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Background and Objectives: The presence and contribution of senescent cells in premalignant lesions is well documented, but not in germ cell neoplasia in situ. The purpose of this study is to identify the presence of senescent cells in pre-malignant testicular conditions and in different histological types of testicular cancer. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients who underwent orchiectomy due to testicular tumors were included. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) testicular tissue for each patient was available. Sections from these specimens were examined by immunohistochemical analysis with the following markers: GL13 for cellular senescence, p21WAF1/Cip1 for cell cycle arrest, and Ki67 for cell proliferation. Results: Thirteen (43.3%) suffered from seminoma with a mean total proportion of GCNIS senescence of 20.81 ± 6.81%. In the group of embryonal testicular tumors, nine (30%) patients were included, with an average rate of 6.64 ± 5.42% of senescent cells in GCNIS. One (3.3%) patient suffered from chondrosarcoma in which 7.9% of GL13+ cells were detected in GCNIS. Four (13.4%) patients suffered from teratoma and three (10%) from yolk sac tumors, while GCNIS senescence was detected in a range of 4.43 ± 1.78% and 3.76 ± 1.37%, respectively. Conclusions: Cellular senescence was detected in both germ cell neoplasia in situ and testicular cancer, but was more prevalent within the premalignant lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ureteral injuries are not very common and can occur after many surgical procedures. Kidney salvage is desirable. Renal autotransplantation is a final option for some cases. In this case, we report an autotransplantation of the kidney after an iatrogenic injury of the ureter with totally extraperitoneal approach. Case report: A 41 years old female underwent left endoscopic ureterolithotomy with holmium laser for ureteral calculi. An iatrogenic ureteral injury, probably ureteral avulsion, occurred. After multiple interventions, she referred to us with a nephrostomy tube. Imaging was performed and left renal autotransplantation was chosen as surgical management. The approach was totally extraperitoneal. No alteration of renal function or of urine outflow was observed during the follow up. Conclusions: The report supports the safety and efficacy of renal autotransplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peyronie's disease (PD) is a common benign condition characterized by superficial fibrosis and scar formation at the tunica albuginea of the penis, eventually leading to penile curvature. It is believed that penile micro-traumas during intercourse and subsequent activation of inflammatory processes constitute the pathogenetic basis of the disease. Routinely, PD is divided into acute and chronic phases, with pain during erection or flaccid state being the hallmark of the former. Surgical intervention should be avoided during the acute phase, as the risk of recurrence or progression of penile deformity during this stage might affect the optimal outcomes of the procedure. During this stage, many conservative treatment options have been suggested, including oral, topical, and intralesional therapies, extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT), and penile traction therapy (PTT). Currently, the optimal treatment consists of a combined treatment strategy with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is), ESWT for pain management, PTT, and intralesional therapies. Large, well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are necessary to further elucidate the most efficient treatment option for acute phase PD., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Douroumis et al.)

Hydrocalyx is the obstruction of a renal calyx resulting from infundibulopelvic stenosis or diminution and can be congenital or acquired. A 37-year-old man with a history of preemptive kidney transplantation in 2007 and transplant rejection underwent another ABO-incompatible transplant. During follow-up four months after transplantation, a transplant biopsy was performed, which revealed acute thrombotic microangiopathy. Seven months after transplantation, the patient was admitted to the hospital because of elevated creatinine levels and dilatation of the upper calyx on ultrasound examination. Upper calyx hydrocalycosis and calyceal neck stenosis were diagnosed. Nephrostomy placement along with an antegrade double-J stent through the upper major calyceal neck was performed. Endoscopic dilatation of the narrowed neck of the upper major calyx 10 days after hydrocalyx decompression was performed without intraoperative or postoperative complications. During follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic, had steady creatinine levels, and showed no signs of obstruction on ultrasound. This case highlights that treatment with balloon dilation of the calyceal neck appears to be an effective solution that respects the renal parenchyma and function., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Douroumis et al.)

Renal artery aneurysms (RAA) with a concomitant renal arteriovenous fistula (RAVF) are rare entities with a reported incidence of less than 1%. An 86-year-old man was admitted to the urology department after an incidental finding of a left RAA on an abdominal ultrasound. A computed tomography angiography (CTA) revealed a saccular aneurysm measuring 54x42mm in the distal part of the left renal artery, along with a huge arteriovenous fistula measuring 45mm. The patient was asymptomatic at admission. Given the radiologic findings, an unsuccessful attempt at transcatheter arterial embolization was conducted. Therefore, a radical nephrectomy was recommended for the patient, which was performed without major intraoperative or postoperative complications. Microscopic examination depicted arteriosclerotic lesions and arterionephrosclerosis with 30% sclerotic glomeruli. The patient at his last visit remained free of symptoms. This case highlights the role of nephrectomy as a feasible option in cases of endovascular treatment failure., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Katsikatsos et al.)