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1. School-age growth and development following infant feeding and/or water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions in rural Zimbabwe: long-term follow-up of a cluster-randomised trial

Author

Piper, Joe D., Mazhanga, Clever, Mwapaura, Marian, Mapako, Gloria, Mapurisa, Idah, Mashedze, Tsitsi, Munyama, Eunice, Kuona, Maria, Mashiri, Thombizodwa, Sibanda, Kundai, Matemavi, Dzidzai, Tichagwa, Monica, Nyoni, Soneni, Saidi, Asinje, Mangwende, Manasa, Mbewe, Gabriel, Chidhanguro, Dzivaidzo, Mpofu, Eddington, Tome, Joice, Mutasa, Batsirai, Chasekwa, Bernard, Njovo, Handrea, Nyachowe, Chandiwana, Muchekeza, Mary, Sauramba, Virginia, Gladstone, Melissa J., Wells, Jonathan C., Allen, Elizabeth, Moulton, Lawrence H., Smuk, Melanie, Humphrey, Jean H., Langhaug, Lisa F., Tavengwa, Naume V., Ntozini, Robert, and Prendergast, Andrew J.

Published
2024
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2. Dedicated anticoagulation management protocols in fragility femoral fracture care – a source of significant variance and limited effectiveness in improving time to surgery: The hip and femoral fracture anticoagulation surgical timing evaluation (HASTE) study

Author

Smith, Matthew, Yoong, Andrel, Lim, Jun Wei, Yousef, Omar, McDonald, Stephen, Chileshe, Chinga, Ramus, Camilla, Clements, Christopher, Barrett, Liam, Rockall, Oliver, Geetala, Rahul, Islam, Saif Ul, Nasar, Ahmad, Almond, Kieran, Hassan, Ladan Fatima Yusuf, Shah, Sohan, Brand, Robert Bruce, Yawar, Bakhat, Gilmore, Catherine, McAuley, Daryl, Khan, Waleed, Subramanian, Padmanabhan, Ahluwalia, Aashish, Ozbek, Leyla, Awasthi, Prashant, Sheikh, Hassaan, Barkley, Sarah, Ardolino, Toni, Denning, Alexander, Thiruchandran, Gaj, Fraig, Hossam, Salim, Omar, Iqbal, Rabia, Guy, Stephen, Hogg, Jack, Bagshaw, Oliver, Asmar, Samir, Mitchell, Stephen, Quek, Fang, Fletcher, James, French, Jonathan, Graham, Selina, Sloper, Philip, Sadique, Hammad, Matera, Valentina, Sohail, Zain, Leong, Justin Wei, Issa, Fares, Greasley, Lauren, Marsden, Samuel, Parry, Lucy, Mannan, Syed, Zaheen, Humayoon, Moriarty, Peter, Manning, William, Morris, Timothy, Brockbanks, Carole, Ward, Peter, Pearce, Kim, McMenemy, Louise, Mahmoud, Mohamed, Kieffer, Will, Lal, Aayush, Collis, Justin, Chandrasekaran, Karthik, Foxall-Smith, Michael, Raad, Marjan, Kempshall, Peter, Cheuk, Jocelyn, Leckey, Sam, Gupta, Rishav, Engelke, Daniel, Kemp, Mark, Venkatesan, Aakaash, Hussain, Adnan, Simons, Michiel, Raghavendra, Ram Mohan, Rohra, Satish, Deo, Sunny, Vasarhelyi, Ferenc, Thelwall, Claire, Cullen, Krista, Al-Obaidi, Bilal, Fell, Adam, Thaumeen, Ahmad, Dadabhoy, Maria, Ali, Mira, Ijaz, Sameer, Lin, David, Khan, Basharat, Alsonbaty, Mohamed, Lebe, Moritz, Millan, Ravi Kant, Imam, Sam, Theobald, Emma, Cormack, Jonathan, Sharoff, Lokesh, Eardley, Will, Jeyapalan, Rathan, Alcock, Liam, Clayton, Julia, Bates, Natalie, Mahmoud, Yousif, Osborne, Alex, Ralhan, Shvaita, Carpenter, Catriona, Ahmad, Mahmood, Ravi, Sanjeev Musuvathy, Konbaz, Tarek, Lloyd, Thomas, Sheikh, Nomaan, Swealem, Ahmed, Soroya, Emma, Rayan, Faizal, Ward, Thomas, Vasireddy, Aswinkumar, Clarke, Ellisiv, Sikdar, Oishi, Smart, Yat Wing, Windley, Joseph, Ilagan, Belen, Brophy, Edel, Joseph, Sarah, Lowery, Kathryn, Jamjoom, Ammer, Ismayl, Ghiath, Aujla, Randeep, Sambhwani, Sharan, Ramasamy, Arul, Khalaf, Ahmed, Ponugoti, Nikhil, Teng, Wai Huang, Masud, Saqib, Otoibhili, Eghe, Clarkson, Martin, Nafea, Mohamed, Sarhan, Mohamed, Hanna, Shady, Kelly, Andrew, Curtis, Alex, Gourbault, Lysander, Tarhini, Mariam, Platt, Nicholas, Fleming, Thomas, Pemmaraju, Gopalakrishna, Choudri, Mohammed Junaid, Burahee, Abdus, Hassan, Labiba, Hamid, Laveeza, Loveday, David, Edres, Kareem, Schankat, Kerstin, Granger, Luke, Goodbun, Matthew, Parikh, Sunny, Johnson-Lynn, Sarah, Griffiths, Alexandra, Rai, Avinash, Chandler, Henry, Guiot, Luke, Appleyard, Thomas, Robinson, Karen, Fong, Angus, Watts, Anna, Stedman, Tobias, Walton, Victoria, Inman, Dominic, Liaw, Frank, Hadfield, James, McGovern, Julia, Baldock, Thomas, White, Jonathan, Seah, Matthew, Jacob, Neville, Ali, Zaid Haj, Goff, Thomas, Sanalla, Ahmed, Gomati, Ayoub, Nordin, Louise, Hassan, Eslam, Ramadan, Omar, Teoh, Kar Hao, Baskaran, Dinnish, Ngwayi, James, Abbakr, Lina, Blackmore, Noah, Mansukhani, Sameer, Guryel, Enis, Harper, Adam, Cashman, Emily, Brooker, Joanne, Pack, Louise, Regan, Nora, Wagner, Wilhelm, Selim, Amr, Archer, Debbie, McConaghie, Gregory, Patel, Ravi, Gibson, William, Pasapula, Chandra S, Youssef, Hesham, Aziz, Md Abdul, Subhash, Sadhin, Banaszkiewicz, Paul, Elzawahry, Ahmed, Neo, Chryssa, Wei, Nicholas, Bhaskaran, Arun, Sharma, Abhishek, Factor, Danielle, Shahin, Fatma, Shields, David, Ferreira, Catarina Dores Fernandes, Jeyakumar, Gowsikan, Liao, Quintin, Sinnerton, Robert, Ashwood, Neil, Sarhan, Islam, Ker, Andrew, Phelan, Sean, Paxton, James, McAuley, Joseph, Moulton, Lawrence, Mohamed, Ahmed, Dias, Ana, Ho, Beatrice, Francis, Daniel, Miller, Sarah, Phillips, Jon, Jones, Robin, Arthur, Calum, Oag, Erlend, Thutoetsile, Kamogelo, Bell, Katrina, Milne, Kirsty, Whitefield, Reiss, Patel, Kuntal, Singh, Abhimanyu, Morris, Geraint, Parkinson, Dawn, Patil, Amogh, Hamid, Hassan, Syam, Kevin, Singh, Rohit, Menon, Deepak, Crooks, Sophie, Borland, Steven, Rohman, Adam, Nicholson, Alys, Smith, Ben, Hafiz, Nauman, Kolhe, Shivam, Waites, Matthew, Piper, Dani, Westacott, David, Grimshaw, Jessica, Bott, Alasdair, Berry, Alexander, Battle, Joseph, Flannery, Oliver, Iyengar, Karthikeyan P, Thakur, Abdul Wadood, Yousef, Mina, Bansod, Vaibhav, El-nahas, Walaa, Dawe, Edward, Oladeji, Emmanuel, Federer, Simon, Trompeter, Alex, Pritchard, Anna, Shurovi, Badrun, Jordan, Chris, Little, Max, Sivaloganathan, Sivanshankar, Shaunak, Shalin, Watters, Hazel, Luck, Joshua, Zbaeda, Mohamed, Frasquet-Garcia, Antonio, Warner, Christian, Telford, Jeremy, Rooney, Joanna, Attwood, Joseph, Wilson, Faye, Panagiotopoulos, Andreas, Keane, Conal, Scott, Helen, Mazel, Rebecca, Maggs, Joanna, Skinner, Edward, McMunn, Finlay, Lau, Joshua, Ravikumar, Kasetti, Thakker, Dev, Gill, Moneet, McCarthy, Phillip, Fossey, Gavin, Shah, Sohaib, McAlinden, Gavan, McGoldrick, Peter, O'Brien, Scarlett, Patil, Sunit, Millington, Antonia, Umar, Hamza, Sehdev, Simran, Dyer-Hill, Thomas, Yu Kwan, Tsun, Tanagho, Andy, Hagnasir, Ahmed, White, Thomas, Bano, Christopher, Kissin, Eleanor, Ghani, Rafia, Thomas, Philip S W, McMullan, Mark, Walmsley, Matthew, Elgendy, Mohamed, Winstanley, Robert, Round, Joanne, Baxter, Mark, Thompson, Emett, Hogan, Kathryn, Youssef, Khaled, Fetouh, Sherif, Hopper, Graeme P, Simpson, Cameron, Warren, Craig, Waugh, Dominic, Nair, Gopikrishnan, Ballantyne, Andy, Blacklock, Calum, O'Connell, Ciara, Toland, Gemma, McIntyre, Joshua, Ross, Lauren, Badge, Ravindra, Loganathan, Deeraj, Turner, Ian, Ball, Matthew, Maqsood, Saad, Deierl, Krisztian, Beer, Alexander, Tan, Arthur Chen Wun, Mackinnon, Thomas, Gade, Venkat, Gill, James, Yu San, Kay, Archunan, Maheswaran Warren, Shaikh, Mariyam, Ugbah, Onyinye, Uwaoma, Sade, Pillai, Anand, Nath, Upamanyu, Rohan, Farhan-Alanie, M. M., Dixon, J., Irvine, S., Walker, R., and Eardley, W. G. P.

Published
2024
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3. The impact of anticoagulant medications on fragility femur fracture care: The hip and femoral fracture anticoagulation surgical timing evaluation (HASTE) study

Author

Smith, Matthew, Yoong, Andrel, Lim, Jun Wei, Yousef, Omar, McDonald, Stephen, Chileshe, Chinga, Ramus, Camilla, Clements, Christopher, Barrett, Liam, Rockall, Oliver, Geetala, Rahul, Islam, Saif Ul, Nasar, Ahmad, Almond, Kieran, Hassan, Ladan Fatima Yusuf, Shah, Sohan, Brand, Robert Bruce, Yawar, Bakhat, Gilmore, Catherine, McAuley, Daryl, Khan, Waleed, Subramanian, Padmanabhan, Ahluwalia, Aashish, Ozbek, Leyla, Awasthi, Prashant, Sheikh, Hassaan, Barkley, Sarah, Ardolino, Toni, Denning, Alexander, Thiruchandran, Gaj, Fraig, Hossam, Salim, Omar, Iqbal, Rabia, Guy, Stephen, Hogg, Jack, Bagshaw, Oliver, Asmar, Samir, Mitchell, Stephen, Quek, Fang, Fletcher, James, French, Jonathan, Graham, Selina, Sloper, Philip, Sadique, Hammad, Matera, Valentina, Sohail, Zain, Leong, Justin Wei, Issa, Fares, Greasley, Lauren, Marsden, Samuel, Parry, Lucy, Mannan, Syed, Zaheen, Humayoon, Moriarty, Peter, Manning, William, Morris, Timothy, Brockbanks, Carole, Ward, Peter, Pearce, Kim, McMenemy, Louise, Mahmoud, Mohamed, Kieffer, Will, Lal, Aayush, Collis, Justin, Chandrasekaran, Karthik, Foxall-Smith, Michael, Raad, Marjan, Kempshall, Peter, Cheuk, Jocelyn, Leckey, Sam, Gupta, Rishav, Engelke, Daniel, Kemp, Mark, Venkatesan, Aakaash, Hussain, Adnan, Simons, Michiel, Raghavendra, Ram Mohan, Rohra, Satish, Deo, Sunny, Vasarhelyi, Ferenc, Thelwall, Claire, Cullen, Krista, Al-Obaidi, Bilal, Fell, Adam, Thaumeen, Ahmad, Dadabhoy, Maria, Ali, Mira, Ijaz, Sameer, Lin, David, Khan, Basharat, Alsonbaty, Mohamed, Lebe, Moritz, Millan, Ravi Kant, Imam, Sam, Theobald, Emma, Cormack, Jonathan, Sharoff, Lokesh, Eаrdley, Will, Jeyapalan, Rathan, Alcock, Liam, Clayton, Julia, Bates, Natalie, Mahmoud, Yousif, Osborne, Alex, Ralhan, Shvaita, Carpenter, Catriona, Ahmad, Mahmood, Ravi, Sanjeev Musuvathy, Konbaz, Tarek, Lloyd, Thomas, Sheikh, Nomaan, Swealem, Ahmed, Soroya, Emma, Rayan, Faizal, Ward, Thomas, Vasireddy, Aswinkumar, Clarke, Ellisiv, Sikdar, Oishi, Smart, Yat Wing, Windley, Joseph, Ilagan, Belen, Brophy, Edel, Joseph, Sarah, Lowery, Kathryn, Jamjoom, Ammer, Ismayl, Ghiath, Aujla, Randeep, Sambhwani, Sharan, Ramasamy, Arul, Khalaf, Ahmed, Ponugoti, Nikhil, Teng, Wai Huang, Masud, Saqib, Otoibhili, Eghe, Clarkson, Martin, Nafea, Mohamed, Sarhan, Mohamed, Hanna, Shady, Kelly, Andrew, Curtis, Alex, Gourbault, Lysander, Tarhini, Mariam, Platt, Nicholas, Fleming, Thomas, Pemmaraju, Gopalakrishna, Choudri, Mohammed Junaid, Burahee, Abdus, Hassan, Labiba, Hamid, Laveeza, Loveday, David, Edres, Kareem, Schankat, Kerstin, Granger, Luke, Goodbun, Matthew, Parikh, Sunny, Johnson-Lynn, Sarah, Griffiths, Alexandra, Rai, Avinash, Chandler, Henry, Guiot, Luke, Appleyard, Thomas, Robinson, Karen, Fong, Angus, Watts, Anna, Stedman, Tobias, Walton, Victoria, Inman, Dominic, Liaw, Frank, Hadfield, James, McGovern, Julia, Baldock, Thomas, White, Jonathan, Seah, Matthew, Jacob, Neville, Ali, Zaid Haj, Goff, Thomas, Sanalla, Ahmed, Gomati, Ayoub, Nordin, Louise, Hassan, Eslam, Ramadan, Omar, Teoh, Kar Hao, Baskaran, Dinnish, Ngwayi, James, Abbakr, Lina, Blackmore, Noah, Mansukhani, Sameer, Guryel, Enis, Harper, Adam, Cashman, Emily, Brooker, Joanne, Pack, Louise, Regan, Nora, Wagner, Wilhelm, Selim, Amr, Archer, Debbie, McConaghie, Gregory, Patel, Ravi, Gibson, William, Pasapula, Chandra S, Youssef, Hesham, Aziz, Md Abdul, Subhash, Sadhin, Banaszkiewicz, Paul, Elzawahry, Ahmed, Neo, Chryssa, Wei, Nicholas, Bhaskaran, Arun, Sharma, Abhishek, Factor, Danielle, Shahin, Fatma, Shields, David, Ferreira, Catarina Dores Fernandes, Jeyakumar, Gowsikan, Liao, Quintin, Sinnerton, Robert, Ashwood, Neil, Sarhan, Islam, Ker, Andrew, Phelan, Sean, Paxton, James, McAuley, Joseph, Moulton, Lawrence, Mohamed, Ahmed, Dias, Ana, Ho, Beatrice, Francis, Daniel, Miller, Sarah, Phillips, Jon, Jones, Robin, Arthur, Calum, Oag, Erlend, Thutoetsile, Kamogelo, Bell, Katrina, Milne, Kirsty, Whitefield, Reiss, Patel, Kuntal, Singh, Abhimanyu, Morris, Geraint, Parkinson, Dawn, Patil, Amogh, Hamid, Hassan, Syam, Kevin, Singh, Rohit, Menon, Deepak, Crooks, Sophie, Borland, Steven, Rohman, Adam, Nicholson, Alys, Smith, Ben, Hafiz, Nauman, Kolhe, Shivam, Waites, Matthew, Piper, Dani, Westacott, David, Grimshaw, Jessica, Bott, Alasdair, Berry, Alexander, Battle, Joseph, Flannery, Oliver, Iyengar, Karthikeyan P, Thakur, Abdul Wadood, Yousef, Mina, Bansod, Vaibhav, El-nahas, Walaa, Dawe, Edward, Oladeji, Emmanuel, Federer, Simon, Trompeter, Alex, Pritchard, Anna, Shurovi, Badrun, Jordan, Chris, Little, Max, Sivaloganathan, Sivanshankar, Shaunak, Shalin, Watters, Hazel, Luck, Joshua, Zbaeda, Mohamed, Frasquet-Garcia, Antonio, Warner, Christian, Telford, Jeremy, Rooney, Joanna, Attwood, Joseph, Wilson, Faye, Panagiotopoulos, Andreas, Keane, Conal, Scott, Helen, Mazel, Rebecca, Maggs, Joanna, Skinner, Edward, McMunn, Finlay, Lau, Joshua, Ravikumar, Kasetti, Thakker, Dev, Gill, Moneet, McCarthy, Phillip, Fossey, Gavin, Shah, Sohaib, McAlinden, Gavan, McGoldrick, Peter, O'Brien, Scarlett, Patil, Sunit, Millington, Antonia, Umar, Hamza, Sehdev, Simran, Dyer-Hill, Thomas, Yu Kwan, Tsun, Tanagho, Andy, Hagnasir, Ahmed, White, Thomas, Bano, Christopher, Kissin, Eleanor, Ghani, Rafia, Thomas, Philip S W, McMullan, Mark, Walmsley, Matthew, Elgendy, Mohamed, Winstanley, Robert, Round, Joanne, Baxter, Mark, Thompson, Emett, Hogan, Kathryn, Youssef, Khaled, Fetouh, Sherif, Hopper, Graeme P, Simpson, Cameron, Warren, Craig, Waugh, Dominic, Nair, Gopikrishnan, Ballantyne, Andy, Blacklock, Calum, O'Connell, Ciara, Toland, Gemma, McIntyre, Joshua, Ross, Lauren, Badge, Ravindra, Loganathan, Deeraj, Turner, Ian, Ball, Matthew, Maqsood, Saad, Deierl, Krisztian, Beer, Alexander, Tan, Arthur Chen Wun, Mackinnon, Thomas, Gade, Venkat, Gill, James, Yu San, Kay, Archunan, Maheswaran Warren, Shaikh, Mariyam, Ugbah, Onyinye, Uwaoma, Sade, Pillai, Anand, Nath, Upamanyu, Rohan, Farhan-Alanie, M.M., Chinweze, R., Walker, R., and Eardley, W.G.P.

Published
2024
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4. Behavioral determinants of arsenic-safe water use among Great Plains Indian Nation private well users: results from the Community-Led Strong Heart Water Study Arsenic Mitigation Program

Author

Endres, Kelly, Zacher, Tracy, Richards, Francine, Bear Robe, Lisa, Powers, Martha, Yracheta, Joseph, Harvey, David, Best, Lyle G., Red Cloud, Reno, Black Bear, Annabelle, Ristau, Steve, Aurand, Dean, Skinner, Leslie, Perin, Jamie, Cuny, Christa, Gross, Marie, Thomas, Elizabeth D., Rule, Ana, Schwab, Kellogg, Moulton, Lawrence H., O’Leary, Marcia, Navas-Acien, Ana, and George, Christine Marie

Published
2023
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5. Effect of an Arsenic Mitigation Program on Arsenic Exposure in American Indian Communities: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of the Community-Led Strong Heart Water Study Program

Author

George, Christine Marie, Zacher, Tracy, Endres, Kelly, Richards, Francine, Robe, Lisa Bear, Harvey, David, Best, Lyle G., Cloud, Reno Red, Bear, Annabelle Black, Skinner, Leslie, Cuny, Christa, Rule, Ana, Schwab, Kellogg J., Gittelsohn, Joel, Glabonjat, Ronald Alexander, Schilling, Kathrin, O'Leary, Marcia, Thomas, Elizabeth D., Umans, Jason, Zhu, Jianhui, Moulton, Lawrence H., and Navas-Acien, Ana

Subjects
Control, Methods, Health aspects, Environmental aspects, Arsenic -- Environmental aspects -- Health aspects, Water pollution -- Health aspects -- Control -- United States, Native Americans -- Health aspects, Environmental remediation -- Methods -- Health aspects
Abstract

Introduction In the United States, >2 million individuals use private wells with arsenic levels above the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guideline for drinking water ( Despite the growing evidence [...], BACKGROUND: Chronic arsenic exposure has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease; diabetes; cancers of the lung, pancreas and prostate; and all-cause mortality in American Indian communities in the Strong Heart Study. OBJECTIVE: The Strong Heart Water Study (SHWS) designed and evaluated a multilevel, community-led arsenic mitigation program to reduce arsenic exposure among private well users in partnership with Northern Great Plains American Indian Nations. METHODS: A cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT) was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the SHWS arsenic mitigation program over a 2-y period on a) urinary arsenic, and b) reported use of arsenic-safe water for drinking and cooking. The cRCT compared the installation of a point-of-use arsenic filter and a mobile Health (mHealth) program (3 phone calls; SHWS mHealth and Filter arm) to a more intensive program, which included this same program plus three home visits (3 phone calls and 3 home visits; SHWS Intensive arm). RESULTS: A 47% reduction in urinary arsenic [geometric mean (GM) = 13:2to7:0 [micro]g/g creatinine] was observed from baseline to the final follow-up when both study arms were combined. By treatment arm, the reduction in urinary arsenic from baseline to the final follow-up visit was 55% in the mHealth and Filter arm (GM = 14:6 to 6:55 [micro]g/g creatinine) and 30% in the Intensive arm (GM = 11:2 to 7:82 [micro]g/g creatinine). There was no significant difference in urinary arsenic levels by treatment arm at the final follow-up visit comparing the Intensive vs. mHealth and Filter arms: GM ratio of 1.21 (95% confidence interval: 0.77, 1.90). In both arms combined, exclusive use of arsenic-safe water from baseline to the final follow-up visit significantly increased for water used for cooking (17% to 53%) and drinking (12% to 46%). DISCUSSION: Delivery of the interventions for the community-led SHWS arsenic mitigation program, including the installation of a point-of-use arsenic filter and a mHealth program on the use of arsenic-safe water (calls only, no home visits), resulted in a significant reduction in urinary arsenic and increases in reported use of arsenic-safe water for drinking and cooking during the 2-y study period. These results demonstrate that the installation of an arsenic filter and phone calls from a mHealth program presents a promising approach to reduce water arsenic exposure among private well users. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12548

Published
2024
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6. Lack of regional pathways impact on surgical delay: Analysis of the Orthopaedic Trauma Hospital Outcomes–Patient Operative Delays (ORTHOPOD) study

Author

Stevenson, Iain, Yoong, Andrel, Rankin, Iain, Dixon, James, Lim, Jun Wei, Sattar, Mariam, McDonald, Stephen, Scott, Sharon, Davies, Helen, Jones, Louise, Nolan, Michelle, McGinty, Rebecca, Stevenson, Helene, Bowe, David, Sim, Francis, Vun, James, Strain, Ritchie, Giannoudis, Vasileios, Talbot, Christopher, Gunn, Christopher, Le, Ha Phuong Do, Bradley, Matthew, Lloyd, William, Hanratty, Brian, Lim, Yizhe, Brookes-Fazakerley, Steven, Varasteh, Amir, Francis, Jonathan, Choudhry, Nameer, Malik, Sheraz, Vats, Amit, Evans, Ashish, Garner, Madeleine, King, Stratton, Zbaeda, Mohamed, Diamond, Owen, Baker, Gavin, Napier, Richard, Guy, Stephen, McCauley, Gordon, King, Samuel, Edwards, Gray, Lin, Benjamin, Davoudi, Kaveh, Haines, Samuel, Raghuvanshi, Manav, Buddhdev, Pranai, Karam, Edward, Nimmyel, Enoch, Ekanem, George, Lateef, Razaq, Jayadeep, JS, Crowther, Ian, Mazur, Karolina, Hafiz, Nauman, Khan, Umair, Chettiar, Krissen, Ibrahim, Amr, Gopal, Prasanth, Tse, Shannon, Lakshmipathy, Raj, Towse, Claudia, Al-Musawi, Hashim, Walmsley, Matthew, Aspinall, Will, Metcalfe, James, Moosa, Aliabbas, Crome, George, Abdelmonem, Mohamed, Lakpriya, Sathya, Hawkins, Amanda, Waugh, Dominic, Kennedy, Matthew, Elsagheir, Mohamed, Kieffer, Will, Oyekan, Adekinte, Collis, Justin, Raad, Marjan, Raut, Pramin, Baker, Markus, Gorvett, Alexander, Gleeson, Hannah, Fahmy, John, Walters, Sam, Tinning, Craig, Chaturvedi, Abhishek, Russell, Heather, Alsawada, Osama, Sinnerton, Robert, Crane, Evan, Warwick, Catherine, Dimascio, Lucia, Ha, Taegyeong Tina, King, Thomas, Engelke, Daniel, Chan, Matthew, Gopireddy, Rajesh, Deo, Sunny, Vasarhelyi, Ferenc, Jhaj, Jasmeet, Dogramatzis, Kostas, McCartney, Sarah, Ardolino, Toni, Fraig, Hossam, Hiller-Smith, Ryan, Haughton, Benjamin, Greenwood, Heather, Stephenson, Nicola, Chong, Yuki, Sleat, Graham, Saedi, Farid, Gouda, Joe, Ravi, Sanjeev Musuvathy, Henari, Shwan, Imam, Sam, Howell, Charles, Theobald, Emma, Wright, Jan, Cormack, Jonathan, Borja, Karlou, Wood, Sandy, Khatri, Amulya, Bretherton, Chris, Tunstall, Charlotte, Lowery, Kathryn, Holmes, Benjamin, Nichols, Jennifer, Bashabayev, Beibit, Wildin, Clare, Sofat, Rajesh, Thiagarajan, Aarthi, Abdelghafour, Karim, Nicholl, James, Abdulhameed, Ahmed, Duke, Kathryn, Maling, Lucy, McCann, Matthew, Masud, Saqib, Marshman, James, Moreau, Joshua, Cheema, Kanwalnaini, Rageeb, Peter Morad, Mirza, Yusuf, Kelly, Andrew, Hassan, Abdul, Christie, Alexander, Davies, Angharad, Tang, Cary, Frostick, Rhiannon, Pemmaraju, Gopalakrishna, Handford, Charles, Chauhan, Govind, Dong, Huan, Choudri, Mohammed Junaid, Loveday, David, Bawa, Akshdeep, Baldwick, Cheryl, Roberton, Andrew, Burden, Eleanor, Nagi, Sameer, Johnson-Lynn, Sarah, Guiot, Luke, Kostusiak, Milosz, Appleyard, Thomas, Mundy, Gary, Basha, Amr, Abdeen, Bashar, Robertson-Smith, Bill, Hussainy, Haydar Al, Reed, Mike, Jamalfar, Aral, Flintoft, Emily, McGovern, Julia, Alcock, Liam, Koziara, Michal, Ollivere, Benjamin, Zheng, Amy, Atia, Fady, Goff, Thomas, Slade, Henry, Teoh, Kar, Shah, Nikhil, Al-Obaedi, Ossama, Jamal, Bilal, Bell, Stuart, Macey, Alistair, Brown, Cameron, Simpson, Cameron, Alho, Roberto, Wilson, Victoria, Lewis, Charlotte, Blyth, Daniel, Chapman, Laura, Woods, Lisa, Katmeh, Rateb, Pasapula, Chandra, Youssef, Hesham, Tan, Jerry, Famure, Steven, Grazette, Andrew, Lloyd, Adam, Beaven, Alastair, Jackowski, Anna, Piper, Dani, Lotfi, Naeil, Chakravarthy, Jagannath, Elzawahry, Ahmed, Trew, Christopher, Neo, Chryssa, Elamin-Ahmed, Hussam, Ashwood, Neil, Wembridge, Kevin, Eyre-Brook, Alistair, Greaves, Amy, Watts, Anna, Stedman, Tobias, Ker, Andrew, Wong, Li Siang, Fullarton, Mairi, Phelan, Sean, Choudry, Qaisar, Qureshi, Alham, Moulton, Lawrence, Cadwallader, Craig, Jenvey, Cara, Aqeel, Aqeel, Francis, Daniel, Simpson, Robin, Phillips, Jon, Matthews, Edward, Thomas, Ellen, Williams, Mark, Jones, Robin, White, Tim, Ketchen, Debbie, Bell, Katrina, Swain, Keri, Chitre, Amol, Lum, Joann, Syam, Kevin, Dupley, Leanne, O'Brien, Sarah, Ford, David, Chapman, Taya, Zahra, Wajiha, Guryel, Enis, McLean, Elizabeth, Dhaliwal, Kawaljit, Regan, Nora, Berstock, James, Deano, Krisna, Donovan, Richard, Blythe, Andrew, Salmon, Jennifer, Craig, Julie, Hickland, Patrick, Matthews, Scott, Brown, William, Borland, Steven, Aminat, Akinsemoyin, Stamp, Gregory, Zaheen, Humayoon, Jaibaji, Monketh, Egglestone, Anthony, Sampalli, Sridhar Rao, Goodier, Henry, Gibb, Julia, Islam, Saad, Ranaboldo, Tom, Theivendran, Kanthan, Bond, Georgina, Richards, Joanna, Sanghera, Ranjodh, Robinson, Karen, Fong, Angus, Tsang, Bonita, Dalgleish, James, McGregor-Riley, Jonathan, Barkley, Sarah, Eardley, William, Elhassan, Almutasim, Tyas, Ben, Chandler, Henry, McVie, James, Wei, Nicholas, Negus, Oliver, Baldock, Thomas, Ravi, Kuppuswamy, Qazzaz, Layth, Mohamed, Muawia, Sivayoganthan, Sriharan, Poole, William, Slade, George, Beaumont, Hugo, Beaumont, Oliver, Taha, Rowa, Lever, Caroline, Sood, Abhay, Moss, Maximillian, Khatir, Mohammed, Trompeter, Alex, Jeffers, Aisha, Brookes, Charlotte, Dadabhoy, Maria, Bhattacharya, Rajarshi, Singh, Abhinav, Beer, Alexander, Hodgson, Harry, Rahman, Kashed, Barter, Reece, Mackinnon, Thomas, Frasquet-Garcia, Antonio, Aldarragi, Ameer, Warner, Christian, Pantelides, Christopher, Attwood, Joseph, Al-Uzri, Muntadhir, Qaoud, Qaiys Abu, Green, Stephen, Osborne, Alex, Griffiths, Alexandra, Emmerson, Benjamin, Slater, Duncan, Altahoo, Hasan, Scott, Helen, Rowland, David, O'Donnell, Janine, Edwards, Taff, Hafez, Ahmed, Khan, Basharat, Crane, Emily, Axenciuc, Rostislav, Al-Habsi, Ruqaiya, McAlinden, Gavan, Sterne, Jonathan, Wong, Matthew Lynch, Patil, Sunit, Ridha, Ali, Rasidovic, Damir, Searle, Henry, Choudhry, Jamaal, Farhan-Alanie, Muhamed M, Tanagho, Andy, Sharma, Sidharth, Thomas, Suresh, Smith, Ben, McMullan, Mark, Winstanley, Robert, Mirza, Saqeb, Hamlin, Katharine, Elgayar, Lugman, Larsen, Matthew P, Eissa, Mohamed, Stevens, Samuel, Hopper, Graeme P, Fang Soh, Terrence Chi, Doorgakant, Ashtin, Yogeswaran, Apimaan, Myatt, Darren, Mahon, Joseph, Ward, Nicholas, Reid, Susan, Deierl, Krisztian, Brogan, Declan, Little, Max, Deakin, Sue, Baines, Elliott, Jones, Georgie, Boulton, Helen, Douglas, Trixie, Jeyaseelan, Lucky, Abdale, Abdirizak, Islam, Aminul, Atkinson, Kate V, Mohamedfaris, Khalid, Mmerem, Kingsley, Jamal, Shazil, Wharton, Danielle, Rana, Anurag, McAllister, Ross, Sasi, Sijith, Thomas, Terin, Pillai, Anand, Flaherty, David, Khan, Munir, Akkena, Sudheer, Shandala, Yaseen, Lankester, Benedict, Hainsworth, Louis, Ahmed, Hussam Elamin, Walshaw, Thomas, Walker, Reece, and Eardley, William G.P.

Published
2023
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7. ORthopaedic trauma hospital outcomes - Patient operative delays (ORTHOPOD) Study: The management of day-case orthopaedic trauma in the United Kingdom

Author

Stevenson, Iain, Yoong, Andrel, Rankin, Iain, Dixon, James, Lim, Jun Wei, Sattar, Mariam, McDonald, Stephen, Scott, Sharon, Davies, Helen, Jones, Louise, Nolan, Michelle, McGinty, Rebecca, Stevenson, Helene, Bowe, David, Sim, Francis, Vun, James, Strain, Ritchie, Giannoudis, Vasileios, Talbot, Christopher, Gunn, Christopher, Le, Ha Phuong Do, Bradley, Matthew, Lloyd, William, Hanratty, Brian, Lim, Yizhe, Brookes-Fazakerley, Steven, Varasteh, Amir, Francis, Jonathan, Choudhry, Nameer, Malik, Sheraz, Vats, Amit, Evans, Ashish, Garner, Madeleine, King, Stratton, Zbaeda, Mohamed, Diamond, Owen, Baker, Gavin, Napier, Richard, Guy, Stephen, McCauley, Gordon, King, Samuel, Edwards, Gray, Lin, Benjamin, Davoudi, Kaveh, Haines, Samuel, Raghuvanshi, Manav, Buddhdev, Pranai, Karam, Edward, Nimmyel, Enoch, Ekanem, George, Lateef, Razaq, Jayadeep, JS, Crowther, Ian, Mazur, Karolina, Hafiz, Nauman, Khan, Umair, Chettiar, Krissen, Ibrahim, Amr, Gopal, Prasanth, Tse, Shannon, Lakshmipathy, Raj, Towse, Claudia, Al-Musawi, Hashim, Walmsley, Matthew, Aspinall, Will, Metcalfe, James, Moosa, Aliabbas, Crome, George, Abdelmonem, Mohamed, Lakpriya, Sathya, Hawkins, Amanda, Waugh, Dominic, Kennedy, Matthew, Elsagheir, Mohamed, Kieffer, Will, Oyekan, Adekinte, Collis, Justin, Raad, Marjan, Raut, Pramin, Baker, Markus, Gorvett, Alexander, Gleeson, Hannah, Fahmy, John, Walters, Sam, Tinning, Craig, Chaturvedi, Abhishek, Russell, Heather, Alsawada, Osama, Sinnerton, Robert, Crane, Evan, Warwick, Catherine, Dimascio, Lucia, Ha, Taegyeong Tina, King, Thomas, Engelke, Daniel, Chan, Matthew, Gopireddy, Rajesh, Deo, Sunny, Vasarhelyi, Ferenc, Jhaj, Jasmeet, Dogramatzis, Kostas, McCartney, Sarah, Ardolino, Toni, Fraig, Hossam, Hiller-Smith, Ryan, Haughton, Benjamin, Greenwood, Heather, Stephenson, Nicola, Chong, Yuki, Sleat, Graham, Saedi, Farid, Gouda, Joe, Ravi, Sanjeev Musuvathy, Henari, Shwan, Imam, Sam, Howell, Charles, Theobald, Emma, Wright, Jan, Cormack, Jonathan, Borja, Karlou, Wood, Sandy, Khatri, Amulya, Bretherton, Chris, Tunstall, Charlotte, Lowery, Kathryn, Holmes, Benjamin, Nichols, Jennifer, Bashabayev, Beibit, Wildin, Clare, Sofat, Rajesh, Thiagarajan, Aarthi, Abdelghafour, Karim, Nicholl, James, Abdulhameed, Ahmed, Duke, Kathryn, Maling, Lucy, McCann, Matthew, Masud, Saqib, Marshman, James, Moreau, Joshua, Cheema, Kanwalnaini, Rageeb, Peter Morad, Mirza, Yusuf, Kelly, Andrew, Hassan, Abdul, Christie, Alexander, Davies, Angharad, Tang, Cary, Frostick, Rhiannon, Pemmaraju, Gopalakrishna, Handford, Charles, Chauhan, Govind, Dong, Huan, Choudri, Mohammed Junaid, Loveday, David, Bawa, Akshdeep, Baldwick, Cheryl, Roberton, Andrew, Burden, Eleanor, Nagi, Sameer, Johnson-Lynn, Sarah, Guiot, Luke, Kostusiak, Milosz, Appleyard, Thomas, Mundy, Gary, Basha, Amr, Abdeen, Bashar, Robertson-Smith, Bill, Hussainy, Haydar Al, Reed, Mike, Jamalfar, Aral, Flintoft, Emily, McGovern, Julia, Alcock, Liam, Koziara, Michal, Ollivere, Benjamin, Zheng, Amy, Atia, Fady, Goff, Thomas, Slade, Henry, Teoh, Kar, Shah, Nikhil, Al-Obaedi, Ossama, Jamal, Bilal, Bell, Stuart, Macey, Alistair, Brown, Cameron, Simpson, Cameron, Alho, Roberto, Wilson, Victoria, Lewis, Charlotte, Blyth, Daniel, Chapman, Laura, Woods, Lisa, Katmeh, Rateb, Pasapula, Chandra, Youssef, Hesham, Tan, Jerry, Famure, Steven, Grazette, Andrew, Lloyd, Adam, Beaven, Alastair, Jackowski, Anna, Piper, Dani, Lotfi, Naeil, Chakravarthy, Jagannath, Elzawahry, Ahmed, Trew, Christopher, Neo, Chryssa, Elamin-Ahmed, Hussam, Ashwood, Neil, Wembridge, Kevin, Eyre-Brook, Alistair, Greaves, Amy, Watts, Anna, Stedman, Tobias, Ker, Andrew, Wong, Li Siang, Fullarton, Mairi, Phelan, Sean, Choudry, Qaisar, Qureshi, Alham, Moulton, Lawrence, Cadwallader, Craig, Jenvey, Cara, Aqeel, Aqeel, Francis, Daniel, Simpson, Robin, Phillips, Jon, Matthews, Edward, Thomas, Ellen, Williams, Mark, Jones, Robin, White, Tim, Ketchen, Debbie, Bell, Katrina, Swain, Keri, Chitre, Amol, Lum, Joann, Syam, Kevin, Dupley, Leanne, O'Brien, Sarah, Ford, David, Chapman, Taya, Zahra, Wajiha, Guryel, Enis, McLean, Elizabeth, Dhaliwal, Kawaljit, Regan, Nora, Berstock, James, Deano, Krisna, Donovan, Richard, Blythe, Andrew, Salmon, Jennifer, Craig, Julie, Hickland, Patrick, Matthews, Scott, Brown, William, Borland, Steven, Aminat, Akinsemoyin, Stamp, Gregory, Zaheen, Humayoon, Jaibaji, Monketh, Egglestone, Anthony, Sampalli, Sridhar Rao, Goodier, Henry, Gibb, Julia, Islam, Saad, Ranaboldo, Tom, Theivendran, Kanthan, Bond, Georgina, Richards, Joanna, Sanghera, Ranjodh, Robinson, Karen, Fong, Angus, Tsang, Bonita, Dalgleish, James, McGregor-Riley, Jonathan, Barkley, Sarah, Eardley, William, Elhassan, Almutasim, Tyas, Ben, Chandler, Henry, McVie, James, Wei, Nicholas, Negus, Oliver, Baldock, Thomas, Ravi, Kuppuswamy, Qazzaz, Layth, Mohamed, Muawia, Sivayoganthan, Sriharan, Poole, William, Slade, George, Beaumont, Hugo, Beaumont, Oliver, Taha, Rowa, Lever, Caroline, Sood, Abhay, Moss, Maximillian, Khatir, Mohammed, Trompeter, Alex, Jeffers, Aisha, Brookes, Charlotte, Dadabhoy, Maria, Bhattacharya, Rajarshi, Singh, Abhinav, Beer, Alexander, Hodgson, Harry, Rahman, Kashed, Barter, Reece, Mackinnon, Thomas, Frasquet-Garcia, Antonio, Aldarragi, Ameer, Warner, Christian, Pantelides, Christopher, Attwood, Joseph, Al-Uzri, Muntadhir, Qaoud, Qaiys Abu, Green, Stephen, Osborne, Alex, Griffiths, Alexandra, Emmerson, Benjamin, Slater, Duncan, Altahoo, Hasan, Scott, Helen, Rowland, David, O'Donnell, Janine, Edwards, Taff, Hafez, Ahmed, Khan, Basharat, Crane, Emily, Axenciuc, Rostislav, Al-Habsi, Ruqaiya, McAlinden, Gavan, Sterne, Jonathan, Wong, Matthew Lynch, Patil, Sunit, Ridha, Ali, Rasidovic, Damir, Searle, Henry, Choudhry, Jamaal, Farhan-Alanie, Muhamed M, Tanagho, Andy, Sharma, Sidharth, Thomas, Suresh, Smith, Ben, McMullan, Mark, Winstanley, Robert, Mirza, Saqeb, Hamlin, Katharine, Elgayar, Lugman, Larsen, Matthew P, Eissa, Mohamed, Stevens, Samuel, Hopper, Graeme P, Fang Soh, Terrence Chi, Doorgakant, Ashtin, Yogeswaran, Apimaan, Myatt, Darren, Mahon, Joseph, Ward, Nicholas, Reid, Susan, Deierl, Krisztian, Brogan, Declan, Little, Max, Deakin, Sue, Baines, Elliott, Jones, Georgie, Boulton, Helen, Douglas, Trixie, Jeyaseelan, Lucky, Abdale, Abdirizak, Islam, Aminul, Atkinson, Kate V, Mohamedfaris, Khalid, Mmerem, Kingsley, Jamal, Shazil, Wharton, Danielle, Rana, Anurag, McAllister, Ross, Sasi, Sijith, Thomas, Terin, Pillai, Anand, Flaherty, David, Khan, Munir, Akkena, Sudheer, Shandala, Yaseen, Lankester, Benedict, Hainsworth, Louis, Baldock, Thomas E., Walshaw, Thomas, Walker, Reece, and Eardley, William P.G.

Published
2023
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8. Evaluation of a water arsenic filter in a participatory intervention to reduce arsenic exposure in American Indian communities: The Strong Heart Water Study

Author

Zacher, Tracy, Endres, Kelly, Richards, Francine, Robe, Lisa Bear, Powers, Martha, Yracheta, Joseph, Harvey, David, Best, Lyle G., Red Cloud, Reno, Black Bear, Annabelle, Ristau, Steve, Aurand, Dean, Skinner, Leslie, Cuny, Christa, Gross, Marie, Thomas, Elizabeth, Rule, Ana, Schwab, Kellogg J., O'Leary, Marcia, Moulton, Lawrence H., Navas-Acien, Ana, and George, Christine Marie

Published
2023
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9. Cluster Randomized Trials

Author

Moulton, Lawrence H., Hayes, Richard J., Choodari-Oskooei, Babak, Section editor, Parmar, Mahesh, Section editor, Piantadosi, Steven, editor, and Meinert, Curtis L., editor

Published
2022
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10. The WASH Benefits and SHINE trials: interpretation of WASH intervention effects on linear growth and diarrhoea.

Author

Pickering, Amy J, Null, Clair, Winch, Peter J, Mangwadu, Goldberg, Arnold, Benjamin F, Prendergast, Andrew J, Njenga, Sammy M, Rahman, Mahbubur, Ntozini, Robert, Benjamin-Chung, Jade, Stewart, Christine P, Huda, Tarique MN, Moulton, Lawrence H, Colford, John M, Luby, Stephen P, and Humphrey, Jean H

Subjects
Humans, Growth Disorders, Diarrhea, Hygiene, Sanitation, Child, Preschool, Infant, Rural Population, Health Promotion, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Bangladesh, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Water Quality, Hand Disinfection, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Prevention, Pediatric, Clinical Research, Nutrition, Clean Water and Sanitation, Microbiology, Public Health and Health Services
Abstract

Child stunting is a global problem and is only modestly responsive to dietary interventions. Numerous observational studies have shown that water quality, sanitation, and handwashing (WASH) in a household are strongly associated with linear growth of children living in the same household. We have completed three randomised efficacy trials testing improved household-level WASH with and without improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) on stunting and diarrhoea in Bangladesh, Kenya, and Zimbabwe. In all trials, improved IYCF had a statistically significant benefit, but WASH had no effect on linear growth. In observational analyses of data from the control groups of the three trials, baseline sanitation was a strong risk factor for stunting in the study populations, suggesting this frequently reported association might be confounded by unmeasured factors of household wellbeing. WASH interventions reduced diarrhoea in Bangladesh, but not in Kenya or Zimbabwe. Intervention promoters visited participants six times per month in Bangladesh compared with monthly in Kenya and Zimbabwe; a review of the literature shows that virtually all published studies that have reported an effect on diarrhoea through home-based water treatment and handwashing promotion achieved high adherence by visiting participants at daily to fortnightly intervals. Despite achieving substantial behavioural change and significant reduction in infection prevalence for some enteric pathogens, detection of enteropathogens among children in the WASH groups of the trials was typically at ten times higher prevalence compared with high-income countries. Considering these results, we recommend that future research in the WASH sector focus on developing and evaluating interventions that are radically more effective in reducing faecal contamination in the domestic environment than the interventions implemented in these trials.

Published
2019

11. The WASH Benefits and SHINE Trials. Interpretation of Findings on Linear Growth and Diarrhoea and Implications for Policy: Perspective of the Investigative Teams (P10-136-19).

Author

Humphrey, Jean, Pickering, Amy, Null, Clair, Winch, Peter, Mangwadu, Goldberg, Arnold, Ben, Prendergast, Andrew, Njenga, Sammy, Rahman, Mahbubar, Ntozini, Robert, Benjamin-Chung, Jade, Stewart, Christine, Huda, Tarique, Moulton, Lawrence, Colford, John, and Luby, Stephen

Abstract

Objectives:We recently completed 3 efficacy trials (Bangladesh, Kenya, Zimbabwe) testing the independent and combined effects of improved complementary feeding (CF) and intensive household water quality, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) on child diarrhea and length-for-age-Z-score (LAZ) at 18 to 24 mo. Intervention uptake was high. In all three trials: CF increased LAZ but WASH had no effect on LAZ. WASH reduced diarrhea in Bangladesh but not in Kenya or Zimbabwe. We present a synthesis of trial findings and their implications. Methods:Reviews of the literature and reanalyses of trial data were conducted. Results:WASH and stunting: Copious observational studies have demonstrated a strong association between household-level WASH and child LAZ. We conducted an observational anlaysis (nested birth cohort) from our control arms. In adjusted analyses of all three trials, having an improved latrine when the pregnant woman was enrolled was associated with ∼0.2LAZ increase in her child at 18-24 mo. The frequently reported association between household WASH indicators and child growth may be confounded and drawing causal inferance misguided.WASH and diarrhea: Promoters visited intervention households 6 times per month in Bangladesh and monthly in Kenya and Zimbabwe. We conducted a systematic literature review: virtually all evidence that household water chlorination and handwashing reduce diarrhea comes from studies with daily to fortnightly intervention contact. In studies with follow-up after the trial ending, behaviors steeply declined and the effect on child diarrhea disappeared. Household water chlorination and handwashing promotion implemented through sporadic message delivery may not reduce child diarrhea.Enteropathogen transmission: Despite achieving substantial contrast between WASH and non-WASH households, children in the WASH arms still experienced high enteropathogen transmission, illustrating the recalcitrance of pervasive fecal contamination in rural low-income communities to even intense intervention. Conclusions:Household WASH interventions are unlikely to reduce child stunting and may not reduce child diarrhea. We call for substantial investment in research to identify and in programming to deliver much more efficacious interventions. Funding Sources:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, USAID, DFID/UKAID, Wellcome Trust.

Published
2019

12. Autism Detection in Children by Combined Use of Gaze Preference and the M-CHAT-R in a Resource-Scarce Setting

Author

Jensen, Kelly, Noazin, Sassan, Bitterfeld, Leandra, Carcelen, Andrea, Vargas-Cuentas, Natalia I., Hidalgo, Daniela, Valenzuela, Alejandra, Roman-Gonzalez, Avid, Krebs, Casey, Clement, Vincent, Nolan, Cody, Barrientos, Franklin, Mendoza, Ardi Knobel, Noriega-Donis, Paola, Palacios, Claudia, Ramirez, Andrea, Vittet, Macarena, Hafeez, Emil, Torres-Viso, Mariana, Velarde, Myriam, Moulton, Lawrence H., Powers, Michael D., Gilman, Robert H., and Zimic, Mirko

Abstract

Most children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in resource-limited settings (RLS), are diagnosed after the age of four. Our work confirmed and extended results of Pierce that eye tracking could discriminate between typically developing (TD) children and those with ASD. We demonstrated the initial 15 s was at least as discriminating as the entire video. We evaluated the GP-MCHAT-R, which combines the first 15 s of manually-coded gaze preference (GP) video with M-CHAT-R results on 73 TD children and 28 children with ASD, 36-99 months of age. The GP-MCHAT-R (AUC = 0.89 (95%CI: 0.82-0.95)), performed significantly better than the MCHAT-R (AUC = 0.78 (95%CI: 0.71-0.85)) and gaze preference (AUC = 0.76 (95%CI: 0.64-0.88)) alone. This tool may enable early screening for ASD in RLS. [This article was written on behalf of the Autism Working Group in Peru: Vanessa Cavallera, Ricardo Zavaleta, Juan Flores, Dennis Nuñez, Alejandro Dioses, and Anna Smith.]

Published
2021
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14. Viral Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (ALRI) in Rural Bangladeshi Children Prior to the COVID‐19 Pandemic.

Author

Reller, Megan E., Mehta, Kayur, McCollum, Eric D., Ahmed, Salahuddin, Anderson, Jack, Roy, Arunangshu D., Chowdhury, Nabidul Haque, Saha, Samir, Moulton, Lawrence H., Santosham, Mathuram, and Baqui, Abdullah H.

Subjects
RESPIRATORY infections, CHILD mortality, RURAL children, VIRUS isolation, RURAL hospitals
Abstract

Background: Acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRIs) remain the leading infectious cause of death among children < 5 years, with viruses contributing to a large proportion of cases. Little is known about the epidemiology and etiology of viral ALRI in rural Bangladesh. Methods: We enrolled 3‐ to 23‐month‐old children with ALRIs attending a subdistrict hospital outpatient clinic in Sylhet district in Bangladesh. Trained study physicians ascertained the cases and obtained nasopharyngeal swabs to detect 19 respiratory viruses by multiplex PCR using the Luminex Integrated System NxTAG Respiratory pathogen panel. Results: Between August 2016 and September 2017, we enrolled 1477 children. Median age was 10 months; 58.1% were male. Forty‐seven percent presented during autumn (mid‐June to mid‐October). About a third had temperature ≥ 101°F, 95.4% had cough in the previous 3 days, 72.0% had fast breathing, and 80.0% had chest indrawing. Alveolar consolidation occurred in 23.9%, and 4.4% were hypoxemic (saturation < 90% on room air). Nineteen percent required hospitalization; 79.1% of them were discharged within 48 h. A respiratory virus was identified in 81.8%, majority (75.8%) with single virus isolation. Rhinoenterovirus was most commonly identified (HRV/HEV, 37.9%), followed by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 20.2%) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV, 11.7%). Rhinoenterovirus was detected year‐round; RSV was detected during August–November and hMPV during December–March. Conclusions: Respiratory viruses were identified in a majority (82%) of children under 2 years of age presenting with ALRI in rural hospitals of Bangladesh. These findings have implications for future study and potentially for surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship, vaccine program planning, and policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. The Mirasol Evaluation of Reduction in Infections Trial (MERIT): study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial

Author

Kasirye, Ronnie, Hume, Heather A., Bloch, Evan M., Lubega, Irene, Kyeyune, Dorothy, Shrestha, Ruchee, Ddungu, Henry, Musana, Hellen Wambongo, Dhabangi, Aggrey, Ouma, Joseph, Eroju, Priscilla, de Lange, Telsa, Tartakovsky, Michael, White, Jodie L., Kakura, Ceasar, Fowler, Mary Glenn, Musoke, Philippa, Nolan, Monica, Grabowski, M. Kate, Moulton, Lawrence H., Stramer, Susan L., Whitby, Denise, Zimmerman, Peter A., Wabwire, Deo, Kajja, Isaac, McCullough, Jeffrey, Goodrich, Raymond, Quinn, Thomas C., Cortes, Robert, Ness, Paul M., and Tobian, Aaron A. R.

Published
2022
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17. LPG stove and fuel intervention among pregnant women reduce fine particle air pollution exposures in three countries: Pilot results from the HAPIN trial

Author

Aravindalochanan, Vigneswari, Bankundiye, Gloriose, Barr, Dana Boyd, Bussalleu, Alejandra, Canuz, Eduardo, Castañaza, Adly, Chen, Yunyun, Chiang, Marilú, Craik, Rachel, Davila-Roman, Victor G., de las Fuentes, Lisa, Elon, Lisa, Espinoza, Juan Gabriel, Garg, Sarada, Hamid, Sarah, Hartinger, Stella, Harvey, Steven A., Hengstermann, Mayari, Hennessee, Ian, Herrera, Phabiola M., Hossen, Shakir, Howards, Penelope P., Jaacks, Lindsay, Jabbarzadeh, Shirin, Lenzen, Pattie, Lovvorn, Amy E., Mbabazi, Jane, McCollum, Eric, Meyers, Rachel, Moulton, Lawrence, Mukeshimana, Alexie, Mutariyani, Bernard, Natesan, Durairaj, Nizam, Azhar, Ntivuguruzwa, Jean de Dieu, Papageorghiou, Aris, Puttaswamy, Naveen, Puzzolo, Elisa, Quinn, Ashlinn, Rajamani, Karthikeyan Dharmapuri, Ramakrishnan, Usha, Ramasami, Rengaraj, Ramirez, Alexander, Ryan, P. Barry, Saidam, Sudhakar, Sarnat, Jeremy A., Simkovich, Suzanne, Sinharoy, Sheela S., Smith, Kirk R., Swearing, Damien, Thangavel, Gurusamy, Toenjes, Ashley, Valdes, Viviane, Williams, Kendra N., Ye, Wenlu, Young, Bonnie N., Liao, Jiawen, Kirby, Miles A., Pillarisetti, Ajay, Piedrahita, Ricardo, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Sambandam, Sankar, Mukhopadhyay, Krishnendu, Rosa, Ghislaine, Majorin, Fiona, Dusabimana, Ephrem, Ndagijimana, Florien, McCracken, John P., Mollinedo, Erick, de Leon, Oscar, Díaz-Artiga, Anaité, Thompson, Lisa M., Kearns, Katherine A., Naeher, Luke, Rosenthal, Joshua, Clark, Maggie L., Steenland, Kyle, Waller, Lance A., Checkley, William, Peel, Jennifer L., Clasen, Thomas, and Johnson, Michael

Published
2021
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18. Associations between biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction and oral rotavirus vaccine immunogenicity in rural Zimbabwean infants

Author

Church, James A, Rukobo, Sandra, Govha, Margaret, Gough, Ethan K, Chasekwa, Bernard, Lee, Benjamin, Carmolli, Marya P, Panic, Gordana, Giallourou, Natasa, Ntozini, Robert, Mutasa, Kuda, McNeal, Monica M, Majo, Florence D., Tavengwa, Naume V., Swann, Jonathan R., Moulton, Lawrence H, Kirkpatrick, Beth D, Humphrey, Jean H, and Prendergast, Andrew J

Published
2021
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20. Maternal fecal microbiome predicts gestational age, birth weight and neonatal growth in rural Zimbabwe.

Author

Gough, Ethan K., Edens, Thaddeus J., Geum, Hyun Min, Baharmand, Iman, Gill, Sandeep K., Robertson, Ruairi C., Mutasa, Kuda, Ntozini, Robert, Smith, Laura E, Chasekwa, Bernard, Majo, Florence D., Tavengwa, Naume V., Mutasa, Batsirai, Francis, Freddy, Carr, Lynnea, Tome, Joice, Stoltzfus, Rebecca J., Moulton, Lawrence H., Prendergast, Andrew J., Humphrey, Jean H., Manges, Amee R., and Team, SHINE Trial

Published
2021
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22. Evaluating systematic targeted universal testing for tuberculosis in primary care clinics of South Africa: A cluster-randomized trial (The TUTT Trial)

Author

Martinson, Neil A., Nonyane, Bareng A. S., Genade, Leisha P., Berhanu, Rebecca H., Naidoo, Pren, Brey, Zameer, Kinghorn, Anthony, Nyathi, Sipho, Young, Katherine, Hausler, Harry, Connell, Lucy, Lutchminarain, Keeren, Swe Swe-Han, Khine, Vreede, Helena, Said, Mohamed, von Knorring, Nina, Moulton, Lawrence H., and Lebina, Limakatso

Subjects
Diagnosis, Care and treatment, Analysis, Services, Demographic aspects, KOH test -- Analysis, Tuberculosis -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment -- Demographic aspects, Primary health care -- Services
Abstract

Author(s): Neil A. Martinson 1,2,*, Bareng A. S. Nonyane 3, Leisha P. Genade 1, Rebecca H. Berhanu 4, Pren Naidoo 5, Zameer Brey 6, Anthony Kinghorn 1, Sipho Nyathi 7, [...], Background The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends systematic symptom screening for tuberculosis (TB). However, TB prevalence surveys suggest that this strategy does not identify millions of TB patients, globally. Undiagnosed or delayed diagnosis of TB contribute to TB transmission and exacerbate morbidity and mortality. We conducted a cluster-randomized trial of large urban and rural primary healthcare clinics in 3 provinces of South Africa to evaluate whether a novel intervention of targeted universal testing for TB (TUTT) in high-risk groups diagnosed more patients with TB per month compared to current standard of care (SoC) symptom-directed TB testing. Methods and findings Sixty-two clinics were randomized; with initiation of the intervention clinics over 6 months from March 2019. The study was prematurely stopped in March 2020 due to clinics restricting access to patients, and then a week later due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) national lockdown; by then, we had accrued a similar number of TB diagnoses to that of the power estimates and permanently stopped the trial. In intervention clinics, attendees living with HIV, those self-reporting a recent close contact with TB, or a prior episode of TB were all offered a sputum test for TB, irrespective of whether they reported symptoms of TB. We analyzed data abstracted from the national public sector laboratory database using Poisson regression models and compared the mean number of TB patients diagnosed per clinic per month between the study arms. Intervention clinics diagnosed 6,777 patients with TB, 20.7 patients with TB per clinic month (95% CI 16.7, 24.8) versus 6,750, 18.8 patients with TB per clinic month (95% CI 15.3, 22.2) in control clinics during study months. A direct comparison, adjusting for province and clinic TB case volume strata, did not show a significant difference in the number of TB cases between the 2 arms, incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.14 (95% CI 0.94, 1.38, p = 0.46). However, prespecified difference-in-differences analyses showed that while the rate of TB diagnoses in control clinics decreased over time, intervention clinics had a 17% relative increase in TB patients diagnosed per month compared to the prior year, interaction IRR 1.17 (95% CI 1.14, 1.19, p < 0.001). Trial limitations were the premature stop due to COVID-19 lockdowns and the absence of between-arm comparisons of initiation and outcomes of TB treatment in those diagnosed with TB. Conclusions Our trial suggests that the implementation of TUTT in these 3 groups at extreme risk of TB identified more TB patients than SoC and could assist in reducing undiagnosed TB patients in settings of high TB prevalence. Trial registration South African National Clinical Trials Registry DOH-27-092021-4901.

Published
2023
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23. Comparison of QuantiFERON Gold In-Tube Versus Tuberculin Skin Tests on the Initiation of Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy Among Patients Newly Diagnosed With HIV in the North West Province of South Africa (the Teko Study): A Cluster Randomized Trial.

Author

Jarrett, Brooke A, Shearer, Kate, Motlhaoleng, Katlego, Chon, Sandy, Letuba, Gaolaolwe Gabriel, Qomfo, Cokiswa, Moulton, Lawrence H, Cohn, Silvia, Lebina, Limakatso, Chaisson, Richard E, Variava, Ebrahim, Martinson, Neil A, and Golub, Jonathan E

Subjects
TUBERCULOSIS prevention, INTERFERON gamma release tests, RESEARCH funding, HIV-positive persons, STATISTICAL sampling, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, ANTITUBERCULAR agents, TUBERCULIN test, CLUSTER sampling, COMPARATIVE studies, CONFIDENCE intervals
Abstract

Background Tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy (TPT) reduces the risk of TB disease in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), yet uptake has been suboptimal in many countries. We assessed whether QuantiFERON Gold In-Tube (QGIT) during routine HIV care increased TB infection (TBI) testing and TPT prescriptions. Methods This parallel-arm, 1:1 cluster-randomized controlled trial compared the standard-of-care tuberculin skin test to QGIT in South Africa. We enrolled consenting, TPT-eligible adults diagnosed with HIV ≤30 days prior and used intention-to-treat analyses for the outcomes: proportion of patients with documented TBI results, proportion with documented TPT, and time from enrollment to outcomes. Findings We enrolled 2232 patients across 14 clinics from November 2014 to May 2017 (58% in intervention clinics). At 24 months of follow-up, more participants in intervention clinics had TBI results (69% vs 2%, P <.001) and TPT prescriptions (45% vs 30%, P =.13) than control clinics. Controlling for baseline covariates, intervention clinics had 60% (95% confidence interval, 51–68; P <.001) more participants with TBI results and 12% (95% confidence interval, −6 to 31; P =.18) more with TPT prescriptions. Among participants with results, those in intervention clinics received results and TPT faster (intervention: median of 6 and 29 days after enrollment vs control: 21 and 54 days, respectively). Interpretation In this setting, QGIT in routine HIV care resulted in more patients with TBI results. Clinicians also initiated more people with HIV on TPT in QGIT intervention clinics, and did so more quickly, than the control arm. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02119130. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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31. Early child development in children who are HIV-exposed uninfected compared to children who are HIV-unexposed: observational sub-study of a cluster-randomized trial in rural Zimbabwe

Author

Ntozini, Robert, Chandna, Jaya, Evans, Ceri, Chasekwa, Bernard, Majo, Florence D., Kandawasvika, Gwendoline, Tavengwa, Naume V., Mutasa, Batsirai, Mutasa, Kuda, Moulton, Lawrence H., Humphrey, Jean H., Gladstone, Melissa J., and Prendergast, Andrew J.

Subjects
Diseases, Research, Comparative analysis, Clinical trials -- Research -- Comparative analysis, Infants -- Comparative analysis -- Research, HIV -- Research, Sanitation -- Research -- Comparative analysis, Pregnant women -- Research -- Comparative analysis
Abstract

1 | INTRODUCTION The increasing coverage of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) interventions in sub-Saharan Africa has dramatically reduced the number of children with HIV infection. However, this success has [...], Introduction: Exposure to maternal HIV may affect early child development (ECD), although previous studies have reported heterogeneous findings. We evaluated ECD among children who were HIV-exposed uninfected (CHEU) and children who were HIV-unexposed (CHU) recruited to the SHINE trial in rural Zimbabwe. Methods: SHINE was a community-based cluster-randomized trial of improved infant feeding and/or improved water, sanitation and hygiene. Pregnant women were enrolled between 2012 and 2015. We assessed ECD in a sub-study at 24 months of age, between 2016 and 2017, using the Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool (MDAT; assessing motor, cognitive, language and social development); MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) (assessing vocabulary and grammar); A-not-B test (assessing object permanence); and a self-control task. Mothers and infants were tested longitudinally for HIV. We used generalized estimating equations to compare ECD scores between CHEU and CHU, accounting for the cluster-randomized design. Primary results were adjusted for trial-related factors that could affect measurement reliability of ECD: study nurse, age of child, calendar month of birth, sex and randomized arm. Results: A total of 205 CHEU and 1175 CHU were evaluated. Mean total MDAT score was 90.6 (SD 8.7) in CHEU compared to 92.4 (9.1) in CHU (adjusted mean difference -1.3, 95% CI: -2.3, -0.3), driven mostly by differences in gross motor (-0.5, 95% CI: -0.9, -0.2) and language scores (-0.6, 95% CI: -1.1, -0.1). There was evidence that fine motor scores were lower in CHEU (adjusted mean difference -0.4, 95% CI: -0.8, 0.0) but no evidence of a difference in social scores (0.1, 95% CI: -0.2, 0.4). Mean MacArthur-Bates CDI vocabulary score was 57.9 (SD 19.2) in CHEU compared to 61.3 (18.8) in CHU (adjusted mean difference -2.9 words, 95% CI: -5.7, -0.1). Object permanence and self-control scores were similar between groups. Conclusions: CHEU in rural Zimbabwe had total child development and vocabulary scores that were approximately 0.15 standard deviations lower than CHU at two years of age. More detailed and specific studies are now needed to unravel the reasons for developmental delay in CHEU and the likelihood that these delays persist in the longer term. Keywords: child development; language; motor; self-control; HIV-exposed uninfected; Zimbabwe

Published
2020
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32. Differences in magnitude and rates of change in BMI distributions by socioeconomic and geographic factors in Mexico, Colombia, and Peru, 2005-2010

Author

Yamada, Goro, Jones-Smith, Jessica C., Castillo-Salgado, Carlos, and Moulton, Lawrence H.

Subjects
Distribution, Social aspects, Economic aspects, Health aspects, Company distribution practices, Obesity -- Distribution -- Social aspects -- Economic aspects, Social class -- Health aspects, Social classes -- Health aspects
Abstract

Author(s): Goro Yamada [sup.1] [sup.2] , Jessica C. Jones-Smith [sup.1] [sup.3] , Carlos Castillo-Salgado [sup.2] , Lawrence H. Moulton [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg [...], Background/Objectives Previous studies about obesity and its associated factors in low- and middle-income countries have been based mostly on women of reproductive age. Furthermore, disproportionally changing BMI distributions have been a challenge for its appropriate modeling. In this context, we assessed the magnitude and rate of change in BMI distribution by socioeconomic and geographic factors in both sexes in Latin American countries, modeling the shape of BMI distributions. Subjects/Methods We used data from national surveys conducted in Mexico, Colombia, and Peru at two time points between 2005 and 2013 (N = 57,414, 13,5403, and 30,811, respectively). We estimated shapes of BMI distributions for 2005 and 2010, and assessed their changes, using the generalized additive model for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS), in which BMI was assumed to follow a Box-Cox Power Exponential (BCPE) distribution. Results In all the three countries, higher education was negatively associated with BMI in women but somewhat positive in men; and household wealth was positively associated in men but not in women. Lower household wealth was associated with higher rates of change in BMI distributions in women. Conclusion Education and household wealth were associated with BMI distributions and their change over time. Observed sex differences in these associations have implications for designing relevant policies and programs to approach target populations effectively. The BCPE-GAMLSS method can provide a useful visual assessment of time-varying measures.

Published
2020
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34. Challenges in the diagnosis of paediatric pneumonia in intervention field trials: recommendations from a pneumonia field trial working group

Author

Nambajimana, Abidan, Pillarisetti, Ajay, Verma, Amit, Lovvorn, Amy, Diaz, Anaité, Papageorghiou, Aris, Toenjes, Ashley, Quinn, Ashlinn, Nizam, Azhar, Ryan, Barry, Young, Bonnie, Barr, Dana, Goodman, Dina, Canuz, Eduardo, Puzzolo, Elisa, McCollum, Eric, Mollinedo, Erick, Majorin, Fiona, Ndagijimana, Florien, Rosa, Ghislaine, Thangavel, Gurusamy, Chang, Howard, Fuentes, Irma, Miranda, J Jaime, Ntivuguruzwa, JD, Uwizeyimana, Jean, Peel, Jennifer, Sarnat, Jeremy, Liao, Jiawen, McCracken, John, Rosenthal, Joshua, Espinoza, Juan, Campbell, JM, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Williams, Kendra, Smith, Kirk, Mukhopadhyay, Krishnendu, Steenland, Kyle, Waller, Lance, Moulton, Lawrence, Jaacks, Lindsay, Underhill, Lindsay, de la Fuentes, Lisa, Elon, Lisa, Thompson, Lisa, Naeher, Luke, Clark, Maggie, Laws, Margaret, Chiang, Marilú, Howard, Marjorie, Crocker, Mary, Johnson, Michael, Kirby, Miles, Puttaswamy, Naveen, De Leon, Oscar, Herrera, Phabiola, Craik, Rachel, Merrick, Rachel, Piedrahita, Ricardo, Sambandam, Sankar, Garg, Sarada, Rajkumar, Sarah, Gupton, Savannah, Hossen, Shakir, Sinharoy, Sheela, Jabbarzadeh, Shirin, Hartinger, Stella, Harvey, Steven, Simkovich, Suzanne, Clasen, Thomas, Ramakrishnan, Usha, Burrowes, Vanessa, Davila-Roman, Victor, Aravindalochanan, Vigneswari, Checkley, William, Chen, Yunyun, Sakas, Zoe, Crocker, Mary E, Pervaiz, Farhan, McCollum, Eric D, Simkovich, Suzanne M, Miele, Catherine H, Hammitt, Laura L, Zar, Heather J, Campbell, Harry, Lanata, Claudio F, McCracken, John P, Thompson, Lisa M, Kirby, Miles A, Thanasekaraan, Vijayalakshmi, and King, Carina

Published
2019
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36. Weight-bearing in ankle fractures: An audit of UK practice

Author

Gill, James R., Lostis, Emilie, Bleibleh, Sabri S., Hennessy, Michael S., Thondickal, Femi, Gadd, Richard J., Grupping, Rachael, Chikate, Albert, Khor, Suan, Malani, Sangam, Nabulyato, William, Rai, Praveen, Vaghela, Kalpesh R., Pillai, Shashank, Baskaran, Dinnish, Kugapiriyan, Raviraj, Masunda, Stanley, Parker, Jeremy, Bintcliffe, Fiona, Murphy, Tom, Rose, Barry, Shafafy, Roozbeh, Holme, Thomas, Mahapatra, Piyush, Mallina, Ravikanth, Mansouri, Reza, Render, Luke, Scrimshire, Ashley, Walker, Lucy, Ahmed, Syed, Kandel, Poonam, Drake, Benjamin, Williams, Patrick, Hannah, Andrew, Hayat, Zara, Aitken, Thomas, Carter, Thomas H., Crome, Christopher, Banerjee, Purnajyoti, Ravi, Vinoth, West, Victor, Bennett, James, Leung, Andraay, Skipsey, David, Blomfield, Mark, Akhtar, Ahsan, Al-Dadah, Khalid, Davies, Emma, Kropelnicki, Anna, Leong, Edmund, Malik, Sheraz, Sun, Stephen Ng Man, D'Souza, Winster, Mehmood, Shahid, Reynolds, Gavin, Sattar, Mariam, Abdelhaq, Ady, Durst, Alexander, Ngu, Albert, Budacan, Alina, Gray, Matt, Myatt, Antonia, Claireaux, Henry A., Griffin, Xavier L., Nagra, Navraj S., Rashid, Mustafa, Borse, Vishal, Muir, Ross, Alho, Roberto J.R., Ankers, Thomas, Aziz, Sheweidin, Perianayagam, Ganapathy, Al-Dulaimy, Bakir, Franklin, Marieta, Wilson, Purwa, Chandrappa, Mallikarjun, Mubasher, Latif, Shahid, Rizwan, Shashidhara, Singapura, Xu, Yiteng, Hodhody, Ghazal, Jeffery, John, Humphry, Simon, Street, Julia, Yasin, Tariq, Kaur, Jasprit, Donovan, Richard L., Kahane, Steve, Parker, Lee, Byrne, Hayleigh, Gowda, Sushmith, Frank, Barbara, Shenoy, Ravikiran, Singh, Abhinav, Trakru, Sunil, Brewer, Paul, Petrie, Mike, Bhattee, Ghias, Rafferty, Michael, Tang, Quen O., Elbashir, Mohamed, Kutuzov, Vladislav, Spacey, Kate, Ebreo, Darren, Gupta, Shreekant, Ahmed, Usman, Mustafa, Mohammed Al, Ali, Seyed, Chauhan, Govind Singh S., Elashry, Saad, Lotfi, Naeil, Malik, Shahbaz, Marsh, Alastair, Pagkalos, Iosif, Rangan, Raghunaathan, Raval, Parag, Sarhan, Islam, Shaik, Yousufuddin, Thangaraj, Rajkumar, Wu, Feiran, Kazmi, Zainab, Kong, Chia Yew Y., Lebe, Moritz, Lidder, Surjit, Masterson, Sean, Shabani, Farzad, Ikram, Adeel, Marson, Ben A., Matthews, Paul, Prasad, Ganesh, Davenport, James, Karski, Mike, Syam, Kevin, Unnikrishnan, Nithin, Abu-Rajab, Rashid, Liew, Ignatius, Koh, Niak Puei, Barrie, Jim, Goubran, Alex, Maling, Lucy, Karam, Edward, Limb, Richard, Matheron, George, Awad, Fady, Shuttlewood, Kimberely, Pearce, Jack, Teoh, Kar H., Higgins, Jo, Koc, Togay, Mcfall, John, Holland, George, Maempel, Julian F., Nicholson, Jamie, Wickramasinghe, Neil, Berg, Andrew J., Knowles, David, Dowlut, Naeem, Hayat, Mehvish, Bourne, James T., Dupley, Leanne, Kim, Min Soo S.K., Poustie, Mark, Bowen, Laura, Fawdington, Ross A., Moulton, Lawrence S, Ribee, Helen, Tunstall, Charlotte, Boyd, Robert, Quayle, Jonathan, Auld, Felicity, Bellringer, Simon F, Cassidy, Lucy, Ray, Arunray, Rogers, Benedict, Kapur, Richard, Kyprianou, Katerina, Tarassoli, Payam, Ferns, John, Killen, Maire-Clare, Sur, Hartej, Tam, Yin, Bala, Sathish, Das, Rishi, Higgin, Ryan, Topping, Jonathan, Duffy, Sean, Robinson, Peter, Stoddart, Mike, AlTaweel, Ali, Chew, Ernest, Popat, Ravi, Sharma, Aadhar, Wharton, Rupert, Hook, Samantha, Khangura, Taran, Seewoonarain, Sheena, Sokota, Sian, Cross, Charlotte E, Mcloughlin, Kathryn, Andrews, Frances, Bretherton, Chris P, Simpson, Jennie, Lupu, Andreea, Thomas, Charlotte T, Tweedie, Blair, Chirputka, Kedar, Ferns, Bernard, Ross, Steven, Zhang, Yuhao, Goodland, Christopher, Barkham, Benjamin, Bhamra, Jagmeet, Cuthbert, Rory, Nair, Arun, Payne, Robert, Weston, Matthew, Wong, Ryan, Wood, Tom, Thomas, Philip, Wilkinson, Hannah, Adeelakhtar, Muhammad, Bate, Jo-Ann, Brandao, Bernardo Duarte, Lovell, Martin, Unsworth, Richard, Clayton, Robert, Yapp, Liam, Badgetu, Ravi, Hughes, Mike, Burns, Sophia, Kho, Ling, Li, Lily, Evans, Douglas, Fenner, Christopher, Logishetty, Kartik, Nahas, Sam, Nathan, Subra, Kumar, Karadi, Negus, Oliver, Salt, Gemma, Sarker, Shahrier, Blucher, Nicola, Lyle, Shirley, Buckle, Christopher, Chibuzo, Manafa, Jones, Mark, Nachev, Krasimir, Sayani, Junaid, Williams, Olatoyosi, Cruickshank, James, and Edwards, Nicholas

Published
2019
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37. Integrated HIV testing, prevention, and treatment intervention for key populations in India: a cluster-randomised trial

Author

Solomon, Sunil S, Solomon, Suniti, McFall, Allison M, Srikrishnan, Aylur K, Anand, Santhanam, Verma, Vinita, Vasudevan, Canjeevaram K, Balakrishnan, Pachamuthu, Ogburn, Elizabeth L, Moulton, Lawrence H, Kumar, Muniratnam S, Sachdeva, Kuldeep Singh, Laeyendecker, Oliver, Celentano, David D, Lucas, Gregory M, and Mehta, Shruti H

Published
2019
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39. Effects of Cooking with Liquefied Petroleum Gas or Biomass on Stunting in Infants

Author

Checkley, William, primary, Thompson, Lisa M., additional, Sinharoy, Sheela S., additional, Hossen, Shakir, additional, Moulton, Lawrence H., additional, Chang, Howard H., additional, Waller, Lance, additional, Steenland, Kyle, additional, Rosa, Ghislaine, additional, Mukeshimana, Alexie, additional, Ndagijimana, Florien, additional, McCracken, John P., additional, Díaz-Artiga, Anaité, additional, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, additional, Garg, Sarada S., additional, Thangavel, Gurusamy, additional, Aravindalochanan, Vigneswari, additional, Hartinger, Stella M., additional, Chiang, Marilú, additional, Kirby, Miles A., additional, Papageorghiou, Aris T., additional, Ramakrishnan, Usha, additional, Williams, Kendra N., additional, Nicolaou, Laura, additional, Johnson, Michael, additional, Pillarisetti, Ajay, additional, Rosenthal, Joshua, additional, Underhill, Lindsay J., additional, Wang, Jiantong, additional, Jabbarzadeh, Shirin, additional, Chen, Yunyun, additional, Dávila-Román, Victor G., additional, Naeher, Luke P., additional, McCollum, Eric D., additional, Peel, Jennifer L., additional, and Clasen, Thomas F., additional

Published
2024
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40. Liquefied Petroleum Gas or Biomass Cooking and Severe Infant Pneumonia

Author

McCollum, Eric D., primary, McCracken, John P., additional, Kirby, Miles A., additional, Grajeda, Laura M., additional, Hossen, Shakir, additional, Moulton, Lawrence H., additional, Simkovich, Suzanne M., additional, Goodman-Palmer, Dina, additional, Rosa, Ghislaine, additional, Mukeshimana, Alexie, additional, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, additional, Thangavel, Gurusamy, additional, Garg, Sarada S., additional, Castañaza, Adly, additional, Thompson, Lisa M., additional, Diaz-Artiga, Anaite, additional, Papageorghiou, Aris T., additional, Davila-Roman, Victor G., additional, Underhill, Lindsay J., additional, Hartinger, Stella M., additional, Williams, Kendra N., additional, Nicolaou, Laura, additional, Chang, Howard H., additional, Lovvorn, Amy E., additional, Rosenthal, Joshua P., additional, Pillarisetti, Ajay, additional, Ye, Wenlu, additional, Naeher, Luke P., additional, Johnson, Michael A., additional, Waller, Lance A., additional, Jabbarzadeh, Shirin, additional, Wang, Jiantong, additional, Chen, Yunyun, additional, Steenland, Kyle, additional, Clasen, Thomas F., additional, Peel, Jennifer L., additional, and Checkley, William, additional

Published
2024
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41. Independent and combined effects of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene, and improved complementary feeding, on stunting and anaemia among HIV-exposed children in rural Zimbabwe: a cluster-randomised controlled trial

Author

Prendergast, Andrew J, Chasekwa, Bernard, Evans, Ceri, Mutasa, Kuda, Mbuya, Mduduzi N N, Stoltzfus, Rebecca J, Smith, Laura E, Majo, Florence D, Tavengwa, Naume V, Mutasa, Batsirai, Mangwadu, Goldberg T, Chasokela, Cynthia M, Chigumira, Ancikaria, Moulton, Lawrence H, Ntozini, Robert, and Humphrey, Jean H

Published
2019
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42. Independent and combined effects of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene, and improved complementary feeding, on child stunting and anaemia in rural Zimbabwe: a cluster-randomised trial

Author

Humphrey, Jean H, Jones, Andrew D, Manges, Amee, Mangwadu, Goldberg, Maluccio, John A, Mbuya, Mduduzi N N, Moulton, Lawrence H, Ntozini, Robert, Prendergast, Andrew J, Stoltzfus, Rebecca J, Tielsch, James M, Chasokela, Cynthia, Chigumira, Ancikaria, Heylar, William, Hwena, Preston, Kembo, George, Majo, Florence D, Mutasa, Batsirai, Mutasa, Kuda, Rambanepasi, Philippa, Sauramba, Virginia, Tavengwa, Naume V, Van Der Keilen, Franne, Zambezi, Chipo, Chidhanguro, Dzivaidzo, Chigodora, Dorcas, Chipanga, Joseph F, Gerema, Grace, Magara, Tawanda, Mandava, Mandava, Mavhudzi, Tafadzwa, Mazhanga, Clever, Muzaradope, Grace, Mwapaura, Marian T, Phiri, Simon, Tengende, Alice, Banda, Cynthia, Chasekwa, Bernard, Chidamba, Leah, Chidawanyika, Theodore, Chikwindi, Elisha, Chingaona, Lovemore K, Chiorera, Courage K, Dandadzi, Adlight, Govha, Margaret, Gumbo, Hlanai, Gwanzura, Karen T, Kasaru, Sarudzai, Makasi, Rachel, Matsika, Alois M, Maunze, Diana, Mazarura, Exevia, Mpofu, Eddington, Mushonga, Johnson, Mushore, Tafadzwa E, Muzira, Tracey, Nembaware, Netsai, Nkiwane, Sibongile, Nyamwino, Penias, Rukobo, Sandra D, Runodamoto, Thompson, Seremwe, Shepherd, Simango, Pururudzai, Tome, Joice, Tsenesa, Blessing, Amadu, Umali, Bangira, Beauty, Chiveza, Daniel, Hove, Priscilla, Jombe, Horaiti A, Kujenga, Didymus, Madhuyu, Lenin, Makoni, Prince M, Maramba, Naume, Maregere, Betty, Marumani, Ellen, Masakadze, Elisha, Mazula, Phathisiwe, Munyanyi, Caroline, Musanhu, Grace, Mushanawani, Raymond C, Mutsando, Sibongile, Nazare, Felicia, Nyarambi, Moses, Nzuda, Wellington, Sigauke, Trylife, Solomon, Monica, Tavengwa, Tendai, Biri, Farisai, Chafanza, Misheck, Chaitezvi, Cloud, Chauke, Tsundukani, Chidzomba, Collen, Dadirai, Tawanda, Fundira, Clemence, Gambiza, Athanasios C, Godzongere, Tatenda, Kuona, Maria, Mafuratidze, Tariro, Mapurisa, Idah, Mashedze, Tsitsi, Moyo, Nokuthula, Musariri, Charles, Mushambadope, Matambudzo, Mutsonziwa, Tawanda R, Muzondo, Augustine, Mwareka, Rudo, Nyamupfukudza, Juleika, Saidi, Baven, Sakuhwehwe, Tambudzai, Sikalima, Gerald, Tembe, Jenneth, Chekera, Tapiwanashe E, Chihombe, Owen, Chikombingo, Muchaneta, Chirinda, Tichaona, Chivizhe, Admire, Hove, Ratidzai, Kufa, Rudo, Machikopa, Tatenda F, Mandaza, Wilbert, Mandongwe, Liberty, Manhiyo, Farirai, Manyaga, Emmanuel, Mapuranga, Peter, Matimba, Farai S, Matonhodze, Patience, Mhuri, Sarah, Mike, Joice, Ncube, Bekezela, Nderecha, Walter T S, Noah, Munyaradzi, Nyamadzawo, Charles, Penda, Jonathan, Saidi, Asinje, Shonhayi, Sarudzai, Simon, Clemence, Tichagwa, Monica, Chamakono, Rachael, Chauke, Annie, Gatsi, Andrew F, Hwena, Blessing, Jawi, Hillary, Kaisa, Benjamin, Kamutanho, Sithembile, Kaswa, Tapiwa, Kayeruza, Paradhi, Lunga, Juliet, Magogo, Nomatter, Manyeruke, Daniel, Mazani, Patricia, Mhuriyengwe, Fungai, Mlambo, Farisai, Moyo, Stephen, Mpofu, Tawanda, Mugava, Mishelle, Mukungwa, Yvonne, Muroyiwa, Fungai, Mushonga, Eddington, Nyekete, Selestino, Rinashe, Tendai, Sibanda, Kundai, Chemhuru, Milton, Chikunya, Jeffrey, Chikwavaire, Vimbai F, Chikwiriro, Charity, Chimusoro, Anderson, Chinyama, Jotam, Gwinji, Gerald, Hoko-Sibanda, Nokuthula, Kandawasvika, Rutendo, Madzimure, Tendai, Maponga, Brian, Mapuranga, Antonella, Marembo, Joana, Matsunge, Luckmore, Maunga, Simbarashe, Muchekeza, Mary, Muti, Monica, Nyamana, Marvin, Azhuda, Efa, Bhoroma, Urayai, Biriyadi, Ailleen, Chafota, Elizabeth, Chakwizira, Angelline, Chamhamiwa, Agness, Champion, Tavengwa, Chazuza, Stella, Chikwira, Beauty, Chingozho, Chengeto, Chitabwa, Abigail, Dhurumba, Annamary, Furidzirai, Albert, Gandanga, Andrew, Gukuta, Chipo, Macheche, Beauty, Marihwi, Bongani, Masike, Barbara, Mutangandura, Eunice, Mutodza, Beatrice, Mutsindikwa, Angeline, Mwale, Alice, Ndhlovu, Rebecca, Nduna, Norah, Nyamandi, Cathrine, Ruvata, Elias, Sithole, Babra, Urayai, Rofina, Vengesa, Bigboy, Zorounye, Micheal, Bamule, Memory, Bande, Michael, Chahuruva, Kumbirai, Chidumba, Lilian, Chigove, Zvisinei, Chiguri, Kefas, Chikuni, Susan, Chikwanda, Ruvarashe, Chimbi, Tarisai, Chingozho, Micheal, Chinhamo, Olinia, Chinokuramba, Regina, Chinyoka, Chiratidzo, Chipenzi, Xaviour, Chipute, Raviro, Chiribhani, Godfrey, Chitsinga, Mary, Chiwanga, Charles, Chiza, Anamaria, Chombe, Faith, Denhere, Memory, Dhamba, Ephania, Dhamba, Miriam, Dube, Joyas, Dzimbanhete, Florence, Dzingai, Godfrey, Fusira, Sikhutele, Gonese, Major, Gota, Johnson, Gumure, Kresencia, Gwaidza, Phinias, Gwangwava, Margret, Gwara, Winnet, Gwauya, Melania, Gwiba, Maidei, Hamauswa, Joyce, Hlasera, Sarah, Hlukani, Eustina, Hotera, Joseph, Jakwa, Lovemore, Jangara, Gilbert, Janyure, Micheal, Jari, Christopher, Juru, Duvai, Kapuma, Tabeth, Konzai, Paschalina, Mabhodha, Moly, Maburutse, Susan, Macheka, Chipo, Machigaya, Tawanda, Machingauta, Florence, Machokoto, Eucaria, Madhumba, Evelyn, Madziise, Learnard, Madziva, Clipps, Madzivire, Mavis, Mafukise, Mistake, Maganga, Marceline, Maganga, Senzeni, Mageja, Emmanuel, Mahanya, Miriam, Mahaso, Evelyn, Mahleka, Sanelisiwe, Makanhiwa, Pauline, Makarudze, Mavis, Makeche, Constant, Makopa, Nickson, Makumbe, Ranganai, Mandire, Mascline, Mandiyanike, Eunice, Mangena, Eunice, Mangiro, Farai, Mangwadu, Alice, Mangwengwe, Tambudzai, Manhidza, Juliet, Manhovo, Farai, Manono, Irene, Mapako, Shylet, Mapfumo, Evangelista, Mapfumo, Timothy, Mapuka, Jane, Masama, Douglas, Masenge, Getrude, Mashasha, Margreth, Mashivire, Veronica, Matunhu, Moses, Mavhoro, Pazvichaenda, Mawuka, Godfrey, Mazango, Ireen, Mazhata, Netsai, Mazuva, David, Mazuva, Mary, Mbinda, Filomina, Mborera, John, Mfiri, Upenyu, Mhandu, Florence, Mhike, Chrispen, Mhike, Tambudzai, Mhuka, Artwell, Midzi, Judith, Moyo, Siqondeni, Mpundu, Michael, Msekiwa, Nicholas, Msindo, Dominic, Mtisi, Choice, Muchemwa, Gladys, Mujere, Nyadziso, Mukaro, Ellison, Muketiwa, Kilvera, Mungoi, Silvia, Munzava, Esline, Muoki, Rosewita, Mupura, Harugumi, Murerwa, Evelyn, Murisi, Clarieta, Muroyiwa, Letwin, Muruvi, Musara, Musemwa, Nelson, Mushure, Christina, Mutero, Judith, Mutero, Philipa, Mutumbu, Patrick, Mutya, Cleopatra, Muzanango, Lucia, Muzembi, Martin, Muzungunye, Dorcus, Mwazha, Valeliah, Ncube, Thembeni, Ndava, Takunda, Ndlovu, Nomvuyo, Nehowa, Pauline, Ngara, Dorothy, Nguruve, Leonard, Nhigo, Petronella, Nkiwane, Samukeliso, Nyanyai, Luckson, Nzombe, Judith, Office, Evelyn, Paul, Beatrice, Pavari, Shambadzirai, Ranganai, Sylvia, Ratisai, Stella, Rugara, Martha, Rusere, Peter, Sakala, Joyce, Sango, Prosper, Shava, Sibancengani, Shekede, Margaret, Shizha, Cornellious, Sibanda, Tedla, Tapambwa, Neria, Tembo, John, Tinago, Netsai, Tinago, Violet, Toindepi, Theresa, Tovigepi, John, Tuhwe, Modesta, Tumbo, Kundai, Zaranyika, Tinashe, Zaru, Tongai, Zimidzi, Kamurayi, Zindo, Matilda, Zindonda, Maria, Zinhumwe, Nyaradzai, Zishiri, Loveness, Ziyambi, Emerly, Zvinowanda, James, Bepete, Ekenia, Chiwira, Christine, Chuma, Naume, Fari, Abiegirl, Gavi, Samson, Gunha, Violet, Hakunandava, Fadzai, Huku, Constance, Hungwe, Given, Maduke, Grace, 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Tibugari, Amonilla, Timothy, Stella, Tongogara, Rumbidzai, Tshuma, Lancy, Tsikira, Mirirayi, Tumba, Constance, Watinaye, Rumbidzayi, Zhiradzango, Ethel, Zimunya, Esther, Zinengwa, Leanmary, Ziupfu, Magret, Ziyambe, Job, Church, James A, Desai, Amy, Fundira, Dadirai, Gough, Ethan, Kambarami, Rukundo A, Matare, Cynthia R, Malaba, Thokozile R, Mupfudze, Tatenda, Ngure, Francis, Smith, Laura E, Curtis, Val, Dickin, Katherine L, Habicht, Jean-Pierre, Masimirembwa, Collen, Morgan, Peter, Pelto, Gretel H, Sheffner-Rogers, Corinne, Thelingwani, Roslyn, Turner, Paul, Zungu, Lindiwe, Makadzange, Tariro, Mujuru, Hilda A, Nyachowe, Chandiwana, Chakadai, Rugare, Chanyau, Gabriel, Makamure, Mary G, Chiwariro, Humphrey, Mtetwa, Tambudzai, Maguwu, Lisbern, Nyadundu, Simon, Moyo, Tshebukani, Chayima, Beauty, Mvindi, Lucy, Rwenhamo, Pauline, Muzvarwandoga, Shamiso, Chimukangara, Rumbidzai, Njovo, Handrea, Makoni, Talent, Majo, Florence, Chasokela, Cynthia M, and Manges, Amee R

Published
2019
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43. Household Air Pollution Concentrations after Liquefied Petroleum Gas Interventions in Rural Peru: Findings from a One-Year Randomized Controlled Trial Followed by a One-Year Pragmatic Crossover Trial

Author

Fandino-Del-Rio, Magdalena, Kephart, Josiah L., Williams, Kendra N., Shade, Timothy, Adekunle, Temi, Steenland, Kyle, Naeher, Luke P., Moulton, Lawrence H., Gonzales, Gustavo F., Chiang, Marilu, Hossen, Shakir, Chartier, Ryan T., Koehler, Kirsten, and Checkley, William

Subjects
Control, Health aspects, Environmental aspects, Indoor air pollution -- Health aspects -- Control, Combustion -- Environmental aspects -- Health aspects, Rural health -- Environmental aspects, Liquefied petroleum gas -- Environmental aspects -- Health aspects
Abstract

Introduction Household air pollution (HAP) from the combustion of solid fuels such as wood, crop waste, and animal dung is among the leading environmental risk factors for preventable disease (Bennitt [...], Background: Household air pollution (HAP) from biomass fuel combustion remains a leading environmental risk factor for morbidity worldwide. Objective: Measure the effect of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) interventions on HAP exposures in Puno, Peru. Methods: We conducted a 1-y randomized controlled trial followed by a 1-y pragmatic crossover trial in 180 women age 25-64 y. During the first year, intervention participants received a free LPG stove, continuous fuel delivery, and regular behavioral messaging, whereas controls continued their biomass cooking practices. During the second year, control participants received a free LPG stove, regular behavioral messaging, and vouchers to obtain LPG tanks from a nearby distributor, whereas fuel distribution stopped for intervention participants. We collected 48-h kitchen area concentrations and personal exposures to fine particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter [less than or equal to]2.5 [micro]m (P[M.sub.2.5]), black carbon (BC), and carbon monoxide (CO) at baseline and 3-, 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-months post randomization. Results: Baseline mean [+ or -] standard deviation (SD)] P[M.sub.2.5] (kitchen area concentrations 1,220 [+ or -]1,010 vs. 1,190 [+ or -]880 [micro]g/[m.sup.3]; personal exposure 126 [+ or -]214 vs. 104 [+ or -] 100 [micro]g/[m.sup.3]), CO (kitchen 53 [+ or - ]49 vs. 50 [+ or -]41 ppm; personal 7 [+ or -] 8 vs. 7 [+ or -] 8ppm), and BC (kitchen 180 [+ or -] 120 vs. 210 [+ or -] 150 [micro]g/[m.sup.3]; personal 19 [+ or -]16 vs. 21 [+ or -]22 [micro]g/[m.sup.3]) were similar between control and intervention participants. Intervention participants had consistently lower mean ([+ or -] SD) concentrations at the 12-month visit for kitchen (41 [+ or - ]59 [micro]g/[m.sup.3], 3 [+ or - ]6[micro]g/[m.sup.3], and 8 [+ or -] 13 ppm) and personal exposures (26 [+ or - ]34 [micro]g/[m.sup.3], 2[+ or -]3 [micro]g/[m.sup.3], and 3 [+ or -]4ppm) to P[M.sub.2.5], BC, and CO when compared to controls during the first year. In the second year, we observed comparable HAP reductions among controls after the voucher-based intervention for LPG fuel was implemented (24-month visit P[M.sub.2.5], BC, and CO kitchen mean concentrations of 34 [+ or -]74 [micro]g/[m.sup.3], 3[+ or -]5 [micro]g/[m.sup.3], and 6 [+ or -]6 ppm and personal exposures of 17 [+ or -] 15 [micro]g/[m.sup.3], 2[+ or -]2[micro]g/[m.sup.3], and 3 [+ or -]4 ppm, respectively), and average reductions were present among intervention participants even after free fuel distribution stopped (24-month visit P[M.sub.2.5], BC, and CO kitchen mean concentrations of 561 [+ or -] 1,251 [micro]g/[m.sup.3], 82 [+ or -] 124 [micro]g/[m.sup.3], and 23 [+ or -] 28 ppm and personal exposures of 35 [+ or -]38 [micro]g/[m.sup.3], 6[+ or -]6 [micro]g/[m.sup.3], and4[+ or -] 5 ppm, respectively). Discussion: Both home delivery and voucher-based provision of free LPG over a 1- y period, in combination with provision of a free LPG stove and longitudinal behavioral messaging, reduced HAP to levels below 24-h World Health Organization air quality guidelines. Moreover, the effects of the intervention on HAP persisted for a year after fuel delivery stopped. Such strategies could be applied in LPG programs to reduce HAP and potentially improve health. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10054

Published
2022
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50. Effects of a household air pollution intervention using liquefied petroleum gas stoves, continuous fuel distribution and behavioural messaging on dietary and sodium intake of adult women in Puno, Peru: a randomised controlled trial

Author

Tarazona-Meza, Carla, Williams, Kendra N., Malpartida, Gary, Kephart, Josiah L., Fandiño-Del-Río, Magdalena, Simkovich, Suzanne, Hossen, Shakir, Chiang, Marilu, Koehler, Kirsten, Checkley, William, Gonzales Rengifo, Gustavo Francisco, Naeher, Luke, Rosenthal, Joshua, Steenland, N.Kyle, Aguilar, Theresa, Burrowes, Vanessa, Fung, Elizabeth C., Goodman, Dina, Harvey, Steven A., Herrera, Phabiola, Lee, Alexander, Lee, Kathryn A., Miele, Catherine H., Moazzami, Mitra, Moulton, Lawrence, Nangia, Saachi, Nicolaou, Laura, O’Brien, Carolyn J., Shade, Timothy R., Stashko, Lena, Villegas-Gomez, Adriadne, Winiker, Abigail, Davila-Roman, Victor, de las Fuentes, Lisa, Boyd, Dana Barr, Jolly, Maria, Rozo, Angela, and Cardiopulmonary outcomes and Household Air Pollution (CHAP) trial Investigators

Subjects
Nutrition and Dietetics, household air pollution, Ingestión de Alimentos, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Contaminación del Aire Interior, Medicine (miscellaneous), Sodio, Registros de Dieta, clean cookstoves, dietary intake, sodium, 24-hour recall, Industria del Petróleo y Gas, liquefied petroleum gas
Abstract

Objective: Household air pollution (HAP) is a widespread environmental exposure worldwide. While several cleaner fuel interventions have been implemented to reduce personal exposures to HAP, it is unclear if cooking with cleaner fuels also affects the choice of meals and dietary intake. Design: Individually randomised, open-label controlled trial of a HAP intervention. We aimed to determine the effect of a HAP intervention on dietary and Na intake. Intervention participants received a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove, continuous fuel delivery and behavioural messaging during 1 year whereas control participants continued with usual cooking practices that involved the use of biomass-burning stoves. Dietary outcomes included energy, energy-adjusted macronutrients and Na intake at baseline, 6 months and 12 months post-randomisation using 24-h dietary recalls and 24-h urine. We used t-tests to estimate differences between arms in the post-randomisation period. Setting: Rural settings in Puno, Peru. Participants: One hundred women aged 25–64 years. Results: At baseline, control and intervention participants were similar in age (47·4 v. 49·5 years) and had similar daily energy (8894·3 kJ v. 8295·5 kJ), carbohydrate (370·8 g v. 373·3 g) and Na intake (4·9 g v. 4·8 g). One year after randomisation, we did not find differences in average energy intake (9292·4 kJ v. 8788·3 kJ; P = 0·22) or Na intake (4·5 g v. 4·6 g; P = 0·79) between control and intervention participants. Conclusions: Our HAP intervention consisting of an LPG stove, continuous fuel distribution and behavioural messaging did not affect dietary and Na intake in rural Peru.

Published
2023
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