Rigault, Mickael, Rocher, Antoine, Romano, Donatella, Rosati, Piero, Sacco, Germano, Sanchez-Janssen, Ruben, Sander, Andreas A. C., Sanders, Jason L., Sargent, Mark, Sarpa, Elena, Schimd, Carlo, Schipani, Pietro, Sefusatti, Emiliano, Smith, Graham P., Spina, Lorenzo, Steinmetz, Matthias, Tacchella, Sandro, Tautvaisiene, Grazina, Theissen, Christopher, Thomas, Guillaume, Ting, Yuan-Sen, Travouillon, Tony, Tresse, Laurence, Trivedi, Oem, Tsantaki, Maria, Tsedrik, Maria, Urrutia, Tanya, Valenti, Elena, Van der Swaelmen, Mathieu, Van Eck, Sophie, Verdiani, Francesco, Verdier, Aurelien, Vergani, Susanna Diana, Verhamme, Anne, Vernet, Joel, Verza, Giovanni, Viel, Matteo, Vielzeuf, Pauline, Vietri, Giustina, Vink, Jorick S., Vazquez, Carlos Viscasillas, Wang, Hai-Feng, Weilbacher, Peter M., Wendt, Martin, Wright, Nicholas, Ye, Quanzhi, Yeche, Christophe, Yu, Jiaxi, Zafar, Tayyaba, Zibetti, Stefano, Ziegler, Bodo, and Zinchenko, Igor

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

The Wide-field Spectroscopic Telescope (WST) is proposed as a new facility dedicated to the efficient delivery of spectroscopic surveys. This white paper summarises the initial concept as well as the corresponding science cases. WST will feature simultaneous operation of a large field-of-view (3 sq. degree), a high multiplex (20,000) multi-object spectrograph (MOS) and a giant 3x3 sq. arcmin integral field spectrograph (IFS). In scientific capability these requirements place WST far ahead of existing and planned facilities. Given the current investment in deep imaging surveys and noting the diagnostic power of spectroscopy, WST will fill a crucial gap in astronomical capability and work synergistically with future ground and space-based facilities. This white paper shows that WST can address outstanding scientific questions in the areas of cosmology; galaxy assembly, evolution, and enrichment, including our own Milky Way; origin of stars and planets; time domain and multi-messenger astrophysics. WST's uniquely rich dataset will deliver unforeseen discoveries in many of these areas. The WST Science Team (already including more than 500 scientists worldwide) is open to the all astronomical community. To register in the WST Science Team please visit https://www.wstelescope.com/for-scientists/participate, Comment: 194 pages, 66 figures. Comments are welcome (wstelescope@gmail.com)

Published
2024

3. Microviridae bacteriophages influence behavioural hallmarks of food addiction via tryptophan and tyrosine signalling pathways

Author

Castells-Nobau, Anna, Puig, Irene, Motger-Albertí, Anna, de la Vega-Correa, Lisset, Rosell-Díaz, Marisel, Arnoriaga-Rodríguez, María, Escrichs, Anira, Garre-Olmo, Josep, Puig, Josep, Ramos, Rafael, Ramió-Torrentà, Lluís, Pérez-Brocal, Vicente, Moya, Andrés, Pamplona, Reinald, Jové, Mariona, Sol, Joaquim, Martin-Garcia, Elena, Martinez-Garcia, Manuel, Deco, Gustavo, Maldonado, Rafael, Fernández-Real, José Manuel, and Mayneris-Perxachs, Jordi

Published
2024
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6. Experimental and In Silico Analysis of TEM β‑Lactamase Adaptive Evolution

Author

Standley, Melissa, Blay, Vincent, Guthrie, Violeta Beleva, Kim, Jay, Lyman, Audrey, Moya, Andrés, Karchin, Rachel, and Camps, Manel

Subjects
Genetics, Generic health relevance, beta-Lactamases, Evolution, Molecular, Cefotaxime, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Gain of Function Mutation, Bacteria, Epistasis, Genetic, Protein Folding, evolution, fitness landscape, epistasis, contingency, selection, antibiotic resistance, Medical Microbiology
Abstract

Multiple mutations often have non-additive (epistatic) phenotypic effects. Epistasis is of fundamental biological relevance but is not well understood mechanistically. Adaptive evolution, i.e., the evolution of new biochemical activities, is rich in epistatic interactions. To better understand the principles underlying epistasis during genetic adaptation, we studied the evolution of TEM-1 β-lactamase variants exhibiting cefotaxime resistance. We report the collection of a library of 487 observed evolutionary trajectories for TEM-1 and determine the epistasis status based on cefotaxime resistance phenotype for 206 combinations of 2-3 TEM-1 mutations involving 17 positions under adaptive selective pressure. Gain-of-function (GOF) mutations are gatekeepers for adaptation. To see if GOF phenotypes can be inferred based solely on sequence data, we calculated the enrichment of GOF mutations in the different categories of epistatic pairs. Our results suggest that this is possible because GOF mutations are particularly enriched in sign and reciprocal sign epistasis, which leave a major imprint on the sequence space accessible to evolution. We also used FoldX to explore the relationship between thermodynamic stability and epistasis. We found that mutations in observed evolutionary trajectories tend to destabilize the folded structure of the protein, albeit their cumulative effects are consistently below the protein's free energy of folding. The destabilizing effect is stronger for epistatic pairs, suggesting that modest or local alterations in folding stability can modulate catalysis. Finally, we report a significant relationship between epistasis and the degree to which two protein positions are structurally and dynamically coupled, even in the absence of ligand.

Published
2022

8. Affordances and Agency in Students' Use of Online Platforms and Resources beyond Curricular Boundaries

Author

Araos Moya, Andrés and Damsa, Crina

Abstract

This study explored how agency is expressed when undergraduate students cross curricular boundaries to learn software development by realising affordances enabled by resources on online platforms. The study employed a qualitative research design based on individual stimulated recall interviews with 27 computer and software engineering students. The hybrid thematic analysis employed an ecological framework in which the actions the students performed during software development tasks were interpreted in relational terms. The results reveal multiple interrelated affordances that were realised as the students learnt by using various resources on different online platforms. Agency was expressed primarily through students pursuing specific objectives related to their learning across platforms and curricular boundaries and was shared and distributed across people and the environment. The findings highlight the idea that boundaries are formed and crossed based on how people experience the environment, which, in turn, is enabled or constrained by the resources used.

Published
2023
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12. A fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making approach for Exo-Planetary Habitability

Author

Sánchez-Lozano, Juan Miguel, Moya, Andrés, and Rodríguez-Mozos, José María

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Nowadays, we know thousands of exoplanets, some of them potentially habitable. Next technological facilities (JWST, for example) have exoplanet atmosphere analysis capabilities, but they also have limits in terms of how many targets can be studied. Therefore, there is a need to rank and prioritize these exoplanets with the aim of searching for biomarkers. Some criteria involved, such as the habitability potential of a dry-rock planet versus a water-rich planet, or a potentially-locked planet versus a tidally-locked planet, are often vague and the use of the fuzzy set theory is advisable. We have applied a combination of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making methodologies with fuzzy logic, the Fuzzy Reference Ideal Method (FRIM), to this problem. We have analyzed the habitability potential of 1798 exoplanets from TEPCat database based on a set of criteria (composition, atmosphere, energy, tidal locking, type of planet and liquid water), in terms of their similarity to the only ideal alternative, The Earth. Our results, when compared with the probability index SEPHI, indicate that Kepler-442b, Kepler-062e/f, and LHS_1140b are the best exoplanets for searching for biomarkers, regardless its technical difficulty. If we take into account current technical feasibility, the best candidate is TRAPPIST-1e.

Published
2021
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14. Weighing stars from birth to death: mass determination methods across the HRD

Author

Serenelli, Aldo, Weiss, Achim, Aerts, Conny, Angelou, George C., Baroch, David, Bastian, Nate, Beck, Paul G., Bergemann, Maria, Bestenlehner, Joachim M., Czekala, Ian, Elias-Rosa, Nancy, Escorza, Ana, Van Eylen, Vincent, Feuillet, Diane K., Gandolfi, Davide, Gieles, Mark, Girardi, Leo, Lebreton, Yveline, Lodieu, Nicolas, Martig, Marie, Bertolami, Marcelo M. Miller, Mombarg, Joey S. G., Morales, Juan Carlos, Moya, Andres, Nsamba, Benard, Pavlovski, Kresimir, Pedersen, May G., Ribas, Ignasi, Schneider, Fabian R. N., Aguirre, Victor Silva, Stassun, Keivan G., Tolstoy, Eline, Tremblay, Pier-Emmanuel, and Zwintz, Konstanze

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

The mass of a star is the most fundamental parameter for its structure, evolution, and final fate. It is particularly important for any kind of stellar archaeology and characterization of exoplanets. There exists a variety of methods in astronomy to estimate or determine it. In this review we present a significant number of such methods, beginning with the most direct and model-independent approach using detached eclipsing binaries. We then move to more indirect and model-dependent methods, such as the quite commonly used isochrone or stellar track fitting. The arrival of quantitative asteroseismology has opened a completely new approach to determine stellar masses and to complement and improve the accuracy of other methods. We include methods for different evolutionary stages, from the pre-main sequence to evolved (super)giants and final remnants. For all methods uncertainties and restrictions will be discussed. We provide lists of altogether more than 200 benchmark stars with relative mass accuracies between $[0.3,2]\%$ for the covered mass range of $M\in [0.1,16]\,\msun$, $75\%$ of which are stars burning hydrogen in their core and the other $25\%$ covering all other evolved stages. We close with a recommendation how to combine various methods to arrive at a "mass-ladder" for stars., Comment: Invited review article for The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review. 146 pages, 16 figures, 11 tables. Accepted version by the Journal. It includes summary figure of accuracy/precision of methods for mass ranges and summary table for individual methods

Published
2020
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16. Presence of Blastocystis in gut microbiota is associated with cognitive traits and decreased executive function

Author

Mayneris-Perxachs, Jordi, Arnoriaga-Rodríguez, María, Garre-Olmo, Josep, Puig, Josep, Ramos, Rafael, Trelis, Maria, Burokas, Aurelijus, Coll, Clàudia, Zapata-Tona, Cristina, Pedraza, Salvador, Pérez-Brocal, Vicente, Ramió, Lluís, Ricart, Wifredo, Moya, Andrés, Jové, Mariona, Sol, Joaquim, Portero-Otin, Manuel, Pamplona, Reinald, Maldonado, Rafael, and Fernández-Real, José Manuel

Published
2022
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20. Microbiota alterations in proline metabolism impact depression

Author

Mayneris-Perxachs, Jordi, Castells-Nobau, Anna, Arnoriaga-Rodríguez, María, Martin, Miquel, de la Vega-Correa, Lisset, Zapata, Cristina, Burokas, Aurelijus, Blasco, Gerard, Coll, Clàudia, Escrichs, Anira, Biarnés, Carles, Moreno-Navarrete, José María, Puig, Josep, Garre-Olmo, Josep, Ramos, Rafel, Pedraza, Salvador, Brugada, Ramón, Vilanova, Joan Carles, Serena, Joaquín, Gich, Jordi, Ramió-Torrentà, Lluís, Pérez-Brocal, Vicente, Moya, Andrés, Pamplona, Reinald, Sol, Joaquim, Jové, Mariona, Ricart, Wifredo, Portero-Otin, Manuel, Deco, Gustavo, Maldonado, Rafael, and Fernández-Real, José Manuel

Published
2022
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23. HyperXite III

Author

Tec, Andrew, Schilling, Chanceleir, Takwa, Khaled, Chong, Woo Yoong, Alkhatib, Mazen, Tizani, Arwa, Borchers, Calvin, Tran, Kim, DeLouise, Nicolas, Batther, Jagdeep, Tadros, Adora, Lee, Youngon, Iskander, Youssef, Gill, Harmeet, Chang, Allen, Kim, Dong, Ferreira, Kyle, Burre, Will, Hsiao, Leslie, McCutcheon, Sean, Lee, Jason, Monahan, Kyle, Richman, Miles, Linares, Sergio, Wang, Lisheng, Cao, Jiahui, Pham, Johnny, Ma, Jessica, Casper, Matt, Quach, Kelly, Jimenez, Daniella, Lee, Adrienne, Yasutake, Trevor, Oune, Nicholas, Mekkittikul, Mark, Kumar, Shreshth, Cheng, Derek, Fleming, Lauren, Idris, Mohamed, Dadhaniya, Harshil, Yu, Haocheng, Lim, Rebecca, Jo, William, Said, Bilal, Walsh, Rory, Padrid, Nathan, Gu, Ruby, Moya, Andrés, Mehta, Hemang, Li, Yunyun, Carter, Ryan, Shah, Partha, Nguyen, Jimmy, Maldonado, Lourdes, and Nasser, Farid

Subjects
Hyperloop Hyperxite SpaceX Competition Transportation Vacuum Vacuum tube Pneumatics Carbon Fiber UCI Distributed control system Student Team Pressure vessel Magnetic braking Eddy current Eddy current braking Resin infusion ANSYS Solidworks Lithium Polymer Electric motor propulsion High voltage LabVIEW CAN CANopen CompactRIO Altium High speed, poster, UCI Dean's Choice Award 2018
Abstract

Background:   HyperXite is an undergraduate senior design team at the University of California, Irvine competing in the SpaceX Hyperloop Competition III in the Summer of 2018. Our pod will be a 1:2 scale hyperloop pod utilizing an electric motor, eddy current brakes, and a distributed control system to accelerate through a 1-mile vacuum tube reaching a maximum speed of over 300 MPH. Our ongoing goal is to educate and train our members in advanced analysis, design, and manufacturing methods and to collaborate with industry partners and students from many engineering disciplines. Website: hyperxite.com

Published
2018

29. COVID-19 and mental health in 8 low- and middle-income countries: A prospective cohort study

Author

Aksunger, Nursena, Vernot, Corey, Littman, Rebecca, Voors, Maarten, Meriggi, Niccolò F., Abajobir, Amanuel, Beber, Bernd, Dai, Katherine, Egger, Dennis, Islam, Asad, Kelly, Jocelyn, Kharel, Arjun, Matabaro, Amani, Moya, Andrés, Mwachofi, Pheliciah, Nekesa, Carolyn, Ochieng, Eric, Rahman, Tabassum, Scacco, Alexandra, van Dalen, Yvonne, Walker, Michael, Janssens, Wendy, and Mobarak, Ahmed Mushfiq

Subjects
Biological sciences
Abstract

Background The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated mitigation policies created a global economic and health crisis of unprecedented depth and scale, raising the estimated prevalence of depression by more than a quarter in high-income countries. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) suffered the negative effects on living standards the most severely. However, the consequences of the pandemic for mental health in LMICs have received less attention. Therefore, this study assesses the association between the COVID-19 crisis and mental health in 8 LMICs. Methods and findings We conducted a prospective cohort study to examine the correlation between the COVID-19 pandemic and mental health in 10 populations from 8 LMICs in Asia, Africa, and South America. The analysis included 21,162 individuals (mean age 38.01 years, 64% female) who were interviewed at least once pre- as well as post-pandemic. The total number of survey waves ranged from 2 to 17 (mean 7.1). Our individual-level primary outcome measure was based on validated screening tools for depression and a weighted index of depression questions, dependent on the sample. Sample-specific estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between COVID-19 periods and mental health were estimated using linear regressions with individual fixed effects, controlling for independent time trends and seasonal variation in mental health where possible. In addition, a regression discontinuity design was used for the samples with multiple surveys conducted just before and after the onset of the pandemic. We aggregated sample-specific coefficients using a random-effects model, distinguishing between estimates for the short (0 to 4 months) and longer term (4+ months). The random-effects aggregation showed that depression symptoms are associated with a increase by 0.29 standard deviations (SDs) (95% CI [-.47, -.11], p-value = 0.002) in the 4 months following the onset of the pandemic. This change was equivalent to moving from the 50th to the 63rd percentile in our median sample. Although aggregate depression is correlated with a decline to 0.21 SD (95% CI [-0.07, -.34], p-value = 0.003) in the period thereafter, the average recovery of 0.07 SD (95% CI [-0.09, .22], p-value = 0.41) was not statistically significant. The observed trends were consistent across countries and robust to alternative specifications. Two limitations of our study are that not all samples are representative of the national population, and the mental health measures differ across samples. Conclusions Controlling for seasonality, we documented a large, significant, negative association of the pandemic on mental health, especially during the early months of lockdown. The magnitude is comparable (but opposite) to the effects of cash transfers and multifaceted antipoverty programs on mental health in LMICs. Absent policy interventions, the pandemic could be associated with a lasting legacy of depression, particularly in settings with limited mental health support services, such as in many LMICs. We also demonstrated that mental health fluctuates with agricultural crop cycles, deteriorating during 'lean', pre-harvest periods and recovering thereafter. Ignoring such seasonal variations in mental health may lead to unreliable inferences about the association between the pandemic and mental health., Author(s): Nursena Aksunger 1, Corey Vernot 2, Rebecca Littman 3, Maarten Voors 4, Niccolò F. Meriggi 5, Amanuel Abajobir 6, Bernd Beber 7, Katherine Dai 8, Dennis Egger 9, Asad [...]

Published
2023
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33. A body weight loss- and health-promoting gut microbiota is established after bariatric surgery in individuals with severe obesity

Author

Sanchez-Carrillo, Sergio, Ciordia, Sergio, Rojo, David, Zubeldia-Varela, Elisa, Méndez-García, Celia, Martínez-Martínez, Mónica, Barbas, Coral, Ruiz-Ruiz, Susana, Moya, Andrés, Garriga, María, Salazar, Nuria, Botella-Carretero, José I., Vega-Piñero, Belén, de los Reyes-Gavilán, Clara G., del Campo, Rosa, and Ferrer, Manuel

Published
2021
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34. The influence of stochastic fluctuations on population dynamics: An in-silico approach

Author

European Commission, Generalitat Valenciana, Falgueras-Cano, Javier, Falgueras-Cano, Juan-Antonio, Moya, Andrés, European Commission, Generalitat Valenciana, Falgueras-Cano, Javier, Falgueras-Cano, Juan-Antonio, and Moya, Andrés

Abstract

Current non-deterministic models predict that stochastic fluctuations have a greater impact on the dynamics of small populations, and therefore are more prone to extinction than large populations. However, here we have developed a computer model that demonstrates that the effects of these fluctuations, combined with the effects of other mechanisms inherent to natural selection, have a significant impact on the selection, evolution, and population dynamics of digital species, regardless of population size. We also studied the necessary conditions to apply the findings to natural systems. Especially in fragmented systems, we observe that intraspecific interactions are more frequent than interspecific interactions because stochastic fluctuations limit the maximum number of interspecific interactions to the population frequency of the smallest interacting population. If these interactions are adaptive, they result in greater average fitness for presocial and eusocial species that do not have this limitation. In addition to inclusive fitness, we have also observed that the direct/indirect fitness ratio is essential for measuring species competitiveness. Stochastic fluctuations equally affect the density variability of all populations, regardless of their fitness. Organisms that cannot interact due to these fluctuations can only have their direct fitness. In species where direct fitness is higher, these “singles” increase the average fitness of the species. Stochastic fluctuations affect the evolution of neutral and complex traits. Depending on the population distribution, we observe that the successive effects of these fluctuations, the Allee effect, and competitive exclusion can lead to fixation of a single trait. This same combination of effects creates a mechanism that has not been considered until now in interspecific interactions, whereby, under equal conditions and fitness, a single species selected at random prevails and excludes the rest of the competing species.

Published
2024

35. Comparison of experimental methodologies based on bulk-metagenome and virus-like particle enrichment: Pros and cons for representativeness and reproducibility in the study of the fecal human virome

Author

Generalitat Valenciana, Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer, Soria-Villalba, Adriana, Pesantes, Nicole, Jiménez-Hernández, Nuria, Pons, Xavier, Moya, Andrés, Pérez-Brocal, Vicente, Generalitat Valenciana, Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer, Soria-Villalba, Adriana, Pesantes, Nicole, Jiménez-Hernández, Nuria, Pons, Xavier, Moya, Andrés, and Pérez-Brocal, Vicente

Abstract

Studies on the human virome based on the application of metagenomic approaches involve overcoming a series of challenges and limitations inherent not only to the biological features of viruses, but also to methodological pitfalls which different approaches have tried to minimize. These approaches fall into two main categories: bulk-metagenomes and virus-like particle (VLP) enrichment. In order to address issues associated with commonly used experimental procedures to assess the degree of reliability, representativeness, and reproducibility, we designed a comparative analysis applied to three experimental protocols, one based on bulk-metagenomes and two based on VLP enrichment. These protocols were applied to stool samples from 10 adult participants, including two replicas per protocol and subject. We evaluated the performances of the three methods, not only through the analysis of the resulting composition, abundance, and diversity of the virome via taxonomical classification and type of molecule (DNA versus RNA, single stranded vs. double stranded), but also according to how the a priori identical replicas differed from each other according to the extraction methods used. Our results highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each approach, offering valuable insights and tailored recommendations for drawing reliable conclusions based on specific research goals.

Published
2024

36. Supplementary Materials: Comparison of experimental methodologies based on bulk-metagenome and virus-like particle enrichment: Pros and cons for representativeness and reproducibility in the study of the fecal human virome

Author

Soria-Villalba, Adriana, Pesantes, Nicole, Jiménez-Hernández, Nuria, Pons, Xavier, Moya, Andrés, Pérez-Brocal, Vicente, Soria-Villalba, Adriana, Pesantes, Nicole, Jiménez-Hernández, Nuria, Pons, Xavier, Moya, Andrés, and Pérez-Brocal, Vicente

Published
2024

37. Supplementary Materials: Composition of microbiota in transient and mature human milk: Significant changes in large for gestational age group

Author

Dinleyici, Meltem, Pérez-Brocal, Vicente, Arslanoglu, Sertac, Aydemir, Ozge, Sevuk Ozumut, Sibel, Tekin, Neslihan, Vandenplas, Yvan, Moya, Andrés, Dinleyici, Ener Cagri, Dinleyici, Meltem, Pérez-Brocal, Vicente, Arslanoglu, Sertac, Aydemir, Ozge, Sevuk Ozumut, Sibel, Tekin, Neslihan, Vandenplas, Yvan, Moya, Andrés, and Dinleyici, Ener Cagri

Published
2024

38. Composition of microbiota in transient and mature human milk: Significant changes in large for gestational age group

Author

Eskisehir Technical University, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72], Dinleyici, Meltem, Pérez-Brocal, Vicente, Arslanoglu, Sertac, Aydemir, Ozge, Sevuk Ozumut, Sibel, Tekin, Neslihan, Vandenplas, Yvan, Moya, Andrés, Dinleyici, Ener Cagri, Eskisehir Technical University, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72], Dinleyici, Meltem, Pérez-Brocal, Vicente, Arslanoglu, Sertac, Aydemir, Ozge, Sevuk Ozumut, Sibel, Tekin, Neslihan, Vandenplas, Yvan, Moya, Andrés, and Dinleyici, Ener Cagri

Abstract

The composition of the human milk (HM) microbiota and, consequently, the microorganisms that are passed on to the infant through breastfeeding, can be influenced by various factors such as the mother's health and diet, gestational age, delivery mode, lactation stage, method of infant feeding, and geographical location. The aim of the Human Milk-Gest Study was to compare the microbiota of transient (postpartum 7-15 days) and mature HM (postpartum 45-90 days) of 44 mothers, and to investigate any potential changes associated with preterm birth, mode of delivery, and birth weight in relation to gestational age. The data were classified into five study groups: normal spontaneous delivery-term (NS-T) newborns, cesarean delivery-term (CS-T) newborns, preterm (PT) newborns (with a gestational age of less than 37 weeks), small for gestational age (SGA) newborns, and large for gestational age (LGA) newborns. An analysis of differential abundance was conducted using ANCOM-BC to compare the microbial genera between transient and mature HM samples as well as between other study groups. A significant difference was detected between HM samples at different sampling times and between the study groups (p < 0.01). In transient HM samples, Ralstonia, Burkholderiaceae_uc, and Pelomonas were significantly dominant in the LGA group compared to the NS-T, CS-T, PT, and SGA groups. In mature HM samples, Burkholderiaceae_uc, Ralstonia, Pelomonas, and Klebsiella were significantly dominant in the LGA group compared to the NS-T, CS-T, and PT groups, while Ralstonia, Burkholderiaceae_uc, and Pelomonas were significantly dominant in the LGA group compared to the SGA group. Differences were also detected between the transient and mature HM samples in the CS-T, PT, SGA, and LGA groups, but no differences occurred in the NS-T groups. In conclusion, we showed that Ralstonia, Burkholderiaceae_uc, and Pelomonas were significantly dominant in the LGA group in transient HM and continued in mature HM. T

Published
2024

39. Associations between bacterial and fungal communities in the human gut microbiota and their implications for nutritional status and body weight

Author

Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72], García-Gamboa, Ricardo, Díaz‑Torres, Osiris, Senés‑Guerrero, Carolina, Gradilla-Hernández, Misael Sebastian, Moya, Andrés, Pérez-Brocal, Vicente, Garcia-Gonzalez, Alejandro, González-Avila, Marisela, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72], García-Gamboa, Ricardo, Díaz‑Torres, Osiris, Senés‑Guerrero, Carolina, Gradilla-Hernández, Misael Sebastian, Moya, Andrés, Pérez-Brocal, Vicente, Garcia-Gonzalez, Alejandro, and González-Avila, Marisela

Abstract

This study examined the interplay between bacterial and fungal communities in the human gut microbiota, impacting on nutritional status and body weight. Cohorts of 10 participants of healthy weight, 10 overweight, and 10 obese individuals, underwent comprehensive analysis, including dietary, anthropometric, and biochemical evaluations. Microbial composition was studied via gene sequencing of 16S and ITS rDNA regions, revealing bacterial (bacteriota) and fungal (mycobiota) profiles. Bacterial diversity exceeded fungal diversity. Statistically significant differences in bacterial communities were found within healthy-weight, overweight, and obese groups. The Bacillota/Bacteroidota ratio (previously known as the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio) correlated positively with body mass index. The predominant fungal phyla were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, with the genera Nakaseomyces, Kazachstania, Kluyveromyces, and Hanseniaspora, inversely correlating with weight gain; while Saccharomyces, Debaryomyces, and Pichia correlated positively with body mass index. Overweight and obese individuals who harbored a higher abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, demonstrated a favorable lipid and glucose profiles in contrast to those with lower abundance. The overweight group had elevated Candida, positively linked to simple carbohydrate consumption. The study underscores the role of microbial taxa in body mass index and metabolic health. An imbalanced gut bacteriota/mycobiota may contribute to obesity/metabolic disorders, highlighting the significance of investigating both communities.

Published
2024

40. Unraveling the gut‐brain connection: The association of microbiota‐linked structural brain biomarkers with behavior and mental health.

Author

Contreras‐Rodriguez, Oren, Blasco, Gerard, Biarnés, Carles, Puig, Josep, Arnoriaga‐Rodríguez, Maria, Coll‐Martinez, Clàudia, Gich, Jordi, Ramió‐Torrentà, Lluís, Motger‐Albertí, Anna, Pérez‐Brocal, Vicente, Moya, Andrés, Radua, Joaquim, and Manuel Fernández‐Real, José

Subjects
HEALTH behavior, DIFFUSION tensor imaging, MAGNETIC resonance imaging, MENTAL health, GUT microbiome
Abstract

Aim: The gut microbiota can influence human behavior. However, due to the massive multiple‐testing problem, research into the relationship between microbiome ecosystems and the human brain faces drawbacks. This problem arises when attempting to correlate thousands of gut bacteria with thousands of brain voxels. Methods: We performed brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans on 133 participants and applied machine‐learning algorithms (Ridge regressions) combined with permutation tests. Using this approach, we were able to correlate specific gut bacterial families with brain MRI signals, circumventing the difficulties of massive multiple testing while considering sex, age, and body mass index as confounding factors. Results: The relative abundance (RA) of the Selenomonadaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Veillonellaceae families in the gut was associated with altered cerebellar, visual, and frontal T2‐mapping and diffusion tensor imaging measures. Conversely, decreased relative abundance of the Eubacteriaceae family was also linked to T2‐mapping values in the cerebellum. Significantly, the brain regions associated with the gut microbiome were also correlated with depressive symptoms and attentional deficits. Conclusions: Our analytical strategy offers a promising approach for identifying potential brain biomarkers influenced by gut microbiota. By gathering a deeper understanding of the microbiota‐brain connection, we can gain insights into the underlying mechanisms and potentially develop targeted interventions to mitigate the detrimental effects of dysbiosis on brain function and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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44. Gut microbiota links to serum ferritin and cognition

Author

Rosell-Díaz, Marisel, primary, Santos-González, Elena, additional, Motger-Albertí, Anna, additional, Ramió-Torrentà, Lluís, additional, Garre-Olmo, Josep, additional, Pérez-Brocal, Vicente, additional, Moya, Andrés, additional, Jové, Mariona, additional, Pamplona, Reinald, additional, Puig, Josep, additional, Ramos, Rafael, additional, Fernández-Real, José Manuel, additional, and Mayneris-Perxachs, Jordi, additional

Published
2023
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45. On the thermodynamic origin of metabolic scaling

Author

Ballesteros, Fernando J., Martínez, Vicent J., Luque, Bartolo, Lacasa, Lucas, Valor, Enric, and Moya, Andrés

Subjects
Physics - Biological Physics, Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution, 92B05
Abstract

The origin and shape of metabolic scaling has been controversial since Kleiber found that basal metabolic rate of animals seemed to vary as a power law of their body mass with exponent 3/4, instead of 2/3, as a surface-to-volume argument predicts. The universality of exponent 3/4 -claimed in terms of the fractal properties of the nutrient network- has recently been challenged according to empirical evidence that observed a wealth of robust exponents deviating from 3/4. Here we present a conceptually simple thermodynamic framework, where the dependence of metabolic rate with body mass emerges from a trade-off between the energy dissipated as heat and the energy efficiently used by the organism to maintain its metabolism. This balance tunes the shape of an additive model from which different effective scalings can be recovered as particular cases, thereby reconciling previously inconsistent empirical evidence in mammals, birds, insects and even plants under a unified framework. This model is biologically motivated, fits remarkably well the data, and also explains additional features such as the relation between energy lost as heat and mass, the role and influence of different climatic environments or the difference found between endotherms and ectotherms., Comment: 5 figures. Accepted for publication in Scientific Reports

Published
2014

46. OMC/INTEGRAL photometric observations of pulsating components in eclipsing binaries and characterization of DY Aqr

Author

Alfonso-Garzon, Julia, Montesinos, Benjamin, Moya, Andres, Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel, and Martin-Ruiz, Susana

Subjects
Physics - Space Physics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the search for eclipsing binaries with a pulsating component in the first catalogue of optically variable sources observed by OMC/INTEGRAL, which contains photometric data for more than 1000 eclipsing binaries. Five objects were found and a detailed analysis of one of them, DY Aqr, has been performed. Photometric and spectroscopic observations of DY Aqr were obtained to analyse the binary system and the pulsational characteristics of the primary component. By applying the binary modelling software phoebe to the OMC and ground-based photometric light curves, and to the radial velocity curve obtained using echelle high-resolution spectroscopy, the physical parameters of the system have been determined. Frequency analysis of the residual data has been performed using Fourier techniques to identify pulsational frequencies. We have built a grid of theoretical models to classify spectroscopically the primary component as an A7.5V star (plus or minus one spectral subtype). The best orbital fit was obtained for a semi-detached system configuration. According to the binary modelling, the primary component has Teff = 7625+-125 K and log g = 4.1+-0.1 and the secondary component has Teff = 3800+-200 K and log g = 3.3+-0.1, although it is too faint to isolate its spectral features. From the analysis of the residuals we have found a main pulsation frequency at 23.37 c/d, which is typical of a delta Scuti star. In the O-C diagram no evidence of orbital period changes over the last 8 years has been found., Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2014
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48. Fecal microbiota transplantation in HIV: A pilot placebo-controlled study

Author

Serrano-Villar, Sergio, Talavera-Rodríguez, Alba, Gosalbes, María José, Madrid, Nadia, Pérez-Molina, José A., Elliott, Ryan J., Navia, Beatriz, Lanza, Val F., Vallejo, Alejandro, Osman, Majdi, Dronda, Fernando, Budree, Shrish, Zamora, Javier, Gutiérrez, Carolina, Manzano, Mónica, Vivancos, María Jesús, Ron, Raquel, Martínez-Sanz, Javier, Herrera, Sabina, Ansa, Uxua, Moya, Andrés, and Moreno, Santiago

Published
2021
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49. Weighing stars from birth to death: mass determination methods across the HRD

Author

Serenelli, Aldo, Weiss, Achim, Aerts, Conny, Angelou, George C., Baroch, David, Bastian, Nate, Beck, Paul G., Bergemann, Maria, Bestenlehner, Joachim M., Czekala, Ian, Elias-Rosa, Nancy, Escorza, Ana, Van Eylen, Vincent, Feuillet, Diane K., Gandolfi, Davide, Gieles, Mark, Girardi, Léo, Lebreton, Yveline, Lodieu, Nicolas, Martig, Marie, Miller Bertolami, Marcelo M., Mombarg, Joey S. G., Morales, Juan Carlos, Moya, Andrés, Nsamba, Benard, Pavlovski, Krešimir, Pedersen, May G., Ribas, Ignasi, Schneider, Fabian R. N., Silva Aguirre, Victor, Stassun, Keivan G., Tolstoy, Eline, Tremblay, Pier-Emmanuel, and Zwintz, Konstanze

Published
2021
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50. Iron status influences non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obesity through the gut microbiome

Author

Mayneris-Perxachs, Jordi, Cardellini, Marina, Hoyles, Lesley, Latorre, Jèssica, Davato, Francesca, Moreno-Navarrete, José Maria, Arnoriaga-Rodríguez, María, Serino, Matteo, Abbott, James, Barton, Richard H., Puig, Josep, Fernández-Real, Xavier, Ricart, Wifredo, Tomlinson, Christopher, Woodbridge, Mark, Gentileschi, Paolo, Butcher, Sarah A., Holmes, Elaine, Nicholson, Jeremy K., Pérez-Brocal, Vicente, Moya, Andrés, Clain, Donald Mc, Burcelin, Rémy, Dumas, Marc-Emmanuel, Federici, Massimo, and Fernández-Real, José-Manuel

Published
2021
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