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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ionising and ultraviolet radiation on stimulating melanin secretion in Tetrahymena pyriformis. Cell cultures were exposed to different doses of radiation for 48, 72 and 96 h. After incubation, melanin was extracted and analysed. Our results showed that melanin concentration increased with increasing irradiation dose and exposure duration. Melanin was insoluble in water and organic solvents but soluble in alkaline and acidic solutions. A linear correlation between the logarithm of melanin absorbance and wavelength ranging from 400 to 600 nm was observed. The HPLC chromatograms of melanin degradation products by the alkaline hydrogen peroxide oxidation method revealed the existence of four peaks. The natural melanin standard extracted from the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis was used as a reference compound of eumelanin markers. These markers were detected in control cells, irradiated cells and black human hair but with different intensities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to identify the major compounds present in Cedar tar obtained by distillation of Cedrus atlantica wood from the Taza forest (Morocco) and to evaluate its antidermatophytic activity in vitro against the three strains of dermatophytes most widespread in Morocco, considered the main prevailing causes of fungal infections of the skin, hair and nails. GC/MS analysis revealed that cedar tar is composed mainly of hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes, with nine major compounds identified, including α-Cedrene, β-Cadinene, γ-Cadinene, β-Himachelene, α-Turmerone, β-Turmerone, Ar-tumerone, α-Atlantone and Himachalol. The evaluation of antifungal activity was carried out by the micro dilution technique. The MIC values found were 100µg/mL, 2µg/mL and 0.1µg/mL on Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum canis strains respectively. The observed strong antifungal activity of cedar tar is attributed to the prevalence of oxygenated and hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes, known for their established antidermatophytic properties. This study highlights the potential of the Atlas Cedar tar as an effective antifungal agent for the treatment of superficial mycoses, particularly dermatophytoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of the benzimidazole-2-ylcarbamate methyl (Carbendazim) in corrosion inhibition for carbon steel has been studied using stationary and transient electrochemical techniques. The potentiodynamic curves show that Carbendazim acts as a mixed-type inhibitor. The electrochemical impedance diagrams show a capacitive response of carbon steel with and without inhibitors at different concentrations in 1M HCl. The polarization resistance increases with increasing inhibitor concentration. Consequently, the inhibition efficiency increases and reaches 84% at 10-2M and its adsorption follows the Langmuir isotherm. This shows that the protective effect of Carbendazim is significant in an acidic medium. The study of the synergistic effect with KI shows that an equimolar mixture of KI and Carbendazim compound enhances the inhibition efficiency. The theoretical investigation of the tested compound ability to inhibit corrosion using DFT shows that the HOMO, LUMO, and electrostatic potential maps surfaces can qualitatively identify the most nucleophilic and electrophilic centers, this will enable us to give an adsorption mechanism for the inhibitor studied on the metal surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C26H24N4, contains one pyrazole ring and two phenyl rings, which are nearly perpendicular to the benzimidazole ring system. In the structure, there is one intra­molecular C—H⋯N hydrogen-bonding inter­action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is of interest to study the binding capacity of "3-[2-(2-Amino-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)ethyl]-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one" (OXB2) with the active site of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) located in the GABA type A receptor (GABAAR) in comparison with different GABAA subtypes. Optimal binding features were observed with the α2β2γ2 isoform (-8 kcal/mol). This is similar (-7.3 and -7.2 kcal/mol, respectively) for subtypes (α3β2γ2 and α1β2γ2). This implies that OXB2 binds preferentially to subtypes associated with anxiety (α2- and/or α3-containing receptors) linked molecules than with the subtype associated with sedation (α1-containing receptors). It is further noted that molecular dynamics simulation data of the complex (OXB2-GABAAR) shows adequate structural stability in aqueous environment. Moreover, relevant ADMET data is found adequate for further consideration., (© 2020 Biomedical Informatics.)

In the title mol-ecule, C 12 H 13 N 3 O 2 S, the benzo-thia-zine moiety is slightly non-planar, with the imidazolidine portion twisted only a few degrees out of the mean plane of the former. In the crystal, a layer structure parallel to the bc plane is formed by a combination of O-H Hydethy ⋯N Thz hydrogen bonds and weak C-H Imdz ⋯O Imdz and C-H Bnz ⋯O Imdz (Hydethy = hy-droxy-ethyl, Thz = thia-zole, Imdz = imidazolidine and Bnz = benzene) inter-actions, together with C-H Imdz ⋯π(ring) and head-to-tail slipped π-stacking [centroid-to-centroid distances = 3.6507 (7) and 3.6866 (7) Å] inter-actions between thia-zole rings. The Hirshfeld surface analysis of the crystal structure indicates that the most important contributions for the crystal packing are from H⋯H (47.0%), H⋯O/O⋯H (16.9%), H⋯C/C⋯H (8.0%) and H⋯S/S⋯H (7.6%) inter-actions. Hydrogen bonding and van der Waals inter-actions are the dominant inter-actions in the crystal packing. Computational chemistry indicates that in the crystal, C-H⋯N and C-H⋯O hydrogen-bond energies are 68.5 (for O-H Hydethy ⋯N Thz ), 60.1 (for C-H Bnz ⋯O Imdz ) and 41.8 kJ mol -1 (for C-H Imdz ⋯O Imdz ). Density functional theory (DFT) optimized structures at the B3LYP/6-311 G(d,p) level are compared with the experimentally determined mol-ecular structure in the solid state., (© Srhir et al. 2020.)

The title compound, C 18 H 12 FNOS, is built up from a 4-fluoro-benzyl-idene moiety and a di-hydro-benzo-thia-zine unit with a propynyl substituent, with the heterocyclic portion of the di-hydro-benzo-thia-zine unit adopting a shallow boat conformation with the propynyl substituent nearly perpendicular to it. The two benzene rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 43.02 (6)°. In the crystal, C-H Flurphen ⋯F Flurphen (Flurphen = fluoro-phen-yl) hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into inversion dimers, enclosing R 2 2 (8) ring motifs, with the dimers forming oblique stacks along the a -axis direction. Hirshfeld surface analysis of the crystal structure indicates that the most important contributions to the crystal packing are from H⋯H (33.9%), H⋯C/C⋯H (26.7%), H⋯F/F⋯H (10.9%) and C⋯C (10.6%) inter-actions. Hydrogen bonding and van der Waals inter-actions are the dominant inter-actions in the crystal packing. Density functional theory (DFT) optimized structures at the B3LYP/6-311 G(d,p) level are compared with the experimentally determined mol-ecular structure in the solid state. The HOMO-LUMO behaviour was elucidated to determine the energy gap.