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Abstract A group of Niclosamide-linked isatin hybrids (Xo, X1, and X2) was created and examined using IR, 1HNMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry. These hybrids' cytotoxicity, antioxidant, cell cycle analysis, and apoptosis-inducing capabilities were identified. Using the SRB assay, their cytotoxicity against the human HCT-116, MCF-7, and HEPG-2 cancer cell lines, as well as VERO (African Green Monkey Kidney), was evaluated. Compound X1 was the most effective compound. In HCT-116 cells, compound X1 produced cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, promoted cell death, and induced apoptosis through mitochondrial membrane potential breakdown in comparison to niclosamide and the control. Niclosamide and compound X1 reduced reactive oxygen species generation and modulated the gene expression of BAX, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and PAR-4 in comparison to the control. Docking modeling indicated their probable binding modalities with the XIAP BIR2 domain, which selectively binds caspase-3/7, and highlighted their structural drivers of activity for further optimization investigations. Computational in silico modeling of the new hybrids revealed that they presented acceptable physicochemical values as well as drug-like characteristics, which may introduce them as drug-like candidates. The study proved that compound X1 might be a novel candidate for the development of anticancer agents as it presents antiproliferative activity mediated by apoptosis.

Background: Surgical residency training is prominently demanding and stressful. This can affect the residents' wellbeing, work-life balance and increase the rates of burnout. We aimed to assess rates of satisfaction and burn-out among GS residents in the national training programs and provide a subsequent in-depth analysis of the potential reasons. Method: A sequential explanatory mixed-methods study was conducted using an online survey and virtual interviews. The validated abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory (aMBI) was used to assess burnout while satisfaction was assessed via 5-points Likert scale. Results: After excluding incomplete responses from the total 74 received, 53 were analyzed. The average participant age was 27.4 ± 2 years, with females comprising 52 % of the sample. Junior residents made up 58.5 %, and nearly half −45 %- considered quitting GS training. Moderate to high burnout rates were noted on each aMBI subscale, ranging from 41.7 % to 62.5 %. The majority of residents expressed dissatisfaction with the level of research engagement (81.1 %), supervision, and mentorship. However, operative exposure was a source of satisfaction. Dissatisfaction rates with intra-operative learning, academia, teaching, and clinical exposure were 62.3 %, 52.8 %, 50.9 %, and 35.8 %, respectively. Interviews revealed surgical case flow and a friendly work environment as major satisfaction sources. Conversely, lack of academic supervision and suboptimal hands-on training were major dissatisfaction sources. Conclusion: Dissatisfaction and burn-out is prevalent among national GS training programs. Sub-optimal educational delivery and low-quality hands-on operative exposure -rather than lack of exposure to cases- seem to be the culprit.

This study presents a comprehensive Finite Element (FE) model of the multiple-cable-to-pylon head joint within a specific cable roof structure. The analysis focuses on the upper part of the pylon substructure, particularly the pylon head joint, to examine its localized behavior under a set of internal forces derived from a simplified FE model. The steel tubular components of the pylon substructure were precisely simulated using thin shell elements. The designers of this particular roof structure proposed two solutions for reinforcing the pylon-head joint, while an additional novel strengthening technique was introduced, aimed at enhancing the joint's performance. These three strengthening methods, along with the original design joint, were modeled numerically, and the joint's effectiveness was assessed. The findings of the analysis indicate that the newly proposed strengthening technique exhibits greater potential for stiffening the considered pylon-head joint compared to the other introduced solutions. The study concludes with significant insights relevant to practical applications.

Background: Cutaneous neoplastic disorders are often observed in small mammal pets, such as dogs, regardless of their gender. Aim: An important objective of this work was to give a full account of clinical, pathological, and immune-histochemical features of several skin tumours in dogs. Methods: This study was a case series in the hospital clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt. Twenty-five dogs (14 males, and 11 females) were examined clinically during the period from March 2022 to October 2023. The skin swelling was collected from affected animals and then subjected to a detailed histopathological study to record the different gross and microscopic findings and confirmed the diagnosis by immunohistochemistry. Results: Skin neoplasia in dogs was exposed to various clinical signs, and the dogs' ages ranged between 3 to 11 years. Concerning tumor features, the majority of neoplasms were malignant (65.52%) more than benign (34.48%).The study revealed the presence of 29 cases of dogs showed neoplasia with different prevalence rate including squamous cell carcinoma (13.79%), mast cell tumor (6.89%), basal cell tumours (10.34%), histiocytoma (6.89%), trichoepithelioma (10.34%), transmissible venereal tumor (10.34%), trichilemmoma (3.44%), scalp paraganglioma (3.44%), pilomatricoma (10.34%), malignant melanomas (17.24%), and miscellaneous cases as fat necrosis (6.89%), in males and females dogs with different histopathological lesions and immunohistochemistry expressions for Pan-Cytokeratin (CK), melanocyte-differentiation antigens (S100 protein) and synaptophysin. Conclusion: Malignant melanomas (17.24%) are the extreme common cutaneous tumor diagnosed in this study. Meanwhile, benign tumors such as trichilemmoma, trichoepithelioma, pilomatricoma, and paraganglioma are less frequent in dogs. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(1.000): 481-499]

Inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase are key tactics for managing blood glucose levels. Currently, stronger, and more accessible inhibitors are needed to treat diabetes. Indeno[1,2-b] quinoxalines-carrying thiazole hybrids 1–17 were created and described using NMR. All analogues were tested for hypoglycaemic effect against STZ-induced diabetes in mice. Compounds 4, 6, 8, and 16 were the most potent among the synthesised analogues. These hybrids were examined for their effects on plasma insulin, urea, creatinine, GSH, MDA, ALT, AST, and total cholesterol. Moreover, these compounds were tested against α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes in vitro. The four hybrids 4, 6, 8, and 16 represented moderate to potent activity with IC50 values 0.982 ± 0.04, to 10.19 ± 0.21 for α-glucosidase inhibition and 17.58 ± 0.74 to 121.6 ± 5.14 μM for α-amylase inhibition when compared to the standard medication acarbose with IC50=0.316 ± 0.02 μM for α-glucosidase inhibition and 31.56 ± 1.33 μM for α-amylase inhibition. Docking studies as well as in silico ADMT were done.

This study performed a sensitivity analysis to correlate the frictional head loss calculated by the Darcy-Weisbach (D-W) and the Hazen-Williams (H-W) formulas. For a broad variety of fluid temperatures, velocities, and pipeline diameters, this study considered an extensive discussion and analysis to determine friction loss within pressurized pipelines using Microsoft Excel. Regression analysis and statistical tools were applied to improve the relationship between the two equations. A more accurate expression was developed to calculate the friction loss in terms of the H-W equation. The estimated values were compared with previous experimental and numerical studies, and a good agreement was observed. The proposed model was evaluated using WaterGEMS software in an application example of a water supply system against the D-W and H-W equations. Good agreements were recorded between predicted values and previous studies, with an error of less than 1%. These findings can be used to improve the hydraulic design of engineering applications.

Abstract A new chitosan Schiff base was developed via the reaction of chitosan (CH) with 2-chloro-3-formyl-7-ethoxy quinoline (Q) derivative. The alteration in the chemical structure and morphology of CHQ derivative was confirmed by 1H NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy and SEM analysis. The antibacterial activity was considerably promoted with increasing quinoline concentration up to 1 M with maximal inhibition reached 96 and 77% against Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Escherichia coli, respectively. Additionally, CHQ derivative afforded higher ABTS·+ radical scavenging activity reached 59% compared to 13% for native chitosan, approving its acceptable antioxidant activity. Moreover, the developed CHQ derivative can stimulate the glucose uptake in HepG-2 and yeast cells, while better inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase was accomplished with maximum values of 99.78 and 92.10%, respectively. Furthermore, the molecular docking simulation clarified the binding mode of CHQ derivative inside the active site of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, suggesting its potential use as diabetes mellitus drug. The DFT calculations indicated an improvement in the electronic properties of CHQ with a lower energy band gap reached 4.05eV compared to 5.94eV for CH. The cytotoxicity assay revealed the safety of CHQ towards normal HSF cells, hypothesizing its possible application as non-toxic antibacterial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic agent for biomedical applications.

Quinoxalines are a family of nitrogen-based heterocyclic compounds that have garnered much interest because of their wide range of applications. 2,3-Dichloroquinoxaline is an aromatic molecule that frequently serves as a synthetic intermediate in materials science, pharmaceuticals, and organic chemistry. 1,3-Dithiolo[4,5-b]quinoxaline derivatives 8a–c and thiazolo[4,5-b]quinoxaline derivatives 11a,b were synthesized by the reaction of 2,3-dichloro-6-sulfonyl quinoxaline derivative 5 with 1,3-binucleophiles. Moreover, 1,3-dithiolo[4,5-b]quinoxalin2-ylidene derivatives 8a–c were obtained by treating 2,3-dichloro-6-sulfonyl quinoxaline derivative 5 with potassium salts of hydrazonodithioates 7a–c at room temperature. Additionally, 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline derivative 5 was reacted with thioureas 9a,b in 1,4-dioxane to yield 6-(pyrrolidin-1-yl sulfonyl)thiazolo[4,5-b]quinoxalin-2(3H)-imines 11a,b rather than thiazolo[5,4-b]quinoxaline 10. Elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectroscopy were used to confirm the structures of the newly synthesized compounds. Finally, we used artificial intelligence to perform biological evaluation via predicting the possible molecular targets and antimicrobial activity of the designed derivative. The results showed good bacterial activity, weak fungal potency, and potential biological targets.

Background: Rituximab is a human monoclonal antibody directed against the B-cell transmembrane protein CD20. Although well-tolerated, given its mechanism of action, rituximab can induce a state of severe immunosuppression, increasing the risk of opportunistic and fulminant infection and mortality. Aim: To evaluate the risk of infection, mortality, and hypogammaglobulinemia and their associated factors among rituximab receivers. Method: This was a single-center retrospective cohort study of adults treated with rituximab for various indications. Hypogammaglobulinemia was defined by a cut-off value below the normal limit (an IgG level of 2 were included. Hematological malignancies and connective tissue diseases were the most common primary diagnoses for which rituximab was used. More than half of the patients received the 375 mg/m2 dose. Rituximab’s mean cumulative dose was 3216 ± 2282 mg, and the overall mortality rate was 22.6%. Hypogammaglobulinemia was diagnosed in 43.8% of the patients, and it was significantly more prevalent among males and the 375 mg/m2 and 500 mg doses. Hematological malignancy was the only predictor for infection. Patients with blood type AB or B, hematological malignancies, and corticosteroids had a significantly higher mortality rate. Receiving the 1000 mg dose and having a low CD19 were associated with a significantly lower risk of infection and mortality, respectively. Conclusions: Hypogammaglobulinemia was diagnosed in 43.8% of the patients, and it was significantly more common among males and the 375 mg/m2 and 500 mg doses. Hematological malignancies were significantly associated with higher infection and mortality rates, while corticosteroids were significantly associated with a higher mortality. Since the culprit of mortality was infection, these findings highlight the critical need for more frequent immunological monitoring during rituximab treatment period to mitigate the burden of infection and identify candidates for immunoglobulin replacement.

Abstract The present study investigates the free vibration behavior of rotating beams made of functionally graded materials (FGMs) with a tapered geometry. The material properties of the beams are characterized by an exponential distribution model. The stiffness and mass matrices of the beams are derived using the principle of virtual energy. These matrices are then evaluated using three different beam theories: Bernoulli–Euler (BE) or Classical Beam Theory (CBT), Timoshenko (T) or First-order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT), and Reddy (R) or Third-order Shear Deformation Theory (TSDT). Additionally, the study incorporates uncertainties in the model parameters, including rotational velocity, beam material properties, and material distribution. The mean-centered second-order perturbation method is employed to account for the randomness of these properties. To ensure the robustness and accuracy of the probabilistic framework, numerical examples are presented, and the results are compared with those obtained through the Monte Carlo simulation technique. The investigation explores the impact of critical parameters, including material distribution, taper ratios, aspect ratio, hub radius, and rotational speed, on the natural frequencies of the beams is explored within the scope of this investigation. The outcomes are compared not only with previously published research findings but also with the results of 3-Dimensional Finite Element (3D-FE) simulations conducted using ANSYS to validate the model’s effectiveness. The comparisons demonstrate a strong agreement across all evaluations. Specifically, it is observed that for thick beams, the results obtained from FSDT and TSDT exhibit a greater agreement with the 3D-FE simulations compared to CBT. It is shown that the coefficient of variation (C.O.V.) of first mode eigenvalue of TSDT, FSDT and CBT are approximately identical for random rotational velocity and discernible deviations are noted in CBT compared to FSDT and TSDT in the case of random material properties. The findings suggest that TSDT outperforms FSDT by eliminating the need for a shear correction coefficient, thereby establishing its superiority in accurately predicting the natural frequencies of rotating, tapered beams composed of FGMs.

An efficient numerical approach based on weighted-average finite differences is used to solve the Newtonian plane Couette flow with wall slip, obeying a dynamic slip law that generalizes the Navier slip law with the inclusion of a relaxation term. Slip is exhibited only along the fixed lower plate, and the motion is triggered by the motion of the upper plate. Three different cases are considered for the motion of the moving plate, i.e., constant speed, oscillating speed, and a single-period sinusoidal speed. The velocity and the volumetric flow rate are calculated in all cases and comparisons are made with the results of other methods and available results in the literature. The numerical outcomes confirm the damping with time and the lagging effects arising from the Navier and dynamic wall slip conditions and demonstrate the hysteretic behavior of the slip velocity in following the harmonic boundary motion.

Ivermectin is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic drug with outstanding efficacy and a wide margin of safety. This drug has been widely utilized in veterinary medicine since 1987, and its use in humans has grown. Ivermectin is a broad-spectrum anti-parasitic agent licensed by the FDA. Ivermectin is a mixture of 80% or more avermectin B1a (AB1a) analogue and 20% or less avermectin B1b analogue. Iverzine has been proven to have widespread antiviral action in recent years. Ivermectin has also a broad-spectrum activity against the viruses that cause dengue, Zika, HIV, and yellow fever in vitro. Despite this in vitro action, no clinical trials have shown that ivermectin has a therapeutic benefit in patients with these viruses. Some ivermectin studies have also revealed potential anti-inflammatory qualities, which may be beneficial in persons with COVID-19. However, the use of ivermectin in animals was also associated with some histopathological effects in the internal organs including the liver, kidney, spleen, and brain. The purpose of this review was to provide light on the mechanism of action of ivermectin and its related histopathological consequences in various animal species.

In this study, the side effects of some anti-covid-19 drugs (Favipiravir and Dexamethasone) were evaluated through the pathological, and clinicopathological changes in the tissues of rats. 30 rats were divided into 6 groups (Gp1- control), (Gp2 received 0.54 mg/kg dexamethasone), (Gp3 received 200 mg/kg favipiravir), (Gp4 received 400 mg/kg favipiravir), (Gp5 received 200 mg/kg favipiravir + 0.54 mg/kg dexamethasone) and (Gp6 received 400 mg/kg favipiravir + 0.54 mg/kg dexamethasone). The histopathological and clinical results showed that both favipiravir and dexamethasone-induced lesions in the liver, kidney, and lung as well as increased liver functions (alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and C-reactive protein) and kidney functions (Urea and creatinine). Also increased oxidative stress parameters such as malondialdehyde and decreased antioxidants in liver, and kidney tissues. The gene expression in splenic tissues showed an increase in NF-kb, IL6, and TNF when animals were exposed to 400 mg/kg favipiravir. While these genes (NF-kb, IL6, and TNF) decreased when animals received a combination of favipiravir with dexamethasone. In gp3, hydropic degeneration was noted in both the kidney and liver. In Gp4, necrotic changes in the liver, and vacuolation of the renal glomerular tufts were observed. In Gp5, the necrotic hepatic tissues were infiltrated with mononuclear cells, and necrosis and inflammation in renal tubules in the kidney were shown. In gp6, leukocytic infiltration was noted in both the kidney and liver. In conclusion, the anti-Covid-19 drugs could induce pathological changes in the internal organs of the rat.

Nanotechnology-based strategies can overcome the limitations of conventional cancer therapies. Hence, novel series of pyrimidine Schiff bases (4–9) were employed in the synthesis of selenium nanoparticle forms (4NPs–9NPs). All selenium nano-sized forms exerted greater inhibitions than normal-sized compounds, far exceeding 5-fluorouracil activity. Compound 4 showed effective anti-proliferative activity against MCF-7(IC50 3.14 ± 0.04 µM), HepG-2(IC50 1.07 ± 0.03 µM), and A549(IC50 1.53 ± 0.01 µM) cell lines, while its selenium nanoform 4NPs showed excellent inhibitory effects, with efficacy increased by 96.52%, 96.45%, and 93.86%, respectively. Additionally, 4NPs outperformed 4 in selectivity against the Vero cell line by 4.5-fold. Furthermore, 4NPs exhibited strong inhibition of CDK1(IC50 0.47 ± 0.3 µM) and tubulin polymerase(IC50 0.61 ± 0.04 µM), outperforming 4 and being comparable to roscovitine (IC50 0.27 ± 0.03 µM) and combretastatin-A4(IC50 0.25 ± 0.01 µM), respectively. Moreover, both 4 and 4NPs arrested the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and significantly forced the cells towards apoptosis. Molecular docking demonstrated that 4 and 4NPs were able to inhibit CDK1 and tubulin polymerase binding sites.

The present study was designed to investigate the protective, and curative potentials of Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves powder against streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in rats. Fifty adult Wistar male albino rats were randomized and divided into five equal groups: The normal control group, the Moringa group, The diabetic group, the therapeutic group, and the diabetic rats (3 days after STZ injection) were received-MO-for successive 8 weeks and the prophylactic group, the rats were received-MO-for 2 weeks before STZ induced diabetic rats and lasted for 8 weeks. The protective or treated oral administration of 1 ml freshly prepared aqueous leaf decoction of-MO-revealed a significant upregulation of the mRNA expression of PDX-1, Ngn3, VEGF, IGF-1, and GLUT-2. Additionally, it induced a significant downregulation of FBG level compared to that of the diabetic group, a significant reduction in MDA level and a significant elevation in the TAC level. Furthermore, the histopathological observations of pancreas, liver, and kidney tissues affirmed the improvement in treated and prophylactic groups compared to STZ-diabetic groups, and the improvement in the prophylactic group was more distinct than the treated group. MO-aqueous leaf extract can treat and protect against STZ-induced T1DM; via its antioxidant action (increase the TAC and decrease MDA). Thus, it has the potential for utilization as a prophylactic against diabetes.

The addiction of tumors to elevated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels is a hallmark of cancer metabolism. Obstructing NAD+ biosynthesis in tumors is a new and promising antineoplastic strategy. Inhibitors developed against nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the main enzyme in NAD+ production from nicotinamide, elicited robust anticancer activity in preclinical models but not in patients, implying that other NAD+-biosynthetic pathways are also active in tumors and provide sufficient NAD+ amounts despite NAMPT obstruction. Recent studies show that NAD+ biosynthesis through the so-called “Preiss-Handler (PH) pathway”, which utilizes nicotinate as a precursor, actively operates in many tumors and accounts for tumor resistance to NAMPT inhibitors. The PH pathway consists of three sequential enzymatic steps that are catalyzed by nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase (NAPRT), nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferases (NMNATs), and NAD+ synthetase (NADSYN1). Here, we focus on these enzymes as emerging targets in cancer drug discovery, summarizing their reported inhibitors and describing their current or potential exploitation as anticancer agents. Finally, we also focus on additional NAD+-producing enzymes acting in alternative NAD+-producing routes that could also be relevant in tumors and thus become viable targets for drug discovery.

A natural fermentation product called ivermectin (IVM), which is generated from the soil bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis, is a broad range of anthelmintic, pesticide, and antiviral. Several immune system functions are impacted by zinc. The goal of the current investigation was to determine how therapeutic doses of ivermectin and monozinc affected the liver, spleen, and lung in terms of histopathological changes, as well as the clinical results of lymphocytes, TNF, and γ globulin. Fifteen female white albino rats were equally divided into three groups, group 1 was assigned as a control, and group 2 received a therapeutic dose of ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg BW/SC) with 18 mg of zinc per day orally for one month, and group 3 that received a double therapeutic dose of zinc (0.36 mg/kg BW/SC) orally for one month. The observed macroscopic histopathological changes in group 2 were enlargement of the livers with microscopical mild vacuolation of some hepatocytes with hyperplasia of Kupffer cells. Some areas of the liver showed necrotic changes. The lungs were congested and showed catarrhal pneumonia. The spleens were enlarged and congested, and showed microscopically, hyalinization of the central arterioles with an increase in the lymphocytes of the white pulp and hemorrhage in the red pulp. The histopathological changes in group 3 indicated congestion of the central vein and hepatic sinusoids with hemosiderin pigment and perivascular aggregation of mononuclear cells in the liver, while the lungs, microscopically showed mild catarrhal bronchitis, and the spleen showed hyperplasia of the lymphoid follicle of the white pulp ad reduction of the red pulp. The obtained results of the present study indicated that ivermectin with zinc act as immunostimulants for different cells responsible for immunity in the body tissue.

Background and Objective: Cancer survival has improved significantly, which reflects the achievements in screening, diagnosis, and treatment. As a consequence, multiple primary malignancies are diagnosed more frequently, with an incidence ranging from 0.52–11.7%. The types of malignancy that coexist and survival patterns vary notably in different countries and geographical areas. Due to the limited literature in Saudi Arabia, a baseline of prevalent malignancy combinations and their survival patterns would support early detection and disease management. Method: This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted from 1993–2022 at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Department of Medical Oncology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Patients with at least two biopsy-proven solid malignancies were included. Patients with hematological malignancies, missing data, or an uncertain or indecisive pathology report were excluded. Result: In total, 321 patients were analyzed. More than half (57.3%) of the patients were female. A third (33%) of the cases were synchronous, and 67% were metachronous. The most frequent site of the first primary malignancy was breast cancer, followed by colorectal, skin, and thyroid cancers. The most frequent site of the second primary malignancy was colorectal cancer, followed by thyroid, breast, and liver cancers. Only 4% of the cases had a third primary malignancy, with colorectal and appendiceal cancers being the most frequent. The most frequently observed histopathology in the synchronous and metachronous malignancies was adenocarcinoma. Breast–colorectal, breast–thyroid, and kidney–colorectal were the most frequently observed malignancy combinations. Conclusion: The current study offers a baseline of multiple primary malignancies in Saudi Arabia and provides supporting evidence that the pattern of multiple primary malignancies varies among different countries and ethnicities. The possibility of developing another primary malignancy should be considered when treating and monitoring cancer patients.

Methylmercury (MeHg) toxicity is associated with extensive neuronal degeneration of dorsal root ganglia (DRG). This study aimed to assess the ameliorative effect of bee venom (BV) on methyl mercury chloride (MeHgCl)-induced peripheral neurotoxicity using DRGs in rats. Forty-eight adult male Sprague Dawley rats were allocated into four equal groups: G I: control (gavaged MilliQ water 1 ml/rat), G II: subcutaneously injected with BV (0.5 mg/kg b.wt), G III: gavaged MeHgCl (6.7 mg/kg b.wt), and G IV: received MeHgCl+BV. Dosing was done five times/week for 2 weeks. Ataxic behavior and visual impairments were significantly increased, whereas the movement behavior and motility gait were suppressed in the MeHgCl group. MeHgCl significantly decreased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in DRG and significantly decreased the serum levels of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) levels were significantly elevated, whereas interleukin 10 (IL-10) levels were significantly decreased in the MeHgCl group compared with the control group. DRGs of the MeHgCl-exposed rats showed pyknotic shrunken neurons with perineural vacuolations, demyelination of nerve axons, and proliferation of the satellite cells. MeHgCl significantly induced a higher positive index ratio of Iba-1, SOX10, neurofilament, pan-neuron, and vimentin immunostaining in the DRG. BV administration significantly mitigated the MeHgCl-induced alterations in oxidative stress-related indices. BV modified the immunostaining of Iba-1, SOX10, neurofilament, pan-neuron, and vimentin-positive index ratio in the DRG of the MeHgCl group. Our findings acknowledged that BV could enhance in vivo neuroprotective effects against MeHgCl-induced DRGs damage in male rats.