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The long-known Devonian of the Jebel Ardouz west of Marrakesh, and just north of Mzoudia, is composed of an allochthonous stack of clastic and carbonate rocks that were thrusted onto each other from the northeast. New biostratigraphic data prove an age range of sedimentation from the lower Eifelian to ?upper Famennian. The lowest, western thrust unit is composed of reddish sandstones and conglomerates/breccias (new Ardouz Formation) deposited originally by rockfall and debris flows on the slope of a repeatedly active fault scarp. Limestone clasts yielded sandstones of unknown age, Eifelian, Givetian and lower/middle Frasnian conodonts, and encrusted reef corals. Re-sedimentation may have occurred in the upper Frasnian or post-dated the Famennian. The ���red conglomerates��� record a block that was strongly tilted by Eovariscan extensional tectonics, forming on the uplifted side a small island. Exhumation, erosion down into Eifelian carbonates, and a long phase of reworking (pebble formation, hematite impregnation and encrusting) occurred in an arid, lateritic, terrestrial-fluvial to coastal high-energy setting. The overlying middle unit consists of a lower Eifelian to middle Givetian, shallowing upwards carbonate ramp (new Mzoudia Formation, with the new Koudiat Ferjane and Koudiat K��bir Members). Middle Givetian regression resulted in the growth of a biostrome with patch reefs. The middle thrust unit experienced no Eovariscan reworking but upper Givetian uplift resulted in an episode of non-deposition. Following poorly known non-reefal Frasnian strata (still un-named Upper Member), the upper thrust unit on the eastern side of Jebel Ardouz (new Oued el Biad Formation) consists of shallow-water, open marine sandstones/quartzites with brachiopod coquinas, which originally transgressed unconformably the carbonate platform. Shedding of sand from a W/NW source (Imfout Ridge) balanced subsidence. The Jebel Ardouz Devonian differs considerably from the Devonian of the High Atlas Basement (to the south), the Safi region (to the west), and allochthonous eastern Jebilet (in the east). A similar association of carbonate platform blocks truncated by conglomerates or brachiopod-rich quartzites is developed in the Mechra Ben Abbou succession of the rather distant northern Rehamna. But comparable, poorly studied Devonian blocks have been mentioned from the geographically intermediate Skhirat region of the Jebilet., Frontiers in Science and Engineering, Vol 10, No 2 (2021)

Lower Ordovician brachiopod macrofaunas in Belgium (Avalonia) are seldom collected and studied due to the poor preservation of material. Here we describe a new fauna of linguliformean brachiopods from the Chevlipont Formation (lower Tremadocian) in the Brabant Massif. The fauna is of low diversity (at least three species belonging to Rosobolus?, Thysanotos, and Broeggeria have been identified) and is dominated by B. cf. salteri (Holl). Low diversity linguliformean brachiopod assemblages in a peri-Gondwanan terrane are characteristic of the lowermost Ordovician. Such assemblages are rooted in the Cambrian indicating that their geographic distribution during the early Ordovician was controlled by the radiation and dispersion of lineages surviving through the latest Cambrian–earliest Tremadocian linguliformean brachiopods taxonomic crisis. In addition we figure for the first time and comment on contemporaneous brachiopod faunas from the Stavelot-Venn Massif in SE Belgium. Finally, we present new graptolite data that enable a more precise constraint on the age for the Solwaster Member of the Jalhay Formation in the Stavelot-Venn Massif., RIVISTA ITALIANA DI PALEONTOLOGIA E STRATIGRAFIA , V. 127 N. 2 (2021)

Genus Ospreyella L��ter & W��rheide (in L��ter et al. 2003) Type species. Ospreyella depressa L��ter (in L��ter et al. 2003), 2003 by original designation. Emended diagnosis. See Simon & Hoffmann (2013, p. 412)., Published as part of Simon, Eric, Hiller, Norton, Logan, Alan, Theuerkauff, Dimitri & Mottequin, Bernard, 2019, Recent thecideide brachiopods from a submarine cave in the Department of Mayotte (France), northern Mozambique Channel, pp. 201-239 in Zootaxa 4613 (2) on page 214, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4613.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3238856, {"references":["Luter, C., Worheide, G. & Reitner, J. (2003) A new thecideid genus and species (Brachiopoda, Recent) from submarine caves of Osprey Reef (Queensland Plateau, Coral Sea, Australia). Journal of Natural History, 37, 1423 - 1432. http: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930110120971","Simon, E. & Hoffmann, J. (2013) Discovery of Recent thecideide brachiopods (Order: Thecideida, Family: Thecideidae) in Sulawesi, Indonesian Archipelago, with implications for reproduction and shell size in the genus Ospreyella. Zootaxa, 3694 (5), 401 - 433. http: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3694.5.1"]}

Genus Thecidellina Thomson, 1915 Type species. Thecidium barretti Davidson, 1864 by original designation., Published as part of Simon, Eric, Hiller, Norton, Logan, Alan, Theuerkauff, Dimitri & Mottequin, Bernard, 2019, Recent thecideide brachiopods from a submarine cave in the Department of Mayotte (France), northern Mozambique Channel, pp. 201-239 in Zootaxa 4613 (2) on page 205, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4613.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3238856, {"references":["Thomson, J. A. (1915) A new genus and species of Thecidiinae. Geological Magazine, New Series, Decade VI, 2, 461 - 464. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800203531","Davidson, T. (1864) On the recent and Tertiary species of the genus Thecidium. Geological Magazine, 1, 12 - 22. http: // doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0016756800469803"]}

Genus Minutella Hoffmann & L��ter, 2010 Type species. Minutella tristani Hoffmann & L��ter, 2010, by original designation., Published as part of Simon, Eric, Hiller, Norton, Logan, Alan, Theuerkauff, Dimitri & Mottequin, Bernard, 2019, Recent thecideide brachiopods from a submarine cave in the Department of Mayotte (France), northern Mozambique Channel, pp. 201-239 in Zootaxa 4613 (2) on page 211, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4613.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3238856, {"references":["Hoffmann, J. & Luter, C. (2010) Shell development in thecidellinine brachiopods with description of a new Recent genus. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 84, 137 - 160."]}

Comparison with Thecidellina europa Logan et al., 2015 In this species, the ventral valve floor has a wider median area between gonad pits that is ornamented with smaller tubercles. The dorsal median septum is thicker, the marsupial orifices are smaller and differently shaped. Canopying spicules are thicker at their base near the valve floor and fuse together producing finely granulate canopies with irregular ventral surfaces covering two-thirds of the brachial cavities (Logan et al. 2015, fig. 1L)., Published as part of Simon, Eric, L��ter, Carsten, Logan, Alan & Mottequin, Bernard, 2018, Recent thecideide brachiopods (Thecideida, Thecideoidea) from northern Sulawesi (Indonesia) with discovery of a new Thecidellina species (Thecidellinidae), pp. 481-515 in Zootaxa 4526 (4) on page 494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4526.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2611832, {"references":["Logan, A., Hoffmann, J. & Luter, C. (2015) Checklist of Recent thecideoid brachiopods from the Indian Ocean and Red Sea, with a description of a new species of Thecidellina from Europa Island and a re-description of T. blochmanni Dall from Christmas Island. Zootaxa, 4013 (2), 225 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4013.2.4"]}

Comparison with Thecidellina congregata Cooper, 1954 1954 Thecidellina congregata: Cooper, pp. 316���317; pl. 80, figs. 8���13. 1983 Thecidellina congregata: Grant, pp. 82���83; figs. 6���8. 2008 Thecidellina congregata: Logan, pp. 411���412, figs. 6.10���6.17. 2007 Thecidellina maxilla: Bitner, fig. 3F. 2015 Thecidellina maxilla: Bitner, fig. 5A���E. The adult shell is larger. Brachial cavities have peculiar single canopying spicules that are very massive in the anterior part of the canopies and much thinner in their posterior part (Cooper 1954, pl. 80, figs. 10���13; Logan, 2008, figs. 6���17). In the smaller shell of T. mawaliana sp. nov. the canopies are made of very thin, fragile spicules all fused together., Published as part of Simon, Eric, L��ter, Carsten, Logan, Alan & Mottequin, Bernard, 2018, Recent thecideide brachiopods (Thecideida, Thecideoidea) from northern Sulawesi (Indonesia) with discovery of a new Thecidellina species (Thecidellinidae), pp. 481-515 in Zootaxa 4526 (4) on page 494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4526.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2611832, {"references":["Cooper, G. A. (1954) Recent brachiopods in Bikini and nearby atolls, Marshall Islands. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 260 G, 315 - 318. https: // doi. org / 10.3133 / pp 260 g","Logan, A. (2008) Holocene thecideide brachiopods from the north-western Pacific Ocean: systematics, life habits and ontogeny. Systematics and Biodiversity, 6 (3), 405 - 413. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / s 1477200008002739"]}

Comparison with Thecidellina maxilla (Hedley, 1899) 1899 Thecidea maxilla: Hedley, pp. 508���510, fig. 57. 1920 Thecidellina maxilla: Dall, p. 283. 1927 Thecidellina maxilla: Thomson, p. 140. 1954 Thecidellina maxilla: Cooper, pp. 317���318, pl. 81, figs. 1���10. 1985 Thecidellina maxilla: Zezina, p. 208. non 1987 Thecidellina maxilla: D���Hondt, p. 41, pl. 4, figs. 1���5. ? 1997 Thecidellina maxilla: Laurin, pp. 453���454, fig. 40A���B. pp 2007 Thecidellina maxilla: Bitner, p. 498, fig. 3A���E, 3G���H, non fig. 3F. non 2009 Thecidellina maxilla: Bitner, pp. 17���18, fig. 12A���J. pp 2014 Thecidellina maxilla: Bitner, p. 259, fig. 11F���I (non fig. 11D���E). non 2015 Thecidellina maxilla: Bitner, p. 42, fig. 5A���E. T. maxilla is a large species with horse-shoe shaped dorsal valve with a peripheral ridge smooth to finely granulate. T. mawaliana sp. nov. is a rather small species drop-like shaped with a peripheral ridge ornamented with strong tubercles. In T. maxilla the brachial bridge is relatively narrower (Hedley 1899, fig. 57) and the median septum is long, with lateral flanges developed along the inner sides of the brachial cavities (Hedley 1899, fig. 57, p. 509; Cooper 1954, pl. 81, fig. 10). The brachial cavities are more elongate. The single massive spicules of the intrabrachial ridge which are not completely covering the brachial cavities are rather regular in shape and size. In T. mawaliana sp. nov. the brachial bridge is wider and the median septum is devoid of lateral flanges. The brachial cavities are oval. The spicules of the brachial cavities, forming complete canopies are thin, irregular in shape and fused together. The ventral valve floor in T. maxilla is not roughly tuberculate (nearly smooth), the planodeltidium is larger and quite concave dorsally (Cooper 1954, pl. 81, figs. 5���6). The hemispondylium in T. maxilla is not attached to the valve floor. Remarks. Non T. maxilla in D���Hondt (1987). In this paper, this species is cited without description but the illustrated specimens are very distinct from the type of T. maxilla. Their median septum is extremely wide and the spicules, differently shaped, form complete canopies on the brachial cavities. This is possibly a new species and this material must be restudied to give accurate taxonomical data. ? T. maxilla in Laurin (1997). This identification remains unclear as no detailed description is provided and the illustrations in this paper are not informative. This material must be revisited to have accurate data for determination. Non T. maxilla in Bitner (2007, p. 498, fig. 3F). This specimen is probably a representative of T. congregata Cooper, 1954. Canopying spicules are different from the type of T. maxilla, being single and very massive in the anterior part of the brachial cavities and being extremely small and pointed in the posterior part. In T. maxilla, spicules have a much more regular shape. The right and left sides of the septum have no typical ���curled flanges with serrate edges��� as in T. maxilla (Hedley 1899, fig. 57; Cooper 1954, pl. 81, fig. 10). Non T. maxilla in Bitner (2009, pp. 17���18; fig. 12A���J). These specimens display a peripheral ridge with strong tubercles and a median septum without lateral flanges. In T. maxilla the peripheral ridge is nearly smooth or finely granulated. The space between the brachial bridge and intrabrachial ridge is larger than in T. maxilla. The ventral valve is not emarginate as in the type specimen and has a rough valve floor whereas it is nearly smooth in T. maxilla. The cardinal process and socket ridges are much stronger than in the type population of T. maxilla. These specimens could be representatives of another species derived from the same group as T. maxilla but it needs genetic confirmation. Non T. maxilla in Bitner (2014, p. 259, fig. 11D���E). These ventral valves have a floor with extremely thick tubercles whereas this surface in the T. maxilla is smooth or finely granulate. The gonad pits are situated more posteriorly and they are much smaller than in T. maxilla or in T. mawaliana sp. nov. Moreover, it has a narrow median groove devoid of tubercles (not a ridge), a character not seen in T. maxilla. They are also not similar to T. mawaliana sp. nov.: in the new species, the valve floor displays much smaller tubercles, the hemispondylium is attached to the bottom of the valve floor for only a short part of its length and the gonad pits are larger. Non T. maxilla in Bitner (2015, fig. 5A���E). Canopying spicules are different from the type of T. maxilla, being single and very massive in the anterior part of the brachial cavities and being extremely small and pointed in the posterior part. The typical ���curled flanges with serrate edges��� of the median septum are missing. These specimens are representatives of T. congregata (see hereunder)., Published as part of Simon, Eric, L��ter, Carsten, Logan, Alan & Mottequin, Bernard, 2018, Recent thecideide brachiopods (Thecideida, Thecideoidea) from northern Sulawesi (Indonesia) with discovery of a new Thecidellina species (Thecidellinidae), pp. 481-515 in Zootaxa 4526 (4) on pages 492-493, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4526.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2611832, {"references":["Hedley, C. (1899) The Mollusca of Funafuti. Part II. Pelecypoda and Brachiopoda. Memoirs of the Australian Museum, 3, 491 - 510. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1967.3.1899.504","Cooper, G. A. (1954) Recent brachiopods in Bikini and nearby atolls, Marshall Islands. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 260 G, 315 - 318. https: // doi. org / 10.3133 / pp 260 g","Laurin, B. (1997) Brachiopodes recoltes dans les eaux de la Nouvelle-Caledonie et des iles Loyaute, Matthew et Chesterfield. In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, volume 18. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, 176, 411 - 471.","Bitner, M. A. (2007) Recent brachiopods from the Austral Islands, French Polynesia, South-Central Pacific. Zoosystema, 29 (3), 419 - 461.","Bitner, M. A. (2009) Recent Brachiopoda from the Norfolk Ridge, New Caledonia, with description of four new species. Zootaxa, 2235, 1 - 39.","Bitner, M. A. (2014) Living brachiopods from French Polynesia, Central Pacific, with descriptions of two new species. Pacific Science, 68 (2), 245 - 265. https: // doi. org / 10.2984 / 68.2.6","Bitner, M. A. (2015) Checklist of recent brachiopod species collected during the Terrasses and Exbodi cruises in the New Caledonian region, SW Pacific. ZooKeys, 537, 33 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 537.6567"]}

Comparison with Thecidellina insolita Hoffmann et al., 2009 In T. insolita the cardinal process has a wider median spur than in T. mawaliana sp. nov. The calcitic pole is not connected to the valve floor in T. insolita whereas it is strongly fused with the valve floor in T. mawaliana sp. nov. In T. insolita the brachial cavities have single massive canopying spicules and marsupial notches are larger and more quadrangular., Published as part of Simon, Eric, L��ter, Carsten, Logan, Alan & Mottequin, Bernard, 2018, Recent thecideide brachiopods (Thecideida, Thecideoidea) from northern Sulawesi (Indonesia) with discovery of a new Thecidellina species (Thecidellinidae), pp. 481-515 in Zootaxa 4526 (4) on page 494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4526.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2611832

Ospreyella mutiara Simon & Hoffmann, 2013 Text-Fig. 2; Pl. 7, Figs. 3a���d, 4a���f 2013 Ospreyella mutiara: Simon & Hoffmann, pp. 412���424, text-fig. 4, pl. 3, figs. 1���8, pl. 4., figs. 1���10, pl. 5, figs. 1���5, pl. 6, figs. 1���8, pl. 7, figs. 1���6. 2016 Ospreyella mutiara: Simon et al., p. 5. Material. Available specimens were collected in the shipwreck from sieved sediment or attached on oyster shells and preserved in ethanol for a future DNA study. This species is quite scarce at this station and the state of preservation is not excellent. The dried material is represented by ten individuals: eight articulated shells, one dorsal valve and two ventral valves. Material preserved in ethanol represents six specimens supposed to be alive when collected and are reserved for future DNA analyses. Description. The material collected in Lembeh corresponds completely to the diagnosis and detailed description given for this species in 2013 by Simon & Hoffmann (pp. 412���415). The material from the Strait of Lembeh is thus similar to the material that was found in Donggala in the Strait of Makassar. The only other known possible Ospreyella species could be O. palauensis Logan, 2008. However, the specific characters of the latter species are not observed in O. mutiara from Lembeh, which has a median depression strongly tuberculate in its anterior part, a narrow ventral surface of the thick median ramus filled with secondary material, thick ramuli as wide as ramus filled with secondary material and frilled, minor interbrachial lobes asymmetrical and subparallel. A complete comparison between O. mutiara and O. palauensis can be found in Simon and Hoffmann (2013, tab. 4, p. 423). Ontogeny and molecular analyses. The developments of the shell and of the lophophore have been described, discussed and illustrated in detail by Simon & Hoffmann (2013, pp. 427���428, pl. 6, figs. 1���8, pl. 7, figs. 1���6). In the same paper (p. 428, text-fig. 4) results of a molecular analyze of 18S rDNA has been published for O. mutiara that confirmed the Indo-Pacific distribution for the genus and the validity of the specific status of this species., Published as part of Simon, Eric, L��ter, Carsten, Logan, Alan & Mottequin, Bernard, 2018, Recent thecideide brachiopods (Thecideida, Thecideoidea) from northern Sulawesi (Indonesia) with discovery of a new Thecidellina species (Thecidellinidae), pp. 481-515 in Zootaxa 4526 (4) on page 496, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4526.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2611832, {"references":["Simon E. & Hoffmann, J. (2013) Discovery of Recent thecideide brachiopods (Order: Thecideida, Family: Thecideidae) in Sulawesi, Indonesian Archipelago, with implications for reproduction and shell size in the genus Ospreyella. Zootaxa, 3694 (5), 401 - 433. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3694.5.1","Logan, A. (2008) Holocene thecideide brachiopods from the north-western Pacific Ocean: systematics, life habits and ontogeny. Systematics and Biodiversity, 6 (3), 405 - 413. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / s 1477200008002739"]}

Thecidellina mawaliana sp. nov. Table 1; Text-Figs. 2���4; Pls. 1���6 Holotype: RBINS���BT.9 (Pl. 1, Fig. 2a���g, Pl. 5, Fig. 4): articulated adult specimen. Paratypes: RBINS���BT.10 (Pl. 1, Fig. 1a���f): articulated adult specimen. RBINS���BT.11 (Pl. 3, Fig. 1a���n): adult dorsal valve with complete development of the canopies on brachial cavities. RBINS���BT.12 (Pl. 2, Fig. 1a���g): small articulated specimen with brachial cavities still without canopying spicules and with a planodeltidium curving to right side. RBINS���BT.13 (Pl. 2, Fig. 2a���g, Pl. 4, Fig. 2a���c): juvenile articulated specimen. RBINS��� BT.14 (Pl. 2, Fig. 3): small articulated specimen with its planodeltidium curving to the left side. RBINS���BT.15 (Pl. 3, Fig. 2a���f): adult ventral valve with teeth and intact hemispondylium. RBINS���BT.16 (Pl. 4, Fig. 1a���d): a very early juvenile dorsal valve. RBINS���BT.17 (Pl. 4, Fig. 3a���f): juvenile dorsal valve with a peribrachial ridge beginning its development and with appearing posterior outgrowths from the brachial bridge. RBINS���BT.18 (Pl. 4, Fig. 4a���c): juvenile dorsal valve with tubercles beginning the building of the brachial cavities. RBINS���BT.19 (Pl. 5, Fig. 1a���g): dorsal valve with developed median septum, first appearance of calcitic pole and continuing the development of brachial cavities. RBINS���BT.20 (Pl. 5, Fig. 2a���e): dorsal valve with brachial bridge and peribrachial ridge connected. RBINS���BT.21 (Pl. 5, Fig. 3): adult dorsal valve with brachial cavities with incomplete canopies. RBINS���BT.22 (Pl. 5, Fig. 6), RBINS���BT.23 (Pl. 5, Fig. 7), RBINS���BT.24 (Pl. 5, Fig. 5a���b), and RBINS���BT.25 (Pl. 5, Fig. 8a���b): several adult dorsal valves illustrating the variation of the canopies covering the brachial cavities. RBINS���BT.26 (Pl. 6, Fig. 1), RBINS���BT.27 (Pl. 6, Fig. 2), RBINS���BT.28 (Pl. 6, Fig. 3), RBINS���BT.29 (Pl. 6, Fig. 4), RBINS���BT.30 (Pl. 6, Fig. 5), and RBINS���BT.31 (Pl. 6, Fig. 7): several dorsal valves illustrating the structure and development of the lophophore. Aspects of internal ventral parts of the animal. ZMB���Bra 2472 (Pl. 6, Fig. 6): ventral valve of a female specimen, preserved in ethanol, observed under binocular and showing the gonad with spherical female gametes. Etymology. The species name is derived from ���Mawali��� the name of the shipwreck where it has been found for the first time. Type locality. The ���Mawali��� shipwreck (1��26���46.74���N / 125��13���32.16���E), Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Additional material. The material studied is composed of two types of samples. The first type is dried material collected either from sieved sediment or from specimens scraped off the walls of the hold or living specimens attached on oyster shells. The second type consists of oyster shells with living specimens directly placed in ethanol by the collector. The dried material represents 285 specimens whereas the material preserved in ethanol consists of 206 specimens (both juveniles and adults). Note that many specimens in this latter sample were already dead but still attached to their support and that truly living specimens when collected were less abundant. Diagnosis. Small-sized Thecidellina species. Elongated drop-like ventral valve with striated, triangular, flat planodeltidium. Hemispondylium arising from posterior part of the valve, connected to the ventral valve floor for only a short part of its length, with long and slender prongs acutely pointed reaching the level of the cyrtomatodont teeth. Ventral valve floor without median ridge, very coarsely tuberculate except in the deep ovate gonad pits, which have a smooth surface. Dorsal valve lid-like. Brachial bridge and intrabrachial ridge firmly connected by wide posterior outgrowths. Calcitic pole, thick, attached to dorsal valve floor and connected with anterior expansions to the posterior parts of the brachial bridge in fully adult specimens. Median septum high, thin, with acute tip, ventrally convex, tuberculate-spinous on ventral surface. Brachial cavities or brood pouches covered with thin, fragile irregular canopying spicules that become fused together through ontogeny but leaving always a lot of randomly disposed small cavities at maturity. Mendiagnosia. Thecidellina spesies berukuran kecil. Memanjang katup ventral tetes berbentuk dengan lurik, segitiga planodeltidium. Hemispondylium timbul dari bagian posterior katup, tak lama terhubung ke lantai katup ventral, berbentuk garpu dengan dua pisau panjang dan ramping mencapai tingkat gigi cyrtomatodont. Lantai katup ventral, tanpa ridge, sangat kasar tuberculate kecuali gonads lubang-lubang dengan permukaan halus. Katup dorsal seperti penutup kaleng. Jembatan brakialis dan punggung peribrachial tegas tersambung dengan posterior persimpangan piring-piring. Calcitic pole, tebal, bergabung ke lantai katup ventral. Dalam spesimen sepenuhnya dewasa, bagian depan dari calcitic pole juga dihubungkan oleh ekspansinya ke bagian posterior jembatan brakialis. Median septum tinggi, dengan ujung akut, ventally cembung, dengan tuberkel kecil di permukaan ventral. Brakialis parit-parit (atau merenung kantong) ditutupi dengan tipis dan rapuh spikulae sekering bersama-sama melalui ontogeni untuk berbentuk satu cakupan tetapi selalu meninggalkan rongga-rongga kecil dengan bentukbentuk sangat variabel. Description. External shell characters. Relatively small-sized, whitish thecideide (Table 1), with endopunctate shell, slightly longer than wide in adult stage but often as long as wide in juvenile stages of growth (Pl. 1, Figs. 1a, 2a; Pl. 2, Figs. 1a, 2a). The external surface of the shell is marked by many growth lines with variable thickness. The shell is strongly ventri-biconvex, with the maximum thickness situated at mid-length or slightly backward of this for the ventral valve. The maximum thickness for the dorsal valve corresponds to the position of the protegulum (Pl. 1, Figs. 1c, 2d). The lateral commissure is variable being dorsally concave (Pl. 2, Fig. 2c), rectimarginate (Pl. 2, Fig. 1d) or slightly sinusoidal (Pl. 1, Figs. 1c, 2d). The anterior commissure is rectimarginate (Pl. 1, Fig. 2f). The deep ventral valve has an ellipsoid to hemispherical outline in lateral profile (Pl. 1, Figs. 1e, 2d) and a very faint sulcus is sometimes developed in the middle of the anterior part of the valve (Pl. 1, Fig. 2e���f). The ventral valve is cemented to the substrate by its posterior part and often by a large portion of its ventral side (Pl. 1, Fig. 2e). The adult shell is often lifted from the substrate anteriorly (Pl. 1, Fig. 1e), its anterior part tending to be always more elevated than its posterior part. Such a development of the ventral valve is common in thecideide brachiopods as already illustrated by Pajaud (1970, p. 219, fig. 130A). The interarea is a planodeltidium (Logan & Baker 2013) with an isosceles triangular outline, and a flat (Pl. 1, Fig. 2d) or slightly concave (Pl. 1, Fig. 1d���e) surface. The interarea represents 22���31% of the length of the shell (Table 1). Due to variable habitat conditions the planodeltidium can be curved to the left or the right sides (Pl. 2, Figs. 1a, 3). The surface of the interarea is striated with parallel growth lines. The hinge line is straight without a notch. The interarea and the triangular posterior part of the dorsal valve form a sharp angle at the level of the hinge line (Pl. 1, Figs. 1a���b, 2a���b) but the value of this angle is highly variable (Pl. 1, Fig. 2d; Pl. 2, Fig. 1c). The dorsal valve, much smaller than the ventral valve, has a lid-shaped outline, subcircular to elongate oval and it is sometimes slightly emarginate (if a faint sulcus is developed on the anterior part of the ventral valve). The weak convexity of this valve culminates posteriorly with the protegulum. The surface of the dorsal valve is smooth except for the development of irregular growth lines. The protegulum is circular, always very distinct and its external surface is covered with numerous pustules (Pl. 1, Figs. 1c, 2c; Pl. 2, Fig. 2f). The posterior part of the dorsal valve is obtusely triangular with a flat striated surface. Most of the morphological characters increase regularly and proportionally during growth as indicated by the linear relations observed between width, length, length of dorsal valve and width of the hinge (Text-Fig. 3). However, the thickness of the shell follows a sigmoid development. This is due to the fact that juveniles are extremely flat and the thickness is increasing very slowly at the beginning of growth. When the shell length reaches 2 mm, the thickness suddenly increases very rapidly. This type of growth is commonly observed in the development of Thecidellina species (Text-Fig. 3). Internal shell characters. The ventral valve has an internal subcircular or sometimes subcordiform outline (Pl. 3, Fig. 2a). A ventrally concave, narrow, smooth peripheral rim is developed along the commissure (Pl. 3, Fig. 2a, 2c���d). Along the internal side of this rim, a row of regular tubercles is developed (Pl. 3, Fig. 2a���c). The ventral valve floor, without a differentiated median ridge, is strongly tuberculate (with tubercles of regular size) except inside the two very deep oval pits where the gonads are situated (Pl. 3, Fig. 2a, 2c, 2g). The gonad pits are relatively large in this species, their length being frequently up to 40% of internal valve length (Pl. 3, Fig. 2a). The endopunctation is clearly visible between the tubercles of the valve floor. The hemispondylium is made of two parallel, narrow plates with long pointed curved prongs attached to the posterior part of the valve and also to the valve floor for a very short distance (Pl. 3, Fig. 2e). The delthyrial cavity extends under the planodeltidium and has a wide dorsal ridge forming, in anterior view, the form of a letter ���M��� (Pl. 3, Fig. 2e). Large, oval kidney-shaped lateral adductor muscle scars are developed on either side of the hemispondylium and teeth (Pl. 3, Fig. 2f). The cyrtomatodont, robust and short teeth are covered with secondary shell material and are obtusely pointed (Pl. 3, Fig. 2a, 2d���e). The dorsal valve is slightly convex, subcircular with a cordiform anterior outline. A flat, relatively smooth flange is externally visible along the commissure. The external side of the peripheral ridge is ornamented with thick tubercles and its crest shows regular tubercles till its junction with the brachial bridge (Pl. 3, Fig. 1h). A clearly defined peripheral rim is not present. In lateral profile the internal structures are raised towards the posterior part (Pl. 3, Fig. 1h). The angle formed between the anterior limit of the valve, the posterior part of the peripheral ridge and the top of the brachial bridge has a value of 17.5 degrees (Pl. 3, Fig. 1j). The median septum is straight, wide anteriorly, tapering posteriorly, and very thin in its posterior part. In lateral view the median septum is ventrally convex. The crest of the septum is covered with one row of tubercles decreasing in size from the anterior base to the tip (Pl. 3, Fig. 1g). The intrabrachial ridge is clearly defined and is roughly tuberculate (Pl. 3, Fig. 1h). Marsupial orifices are situated in the posterior part of the intrabrachial ridge, on either side of the septal tip (Pl. 3, Fig. 1a, 1g). These orifices are small sub-circular holes (Pl. 5, Fig. 2a, 2e) confined by an extremely thin and fragile calcitic rim on their ventral side. For this reason, they appear often broken as an open circle (Pl. 3, Fig. 1a���b; Pl. 5, Figs. 5a, 8a���b). The lophophore groove is relatively deep and wide (Pl. 3, Fig. 1a). In the posterior part of the valve, two large lateral visceral gaps are situated between the intrabrachial ridge and the brachial bridge (���vg���, Pl. 3, Fig. 1h). The posterior visceral gap between the brachial bridge and the intrabrachial ridge is relatively narrow (Pl. 3, Fig. 1a). The brachial bridge has a finely denticulated ventral crest (Pl. 3, Fig. 1j���k). The internal side of the brachial bridge exhibits numerous lophophore muscle scars. Clearly defined, posterior wide outgrowths firmly connect the inner side of the brachial bridge and the posterior side of the intrabrachial ridge in adult specimens (���og���, Pl. 3, Fig. 1e). The cardinal process is short, massive, trilobate and dorsally curved (���cpr���, Pl. 3, Fig. 1a, 1j���l; Pl. 5, Figs. 6, 7, 8a). At the posterior part of the cardinal process, the diductor muscle scars have a triangular outline (���did���, Pl. 3, Fig. 1k). Inner socket ridges are thickened and quite strong (Pl. 3, Fig. 1i���j). Outer socket ridges are flat and thin. The sockets are moderately deep. Placed on either side of the base of the inner socket ridges, the lateral adductor muscle scars are widely developed (Pl. 3, Fig. 1j���l). The anterior side of the calcitic pole is narrow and has two wide lateral expansions (���Exp���, Pl. 3, Fig. 1f). These expansions are fused with the brachial bridge at maturity (Pl. 5, Figs. 6, 7, 8a���b). Seen from behind, the calcitic pole is thick, fused with the dorsal valve floor at the anterior part of the low but long and posteriorly pointed spur of the cardinal process (Pl. 3, Fig. 1k���l). The brachial cavities (brood pouches in female specimens) are deep and covered with spiculate canopies on their half anterior part. Canopying spicules are thin, irregular in shape and interconnected, producing a quite strong cover protecting the embryos. Several small holes occur in the canopy structure (Pl. 3, Fig. 1a). These holes are variable in number and size. The posterior parts of brachial cavities remain uncovered. Canopy spicules have a fine granulated structure ornamenting their ventral side (Pl. 3, Fig. 1a���b). This granulation, observed with high SEM magnification, consists of pointed subpyramidal prisms with acute tips (Pl. 3, Fig. 1c���d). The canopies are built with spicules situated on the external margins of the brachial cavities (Pl. 3, Fig. 1a). However, spicules situated on the internal margins can also participate in the erection of canopies (Pl. 5, Figs. 3, 5a, 7). This latest development of the spicules could be related to the growth stage and appearing only in fully mature specimens. Shell ontogeny. At its youngest stage of growth, the ventral valve presents all the characteristics of its adult morphology: the flat triangular planodeltidium, the hinge structure, the rough internal valve floor and the bifid hemispondylium. In the contrast, the dorsal valve undergoes a great transformation giving rise to numerous morphological characters of generic and specific value. The youngest dorsal valve stage of growth found in our material (Pl. 4, Fig. 1a���d) shows strong socket ridges and a developed, bilobed, cardinal process. A clear peripheral rim is visible in the posterolateral parts of the valve and the peribrachial ridge is delimited by a dozen small dispersed tubercles. The brachial bridge is already completely developed. Two separate spikes are erected in the centre of the valve floor: they are flat laterally but their tips are pointed and oriented backwards. The adductor muscle scars are also clearly visible (Pl. 4, Fig. 1d). The next stage of growth (Pl. 4, Fig. 2a���c) shows a cardinal process with a smooth median spur. The lateral lobes of the cardinal process are covered with secondary fibers. All the muscle scars are situated on a triangular platform at the posterior end of the cardinal process. Note also that the structure of the hemispondylium is completely developed (Pl. 4, Fig. 2a���b). It is made of two separate long, pointed claws which for only a short part of their length are attached to the ventral valve floor. The peribrachial ridge is more developed with an increasing number of tubercles. The two spikes in the center of the dorsal valve floor are now connected with the emergent septum which is still rather short. The intrabrachial ridge begins its development by the appearance of lateral extension(s) growing from the base of the original spikes to the lateral parts of the shell floor (Pl. 4, Figs. 2a, 2c, 3b). The development of these posterior parts of the intrabrachial ridge is better illustrated in Pl. 4, Fig. 3a���c where symmetrical progressive outgrowths are visible. The central spikes become longer increasing in length posteriorly. The median septum is slightly higher and more developed. At this stage of development two small prominent outgrowths produced just at the base of the inner side of the brachial bridge first appear; they increase in length anteriorly (Pl. 4, Fig. 3a, 3e). These outgrowths later connect the brachial bridge and the intrabrachial ridge together. In Thecidellina mawaliana sp. nov. they appear very early in ontogeny when compared with other species of Thecidellina. Nevertheless, in some cases (for unknown reasons) the development of these outgrowths could be variable during ontogeny appearing later in development, as seen in one illustrated specimen (Pl. 5, Fig. 1a), or they remain very small. In this case, the two spikes at the beginning of ontogeny that are now at the tip of the posterior part of the median septum, continue to grow posteriorly to the peribrachial ridge and become thickened (Pl. 5, Fig. 1e). Finally, they join the small outgrowths from the brachial bridge connecting it to the peribrachial ridge (pl. 5, Fig. 3). The intrabrachial ridge is under construction with the emergence of small tubercles that are quite discrete at the beginning (Pl. 4, Fig. 3a���d) but which increase in thickness and height progressively (Pl. 4, Fig. 4a���c). No calcitic pole is developed at this stage of growth. Afterwards the median septum increases in length and joins the anterior part of the peribrachial ridge where it becomes clearly wider (Pl. 5, Fig. 1a���b, 1e). At this stage, this median septum remains relatively thin but its height reaches its maximum development at its posterior end where it is fused with the intrabrachial ridge (Pl. 5, Fig. 1c). A thin, lamellar calcitic pole is produced at this stage of growth. It develops in length more in its posterior part than in its anterior part (Pl. 5, Fig. 1f���g). The tubercles which initiated the construction of the peribrachial ridge are now fused together building the brachial cavities. Canopying spicules emerge progressively. This process begins in the posterior portion of the peribrachial ridge (Pl. 5, Fig. 1b���c, 1e), continues through its lateral parts (Pl. 5, Fig. 4) and is finally achieved in its anterior part (Pl. 5, Figs. 5a, 6���7, 8a). The next step is the interconnection between the base of the brachial bridge and the posterior side of the peribrachial ridge. This interconnection is completed generally by the development of the posterior prominent outgrowths (Pl. 5, Fig. 2a, 2e). These outgrowths are also connected now with the anterior lateral expansions of the calcitic pole (Pl. 5, Fig. 2e). From these interconnections between brachial bridge and intrabrachial ridge appear three visceral gaps: two elongated lateral gaps and one posterior visceral gap. All these c, Published as part of Simon, Eric, L��ter, Carsten, Logan, Alan & Mottequin, Bernard, 2018, Recent thecideide brachiopods (Thecideida, Thecideoidea) from northern Sulawesi (Indonesia) with discovery of a new Thecidellina species (Thecidellinidae), pp. 481-515 in Zootaxa 4526 (4) on pages 485-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4526.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2611832, {"references":["Pajaud, D. (1970) Monographie des Thecidees. Memoires de la Societe geologique de France, Nouvelle Serie, 49 (112), 1 - 349.","Logan, A. & Baker, P. (2013) The development and shell microstructure of the pseudodeltidium and interarea in thecideide brachiopods. Palaeontology, 56, 433 - 455. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / pala. 12001"]}

SUBPHYLUM RHYNCHONELLIFORMEA WILLIAMS ET AL., 1996 CLASS RHYNCHONELLATA WILLIAMS ET AL., 1996, Published as part of Simon, Eric, L��ter, Carsten, Logan, Alan & Mottequin, Bernard, 2018, Recent thecideide brachiopods (Thecideida, Thecideoidea) from northern Sulawesi (Indonesia) with discovery of a new Thecidellina species (Thecidellinidae), pp. 481-515 in Zootaxa 4526 (4) on page 485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4526.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2611832

Genus Minutella Hoffmann & L��ter, 2010 Type species. Minutella tristani Hoffmann & L��ter, 2010., Published as part of Simon, Eric, L��ter, Carsten, Logan, Alan & Mottequin, Bernard, 2018, Recent thecideide brachiopods (Thecideida, Thecideoidea) from northern Sulawesi (Indonesia) with discovery of a new Thecidellina species (Thecidellinidae), pp. 481-515 in Zootaxa 4526 (4) on page 495, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4526.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2611832, {"references":["Hoffmann, J. & Luter, C. (2010) Shell development in thecidellinine brachiopods with description of a new Recent genus. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 84, 137 - 160."]}

Genus Ospreyella L��ter & W��rheide in L��ter et al., 2003 Type species. Ospreyella depressa L��ter in L��ter et al., 2003., Published as part of Simon, Eric, L��ter, Carsten, Logan, Alan & Mottequin, Bernard, 2018, Recent thecideide brachiopods (Thecideida, Thecideoidea) from northern Sulawesi (Indonesia) with discovery of a new Thecidellina species (Thecidellinidae), pp. 481-515 in Zootaxa 4526 (4) on page 496, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4526.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2611832, {"references":["Luter, C., Worheide, G. & Reitner, J. (2003) A new thecideid genus and species (Brachiopoda, Recent) from submarine caves of Osprey Reef (Queensland Plateau, Coral Sea, Australia). Journal of Natural History, 37, 1423 - 1432. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930110120971"]}

Comparison with Thecidellina blochmanni Dall, 1920 1920 Thecidellina blochmanni: Dall, p. 283. 1939 Thecidellina blochmanni: Helmcke, pp. 216���233, fig. 231. 1965 Thecidellina blochmanni: Elliott, fig. 742.3a���b. 1973 Thecidellina blochmanni: Cooper, p. 8, pl. 8, figs. 27���30. 1985 Thecidellina blochmanni: Zezina, p. 208. ? 1987 Thecidellina blochmanni: D���Hondt, p. 41. 2003 Thecidellina blochmanni: Lee & Robinson, p. 354. pp 2013 Thecidellina blochmanni: Logan & Bitner, fig. 4F, non fig. 4A���E, 4G���L. 2015 Thecidellina blochmanni: Logan et al., pp. 229���232, fig. 3A���O. This species from Christmas Island (Australia, Indian Ocean) has a wider median septum in dorsal valve with stronger imprints of lophophore scars on its lateral sides than T. mawaliana sp. nov. In T. blochmanni, the brachial cavities are deeper and covered with very strong, thick angular spicules which were described ���massive bouffantlike calcitic aggregations��� by Logan et al. (2015, p. 230). The thin, irregular, fused spicules of T. mawaliana sp. nov. are quite different. Remarks. ? T. blochmanni in D���Hondt (1987): the species is just cited without description and without illustration. This material must be revisited., Published as part of Simon, Eric, L��ter, Carsten, Logan, Alan & Mottequin, Bernard, 2018, Recent thecideide brachiopods (Thecideida, Thecideoidea) from northern Sulawesi (Indonesia) with discovery of a new Thecidellina species (Thecidellinidae), pp. 481-515 in Zootaxa 4526 (4) on pages 493-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4526.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2611832, {"references":["Dall, W. H. (1920) Annotated list of the Recent Brachiopoda in the collection of the United States National Museum, with description of thirty-three new forms. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 57 (2314), 261 - 377. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.57 - 2314.261","Logan, A., Hoffmann, J. & Luter, C. (2015) Checklist of Recent thecideoid brachiopods from the Indian Ocean and Red Sea, with a description of a new species of Thecidellina from Europa Island and a re-description of T. blochmanni Dall from Christmas Island. Zootaxa, 4013 (2), 225 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4013.2.4"]}