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Background This study sought to document and understand facilitators and barriers to producing, translating, and using modeled evidence in decision-making in Burkina Faso, Nigeria, India, and Kenya. We explored researcher-decision-maker engagement mechanisms as key facilitators of evidence use, with a focus on knowledge brokers and boundary organizations. Methods The study used sequential mixed methods drawing on data collected from surveys and key informant interviews, complemented by a rapid desk review to map modeling activities and actors. The survey was conducted online while the qualitative research entailed in-depth interviews with modelers, knowledge brokers, and decision-makers working in a representative variety of health fields, organizations, and levels of government. This study was approved by Health Media Lab IRB (Institutional Review Board) in the United States and a local IRB in each study country and conducted between September 2021 and June 2022. Results Informants interviewed for this study described a range of factors that facilitate and inhibit the use of modeled evidence in public health decision-making at the individual, organizational, and environmental levels. Key themes included the capacity to produce, translate, and use modeled evidence; the timing and relevance of modeling outputs; the existence of communications channels between modelers and decision-makers; the strength of underlying data systems; the role of sustained funding; and the impact of global crises. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of taking an ecosystem approach to supporting modeling activities, considering individual, organizational, and environmental factors and how different actors and interact to inform the production, translation, and use of modeled evidence. Structured interaction that promotes dialogue, debate, and joint sense making between the producers and users of evidence is critical to informing and influencing the use of evidence in decision-making.

Maternal mortality remains a major public health issue in Africa, and particularly in Niger. The majority of pregnant women in developing countries rely on medicinal plants for their basic health care despite the presence of modern medicine. This study aims to create an inventory of the plants used traditionally to facilitate childbirth in Matamèye and Niamey two localities in Niger. The survey was carried out using a structured pre-designed questionnaires administered to 119 traditional healers’ interviewees in the localities of Matamèye and Niamey. The work was carried out over a period of five months from 01 February to 30 June 2021. The study identified 68 medicinal formulations, most of them being combinations of 2 to 4 different plants. Those formulations are used in the investigated localities for the care of women gestation from pregnancy to delivery. These recipes are formulated from 51 species, divided into 46 genera and 25 families. The most commonly used parts of the listed plants are roots, barks, leaves, seeds and even whole plants. Maceration was the most common method of preparation and the remedies were mainly administered orally. This study highlighted the richness of Niger's biodiversity in plants that could be used in the care of pregnancy. The study revealed that Fabaceae is the most used plants family, with Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forssk.) Decne being the most used species. Subject to thoughtful biological, pharmacological and chemical investigations, these plants may represent an interesting potential for the discovery of a new natural oxytocic medication.

Pesticides are chemicals used to control pests with sometime harmful effects on human health. This paper presents results of self-reported health effects experienced by cotton farmers in the Central-West region of Burkina Faso. It was a cross-sectional survey conducted from October to December 2021 among 585 consenting conventional and organic cotton farmers. Data collected included pesticides used, they use conditions, farming practices, experienced health effects. Binary logistic regression was used to find relationships between self-reported health effects and the type of cotton produced. Results showed that all conventional cotton farmers (100%) reported using synthetic pesticides compared to organic ones who using only natural insecticides. Both conventional and organic farmers reported health effects that occurred at least once since they started using pesticides, involving skin effects (85.27% conventional, 65.52% organic), nervous (88.95% conventional, 48,71% organic), respiratory (88.10% conventional, 67.67% organic) systems. 99.72% of conventional farmers vs 46.98% of organic ones reported skin irritation following pesticide use. 69.97% of conventional vs 35.34% of organic cotton farmers reported acute signs such as severe headaches. In univariate and multivariate logistic regressions, severe headaches, dizziness, skin, and ocular effects were significantly associated with conventional farmers compared to organic ones (p

Background Adolescent malnutrition is a significant public health challenge in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), with long-term consequences for health and development. Community-based interventions have the potential to address multiple forms of malnutrition and improve the health outcomes of adolescents. However, there is a limited understanding of the content, implementation and effectiveness of these interventions. This scoping review aims to synthesise evidence on community-based interventions targeting multiple forms of malnutrition among adolescents in LMICs and describe their effects on nutrition and health.Methods and analysis A comprehensive search strategy will be implemented in multiple databases including MEDLINE (through PubMed), Embase, CENTRAL (through Cochrane Library) and grey literature, covering the period from 1 January 2000 to 14 July 2023. We will follow the Participants, Concept and Context model to design the search strategy. The inclusion criteria encompass randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies focusing on adolescents aged 10–19 years. Various types of interventions, such as micronutrient supplementation, nutrition education, feeding interventions, physical activity and community environment interventions, will be considered. Two reviewers will perform data extraction independently, and, where relevant, risk of bias assessment will be conducted using standard Cochrane risk-of-bias tools. We will follow the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews checklist while reporting results.Ethics and dissemination The scope of this scoping review is restricted to publicly accessible databases that do not require prior ethical approval for access. The findings of this review will be shared through publications in peer-reviewed journals, and presentations at international and regional conferences and stakeholder meetings in LMICs.Scoping review registration The final protocol was registered prospectively with the Open Science Framework on 19 July 2023 (https://osf.io/t2d78).

Background This study sought to document and understand facilitators and barriers to producing, translating, and using modeled evidence in decision-making in Burkina Faso, Nigeria, India, and Kenya. We explored researcher-decision-maker engagement mechanisms as key facilitators of evidence use, with a focus on knowledge brokers and boundary organizations. Methods The study used mixed methods drawing on analysis from key informant interviews and surveys, complemented by a rapid desk review to map modeling activities and actors. The survey was conducted online while the qualitative research entailed in-depth interviews with modelers, knowledge brokers, and decision-makers working in a representative variety of health fields, organizations, and levels of government. This study was approved by Health Media Lab IRB (Institutional Review Board) in the United States and a local IRB in each study country and conducted between September 2021 and June 2022. Results Informants interviewed for this study described a range of factors that facilitate and inhibit the use of modeled evidence in public health decision-making at the individual, organizational, and environmental levels. Key themes included the capacity to produce, translate, and use modeled evidence; the timing and relevance of modeling outputs; the existence of communications channels between modelers and decision-makers; the strength of underlying data systems; the role of sustained funding; and the impact of global crises. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of taking an ecosystem approach to supporting modeling activities, considering individual, organizational, and environmental factors and how different actors and interact to inform the production, translation, and use of modeled evidence. Structured interaction that promotes dialogue, debate, and joint sense making between the producers and users of evidence is critical to informing and influencing the use of evidence in decision-making.

Introduction : Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst est une plante utilisée comme des précurseurs de composés naturels bioactifs utilisées par l’homme pour ses diverses propriétés telles qu’antihelminthiques, antibactériennes, antioxydantes, antidiabétiques, anti-inflammatoires et éventuellement un effet sur l’utérus gravide. Le but de cette étude était de comparer la composition phytochimique et l’activité contractile sur l’utérus isolé des macérés éthanolique des feuilles et des écorces du tronc de Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst. Méthodes :Les polyphénols et flavonoïdes ont été quantifiés. Les activités biochimiques (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP et 15-LOX) et l’effet contractile de muscle lisse utérin isolé des souris NMRI ont été évalués in vitro. Resultats et Discussion : La plus forte teneur des phénoliques totaux (490,3 ± 2,98 µg EAG/mgEs) a été obtenu avec l’écorce et celle des flavonoïdes (380,6 ± 0,37 µg EQ/mgEs) avec les feuilles. Les plus faibles CI50 en µg/mL, ont été obtenues avec l’extrait des écorces avec 1,94 ± 0,20 contre 4,22 ± 0,19 d’acide ascorbique pour le DPPH ; 34,17 contre 21,43 zileuton pour15-Lypoxygénase et 1,40 ± 0,05 des extraits des feuilles contre 3,08 ± 0,07 d’acide ascorbique pour l’ABTS. Les extraits des écorces et des feuilles avaient inhibés les spasmes utérins de base. L’extrait des écorces s’est révélé plus antioxydant par rapport à l’extrait des feuilles, ceci pourrait être dû à la forte teneur en polyphénols. En effet, l’utilisation traditionnelle de cette plante par les parturientes pourrait être liée à ses effets antioxydant et tocolytique.

A robust, well-functioning immune system is the cornerstone of good health. Various factors may influence the immune system’s effectiveness, potentially leading to immune system failure. This review aims to provide an overview of the structure and action of immunomodulators isolated from African medicinal plants. The research was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Full-text access research articles published in English up to December 2023, including plant characteristics, isolated phytochemicals, and immuno-modulatory activities, were screened. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were generated using ChemDraw® (version 12.0.1076), and convergent and distinctive signaling pathways were highlighted. These phytochemicals with demonstrated immunostimulatory activity include alkaloids (berberine, piperine, magnoflorine), polysaccharides (pectin, glucan, acemannan, CALB-4, GMP90-1), glycosides (syringin, cordifolioside, tinocordiside, aucubin), phenolic compounds (ferulic acid, vanillic acid, eupalitin), flavonoids (curcumin, centaurein, kaempferin, luteolin, guajaverin, etc.), terpenoids (oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, betulinic acid, boswellic acids, corosolic acid, nimbidin, andrographolides). These discussed compounds exert their effects through various mechanisms, targeting the modulation of MAPKs, PI3K-Akt, and NF-kB. These mechanisms can support the traditional use of medicinal plants to treat immune-related diseases. The outcomes of this overview are to provoke structural action optimization, to orient research on particular natural chemicals for managing inflammatory, infectious diseases and cancers, or to boost vaccine immunogenicity.

Introduction : La stérilisation des dispositifs médicaux (DM) dans les hôpitaux est primordiale dans la lutte contre les infections associées aux soins. Le but de ce travail était d’évaluer l’activité de stérilisation dans le Centre hospitalier universitaire pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle (CHUP-CDG). Matériels et méthodes: Il s’agissait d’une étude descriptive transversale et prospective réalisée dans cinq unités de soins du CHUP-CDG. Les données ont été recueillies à l’aide d’entretiens et d’observations directes des pratiques. Elles ont été analysées conformément au référentiel des bonnes pratiques de la pharmacie hospitalière française. Résultats : De nombreuses insuffisances ont été relevées. Au niveau organisationnel, elles concernaient principalement l’absence de suivi pharmaceutique de l’activité de stérilisation des DM, sa dispersion dans les unités de soins, l’insuffisance de formation et de moyens de protection du personnel, l’inadéquation architecturale et organisationnelle des locaux, l’absence ou l’inadéquation de certains matériels et produits spécifiques, l’absence d’un système d’assurance qualité. Au niveau de la pratique de l’activité, les insuffisances étaient principalement les non-respects des mesures d’hygiène et de protection individuelles, des concentrations des produits et des temps de trempage inadaptés. En outre, l’utilisation de la stérilisation à la chaleur sèche, l’absence de contrôle et de traçabilité du processus ont été observées. Conclusion : L’activité de stérilisation des DM au CHUP-CDG présente de nombreuses insuffisances qui nécessitent impérativement la mise en œuvre de mesures correctives.

Abstract Mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC)

Although Erythrina senegalensis is a plant widely used in traditional medicine in sub-Saharan Africa, its biological properties have been poorly investigated to date. We first characterized by conventional reactions the composition of several stem bark extracts and evaluated in acellular and cellular assays their pro- or antioxidant properties supported by their high phenolic and flavonoid content, particularly with the methanolic extract. The pro- or antioxidant effects observed did not correlate with their IC50 concentrations against five cancer cell lines determined by MTT assay. Indeed, the CH2Cl2 extract and its ethyl acetate (EtOAc) subfraction appeared more potent although they harbored lower pro- or antioxidant effects. Nevertheless, at equipotent concentration, both extracts induced ER- and mitochondria-derived vacuoles observed by fluorescent microscopy that further led to non-apoptotic cell death. LC coupled to high resolution MS investigations have been performed to identify chemical compounds of the extracts. These investigations highlighted the presence of compounds formerly isolated from E. senegalensis including senegalensein that could be retrieved only in the EtOAc subfraction but also thirteen other compounds, such as 16:3-Glc-stigmasterol and hexadecanoic acid, whose anticancer properties have been previously reported. Nineteen other compounds remain to be identified. In conclusion, E. senegalensis appeared rich in compounds with antioxidant and anticancer properties, supporting its use in traditional practice and its status as a species of interest for further investigations in anticancer drug research.

The socioeconomically important fruit tree Parkia biglobosa is becoming less abundant in the West African savannah, possibly due to poor regeneration. This decline can be self-enforcing if lower densities of fertile trees result in increasing self-pollination followed by increased abortion rates or poor regeneration due to inbreeding depression. Hence, we have studied the reproductive success and seedling viability of P. biglobosa after controlled self- and cross-pollination based on a full diallel crossing design with eight trees. Controlled cross-pollination tripled the pod set compared to open-pollinated capitula, suggesting that fruiting of P. biglobosa trees in the study area is already seriously pollen limited. Self-pollination and specific pairs of trees resulted in very few pods, suggesting a high level of self-incompatibility. Cross-pollination resulted in larger pods with more and heavier seeds than self-pollinated pods. The total amount of sugar in the fruit pulp was correlated with both the number of healthy and total seeds per pod. Growth rate of self-pollinated seedlings was lower than the cross-pollinated ones, suggesting significant inbreeding depression. Because the wild fruit trees play an important role in human nutrition, these results give rise to serious concerns. We recommend that future studies investigate how the level of cross-pollination can be increased and how the regeneration of P. biglobosa, whether natural or planted, can be improved.

The objective of this study was to carry out a systematic review of the substances isolated from the African medicinal plant Erythrina senegalensis, focusing on compounds harboring activities against cancer models detailed in depth herein at both in vitro and in vivo preclinical levels. The review was conducted through Pubmed and Google Scholar. Nineteen out of the forty-two secondary metabolites isolated to date from E. senegalensis displayed interesting in vitro and/or in vivo antitumor activities. They belonged to alkaloid (Erysodine), triterpenes (Erythrodiol, maniladiol, oleanolic acid), prenylated isoflavonoids (senegalensin, erysenegalensein E, erysenegalensein M, alpinumisoflavone, derrone, warangalone), flavonoids (erythrisenegalone, senegalensein, lupinifolin, carpachromene) and pterocarpans (erybraedine A, erybraedine C, phaseollin). Among the isoflavonoids called “erysenegalensein”, only erysenealenseins E and M have been tested for their anticancerous properties and turned out to be cytotoxic. Although the stem bark is the most frequently used part of the plant, all pterocarpans were isolated from roots and all alkaloids from seeds. The mechanisms of action of its metabolites include apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy and mitophagy via the modulation of cytoplasmic proteins, miRNA and enzymes involved in critical pathways deregulated in cancer. Alpinumisoflavone and oleanolic acid were studied in a broad spectrum of cancer models both in vitro and in preclinical models in vivo with promising results. Other metabolites, including carpachromen, phaseollin, erybraedin A, erysenegalensein M and maniladiol need to be further investigated, as they display potent in vitro effects.

One of the socio-economically important West African parkland trees, Parkia biglobosa yields pods consumed by people and animals. Being animal-pollinated, it is unknown how climate change will affect the species if the guild of pollinators changes. Here, we compare the pollinator guilds and the pod production at two climatically different study sites: the first site, Tiba was drier with lower tree density and fewer fruit bats, whereas the second site, Pinyiri was more humid, with higher tree density and more fruit bats. We carried out a pollinator exclusion trial with bags separating the flower-visitors and made observations of the flower-visitors. Furthermore, we calculated pollination distances based on paternity analysis of the seeds produced within the trial. The numbers of immature fruits were similar for the sites, but the drier site, Tiba experienced more abortion and decreased pod set. At both sites, exclusion of bats led to marginally reduced pod set, while exclusion of bats and honey bees led to significantly reduced pod set. We found a small effect of stingless bees and solitary bees but only at the more humid site, Pinyiri. Tiba experienced a higher level of self-pollination, fewer pollen donors per tree, and longer median distances of pollen flow, compared with Pinyiri. Implications of the results for management of the species and its pollinators in the face of climate change are discussed.

La prise en charge médicamenteuse de l'hypertension artérielle (HTA) entraine des effets indésirables qui peuvent être gênants et ainsi influencer l'observance du patient. Nous avons étudié ces effets indésirables dans le service de cardiologie du Centre hospitalier universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo afin de déterminer leurs fréquences et leurs caractéristiques. Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale de juillet à septembre 2015 chez les patients suivis en ambulatoire pour HTA. Les données ont été obtenues à partir de l'interrogatoire, des carnets de suivi des patients et des fiches de consultations. Au total 278 patients ont été inclus. La population d'étude incluait 69,1% de femmes. L'âge moyen était de 52,2 ans avec des extrêmes de 23 et 86 ans. Quatre vingt et sept virgule huit pourcent (87,8%) vivaient en milieu urbain. Le tabagisme, la dyslipidémie et les antécédents familiaux d'HTA représentaient respectivement 9%, 35,6% et 57,2%. Au plan thérapeutique, 43,2% étaient sous monothérapie, 35,6% sous bithérapie à l'initiation du traitement. Les inhibiteurs calciques (59,7%) étaient la classe thérapeutique la plus utilisée. La prévalence globale des effets indésirables était de 60,1%. Les inhibiteurs calciques étaient impliqués dans 53,6% suivis des diurétiques (48,6%) dans la survenue de l'effet indésirable. La prévalence spécifique par molécule était 28,1% pour l'amlodipine et 24,5% pour l'hydrochlorothiazide. La diurèse excessive (13,7%), la toux (12,9%) et les vertiges (11,5%) étaient les effets indésirables les plus fréquemment évoqués par les patients. Le système nerveux central et périphérique et le système ostéo-musculaire étaient les systèmes les plus atteints. Les effets indésirables sont un déterminant majeur de l'adhésion aux traitements antihypertenseur, car leur impact sur la vie quotidienne des patients peut s'avérer significatif.

INTRODUCTION : il s'agit d'analyser la prise en charge du nouveau-né dans le cadre de la stratégie na-tionale de subvention des accouchements et des soins obstétricaux et néonatals d'urgence mis en place par le gouvernement du Burkina Faso en 2006. METHODES : nous avons menée une étude à visée descriptive et analytique comportant un volet ré-trospectif du 01 janvier 2006 au 31 décembre 2010 portant sur les paramètres épidémiologiques, cliniques des nouveau-nés hospitalisés et un volet prospectif du 3 octobre 2011 au 29 février 2012 par une entrevue des accompagnateurs des nouveau-nés et des prestataires des services de santé. RESULTATS : les hospitalisations ont augmenté de 43,65% entre 2006 à 2010 Le taux de mortalité néo-natale hospitalière qui était de 11,04% a connu une réduction moyenne annuelle de 3,95%. L'entrevue a porté sur 110 accompagnateurs et 76 prestataires. La majorité des prestataires (97,44%) et des ac-compagnateurs (88,18%) étaient informés de la stratégie mais n'avait pas une connaissance exacte de sa définition. Les prestataires (94,74%) ont signalé des ruptures de médicaments, consommables médicaux et des pannes d' appareils de laboratoire et d'imagerie. Parmi les accompagnateurs (89%) disaient être satisfaits des services offerts et (72,89%) trouvaient les coûts abordables mais évoquaient les difficultés du transport. Conclusion : La subvention a amélioré la prise en charge du nou-veau-né mais son optimisation nécessiterait une meilleur information et implication de tous les acteurs. CONCLUSION : la subvention a amélioré la prise en charge du nouveau-né mais son optimisation nécessiterait une meilleur information et implication de tous les acteurs.

Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed for an indigenous fruit tree, Parkia biglobosa, as a tool to study reproductive biology and population structure. Here we use the primers to determine the number of fathers per pod. Methods and Results: Microsatellite loci were enriched in a genomic sample and isolated using pyrosequencing. Eleven primer pairs were characterized in two populations of P. biglobosa in Burkina Faso (each with 40 trees). The number of alleles per locus ranged from eight to 15, and one locus had null alleles. We genotyped seeds from 24 open-pollinated pods. The genotypic profiles of seeds per pod suggest that all seeds are outcrossed and that only one pollen donor sires all ovules in a single fruit. Conclusions: Ten microsatellite markers were highly polymorphic. All seeds per pod of P. biglobosa were full siblings. The markers will be useful for reproductive and population genetic studies.

In recent years, porous ceramics have been widely studied because of their excellent technological properties. The intrinsic technological characteristics depend on the forming process and the application for which the materials are intended. A clay raw material (75 mass%) which is rich in melting oxides and waste peanut shells (25 mass%) were used to manufacture porous ceramics for the removal of arsenic from borehole water in Burkina Faso. A borehole water analysis shows a concentration of arsernic of 39 μg L−1 above the WHO standard. The porous ceramics were obtained from samples shaped by unidirectionnal pressing and after sintering at 900 °C (MKOR9) or 1100 °C (MKOR11). Unlike MKOR9 materials, MKOR11 materials consist of 27 % mullite phases. MKOR9 and MKOR11 porous materials presented a diametrical compression stress to rupture greater than 0.15 MPa, as recommended in the literature for ceramic filters. The obtained permeability value of MKOR11 ceramic materials (53,802 L/h.m2.bar) is much higher than that of MKOR9 (18596 L/h m2 bar), although its open porosity (61 %) is lower than that of MKOR9 materials (65 %). The removal rate obtained with MKOR9 is 24 % compared to 95 % for MKOR11. MKOR11 filters almost completely reduce arsenic concentration below the WHO limit values, which is not the case for MKOR9 materials. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process is the chemisorption. This work has shown that MKOR11 ceramic filters have a very impressive effectiveness, and they could be manufactured for the benefit of the remote population.

Introduction : La majorité des médicaments anticancéreux actuels sont pro-apoptotiques alors que dans les cancers l’apoptose est dérégulée ou inhibée expliquant en partie leur inefficacité. C’est pourquoi, trouver des médicaments d’origine végétale activant des types de mort cellulaire autres que l’apoptose pourrait constituer une alternative prometteuse. Le présent travail vise à démontrer les propriétés anticancéreuses des extraits de Erythrina senegalensis, une plante médicinale africaine utilisée dans le traitement des infections, de l’inflammation, de la douleur, de l’asthénie et des fibromes Matériels et méthodes : L’effet cytotoxique des extraits d’écorce de tronc au dichlorométhane, au dichlorométhane / méthanol (1 :1) et au méthanol a été évalué via le test MTT et la vidéomicroscopie quantitative (VMQ). L’apoptose et de la cinétique du cycle cellulaire ont été étudiées via la technique TUNEL/PI. Les marqueurs fluorescents (acridine orange, LysoTracker, MitoTracker et ER-Tracker) ont permis de caractériser l’origine de la vacuolisation cytoplasmique. Résultats : Les extraits testés étaient cytotoxiques. La VMQ et le TUNEL/PI ont révélé une mort cellulaire non-apoptotique ni autophagique (LysoTracker (-)). La vacuolisation du cytoplasme provenait du réticulum endoplasmique (ERTracker (+)) avec gonflement de mitochondrie (MitoTracker (+)), marqueurs de la parapoptose. Conclusion : E. senegalensis induit la parapoptose sur des cellules cancéreuses multirésistantes à l’apoptose.

Introduction : Les erreurs médicamenteuses sont fréquentes en néonatologie. Elles sont parfois critiques en situation de prématurité. Le but de la présente étude était de caractériser les erreurs médicamenteuses commises de la prescription à l’administration des traitements des patients admis au centre de néonatologie du CHU pédiatrique Charles de GAULLE. Matériel et méthodes : il s’est agi d’une étude observationnelle à visée descriptive. Elle s’est déroulée durant le mois d’avril 2023 au centre de néonatologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Charles de Gaulle (CHUP-CDG). La population d’étude était constituée des nouveau-nés admis pour soins au centre. Résultats : Au total 38 nouveau-nés ont été inclus dans l’étude. Deux cent quatorze (214) prescriptions, 36 préparations ou reconstitutions de médicaments, 54 administrations et 102 délivrances de traitement médicamenteux aux patients ont été analysées. Au total 179 erreurs médicamenteuses ont été identifiées. La prescription et l’administration des médicaments étaient les étapes qui comptaient le plus grand nombre d’erreur avec des proportions de 53,07 % et 40,78 %. La préparation/reconstitution des médicaments et la dispensation des traitements ont été sources d’erreurs médicamenteuses dans des proportions de 1,2% et 5,03%. Les erreurs de dose ont représenté 53,14 % des interventions pharmaceutiques. Selon le degré de réalisation, 41,90 % étaient des erreurs potentielles et la totalité des erreurs médicamenteuses n’avaient pas de conséquences significatives sur la santé des patients. Conclusion : Cette étude a permis détecter et de caractériser les erreurs survenues lors de processus du circuit clinique du médicament au centre de néonatologie du CHUP-CDG. Des renforcements de capacités des acteurs permettront de corriger les insuffisances relevées.

Introduction : Entre le médecin qui établit le diagnostic et définit la stratégie thérapeutique, et l’infirmier qui administre les soins aux malades doit se trouver le pharmacien qui s’intéresse à la validation et l’optimisation de la thérapeutique médicamenteuse, à la prévention de la pathologie iatrogène et contribue ainsi à l’excellence du projet thérapeutique du patient. La présente étude évalue les besoins d’interventions pharmaceutiques des praticiens des unités de soins pédiatriques. Méthodologie : Il s’est agi d’une étude transversale à visée descriptive qui s’est déroulée durant la période de mars à mai 2021. Elle s’est déroulée dans les quatre centres hospitaliers universitaires de la ville de Ouagadougou. Les données ont été recueillies à l’aide d’un questionnaire et traités avec le logiciel sphinx V5 et Excel 2016. Résultats : Au total 408 agents de santé des centres hospitaliers universitaires de Ouagadougou ont participé à l’étude. Les enquêtés étaient majoritairement les infirmiers, suivis des médecins généralistes. Les agents de santé qui avaient une ancienneté de service de 0 à 5 ans et 6 à 10 étaient les plus représentés avec respectivement 51,70% et 42,20%. Selon les enquêtés, 32% des activités pharmaceutiques dans l’hôpital était occupé par d’autres professionnels de la santé, contre 69,9%, dans leurs services. Les participants à l’étude n’étaient pas satisfaits des activités pharmaceutiques réalisées par les autres professionnels à 68,90%. Seulement 34,10% des enquêtés avait une notion sur la pharmacie clinique. Les contextes souhaités pour les interventions pharmaceutiques étaient le staff et lors de la visite médicale respectivement à 91,20% et 90,40%. Les principales limites dans la collaboration se rapportaient à l’insuffisance de communication et à l’absence de pharmaciens dans les services de soins cliniques. Conclusion : Cette étude décrit les attentes des autres praticiens en matière d’interventions pharmaceutiques. Des actions de renforcement des effectifs et de la place des pharmaciens dans les équipes hospitalières devront être envisagées.

Introduction : De nombreuses erreurs médicamenteuses surviennent lors de la transition du patient de la communauté à hôpital. La conciliation médicamenteuse constitue un moyen de prévention des iatrogénies médicamenteuses et la promotion de soins de santé de qualité et sécurisés. Objectif : Cette étude avait pour but d’implémenter la conciliation des traitements médicamenteux au sein de l’unité des urgences médicales du CHUP-CDG et d’évaluer son acceptabilité par l’équipe médicale. Méthodologie : Les patients admis dans les 12 heures ont été recensés et enrôlés suivant un consentement verbal d’un des parents ou de l’accompagnant durant la période du 15 Mars au 30 Avril 2023. Une fiche de conciliation validée par une préenquête a servi à la collecte des données relatives aux traitements du patient avant et à l’admission aux urgences médicales. Les données ont été colligées grâce au logiciel Kobocollect® puis analysées grâce au logiciel Kobotoolbox® et les divergences relevées ont été caractérisées. Résultats : Au total, 135 patients enrôlés ont présenté 412 lignes de traitement sur une période de six semaines. Le temps moyen de conciliation par patient était de 57 minutes. Soixante-et-onze (71) divergences non intentionnelles ont été recueillies, dont 39 omissions, 24 erreurs de posologie et 8 erreurs de dosage. Mille cent quatre-vingt-dix-huit (1198) divergences intentionnelles ont été répertoriées, dont 1125 documentées. Quarante-et-neuf (49) divergences non intentionnelles ont été corrigées après intervention pharmaceutique soit 69,01%. Conclusion : les résultats de cette étude permettent de justifier la nécessité d’intégrer la conciliation médicamenteuse dans la pratique clinique de routine. Il convient de conduire d’autres études à l’échelle de l’hôpital en vue d’explorer les conciliations de transfert et de sortie à partir des unités d’hospitalisation.

In Africa, nearly 46% of all mortality will be attributed to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) by 2030. While the cost of inaction far exceeds the cost of action against NCDs, global funding for the prevention and control of NCDs is minimal. The objective of this was to explore the Ministry of Health budget allocations for NCDs from 2010 to 2020 as well as the effect of the terrorism crisis on these allocations. The methodology was based on the budget tracking tool developed by the Scaling Up Nutrition Movement. Twenty-nine budget lines related to the prevention and/or control of NCDs have been identified. About 29.9 million USD were allocated to the fight against NCDs with an absorption rate of more than 98%.There is an upward trend of allocated budget characterized by an exponential increase from the development of the national integrated strategic plan for the fight against NCDs (2016–2020). In 2017, an increase of 184% compared to 2016 was observed. However, the efforts were challenged by the emergence of the terrorist threat which triggered in January 2016, leading to a drastic reduction in allocations for NCDs in favor likely of defense and security priorities as well as addressing the needs of internally displaced persons. A trend analysis suggests that the NCDs budget significantly decrease as the country global terrorist index increase. Further analysis is needed to better understand the implication on NCD incidence, and identify advocacy opportunities for mitigating the negative impact of the terrorist treat on NCDs and other development issues.

The paper describes lightweight-foamed concretes (LFC) that were formulated from cement, natural sand, and foam from a foaming agent with densities of 600 and 700 kg/m3. The identified mineral phases in the cement are alite, belite, Celite, ferrite, calcite, and gypsum. The obtained foamed concretes have a porosity varying from 29.17 to 37.14 vol%, a thermal conductivity below 0.2 W/m.K, and a mechanical strength greater than 2 MPa. At 28 days setting, the relative quantities of crystalline and amorphous phases were identified by XRD and DTA/TG. These techniques allowed to show the importance of the carbonation process and hydrated phases formation on the macroscopic strength increase. The microstructural characterization by image analyses evidences that when the density decreases, growth of both crystalline and amorphous phases in the bubble walls during setting is a mean of compensating the role of density in strength.

Aims: This study investigated the antioxidant activity and the 90 days subchronic toxicity of the standardized LAMIC phytomedicine prototype based on aqueous extracts from Lannea microcarpa trunk bark. Methods: Three spectrophotometric methods were used to evaluated the antioxidant activity of LAMIC which were 2,2-Diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzolin-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. For the standardized LAMIC subchronic toxicity study, male and female Wistar rats were used by daily oral administration at doses of 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg bw consecutively for 90 days. Results: The LAMIC extract exhibit better inhibitory activity against DPPH radical than ABTS radical with respective IC50 values of 45.38±3.21 µg/mL and 66.45±18.76 µg/mL, while FRAP assay exhibit antioxidant activity of 211.34±15.92 mmol EAA/g. Subchronic oral administration of LAMIC was well-tolerated at all tested doses. No behavioral and physiological changes and mortality were observed. The LAMIC extract did not present any impact on general hematological parameters and biochemical parameters. Moreover, no significant changes were raised in organ and body weight of treated groups compared to the Control group. Conclusion: These results support that LAMIC prototype was a valuable source of natural antioxidants and no toxicity was associated to it s long terms oral consumption in rats indicating a potential application as a cardiovascular protective formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background African animal trypanosomosis (AAT), transmitted by tsetse flies, is arguably the main disease constraint to integrated crop-livestock agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa, and African heads of state and governments adopted a resolution to rid the continent of this scourge. In order to sustainably reduce or eliminate the burden of AAT, a progressive and evidence-based approach is needed, which must hinge on harmonized, spatially explicit information on the occurrence of AAT and its vectors. Methods A digital repository was assembled, containing tsetse and AAT data collected in Burkina Faso between 1990 and 2019. Data were collected either in the framework of control activities or for research purposes. Data were systematically verified, harmonized, georeferenced and integrated into a database (PostgreSQL). Entomological data on tsetse were mapped at the level of individual monitoring traps. When this was not possible, mapping was done at the level of site or location. Epidemiological data on AAT were mapped at the level of location or village. Results Entomological data showed the presence of four tsetse species in Burkina Faso. Glossina tachinoides, present from the eastern to the western part of the country, was the most widespread and abundant species (56.35% of the catches). Glossina palpalis gambiensis was the second most abundant species (35.56%), and it was mainly found in the west. Glossina morsitans submorsitans was found at lower densities (6.51%), with a patchy distribution in the southern parts of the country. A single cluster of G. medicorum was detected (less than 0.25%), located in the south-west. Unidentified tsetse flies accounted for 1.33%. For the AAT component, data for 54,948 animal blood samples were assembled from 218 geographic locations. The samples were tested with a variety of diagnostic methods. AAT was found in all surveyed departments, including the tsetse-free areas in the north. Trypanosoma vivax and T. congolense infections were the dominant ones, with a prevalence of 5.19 ± 18.97% and 6.11 ± 21.56%, respectively. Trypanosoma brucei infections were detected at a much lower rate (0.00 ± 0.10%). Conclusions The atlas provides a synoptic view of the available information on tsetse and AAT distribution in Burkina Faso. Data are very scanty for most of the tsetse-free areas in the northern part of the country. Despite this limitation, this study generated a robust tool for targeting future surveillance and control activities. The development of the atlas also strengthened the collaboration between the different institutions involved in tsetse and AAT research and control in Burkina Faso, which will be crucial for future updates and the sustainability of the initiative. Graphical Abstract