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Marie Viprey,1,2 Frédéric Mougeot,3 Alexandra Lelia Dima,2,4 Julie Haesebaert,2,5 Pauline Occelli,2,5 Isabelle Durieu,2,6 Héloïse Rouzé,2,5 Quitterie Reynaud,2,6 Sandrine Touzet2,7 1Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pôle Santé Publique, Service des Données de Santé, Lyon, France; 2Research on Healthcare Performance RESHAPE, INSERM U1290, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France; 3Centre Max Weber, UMR 5283 - ENSEIS, Villeurbanne, France; 4Health Technology Assessment in Primary Care and Mental Health (PRISMA) Research Group, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; 5Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pôle Santé Publique, Service Recherche et Epidémiologie Cliniques, Lyon, France; 6Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Centre de Référence Adulte de la Mucoviscidose, Pierre Bénite, France; 7Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pôle Santé Publique, Service de Santé au Travail, Lyon, FranceCorrespondence: Marie Viprey, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service des Données de Santé, 162 Avenue Lacassagne, Lyon, 69003, France, Tel +33 4 72 11 51 39, Fax +33 4 72 11 57 20, Email marie.viprey@chu-lyon.frPurpose: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited life-shortening disease involving a significant treatment burden. Few interventions have been proven effective in improving adherence, and of these fewer have been adopted for implementation. Patient participation in research is increasingly desired in developing relevant health care services. A participatory approach was implemented in an adult CF center to co-design an adherence-enhancing intervention toolkit. We aimed to report on the participatory process and the results regarding the co-designed intervention.Patients and Methods: Two focus group sessions and four working sessions were conducted at 4-week intervals with three healthcare professionals (HCP; physician, nurse, physiotherapist), eight patients, and two researchers (sociologist, public health pharmacist). The two initial focus group sessions were dedicated to the collection of narratives about CF treatment experiences to identify drivers of adherence. The next four working sessions were dedicated to the reflection on solutions that could alleviate the difficulties identified and be used in current clinical practice. The researchers observed during all sessions the interactions between participants, group dynamics, and process of implementation of the collective reflection.Results: The process facilitated an active participation of patients and HCP, who contributed equally to the intervention development. The co-design adherence-enhancing intervention toolkit consisted in a self-questionnaire to be completed by patients before the medical consultation and used as a communication support during the consultation, plus a toolkit of solutions to be proposed by the HCP for each barrier identified by patients, and to be followed up during the next consultation.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that a participatory approach involving CF patients and HCP lead to the development of an adherence-enhancing intervention toolkit, using a 6-session format; the benefits of the co-designed intervention on the medication adherence have yet to be tested in a multicenter, open-label study in 3 centers in France.Keywords: cystic fibrosis, chronic treatment, medication adherence, patient engagement, participatory research

By the end of last century the distribution range of Microtus arvalis in NW Spain greatly expanded and outbreaks began to be reported in recently-colonised agricultural habitats. Ever since, novel impacts to regional farming, biodiversity conservation and public health have recurrently been associated to vole outbreaks. Here we present the first attempt to reconstruct recent changes of common vole dynamics and distribution in the NW of the Iberian Peninsula. We compile published information for the last 50 years and describe a new methodological approach based on semi-quantitative data obtained from complementary sources. Our results show how, from late-1970s, the entire lowland plains of Castilla y León region were rapidly (< 20 years) filled in by expanding populations. Analyses of outbreaks also suggest a 5-year cyclic pattern from late-1970s onwards, contrasting with the typical 3-year cycle described in most populations of this species. Our results contribute to improve the current knowledge of rodent dynamics in Europe and may serve as a baseline to local pest management programmes.

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.08.012 Byline: S.M. Redpath, F. Mougeot, F.M. Leckie, S.A. Evans Abstract: There are costs and benefits to individuals of having high levels of circulating testosterone, and the costs can be particularly apparent outside the breeding season. Unlike many birds, red grouse have high testosterone levels in autumn and in this study we explored the consequences of variation in autumn testosterone levels, in terms of survival and breeding success. We caught 123 male grouse in September, from six sites in Scotland and England, U.K. Grouse were given either testosterone or control implants, then fitted with radiotransmitters and released. Control males tended to survive better, but the difference was not statistically significant. During the first 3 months, cause of mortality varied with treatment, with birds of prey killing only testosterone-implanted birds. In spring, females paired with testosterone-implanted males had larger combs (sexual ornaments) than those with controls, suggesting that they might have been better-quality individuals. Testosterone-implanted birds were more likely to be paired and to be bigamous, and each bird alive in spring produced on average 2.5 more offspring than control birds. The benefits of investing in elevated levels of testosterone are clearly high for those males that survive the winter. However, these benefits are reduced by overwinter mortality and the reproductive success of all males alive at the start of the experiment did not vary statistically with treatment. We discuss the longer-term consequences of high testosterone levels, which are likely to be very different to short-term ones. Author Affiliation: (a) Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Banchory, U.K. (a ) IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCLM) Ciudad Real, Spain Article History: Received 5 January 2005; Revised 8 March 2005; Accepted 2 August 2005 Article Note: (miscellaneous) MS. number: 8415R

Ecologically-based pest management using biological control has been successfully tested elsewhere, but it has never been evaluated for cyclic vole plagues in Europe. We report the first large-scale replicated experiment to study the usefulness of artificially increasing populations of Common kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) and Barn owls (Tyto alba) to control common vole populations in agricultural habitats where nesting sites for raptors are scarce. The first preliminary results suggest: 1) population density of both predator species may be increasing in response to both nest-site availability and rodent density; 2) voles are a major prey; and 3) vole density during an increase phase of the population cycle may be reduced near nest-boxes.

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