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In this paper, the FPGA implementation of the generalized parallel two-box (GPTB) model is proposed. The blocks such as multipliers, complex magnitude calculator, and magnitude powers calculator have been utilized to implement the GPTB model. In the implementation of the proposed model, a total of 30 complex multipliers, 56 noncomplex multipliers and 56 adders were used. The GPTB DPD model has been implemented by using System Generator and Vivado software. The FPGA with a part number of xc7vx690t-3 from Xilinx has been employed to implement the model. The simulation results demonstrate the correctness of the implemented model in Vivado. Also, the verification of the GPTB model is accomplished by means of the simulation of the transmitter excited by QAM signals in the ADS software. The measure of an adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) decreased by about 16 dB as a result of the simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creating cyber physical systems (CPSs) based on wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSANs) have great potential to improve the performance of Smart Grids. In addition, IEEE 802.15.4 standard has been widely regarded as an appropriate standard for WSANs, due to some striking and unique features. Due to harsh noisy environments in Smart Grid applications, WSANs require provisioning strict quality of service (QoS). Although analytical models have been studied in the literature, they have not provided a full-fledged model for Smart Grids. In this paper, a new Markov chain model has been proposed that includes MAC-level buffer. By comparison with previous studies, retransmission confines, acknowledgment, packet length variation, saturated traffic and degenerate distribution of packet generation are accounted for. The algorithm has been experimentally implemented and appraised on a platform with self-designed WSAN. The proposed analytical model predicts well our exhaustive experiments. Further, Monte-Carlo simulations validate mathematical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design and implementation of an energy-efficient protocol is one of the main challenges in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In terms of localization, both energy efficiency and accuracy must be addressed to achieve the final goals of localization. In mobile sensor nodes, where battery power is the most hardware resource limitation, accurate localization needs to be extremely energy efficient. In this work, a virtual multiple-input multiple-output (VMIMO) technique is deployed to tackle the problems of getting more energy efficiency and higher accuracy simultaneously.In this case, the optimum selection of the number of transceiver nodes can be obtained with the lowest possible total energy consumption, localization error, and speed of nodes. In addition, VMIMO decreases the power of transmitters, and therefore will lead to the reduction of destructive effects of electromagnetic sensitivity (EMS) on the body. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of wireless technology in industrial networks is becoming more popular because of its flexibility, reduction of cable cost, and deployment time. Providing an accurate model to study the most important parameters of these networks, the timeliness and reliability, is essential in assessing the network metrics and choosing proper protocol settings. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 is a common and established wireless technology, and several analytical models have been proposed to assess its performance; however, most of them are accurate only for a limited network situation, especially data networks that have large packet payloads and are used at high signal to noise ratios, and cannot be applied to study the performance of industrial networks that have short packet lengths and are used in harsh and noisy environments. In this paper, a novel three-dimensional discrete-time Markov chain model has been proposed for the IEEE 802.11-based industrial wireless networks using the distributed coordination function as the medium access control mechanism in the worst-case saturated traffic. It considers both causes of the backoff freezing: busy channel and the successive interframe space waiting time. In this way, it provides a much more accurate estimation of the channel access and error probabilities, resulting in a more accurate network parameter calculation. Also, based on the proposed model, a comprehensive packet delay analysis, including average, jitter, and cumulative distribution function, has been provided for the near 100% reliable industrial scenario and error-prone channel condition, which in comparison with similar pieces of work provides much more accurate results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]