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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrine illness. It has a detrimental effect on many organs including male reproductive system. Royal Jelly (RJ) has many health promoting properties such as antioxidant and antidiabetic effect. Aim of the Work: The current study was conducted to study the possible ameliorative effect of RJ on the histological and immunohistochemical changes in testicular tissue induced by type Ⅰ DM. Materials and Methods: 30 adult male albino rats were used and classified into 3 groups. Group I (control group), Group 2 (diabetic group) that was injected intraperitoneally with single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (40 mg/kg) and Group III (RJ treated diabetic group) that was injected with STZ as Group II and after confirmation of diabetes received royal jelly at dose of (100 mg/kg/day) for a period of 4 weeks. For histological and immunohistochemical staining for caspase-3 and Ki-67, testicular specimens were prepared. Results: The widely spaced, irregular seminiferous tubules in group II (diabetic rats) testicles were clearly involved, and their luminal spermatozoa were absent. The lining epithelium height was also significantly reduced. There were numerous vacuoles replacing spermatogenic cell layers. Congested blood vessels in interstitial tissue and Leydig cells with dark stained nuclei were noticed. The KI-67 immuno-expression was significantly reduced, while the area percent of caspase3 immuno-expression was significantly increased. The testes from group III (the diabetic group receiving RJ treatment) displayed a significantly better histological picture with the preservation of germinal epithelium in the majority of seminiferous tubules. The KI-67 immunoexpression was increased significantly while the area percent of caspase3 immuno-expression was reduced significantly. Conclusion: RJ ameliorated the testicular damaging effect of type Ⅰ DM on testis through reduction of apoptosis and preserving spermatogenesis. الخلفية: يعد مرض السكري مشكلة صحية شائعة.وقد وجد ان لارتفاع نسبة السكر بالدم أضرار بالغة لكل من الخصائص المورفولوجية للخصيتين و كذلك تكوين الحيوانات المنوية.ويتميز غذاء ملكات النحل بخصائص عديدة مثل انه مضاد للاكسدة وله تأثير مضاد للسكرى. الهدف من البحث: هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم الدور الوقائي لغذاء ملكات النحل على التغيرات التى يسببها مرض السكري من النوع الأول المستحث بعقار الستربتوزوتوسين للخصية في الجرذان البالغة. مواد وطرق البحث: تم تقسيم ثلاثين ذكرا من الجرذان البيضاء البالغة الذين تتراوح اعمارهم بين ١٠ و ١٢ اسبوعا و تصل أوزانهم إلى ٢٥٠ جرام تقريبا إلى ثلاث مجموعات متساوية. المجموعة الضابطة)المجموعة ١(تلقت محلولً فسيولوجيًا ملحيًا) ١مل/كجم/يوميًا(. مجموعه مرض السكري المستحث)المجموعة ٢(وتم حقنها داخل الصفاق بجرعه واحده من ٥٠ ملى جرام/كيلو جرام من الستربتوزوتوسين,وبعد ثبوت الإصابه بالسكري تركت بدون علاج لمدة ٤ اسابيع.مجموعة غذاء ملكات النحل)المجموعة ٣(وتم حقنها مثل المجموعه الثانية وبعد ثبوت الإصابه بالسكري تلقت عن طريق الفم جرعه ١٠٠ مجم/كجم/اليوم من غذاء ملكات النحل لمدة ٤ أسابيع, تم تحضير عينات من الخصيتين لجميع الجرذان وصباغتها للدراسة بالمجهر الضوئي)الهيماتوكسيلين والإيوسين،صبغة 67-Ki. 3- و Caspase بالإضافة إلى الصبغة الهستوكيميائية المناعية ، PAS النتائج: يسبب داء السكري تغير ملحوظ في السمات النسيجية للخصية بالإضافة إلى زيادة كبيرة في النسبة المئوية 67-Ki. 3- وانخفاض في التعبير المناعي Caspase لمساحة التعبير المناعي وقد أدى تعاطي غذاء ملكات النحل كمكمل غذائي إلى تحسن في السمات النسيجية للخصية، وانخفاض كبير في النسبة 67-Ki. 3- ، وزيادة كبيرة في التعبير المناعي Caspase المئوية لمساحة التعبير المناعي الاستنتاج: يقوم غذاء ملكات النحل بتأثيرات واقية على اعتلال الخصية الناجم عن داء السكري لتمتعه بخصائص مضادة للاكسدة مما يققل من الموت المبرمج للخلايا. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic diseases causing damage in many organs in the body including the testes. Royal Jelly (RJ) is one of the honey bee products that has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties. This study was performed to evaluate the changes in the microscopic structure of the testes in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, and the possible protective role of RJ. 60 adult male albino rats were divided into three groups. Group I Control group, Group II STZ group, and Group III STZ+RJ group. Group II received a single dose of STZ (50 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection. Group III received a single dose of STZ as in the second group then received RJ orally by intragastric tube in dose of (100 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks after confirmation of diabetes. Light and electron microscopic studies were performed. Group II revealed marked structural changes affecting seminiferous tubules with sever reduction in germinal epithelium and loss of mature spermatozoa in their lumina. The interstitial tissue revealed degenerated Leydig cells and congested blood vessels. Mallory trichrome stained section of group II revealed marked increase in the amount of collagen fibers. Group III revealed highly preserved testicular architecture almost near to that appeared in the control group except few tubules that were damaged. In conclusion, RJ protected the testicular structure from the damaging effect of diabetic oxidative stress through its antioxidant effect thus preserving male fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GC-MS analysis of isolated alkaloids from aerial parts of Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forsk.) Decne (Asclepiadaceae) was performed. Twenty-four alkaloids and six simple amines were detected for the first time in this plant. Almost all of the alkaloids belonged to pyridine, pyrrole, pyrazine, and indole types. The acute LC50 of the total alkaloids and alcohol extracts estimated by means of brine shrimp toxicity test were 63.09 and 11.89 ppm, respectively. The antitumor activities of these extracts, using potato disc screen, showed good activity represented by −33.6% and −49.3%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation of the chemical constituents of Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forsk.) Decne (Asclepiadaceae) led to the isolation of three cardiac glycosides; 14,19-dihydroxycard-20 (22)-enolide-3- O-[ β-d-glucopyranosyl- β-d-digitoxoside] C-I, 14,19-dihydroxycard-20 (22)-enolide-3- O-[ β-d-glucopyranosyl- β-d-glucopyranoside] C-II and 14,19-dihydroxycard-20 (22)-enolide-3- O- β-d-digitoxoside C-III. The isolation and identification of these compounds were carried out using rotation locular counter current chromatography (RLCCC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The structures of the isolated compounds were established by fast-atom bombardment (FAB) and electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis. The acute toxicity studies of the cardiac glycosides and total alcohol extracts were examined by brine shrimp. Their lethal concentration 50 (LC50) were 18.84 and 11.89 ppm, respectively. The antitumor activity potato disk assays of the cardiac glycosides and total alcohol extracts had shown good activity − 30.8% and 49.3%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An investigation of Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forsk.) Decne (Asclepiadaceace) chemical constituents led to the isolation of six flavonoids, kaempferol-3- O-α-rhamnopyranosyl (1′″→6″)- O-β--glucopyranoside (E-I.1), kaempferol-3- O-β--rhamnopyranosyl (1′″→6″)- O-β--glucopyranoside (E-I.2), texasin-7- O-β-glucopyranoside E-II.2, kaempferol-3- O-β--glucopyranoside (E-III.1), kaempferol (E-IV.1) and kaempferide-3- O-α--rhamnopyranosyl (1′″→6″)- O-β-glucopyranoside (E-I.1a). The isolation of these compounds was carried out using Sephadex LH-20 low pressure liquid chromatography (LPLC), preparative paper chromatography (PC), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were established by mass spectrometry (FAB- and EI- techniques), nuclear magnetic resonance NMR (1H-, 13C- and COSY) spectral data and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopic techniques. The acute toxicity of total alcoholic and total flavonoid extracts were examined by brine shrimp. The LC50 values were 11.89 and 84.14 ppm for the total alcoholic and total flavonoid extracts, respectively. The mortality rates of the isolated flavonoid fractions of E-I, E-I.1, E-I.2 represent the higher percentages of mortality compared with the rest of the flavonoid fractions. The plant exhibited activity as an antitumor agent in the initial potato disc screen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One new prenylated 1,4-anthraquinone and three new prenylated anthranols, named kengaquinone (1) and kenganthranols A (2), B (3), and C (4), were isolated from a hexane extract of the stem bark of Harungana madagascariensis. Six known compounds including anthraquinones, anthrones, and xanthones were also isolated and identified. The structures of the new compounds were determined by analysis of spectroscopic data and comparison with data of previously known analogues. Some isolated compounds (3-5, 7-11) were evaluated for their alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity. Compounds 3, 4, 8, and 11 showed significant activity, whereas compounds 7, 9, and 10 were inactive in this test.