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Background: We evaluated the evolution of mouth opening before and after radiotherapy of the head and neck in patients using intraoral stents. Materials and methods: Twenty-one patients with head and neck cancer who were indicated for radiotherapy participated in this study. Maximum interincisal opening measurements were performed before and after radiotherapy. Paired analyses of the pre- and post-radiotherapy groups were performed using paired samples t-tests and correlation analyses using Spearman's correlation test, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Paired analyses of the pre- and post-radiotherapy groups revealed a statistically significant reduction in post-radiotherapy maximum interincisal opening (p < 0.001). However, only four individuals were diagnosed with trismus after radiotherapy. Regarding the correlation tests, no statistically significant differences were observed between the differences in pre- and post-radiotherapy maximum interincisal opening values and the study variables. Conclusion: The use of prosthetic devices during head and neck radiotherapy can reduce radiation doses in areas of no interest, thereby preventing the acute and late toxicities associated with cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To establish the profile of patients who developed antiangiogenic agent-related osteonecrosis of the jaws, and identify the treatments currently used in dental management. We searched the PubMed®/Medline® and Scopus databases using the words “osteonecrosis AND antiangiogenic therapy”, with the following inclusion criteria: articles published in English, case reports, available online, and for an unlimited period. Of the 209 articles retrieved, 18 were selected, for a total of 19 case reports, since one article included two cases that met the inclusion criteria for this study. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws is characterized by exposure of necrotic bone in the oral cavity that does not heal over a period of 8 weeks in patients with no previous history of radiation therapy. Antiangiogenic drugs are indicated in the treatment of certain tumors, since they stop the formation of new blood vessels, controlling tumor growth and the chance of metastasis. Dental prevention is essential in patients who will be put on antiangiogenic agents, to minimize the risk for osteonecrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melanocytic nevi are acquired or congenital benign neoplasms, often found in skin but rarely in the oral mucosa. This article reports an atypical case of oral hypopigmented melanocytic nevus in a 39-year-old woman referred for evaluation of a well-circumscribed papule with discrete brownish spots in the buccal mucosa. An excisional biopsy was performed, the results of which led to a clinical diagnosis of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia. The histopathologic analysis resulted in a diagnosis of hypopigmented intramucosal melanocytic nevus. This unusual clinical manifestation of melanocytic nevus reinforces the importance of including nonpigmented or hypopigmented melanocytic nevi in the differential diagnosis of papules arising in the oral mucosa. A biopsy and subsequent histologic examination of the specimen are recommended to establish an accurate diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O fibroma traumático é uma hiperplasia reacional do tecido conjuntivo fibroso a partir de um trauma local, ocorrendo principalmente em mucosa jugal na linha de oclusão, mas também em gengiva, língua e mucosa labial. As lesões são geralmente sésseis, atingindo até 1,5 cm de extensão. Homem, 38 anos, encaminhado ao Projeto de Diagnóstico Clínico e Histopatológico da Faculdade de Odontologia (UFMS), com queixa estética. Tabagista e etilista pesado, sem comorbidades sistêmicas. Na história da doença atual, revelou lesão em língua, assintomática, crescente e com tempo de evolução de 1 ano. Ao exame físico intraoral, foi observada condição bucal ruim e nódulo em ápice de língua, de coloração avermelhada, séssil, com superfície lisa, contornos regulares, limites nítidos, diâmetro aproximado de 1 cm, consistência borrachoide e sem aparente relação de trauma crônico. Foi realizada biopsia excisional, que ocorreu sem intercorrências, e prescrição de analgésico via oral e bochecho com solução antimicrobiana. Através do exame histopatológico, observou-se epitélio estratificado pavimentoso queratinizado com aspectos de normalidade e tecido conjuntivo adjacente com aumento de feixes de fibras colágenas dispostas de maneira aleatória. O diagnóstico final foi de hiperplasia fibrosa focal. O pós-operatório ocorreu de maneira satisfatória e o paciente foi orientado a observar possíveis vícios que possam gerar traumas crônicos na mesma região. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]