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Lentelių sąrašas -- Paveikslų sąrašas -- Įvadas -- Socialinių paslaugų senyvo amžiaus žmonėms sektoriaus situacija -- Ilgalaikės globos senyvo amžiaus žmonėms politinis kontekstas Europos Sąjungoje -- Socialinių paslaugų senyvo amžiaus žmonėms situacija Lietuvoje -- Psichologiniai ir socialiniai su organizacijos funkcionavimu ir pasirengimu pokyčiams susiję veiksniai -- Organizacijos efektyvumas ir pasirengimas keistis: sampratos ir modeliai -- Organizacijos kultūra ir pokyčiai -- Psichosocialiniai veiksniai, susiję su organizacijos funkcionavimu -- Veiklos tyrimo dalyvaujant metodologijos taikymo organizacijų tyrimuose savitumas -- Veiklos tyrimo dalyvaujant samprata -- Socialinių paslaugų senyvo amžiaus žmonėms organizacijų pasirengimo keistis Lietuvoje Veiklos tyrimo dalyvaujant etapai, metodai, imtis ir etika -- Socialines paslaugas senyvo amžiaus žmonėms teikiančių organizacijų pokyčius lemiančių psichosocialinių veiksnių analizė -- Organizacijos misija, tikslai ir vertybės -- Pokyčiai ir plėtra organizacijoje -- Pasitenkinimo darbu veiksnių analizė -- Organizacijų kultūra ir vadovavimas -- Psichosocialiniai požiūrį į organizacijos plėtrą prognozuojantys veiksniai -- Išvados ir pasiūlymai -- Santrauka -- Summary -- Šaltiniai -- Apie autorius. Monografijoje, remiantis įgyvendinto tyrimo patirtimi, išryškinamas veiklos tyrimo dalyvaujant (toliau – VTD) įgyvendinimo socialinių paslaugų organizacijose savitumas, metodologiniai privalumai ir apribojimai kitų socialinių mokslų tyrimų kontekste. Monografijoje VTD analizuojamas kaip metodologinė prieiga, kuri įtraukia dalyvius ir tyrėjus į bendradarbiaujantį žinių kūrimo procesą ir veda prie naujų reikšmių konstravimo reflektuojant veiklas. VTD taikymo laukas yra gan platus – jis taikomas bendruomenėse, įvairiose verslo, švietimo, sveikatos ir medicinos, socialinio darbo organizacijose, siekiant padidinti žmonių įsitraukimą, įgalinimą, tobulinant bendruomenes ir organizacijas. Aktualizuojant VTD metodologijos taikymo organizacijų tyrimuose savitumą, aptariama VTD samprata, metodologijos inovatyvumas, įgalinantis organizacijas keistis pobūdis, metodologiniai niuansai, subtilybės bei kritika. Monografijoje apžvelgiami VTD modeliai, procesas, stadijos. Remiantis įgyvendinto VTD socialinių paslaugų įstaigose patirtimi, pristatoma tyrimo logika, jo etapai, išryškinant judėjimo nuo veiksmo prie refleksijos būtinybę, tyrimo dalyvių įgalinimo prisiimti atsakomybę už pokyčius organizacijose bei bendradarbiaujančių ir pasitikėjimu grįstų santykių kūrimą tarp tyrėjų ir tyrimo dalyvių. Monografijoje pristatytas tyrimas aktualizuoja psichosocialinį organizacijų funkcionavimą ir pasirengimą pokyčiams, tyrimo rezultatai ir įžvalgos sudaro prielaidas tolesniam organizacijų efektyvumui gerinti. Monografija pristato VTD atvejį, kai buvo tiriamos socialines paslaugas senyvo amžiaus žmonėms teikiančios įstaigos. [...] The aim of the study presented in the monograph is to reveal peculiarities, methodological strengths and limitations of participatory action research (PAR) in social service organizations. PAR is analysed as a methodological approach which involves scholars and research participants into a process of reflection, knowledge production and construction of new meanings. PAR application area is quite broad – this strategy is applied in communities, business, education, health and welfare organizations in order to increase involvement of citizens as well as their empowerment in communities and organizations. While highlighting originality and singularity of PAR in organizations, authors of the study discuss notions, definitions and distinctive features of PAR. The scholars distinguish novelty, empowering nature, methodological nuances and criticism toward PAR. The monograph presents models, the process, and stages of PAR. Based on PAR implementation in social service organizations, a need for movement from action to reflection and empowerment of research participants to take the responsibility of the changes in organizations is emphasized. The research sheds a light on psychosocial functioning of organizations as well as their readiness for change. Results and insights drawn by the research create preconditions to increase efficiency and effectiveness of organizations. The investigation presented in the monograph was implemented in social service organizations which provide services for the elderly. Lithuanian population is aging, therefore agencies which provide elderly care should be able to respond to changes in the market and satisfy clients` needs. This is relevant for profit organizations and business enterprises which become more active in the social service sector offering their activities for older people. This study presents the situation of older people in European Union and Lithuania. An overview of theoretical resources is carried out by revealing factors of organizational effectiveness and readiness for changes, concepts and typologies of organizational cultures, elements which are related to psychosocial functioning of organizations: job satisfaction, management, conflicts and their solutions, teamwork and stress at work. Recognition which embraces processes on micro, mezzo and macro levels is another concept that is discussed and analysed in the study. The research presented in the monograph included several stages. In the first stage of the research, a qualitative interpretative study was carried out by interviewing representatives of focus group. The researchers disclosed practical experiences, ideas, achievements, challenges and concerns, questions and tensions that arose in the organizations. 4 institutions participated in the research in this stage – 2 public organizations of home care and 2 private organizations of institutional long-term care. [...]

Straipsnyje analizuojami tyrimo dalyvaujant metodologijos praktiniai ir teoriniai aspektai. Pirmojoje straipsnio dalyje aptariami veiklos tyrimo ir tyrimo dalyvaujant metodologiniai skirtumai, jų pagrindinės charakteristikos ir gerosios patirties pavyzdžiai iš pasaulinės socialinių mokslų praktikos. Analizuojant Lietuvos patirtį, aptariama Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto mokslininkų įgyta patirtis atliekant tyrimą dalyvaujant paslaugas seniems žmonėms teikiančiose institucijose. Mokslinis tyrimas finansuotas Europos socialinio fondo lėšomis, įgyvendinant projektą „Psichosocialinių veiksnių ir komercializavimo svarba efektyviam paslaugas teikiančių organizacijų funkcionavimui ir vystymuisi“ Nr. VP1-3.1-ŠMM-08-K-01-016. The aim of publication is to discuss the nature of participatory action research (PAR) in different types of elderly care organizations – private and public sectors. Participatory action research in organization is considered as interpretative qualitative research method for empowering and emancipation of managers and employees, promoting reflection and critical consciousness. The research is aimed to initiate changes of different directions in organizations fostering humanization approach in private organizations and commercial approach in public organizations. Public elderly care sector in Lithuania is characterized by critical shortage of services. As consequence, not publicly funded and profit-oriented private providers of elderly care emerged in the sector. In the context of enhancement of neoliberal social policy these two types of organizations face challenges to meet needs of users. Private organizations are fostered to promote values based on critical humanistic theory. Public organizations are fostered to introduce neoliberal concept of empowerment. Methodology of PAR is designed implementing several stages of research in private and public elderly care organizations to meet current challenges. The first stage of research project involved explorative focus groups in four organizations (two private and two public) seeking to reveal needs for change in elderly care organizations and to create scenarios for implementation of these changes. The second stage implies practical realization of scenarios in organizations what will be led by reflections and critical group discussions with managers and employees. The last stage concludes the process of research by providing methodological guidance for promoting changes in organizations of different sectors and produce knowledge on development of practice in elderly care. The paper presents results of explorative focus groups analysis that enabled researchers and research participants to build scenarios for promoting change.

The aim of this article is to present and discuss a developed conceptual model of empowering social service in the context of social welfare policy. During the research the qualitative and quantitative research methodologies were combined. The data presented in the paper reveals and summarizes social service providers’ and recipients’ assessments of their experiences in participation in the social service system. Social service recipients and providers express some of the principles of expectations, such as the importance of state funding and the regulatory role, minimum assurance of the social service needs (social democratic ideology), assignment of responsibility to the family and community, subsidiarity (the conservative ideology), all of this complementing and enhancing on the basis of non-discrimination and equal opportunities (feminist ideology).

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos galios ir įgalinimo sampratos bei jų raiška socialinių paslaugų ir socialinio darbo profesiniame kontekste. Įgalinimas aptariamas keliais aspektais – kaip galių santykiai, įgalinimo lygmenys, įgalinimo šaltiniai, įgalinimas kaip profesionalus darbas, stipriųjų pusių perspektyva. Taip pat pateikiama įgalinimo kritika bei pabrėžiama, kad tai, kas vieną žmogų įgalina, kitą gali nugalinti. Pristatomas empirinis tyrimas, kuriuo siekta išsiaiškinti, kaip įgalinimo perspektyvos požiūriu patiriamas ir teikiamas socialines patirtis vertina paslaugų gavėjai ir paslaugų teikėjai. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidžia, kaip paslaugų gavėjai ir teikėjai vertina dalyvavimą ir lūkesčius dalyvauti formuojant paslaugų strategiją, pa(si)renkant paslaugas bei paslaugų teikėją, vertinant paslaugų kokybę ir kt. This paper presents the theoretical aspects of the concept of empowerment and presents the empirical results, implying the expression of empowerment at different levels in the context of social services in Lithuania. Empowerment is discussed in several aspects – power relations, empowerment levels, sources of empowerment, empowerment as a professional social work, the strengths perspective, and empowerment criticism. Empirical research was conducted to uncover how social experiences are evaluated from the point of view by different social actors: users and service providers. The empowerment issue relates to the interpretation of power. Power is considered to be the defining element and main construct of the society. Understanding the phenomena of power and empowerment respectively can only be possible by detecting their reflections in macro, mezzo and micro levels. According Foucault, it is important to understand not only how the power occurs, but how the resistance to it is possible. The challenge of resistance to power, according to Foucault, lies in the individual level. So, an individual has ability to not only obey and demonstrate self-disciplined, but also a man is able to liberate his own self. Resistance is possible in the context of everyday life, after understanding and identifying the hindering powers of social environment, and stopping the reproduction of power relations imposed by authorities and institutions. Power dwells in human relations and subjectivity... [to full text]

Straipsnyje atskleidžiamas tarpsektorinio bendradarbiavimo modelio kūrimo prielaidos, galimybės ir kliūtys dirbant su socialinės rizikos šeimomis pirminės sveikatos priežiūros (PSP) sistemoje. Tarpsektorinio bendradarbiavimo patirties ir potencialo vertinimas bandomosiose PSP įstaigose vyko taikant veiklos tyrimo prieigą. Duomenys rinkti focus grupių metodu: kiekvienai profesinei grupei surinktos atskiros grupės. Siekiant sukurti tarpsektorinio bendradarbiavimo modelį, parengta mokymo programa skirtingų sektorių specialistams: šeimos gydytojams, bendrosios praktikos slaugytojoms ir socialiniams darbuotojams. Remiantis focus grupių rezultatais, gautais pasibaigus mokymams, pateikiamos tarpsektorinio bendradarbiavimo modelio įgyvendinimo rekomendacijos specialistams, dirbantiems PSP su socialinės rizikos šeimomis. The article reveals the assumptions of the intersectoral collaboration model, opportunities and obstacles while working with families at social risk in the primary health care system. An experience and assessment of intersectoral collaboration model in the pilot health care agencies was accomplished carrying out participatory action research. The data were collected in three focus groups, organizing separate groups for each professional group separately. In order to create an intersectoral collaboration model a training programme was conducted for professionals from different sectors: family doctors, nurses and social workers. 30 professionals were involved in training programme. During the trainings, participants gained new knowledge and skills how to work with families at social risk in the intersectoral team. They also formed a positive attitude according to the social risk families and became more aware of the different sectors activities and functions, which can support to solve complex cases. The results from focus groups and gained experience from the trainings helped to distinguish the basic principles of the intersectoral collaboration model. However, not all participants from the training group tried to implement model in the practice. It was influenced by participants` internal and agencies` external factors. For the majority of the training participants two days of trainings were not enough, in case to acquire sufficient knowledge how to work with complex cases in... [to full text]

Mokslo studijoje pristatomi Mokytojų kompetencijos centro, Švietimo ir mokslo ministerijos užsakyto bei Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto tyrėjų atlikto tyrimo rezultatai. Remiantis į vaiką orientuoto ugdymo bei bendruomenių vadybos teorinėmis koncepcijomis, esminiais politiniais dokumentais ir įvertinus surinktus empirinius duomenis, pateikiama ikimokyklinio ir priešmokyklinio ugdymo vadybos kokybės Lietuvoje būklės analizė ir projektuojamas ikimokyklinio ir prieššmokyklinio ugdymo pokyčių kryptingumas., This study presents the research results carried out by the researchers of Vytautas Magnus University. The research was commisioned by the Centre of Teachers Competencies and the Ministry of Education and Science. This scientific study is founded on the child-centered education theory, community management and development theories, as well as on main legal documents on education. Following this, the analysis of the management quality of pre-school and pre-primary education is presented, and the directions of the changes witihin this system are established, both of which are founded on the empirical data of the research.

Straipsnyje pristatoma projekto „įgalinimo strategijomis grindžiamo socialinių paslaugų modelio kūrimas Lietuvoje" (projekto sutarties Nr. MIP-02V2011) kokybinio tyrimo vieno interviu analizė. Įgyvendinant tyrimo projektą buvo atlikti kokybinis ir kiekybinis tyrimai. Projektą įgyvendina Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto Socialinių mokslų fakulteto Socialinio darbo katedra. Tyrimo projektą finansuoja Lietuvos mokslo taryba. Straipsnio tikslas - aprašyti, kaip socialiniame darbe su šeima konceptualizuojamos įgalinančios socialinės paslaugos. The aim of this article is to present how social worker conceptualizes empowering social services in family social work. The interview was done as a part of bigger research project "Socially Inclusive Participatory Action Research of Innovative Social Work Service Strategies" performed in Lithuania, in 2012. Overall aim of this project was to develop innovative strategies for empowering social services. Social services will be inclusive and empowering, when the social organizations and its employees (providers), the recipients, his/her families (if appropriate), guardians or trustees will become actively involved in decision-making, in planning, delivery and evaluation processes. Active participation in the process of providing social services allows users to identify their personal needs and to monitor changes in their personal lives, in other words, to allow for the recipients themselves, as far as circumstances allow, be responsible for their own lives. Empowering social services in family social work are conceptualized within the clients' autonomy and the ability to act independently in the social and cultural environment. Social worker associates empowering social services to the individual needs of the client. According to the paradigm of empowerment, efficiency and high-quality of social services are identified if the client is participating in the service provision process. In general, it can be said that this approach of empowering social services are still at theoretical level in family social work. The reason which was actualized by social worker is customers' demotivation to participate in social service provision / receiving process. Empowering social services can be provided by professional social worker who is able to think critically, sees and is able to reflect learned practice and have value-oriented approach of his/her work.

Mokslo studijoje pristatomi Mokytojų kompetencijos centro, Švietimo ir mokslo ministerijos užsakyto bei Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto tyrėjų atlikto tyrimo rezultatai. Remiantis į vaiką orientuoto ugdymo bei bendruomenių vadybos teorinėmis koncepcijomis, esminiais politiniais dokumentais ir įvertinus surinktus empirinius duomenis, pateikiama ikimokyklinio ir priešmokyklinio ugdymo vadybos kokybės Lietuvoje būklės analizė ir projektuojamas ikimokyklinio ir prieššmokyklinio ugdymo pokyčių kryptingumas. This study presents the research results carried out by the researchers of Vytautas Magnus University. The research was commisioned by the Centre of Teachers Competencies and the Ministry of Education and Science. This scientific study is founded on the child-centered education theory, community management and development theories, as well as on main legal documents on education. Following this, the analysis of the management quality of pre-school and pre-primary education is presented, and the directions of the changes witihin this system are established, both of which are founded on the empirical data of the research.

The aim of this article is to present how social worker conceptualizes empowering social services in family social work. The interview was done as a part of bigger research project “Socially Inclusive Participatory Action Research of Innovative Social Work Service Strategies” performed in Lithuania, in 2012. Overall aim of this project was to develop innovative strategies for empowering social services. Social services will be inclusive and empowering, when the social organizations and its employees (providers), the recipients, his/her families (if appropriate), guardians or trustees will become actively involved in decision-making, in planning, delivery and evaluation processes. Active participation in the process of providing social services allows users to identify their personal needs and to monitor changes in their personal lives, in other words, to allow for the recipients themselves, as far as circumstances allow, be responsible for their own lives. Empowering social services in family social work are conceptualized within the clients’ autonomy and the ability to act independently in the social and cultural environment. Social worker associates empowering social services to the individual needs of the client. According to the paradigm of empowerment, efficiency and high-quality of social services are identified if the client is participating in the service provision process. In general, it can be said that this approach of empowering social services are still at... [to full text]

Socialinių paslaugų ekonomizavimas ir išaugęs socialinių paslaugų gavėjų skaičius lemia pasirinktą tyrimo kryptį ir probleminį klausimą. Tyrimo metu autorius siekia išsiaiškinti, kaip socialinių paslaugų sistemos dalyviai reflektuoja socialinių paslaugų teikimą ir gavimą. Tyrimo objektas – socialinių paslaugų sistemos dalyvių, socialinių darbuotojų ir rizikos šeimų, kritiškai reflektuota ir suvokta paslaugų teikimo-gavimo patirtis. Tyrimo tikslas – atskleisti socialinių paslaugų sistemos dalyvių, socialinių darbuotojų ir klientų, kritiškai reflektuotą ir suvoktą paslaugų gavimo-teikimo patirtį. Tyrimo uždaviniai: atskleisti, kaip socialinių paslaugų dalyviai suvokia klientų įtraukimą į socialinių paslaugų sistemą ir socialinio darbo paslaugų pobūdį; apibrėžti socialinių paslaugų plėtros gaires socialinių darbuotojų ir rizikos šeimų požiūriu. Dalyvaujantis veiklos tyrimas buvo atliktas siekiant išsiaiškinti klientų ir socialinių darbuotojų kritiškai reflektuotą ir suvoktą patirtį. Tyrimo metodologija yra grindžiama interpretatyviąja-konstruktyvistine ontologija ir subjektyvistine epistemologija. Tyrime dalyvavo 5 socialiniai darbuotojai ir 5 socialinės rizikos šeimos. Tyrimo duomenų analizei pasirinkta kokybinio tyrimo atvejo analizės metodas, konceptualių kategorijų konstravimas ir temos analizės naudojimas. Duomenų analizė atskleidė, kad socialiniai darbuotojai ir rizikos šeimos nurodo skirtingus kliento įtraukimo į socialinių paslaugų sistemą motyvus. Rizikos šeimos akcentavo struktūrinius-aplinkos ir finansinius motyvus. Tuo tarpu socialiniai darbuotojai pabrėžė rizikos šeimų bejėgiškumą ir pasitikėjimo trūkumą klientų aplinkoje. Klientai suvokia socialinių paslaugų teikimą, kai susipažįsta su socialinių darbuotojų funkcijomis. The economization of social services and increasing number of the social services receivers determine the direction of the research and the question of it. Performing this research the authors tried to find out how the participants of social service system reflect the process of social service provision and recipience. The object of the research is critically reflected and perceived experience of the participants of social service system, that is of social workers and families at risk. The aim of the research is to reveal the experience of social services provision and recipience, which is critically reflected and perceived by social workers and clients. The objectives of the research are: to reveal how participants of social services perceive the involvement of client into social service system; to reveal how the participants of the social service system perceive the complexion of social work services; to define the development of social services guidelines from the perspective of social workers and families at risk. A participatory action research has been carried out in order to disclose the clients' and social workers' critically reflected and perceived experience. The background of the research methodology is based on interpretative-constructivist ontology and subjectivist epistemology. Five social workers and five families at risk took part in the research. The data of the research was analyzed according to the case study analysis method, constructing conceptual categories and using theme analysis. Data analysis revealed that social workers and families at risk reflect different reasons for client's involvement into social service system. The families at risk emphasized structural-environmental and financial reasons. However, the social workers emphasized the weaknesses of the families at risk and expressed lack of confidence in the resources of clients' environment. Clients perceive social services provision through understanding the roles and functions of social workers.

Lietuvoje dar nėra atliktas tyrimas, parodantis, kaip socialinių paslaugų sistemos dalyviai kritiškai reflektuoja teikiamas ir gaunamas paslaugas. Todėl straipsnyje siekiama atskleisti, kaip socialinis darbuotojas, aktyviai sąveikaudamas su klientu, turi skatinti jo sąmoningumą ir gebėjimą pamatyti save kitokį, suvokiant, kad problema neatsiranda jame, o kad tai yra socialinės aplinkos veiksnių sukeliamų padarinių rezultato išraiška. The economization of social services and increasing number of the social services receivers determine the direction of the research and the question of it. Performing this research the authors tried to find out how the participants of social service system reflect the process of social service provision and recipience. The object of the research is critically reflected and perceived experience of the participants of social service system, that is of social workers and families at risk. The aim of the research is to reveal the experience of social services provision and recipience, which is critically reflected and perceived by social workers and clients. The objectives of the research are: 1) to reveal how participants of social services perceive the involvement of client into social service system; 2) to reveal how the participants of the social service system perceive the complexion of social work services; 3) to define the development of social services guidelines from the perspective of social workers and families at risk. A participatory action research has been carried out in order to disclose the clients’ and social workers’ critically reflected and perceived experience. The background of the research methodology is based on interpretative-constructivist ontology and subjectivist epistemology. Five social workers and five families at risk took part in the research. The data of the research was analyzed according to the case study analysis method, constructing... [to full text]