563 results on '"Mosquito net"'
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2. Evaluation of Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) for malaria control in an endemic area in Brazil
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Ana Cristina da Silva Ferreira Lima, Allan Kardec Ribeiro Galardo, Josiane Nogueira Müller, Ana Paula Sales de Andrade Corrêa, Kaio Augusto Nabas Ribeiro, Guilherme Abbad Silveira, Andrea Valladão Hijjar, Luiz Guilherme Soares da Roch Bauzer, and José Bento Pereira Lima
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Mosquito net ,Rondonia ,Malaria control ,Anopheles sp. ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Most cases of malaria in Brazil are concentrated in the Amazon region. One of the vector control alternatives recommended by the WHO is the long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN). This tool is used in the nine federal states of the Brazilian Legal Amazon, where LLINs are essential for reducing vector density and disease transmission as they prevent contact between the mosquito and the individual. The objective of this study was to evaluate the residuality and use of LLIN insecticides in different health regions in a city located in the Brazilian Amazon. Methods A total of 17,027 LLINs were installed in the third, fifth and ninth health regions of the municipality of Porto Velho, Rondonia State, Brazil. The LLINs were of two types: Olyset (permethrin), for around the bed, and Interceptor (alphacypermethrin), for around hammocks. The residuality of 172 LLINs was evaluated using cone bioassays to verify the mortality rate of the mosquito Nyssorhynchus darlingi, over a period of 2 years. Structured questionnaires on the acceptance and use of LLINs were distributed to the participating population (n = 391), covering a total sample of 1147 mosquito nets. The mortality rate was evaluated both in terms of days after LLIN installation and the type of insecticide used. Statistical analyses were based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square and were performed using the SPSS statistical program. Results For the Ny. darlingi mosquito, Interceptor-type LLINs showed residual efficacy, with mortality rates ≥ 80% during the 2-year study period, as determined by the WHO. In contrast, Olyset-type LLINs were associated with a reduction in mortality rates, with 76% and 45% mortality rates in the last two assessments, which occurred during the last 6 months of the study period. Based on the structured questionnaires, the acceptance rate, i.e. percentage of individuals accepting the permanence of the 1147 LLINs sampled, in the three health regions of Porto Velho was 93.8% (of 1076 LLINs). Conclusion The alphacypermethrin-impregnated LLIN was more effective than the LLIN impregnated with permethrin. The results indicate that the correct use of mosquito nets—and consequently the protection of the population—needs to be supported by health promotion actions. These initiatives are considered to be essential for the success of this vector control strategy. New studies that consider the monitoring of the placement of mosquito nets are necessary to provide effective support in the correct use of this methodology. Graphical Abstract
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- 2023
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3. Evaluation of Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) for malaria control in an endemic area in Brazil.
- Author
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da Silva Ferreira Lima, Ana Cristina, Galardo, Allan Kardec Ribeiro, Müller, Josiane Nogueira, de Andrade Corrêa, Ana Paula Sales, Ribeiro, Kaio Augusto Nabas, Silveira, Guilherme Abbad, Hijjar, Andrea Valladão, Soares da Roch Bauzer, Luiz Guilherme, and Lima, José Bento Pereira
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INSECTICIDE-treated mosquito nets , *MALARIA prevention , *MOSQUITO control , *MOSQUITO nets , *DISEASE vectors , *DEATH rate - Abstract
Background: Most cases of malaria in Brazil are concentrated in the Amazon region. One of the vector control alternatives recommended by the WHO is the long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN). This tool is used in the nine federal states of the Brazilian Legal Amazon, where LLINs are essential for reducing vector density and disease transmission as they prevent contact between the mosquito and the individual. The objective of this study was to evaluate the residuality and use of LLIN insecticides in different health regions in a city located in the Brazilian Amazon. Methods: A total of 17,027 LLINs were installed in the third, fifth and ninth health regions of the municipality of Porto Velho, Rondonia State, Brazil. The LLINs were of two types: Olyset (permethrin), for around the bed, and Interceptor (alphacypermethrin), for around hammocks. The residuality of 172 LLINs was evaluated using cone bioassays to verify the mortality rate of the mosquito Nyssorhynchus darlingi, over a period of 2 years. Structured questionnaires on the acceptance and use of LLINs were distributed to the participating population (n = 391), covering a total sample of 1147 mosquito nets. The mortality rate was evaluated both in terms of days after LLIN installation and the type of insecticide used. Statistical analyses were based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square and were performed using the SPSS statistical program. Results: For the Ny. darlingi mosquito, Interceptor-type LLINs showed residual efficacy, with mortality rates ≥ 80% during the 2-year study period, as determined by the WHO. In contrast, Olyset-type LLINs were associated with a reduction in mortality rates, with 76% and 45% mortality rates in the last two assessments, which occurred during the last 6 months of the study period. Based on the structured questionnaires, the acceptance rate, i.e. percentage of individuals accepting the permanence of the 1147 LLINs sampled, in the three health regions of Porto Velho was 93.8% (of 1076 LLINs). Conclusion: The alphacypermethrin-impregnated LLIN was more effective than the LLIN impregnated with permethrin. The results indicate that the correct use of mosquito nets—and consequently the protection of the population—needs to be supported by health promotion actions. These initiatives are considered to be essential for the success of this vector control strategy. New studies that consider the monitoring of the placement of mosquito nets are necessary to provide effective support in the correct use of this methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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4. Mesures préventives et nouveaux outils de lutte contre le paludisme.
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Guillaume Zango, Wendé-Waoga, Faucher, Jean-François, and Desmoulière, Alexis
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Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
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5. Determinants of the persistence of malaria in Rwanda
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Guillaume Rudasingwa and Sung-Il Cho
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Malaria ,Mosquito net ,Season ,Altitude ,Residence ,Wealth category ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Malaria has a considerable impact on the health of the populations of developing countries; indeed, the entire population of Rwanda is at risk of contracting the disease. Although various interventions to control malaria have been implemented in Rwanda, the incidence of malaria has increased since 2012. There is an interest in understanding factors driving its persistence in Rwanda. This study aims at evaluating the effect of socio-economic and environmental factors, seasonality and the use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) on malaria persistence in Rwanda. Methods This study analysed data from the 2014–2015 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey of 11,202 household’s members composed of children under the age of 5 and women aged between 15 and 49. Bivariate analysis was performed between the outcome and each covariate including wealth, altitude, education level, place of residence, and use of ITNs generating percentages. Chi square test was performed to compare malaria negatives and positives on each covariate. Significant variables were subjected to logistic regression analysis to evaluate factors that are significantly associated with malaria at P
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- 2020
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6. ‘To be honest, women do everything’: understanding roles of men and women in net care and repair in Southern Tanzania
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Angel Dillip, Zawadi Mageni Mboma, George Greer, and Lena M. Lorenz
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Gender roles ,Men ,Women ,Mosquito net ,Net care ,Net repair ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background In Tanzania, the roles of men and women are classified based on the local cultural context. While men are usually the breadwinners, women are traditionally responsible for most domestic chores. Particularly for malaria prevention, studies in Africa have revealed women as being responsible for daily up-keep of the net. Using social role theory, this study explored the role of men and women in net care and repair and gender-related motivation and barriers to net care and repair in Tanzania. Methods The study was conducted in the two villages of Ruangwa district in Lindi Region. The study applied qualitative approaches and carried out in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with men, women, women with children under the age of five, and village key informants. Results Mosquito nets were valued by all participants as a protection measure against mosquitoes. Study findings indicate that net care and repair falls under a woman’s daily household responsibilities. While men were said to assist in stitching damaged nets, washing dirty bed nets was regarded inappropriate for men and not traditionally accepted. Motivation for net care and repair was reported to come from both men and women; for a woman keeping the net clean defined a caring and responsible woman, while men indirectly promoted net washing when complaining about nets being dirty. Women reported that men could do everything that women do regarding net care and repair, but that it does not fit into societal norms. Conclusion With increased globalization in Tanzania, more women are becoming part of the workforce, which may limit their full commitment to net care and repair activities, leading to increased net damage, malaria incidences and higher costs for malaria treatment. The National Malaria Control Programme should consider incorporating research-informed gender-transformative messages into their behaviour change communication on mosquito nets and work closely with trusted Community Health Workers to inform communities about the importance of sharing responsibilities in net care and repair. It is acknowledged that changing people’s behaviour and practices is a long process, which will require a deep cultural and political shift.
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- 2018
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7. ‘For the poor, sleep is leisure’: understanding perceptions, barriers and motivators to mosquito net care and repair in southern Tanzania
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Zawadi M. Mboma, Angel Dillip, Karen Kramer, Hannah Koenker, George Greer, and Lena M. Lorenz
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Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) ,Mosquito net ,Net care ,Net repair ,Malaria Tanzania ,Health Belief Model ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background The rate of physical deterioration of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) varies by household practices, net brand and environment. One way to sustain the protection provided by LLINs against malaria is through day-to-day care, and repairing holes as and when they occur. To ensure LLIN coverage is high between mass campaigns and, as international donor funds decrease, personal responsibility to maintain nets in good condition is becoming more important. This study aimed to understand local barriers and motivators to net care and repair in southern Tanzania in a community that receives free LLINs through a school-based distribution mechanism. Methods Qualitative research methods were applied in a rural and peri-urban village in Ruangwa district. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted for five groups of 8–12 participants; (1) key informants, (2) young men (18–24 years old), (3) women (> 18 years) with children under the age of five, (4) older men (> 25 years), and (5) older women with or without children (> 25 years). In each village, five men, five women with or without children, and five women with children under the age of five were recruited for in-depth interviews (IDIs). After each IDI and FGD with women with young children, participants were guided through a participatory activity. The study also counted the number and size of holes in nets currently used by IDI participants to determine their physical degradation status. Results A general willingness to care and repair mosquito nets was observed in Ruangwa district for the love of a good night’s sleep free of mosquito bites or noises. Net care was preferred over repair, especially among women who were the primary caretakers. The main motivation to look after nets was protection against mosquito bites and malaria. Washing nets occurred as frequently as every other week in some households to ensure cleanliness, which prevented other dirt-related problems such as sneezing and headaches. Barriers to net care included care not being a priority in the day-to-day activities and lack of net retreatment kits. Net repair was reported to be a temporary measure and necessary as soon as a hole was identified. However, during the net assessment and participatory activity, it became clear that people did not actually repair smaller holes. Protection against mosquitoes, malaria and cost saving from replacing nets were identified as motivators for net repair. Barriers to net repair included it not being a priority to repair holes that could be tucked under the mattress and lack of knowledge on when to repair nets. Conclusion In Ruangwa, net care was defined as overall net maintenance, such as cleanliness, and not directly associated with the prevention of damage as reported in other studies. Net repair was reported as a temporary measure before the acquisition of a new net, hence not a priority in a busy household. Inconsistencies were observed between reported intentions to repair mosquito nets and current net condition. Targeted education through health facilities and community change agents are potential means to overcome barriers to net care and repair.
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- 2018
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8. Assessing whether universal coverage with insecticide-treated nets has been achieved: is the right indicator being used?
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Hannah Koenker, Fred Arnold, Fatou Ba, Moustapha Cisse, Lamine Diouf, Erin Eckert, Marcy Erskine, Lia Florey, Megan Fotheringham, Lilia Gerberg, Christian Lengeler, Matthew Lynch, Abraham Mnzava, Susann Nasr, Médoune Ndiop, Stephen Poyer, Melanie Renshaw, Estifanos Shargie, Cameron Taylor, Julie Thwing, Suzanne Van Hulle, Yazoumé Ye, Josh Yukich, and Albert Kilian
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ITN ,Access ,Universal coverage ,Bed net coverage ,Mosquito net ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background/methods Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are the primary tool for malaria vector control in sub-Saharan Africa, and have been responsible for an estimated two-thirds of the reduction in the global burden of malaria in recent years. While the ultimate goal is high levels of ITN use to confer protection against infected mosquitoes, it is widely accepted that ITN use must be understood in the context of ITN availability. However, despite nearly a decade of universal coverage campaigns, no country has achieved a measured level of 80% of households owning 1 ITN for 2 people in a national survey. Eighty-six public datasets from 33 countries in sub-Saharan Africa (2005–2017) were used to explore the causes of failure to achieve universal coverage at the household level, understand the relationships between the various ITN indicators, and further define their respective programmatic utility. Results The proportion of households owning 1 ITN for 2 people did not exceed 60% at the national level in any survey, except in Uganda’s 2014 Malaria Indicator Survey (MIS). At 80% population ITN access, the expected proportion of households with 1 ITN for 2 people is only 60% (p = 0.003 R 2 = 0.92), because individuals in households with some but not enough ITNs are captured as having access, but the household does not qualify as having 1 ITN for 2 people. Among households with 7–9 people, mean population ITN access was 41.0% (95% CI 36.5–45.6), whereas only 6.2% (95% CI 4.0–8.3) of these same households owned at least 1 ITN for 2 people. On average, 60% of the individual protection measured by the population access indicator is obscured when focus is put on the household “universal coverage” indicator. The practice of limiting households to a maximum number of ITNs in mass campaigns severely restricts the ability of large households to obtain enough ITNs for their entire family. Conclusions The two household-level indicators—one representing minimal coverage, the other only ‘universal’ coverage—provide an incomplete and potentially misleading picture of personal protection and the success of an ITN distribution programme. Under current ITN distribution strategies, the global malaria community cannot expect countries to reach 80% of households owning 1 ITN for 2 people at a national level. When programmes assess the success of ITN distribution activities, population access to ITNs should be considered as the better indicator of “universal coverage,” because it is based on people as the unit of analysis.
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- 2018
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9. Practices and knowledge regarding dengue infection among the rural community of Haryana
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Ramesh Verma, Kapil Bhalla, Mukesh Dhankar, Raj Kumar, Rohit Dhaka, and Ginni Agrawal
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Aedes ,dengue ,fever ,health education ,mosquito net ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: The dengue infection has become a major global public health problem and 40% of the world's population living in an area at risk for dengue and causing nearly 400 million infections every year. There is no specific treatment for dengue, but if there is proper case management then case fatality rates can be below 1%. Aim and Objectives: To study the knowledge and practice about dengue fever in a rural community of Haryana. Methodology: The study recruited 400 adults (15-60 years) and all subjects were selected randomly from survey registers of eight anganwadi centres and data was collected by visiting house to house. Results: The association between demographic variables and knowledge about dengue fever and found out that only caste wise and socio-economic wise were found to be statistically significant rest associations were found to be statistically non-significant. Conclusion and Recommendations: There is a need of hour to make rural people aware of symptoms of DF and different preventive methods through mass media like television, newspapers, internet, social media etc or audio visual aids or through primary care physician
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- 2019
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10. The Use of Mosquito Nets Associated with Malaria Cases in Donggala Regency, Central Sulawesi 2018.
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Syam, Dedi Mahyudin, Sunuh, Herlina S., and Bungawati, Andi
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MOSQUITO nets ,MALARIA ,CHI-squared test ,STATISTICAL sampling - Abstract
Context: Donggala Regency is a malaria endemic area, there are 434 malaria positives in Donggala on 2014, 279 positives on 2015, and 152 positives in 2016. Various prevention efforts have been conducted including the “kelambunisasi” program aimed to provide mosquito nets to the community to prevent transmission of malaria in Donggala Regency area. This study was aimed to analyze the association of the use of Mosquito nets and malaria cases in Donggala Regency. This is an observational analytic study with 94 samples. Sampling method is proportional random sampling. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square test. There were 32 respondents did not use mosquito nets, and among these 32 respondents who did not use mosquito nets, there were 22 respondents (68.8%) who suffered from malaria, and 10 respondents did not suffer from malaria (31.2%). Among respondents using mosquito nets there are 57 respondents (91.9%) did not suffer from malaria, and 5 respondents (8.1%) suffered from malaria (p = 0,000). As conclusion, this study founda relationship between the use of mosquito nets with malaria cases in Donggala Regency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
11. Determinants of the persistence of malaria in Rwanda.
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Rudasingwa, Guillaume and Cho, Sung-Il
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- *
INSECTICIDE-treated mosquito nets , *MALARIA , *CHI-squared test , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *BIVARIATE analysis - Abstract
Background: Malaria has a considerable impact on the health of the populations of developing countries; indeed, the entire population of Rwanda is at risk of contracting the disease. Although various interventions to control malaria have been implemented in Rwanda, the incidence of malaria has increased since 2012. There is an interest in understanding factors driving its persistence in Rwanda. This study aims at evaluating the effect of socio-economic and environmental factors, seasonality and the use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) on malaria persistence in Rwanda. Methods: This study analysed data from the 2014–2015 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey of 11,202 household's members composed of children under the age of 5 and women aged between 15 and 49. Bivariate analysis was performed between the outcome and each covariate including wealth, altitude, education level, place of residence, and use of ITNs generating percentages. Chi square test was performed to compare malaria negatives and positives on each covariate. Significant variables were subjected to logistic regression analysis to evaluate factors that are significantly associated with malaria at P < 0.05. The analysis was performed in R x64 3.6 and QGIS3.6 was used to map geographical distribution of malaria cases. Results: The lowest wealth category was associated with the incidence of malaria [AOR] = 1.54, 95% CI (1.78–2.03). Having a place of residence < 1700 m above sea level (asl) and non-use of ITNs were significantly associated with the incidence of malaria (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.93, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.94–4.42 and [AOR] = 1.29, 95% C.I (1.03–1.60), respectively). Season and type of residence were not significantly associated with malaria prevalence while women had lower risk of contracting malaria than children. Conclusion: Increased malaria prevalence was associated with lower income, non-compliance with bed-net usage and living below 1700 m of altitude. In addition to current malaria control strategies, potential interventions in individuals with lower income and areas at low altitudes should be taken into consideration when formulating malaria-control strategies, Also use of ITNs to control the spread of malaria should be emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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12. Awareness and Practices on Malaria and its Prevention in Two Northern Districts of Karnataka- Understanding the Ground Realities.
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Kulkarni, Praveen, Thomas, Jose Jom, Dowerah, Jenee, M. R., Narayana Murthy, and K., Ravikumar
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MALARIA , *ENDEMIC diseases , *MOSQUITO nets , *INFECTIOUS disease transmission , *AWARENESS - Abstract
Introduction: Malaria is a disease with global public health importance. India is endemic for the disease and accounts for 4% of global deaths due to Malaria. Karnataka contributes 0.89% of cases annually of the country and is in the pre-elimination phase of the disease. The study was conducted in two districts of Karnataka to assess the awareness about malaria and practices on its prevention and treatment among residents of the districts. Materials and Methods: A crosssectional study was conducted in 2 urban and 6 rural randomly selected clusters in Raichur and Bagalkot districts of Karnataka. A total of 480 individuals were assessed for their perception and practices related to malaria prevention by direct interview and observation checklist using a pretested structured interview schedule. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS-22. Results: The present study found that 43.1% of study subject were aware that malaria is transmitted through mosquito bite. 39% of respondents were able to identify at least one symptom of malaria while 44.6% were aware of at least one preventive measure to be taken against transmission of the disease. 60.8% of households surveyed under the study owned at least one mosquito net in their house. The proportion of houses where indoor residual spraying was done was only 3.5%. Conclusion: The overall awareness about malaria and its prevention was notably low in the study region. So, we recommend additional behavioural change communication programmes and other appropriate interventions from the health system to improve them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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13. Mosquito Net Use in an Artisanal East African Fishery
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Emma R. Bush, Rebecca E. Short, E. J. Milner‐Gulland, Kirao Lennox, Melita Samoilys, and Nicholas Hill
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Artisanal fishing ,Kenya ,livelihoods ,malaria ,mosquito net ,overfishing ,General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,QH1-199.5 - Abstract
Abstract Widespread, anecdotal reports of the use of bed nets designed for malaria control (“mosquito nets”) in artisanal fisheries have led to concern from health and natural resource management sectors. However, mosquito net fishing (MNF) may play an important role in the livelihoods of artisanal fishers, an aspect not yet investigated. At a coastal Kenyan site among Giriama fishers, nearly half of homesteads interviewed used mosquito nets as fishing gear, targeting juvenile fish and prawns for subsistence and sale. The majority of mosquito net (MN) fishers here were men, suggesting that the assumption that MNF is a female activity is not valid in this case. However, MN use for fishing at this site is unlikely to impact malaria protection as fishers used old or surplus nets. Respondents perceived both positive aspects of MNF (e.g., food and income) and negative aspects (e.g., impact on fishery). As mosquito nets are widely available, they may enable new entrants to access fisheries. There is a critical need to review current management responses, which predominately focus on banning the practice, and instead promote integrated strategies for sustainable livelihoods.
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- 2017
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14. Spectroscopic analysis of metal contents in mosquito nets used in hernia repair surgery.
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Peterson, Hannah L., Peterson, Elizabeth L., Bouwman, Rachael A., Sinniah, Kumar, Steffes, Bruce C., and Fader, Jason
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MOSQUITO nets , *HERNIA surgery , *ATOMIC emission spectroscopy , *METAL analysis , *SURGICAL meshes , *MICROWAVE plasmas - Abstract
Background This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the heavy metal content of several types of mosquito nets used in hernia repair surgery and to determine whether autoclave sterilization weakens the mosquito net material. Methods We extracted the metallic contents of a commercial polypropylene surgical mesh as well as polyester, low density polypropylene, and polyethylene mosquito nets via a wet digestion procedure. The extractions were analysed by microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The breaking strength of the mosquito nets was measured using a tensile tester. Results The polypropylene mosquito net metal content was comparable to or less than the metal contents found in commercial surgical meshes and textile fibers.1 The polyester and polyethylene mosquito net metal contents were higher yet below toxic thresholds. The structural integrity of the nets was not compromised by autoclave sterilization. Conclusions The metal content of mosquito nets is below toxic thresholds and is comparable to a commercially available surgical mesh. The variability in metal contents found among the mosquito nets is likely due to the manufacturing process. However, there is no evidence that their metal contents are grounds for disqualification as an alternative to commercial surgical mesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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15. Pulmonary resection for the treatment of massive hemoptysis in a resource-limited setting: Experience from Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Nega, Berhanu, Hiwot Yeshitila, Henok, Fekadesilassie, and Tizazu, Ayalew
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HEMOPTYSIS , *CHEST tubes , *WOUND infections , *SURGICAL complications , *PNEUMONECTOMY , *ENDOTRACHEAL tubes , *THORACOTOMY - Abstract
Background There are limited publications regarding patients operated for massive hemoptysis from developing countries. We reviewed a series of patients with massive hemoptysis who are treated surgically in Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital (TASH), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A retrospective study of 22 patients referred for massive hemoptysis and operated over a period of five years (January 1, 2013-January 31, 2018) was done. Results Pulmonary resection for massive hemoptysis was done for 22 patients with mean age of 31.4 +/- 11.4 years. Male to female ratio was 2.1:1. Patients presented after 111.8 +/- 89.7 hours of symptom onset. Post tuberculosis aspergiloma and bronchiectasis were the main cause of massive hemoptysis seen in 16(72.2%) and 5(22.7%) patients respectively. The right lung in 12(54.5%) and left lung in 10(45.5%) patients were involved. In both sides of the lung, upper lobe, 20(90.9%), was the main source of hemoptysis. Pulmonary isolation with double lumen endotracheal tube was used in only14 (63.6%) patients. Upper Lobectomy was done in 12 patients (54.5%), wedge resection in 5 patients (22.7%), pneumonectomy in 4 patients (18.2%) and bi-lobectomy in one (4.5%) patient. Twelve (54.5%) patients developed one or more complications following surgery. Five (22.7%) patients had to be on prolonged chest tube drainage for air leak, 4(18.2%) patients developed empyema which subsided later with drainage, 4(18.2%) patients had post operative pneumonia, one (4.5%) patient had post thoracotomy neuralgia, one patient had to be re-operated for recurrence, and three (13.6%) had major wound infections. There was one death (4.5%) due to severe postoperative bleeding and coagulopathy. Twenty-one patients were discharged home after an average hospital stay of 15.5 +/-8.5 days. Conclusions Since majority of patients with massive hemoptysis in developing countries are post tuberculosis and affect primarily young population, pulmonary resection is still safe and effective life saving procedure that should be performed in selected patients with good lung reserve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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16. Randomized trial to compare efficacy of polyester mosquito net mesh with polypropylene mesh in inguinal hernia surgery in northwestern India
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Sanchit Jain, Abhishek Agarwal, Lakshman Agarwal, Laxmi Narayan Meena, Sumita Jain, and Mohit Jain
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Inguinal hernia ,mosquito net ,lichtenstein repair ,low cost ,Surgery ,RD1-811 - Abstract
Objectives: Lichtenstein repair using mesh prosthesis is one of the most common repairs for inguinal hernia. In our country, the price of mesh contributes to a major portion of the total cost of the procedure. The study was conducted to compare the incidence of postoperative complications of using low-cost polyester mosquito net mesh with that of commercially available polypropylene mesh for inguinal hernia surgery by Lichtenstein repair and taking into consideration the cost of the operation. Methods: The study was a prospective randomized double-blind single-centre (government medical college) study. The study was conducted at SMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India, on 170 patients with inguinal hernia (45 bilateral and 125 unilateral) undergoing inguinal hernia surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either of the meshes, and study of postoperative complications was carried out with follow-up of up to 1 year. The average cost of the procedure was also calculated. Chi-square test and Student's t-test were applied for significance testing (p-value and #8804; 0.05, significant; p-value < 0.001, highly significant). Results: No significant difference in incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups was observed. However, the cost of the operative procedure using the polyester net mesh was significantly lower (p-value < 0.0001). Conclusions: The results of the short-term follow-up clearly demonstrate that the incidence of postoperative complications from using polyester net mesh is well comparable with that of commercial polypropylene mesh. Using polyester mesh significantly reduces the cost of surgery and therefore it has a role in resource-limited settings. [Arch Clin Exp Surg 2016; 5(4.000): 200-205]
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- 2016
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17. A Comparison of Surface and Total Deltamethrin Levels of Insecticide-Treated Nets and Estimation of the Effective Insecticidal Lifetime
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Tiengkham Pongvongsa, Michael D. Green, Mayfong Maxyay, Stephen G. Smith, Isabel Swamidoss, Paul N. Newton, Samlane Phompida, and Seth R. Irish
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Insecticides ,Time Factors ,Population ,Article ,Toxicology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Malaria transmission ,Virology ,Nitriles ,Pyrethrins ,parasitic diseases ,Bioassay ,Potency ,Insecticide-Treated Bednets ,education ,Insecticide treated nets ,education.field_of_study ,Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission ,Infectious Diseases ,Deltamethrin ,Physical Barrier ,chemistry ,Laos ,Mosquito net ,Environmental science ,Colorimetry ,Parasitology - Abstract
The ability to anticipate the useful lifetime of an insecticide-treated mosquito net (ITN) would provide a proactive approach for planning net distribution programs. Therefore, we used an exponential decay model of deltamethrin depletion to predict the effective insecticidal lifetime of PermaNet® 2.0 nets used in the Lao PDR. Residual deltamethrin was measured using two nondestructive analytical field methods; X-ray fluorescence (total levels) and a colorimetric field test (surface levels) at 12 and 24 months postdistribution. The model assumes that the 12-month depletion rate can be used to predict future levels. The median total and surface deltamethrin levels for the Lao nets at 12 months were 31.2 and 0.0743 mg/m2, respectively. By defining a failed net as having total deltamethrin levels of less than 15 mg/m2 or a surface level less than 0.0028 mg/m2, it was predicted that 50% of the group of nets will fail at about 27 months after distribution. Insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) are recognized as important tools for reducing malaria transmission in malaria-endemic regions.1-3 The effectiveness of ITNs at reducing malaria transmission relies on their ability to act as chemical as well as physical barriers. Over time, the accumulation of holes, rips, and tears as well as depletion of insecticide potency, reduces the efficacy of ITNs. Although the accumulation of holes results in decreased personal protection, the presence of remaining insecticide still has the potential to reduce malaria.4 It has been suggested by mathematical models that 94% of transmission can be prevented if 80% of the population continues to use these nets.4 Thus, monitoring insecticide levels along with physical integrity are important in recognizing when an ITN is no longer effective. Although damage to the nets can be visually ascertained, monitoring insecticidal potency is often assessed by using mosquito bioassays or chemical techniques. Mosquito bioassays, such as the WHO Cone Test, are the "Gold Standard" for assessing ITNs. Although mosquito bioassays are important elements in evaluating net efficacy, it is difficult to compare net performance across geographical regions where mosquito behavior and insecticide resistance are quite variable. Therefore, this report focuses on measuring surface and total residual insecticide levels by chemical means as a practical way to monitor and predict net longevity. The chemical techniques used to measure insecticide levels usually result in the partial destruction of an ITN. Spectroscopic methods such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF)5,6 and surface level measurements such as the colorimetric field test for cyanopyrethroids (CFT)7 provide alternative insecticide analysis techniques that are nondestructive to the net, thus allowing the same net to be monitored for insecticide levels over time. The XRF method measures the total (TL) amount of insecticide per area and the CFT measures available insecticide on the net surface (SL) via an abrasion technique using filter paper. Deltamethrin adhered to the filter paper is measured using a colorimetric cyanopyrethroid analysis method.7 The deltamethrin molecule contains both cyano and bromine groups, thus allowing it to be detected by the CFT and XRF, respectively.5,7 In this report, we describe the use of both XRF and CFT methods were on the same net after 12 and 24 months of use. The objectives of this report are to apply an exponential decay model for predicting the effective longevity of ITNs based on TL and SL deltamethrin measured after 12 months of use. The model is based on an assumption that by 12 months, factors contributing to insecticidal loss, such as washing and storage habits have become routinely established, thereby resulting in a depletion rate constant, from which future levels can be predicted.
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- 2022
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18. Inventory, description and analysis of fishing gear and techniques used in Lake Ahémé and its channels, facing the law on fishing in Benin (West-Africa)
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Christian Comlan Viaho, Simon Ahouansou Montcho, Philippe Laleye, Martin N Gbedey, and Delphine Adandedjan
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Fishery ,Geography ,Sustainable management ,Agriculture ,business.industry ,Water Bodies ,Biodiversity ,Acadja ,Mosquito net ,Diversification ,Ahémé Lake ,Fishing ,Table (landform) ,%22">Fish ,business ,Communication channel ,West africa - Abstract
Located in the southwest of Benin, the study environment consists of Lake Ahémé, the Ahô channel, the Tihimey channel, the coastal lagoons of Grand-Popo and Ouidah. The mouth of Avlo-plage makes the area an Estuarine Lagoon environment rich in ichthyofaunal biodiversity where fishing, the main activity of the populations, is practiced with various gears and techniques which are inventoried and described in this study. The methodological approach adopted revolves around documentary research, field surveys through questionnaires and interviews and direct observations. The people interviewed are made up of fishermen; fish wholesalers; agents specializing in fishery production. The study environment was subdivided into 19 observation stations and the data were collected from January 2018 to December 2019. The gears were illustrated by photos and described according to the results of the documentary research and information received from the fishermen. Their variations according to the bodies of water and the stations were calculated using the Excel 2017 table. The drawn meshes of the nets were measured to the nearest millimeter. The study shows that the inventoried fishing gears and techniques include nets, lines, pots, Acadjas and trap dams (Xhas), categorized into 12 gears and 02 techniques, of which 86% are constant and 14% are accessories. Gbagbaloulou conical nets dominate the gear while the landing net is the least represented. The smallest mesh measured is 2mm, while the largest mesh is 25mm. The fishing gear and techniques used do not ensure rational and sustainable management of fishery resources. Faced with the damage they are causing, the Government proceeded to their systematic removal. Snail farming was initiated to diversify the activities of fishermen.
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- 2021
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19. Higher mosquito aggressiveness and malaria transmission following the distribution of alpha-cypermethrin impregnated mosquito nets in a district of Douala, Cameroon.
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Akono, P. N., Tcheugoue, G. R. J., Mbida, J. A., Tonga, C., and Lehman, L. G.
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- *
INSECTICIDE-treated mosquito nets , *MOSQUITO nets , *PERMETHRIN , *PYRETHROIDS ,MALARIA transmission - Abstract
Mass use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets impregnated with permethrin or its derivatives is likely to result in a decline in vector density and transmission of malaria. The present study shows, on the contrary, higher mosquito aggressiveness and an increase in malaria transmission in a district of Douala where alpha-cypermethrin impregnated mosquito nets were recently distributed. A survey of the coverage and utilisation of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) was conducted in February 2016 in the Youpwé district. Night catches of adult mosquitoes on human volunteers were carried out prior to (January 2016) and after (March 2016) alpha-cypermethrin impregnated mosquito nets distribution, in and outside eight randomly selected houses in the Youpwé district. Mosquitoes were identified according to morphological and molecular criteria. The physiological age of mosquitoes was determined according to the Detinova method. Vectors' infectivity was determined by the ELISA CSP test. Long-lasting insecticidal nets coverage and utilisation rates in the Youpwé district were 95.2%and 90 %, respectively. Overall, 3923 mosquitoes were collected within 32 man-night catches. Anopheles coluzzii (24.8 %, n=973) and Culex quinquefasciatus (75.2 %; n=2950) were the only species aggressive to humans. The biting rate was significantly higher after ITN distribution (P=0.024). The aggressiveness cycles were similar during the two phases of the study with a peak of activity between 22:00 and 00:00. The physiological age and infectivity of An. coluzzii were significantly lower before the distribution of ITNs (P<0.004). Poor effectiveness of alpha-cypermethrin impregnated mosquito nets at a dose of 200 mg/m2, added to first rainfalls, are the likely causes of the significant increase in aggressiveness and malaria transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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20. The influence of different sterilization types on mosquito net mesh characteristics in groin hernia repair.
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Mitura, K. and Kozieł, S.
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- *
INGUINAL hernia , *SURGICAL meshes , *MOSQUITO nets , *GROIN pain , *STERILIZATION (Disinfection) , *TENSILE strength , *SURGERY , *HERNIA surgery , *PROTECTIVE clothing , *PHYSICS , *COMPLICATIONS of prosthesis , *MEDICAL equipment reliability ,GROIN surgery ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Background: In low-resource countries, a suture repair is still in common use due to the limited access to commercial mesh implants. The search for less expensive alternatives to the synthetic meshes has led to using mosquito nets. Sterilized mosquito net appears to be a low-cost and commonly available product that closely resembles commercially available meshes. However, the extent to which sterilization alters the structure of mosquito nets is still unknown. The aim of this research was to assess the effects of different sterilization types on physico-mechanical properties of mosquito nets.Materials and Methods: Nine different polymers were analyzed (six mosquito nets from low-resource countries, one European net, and two commercial meshes). The analyzed parameters included: polymer type, net surface area, fiber diameter, net thickness, mesh weight, pore size, tensile strength, and tear force. The measurements were taken before sterilization, after sterilization at 121 and at 134 °C.Results: Sterilization altered net surface and pore size, but did not significantly alter the single fiber diameter, weave of filaments, or net thickness. Steam sterilization did not affect the tensile strength or tear force.Conclusions: The reduction of the mosquito net surface area by more than 40% due to sterilization at 121 °C, results in a loss of macroporous structure, turning the mesh into hard, shrunken, non-pliable masses. Sterilization at 134 °C causes some mosquito nets to melt and completely destroys their porous structure. Maximum pressure in the abdominal cavity is higher than the tensile strength and tear force of some locally available mosquito nets; therefore, these nets should not be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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21. Knowledge and Practices about Malaria in Two Tribal Dominated Regions of Madhya Pradesh, India
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Vinay Tripathi and GS Preetha
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Government ,education.field_of_study ,Descriptive statistics ,Population ,Context (language use) ,medicine.disease ,law.invention ,Infectious Diseases ,Transmission (mechanics) ,Geography ,law ,Malaria elimination ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Mosquito net ,education ,Socioeconomics ,Malaria - Abstract
Given the substantial contribution tribal population makes to the overall malaria load in the country, their role is important in the malaria elimination context. Assimilation of correct malaria preventive and care seeking behaviour among them, thereby, becomes very critical. Community level knowledge and practices regarding malaria can reflect on the extent of this assimilation. A cross-sectional survey of 482 randomly selected households was conducted in Umaria and Dindori districts of Madhya Pradesh using a semi-structured schedule to assess the community level knowledge and practices with respect to the causation, transmission, prevention and treatment of malaria. Descriptive statistics are used to determine relative frequencies and percentages. Chi-square test is used to determine the associations between the variables. Majority of the respondents (71.2%) were aware of the role of mosquitoes in the transmission of malaria. However, only 30% of the respondents reported the most characteristics symptoms of malaria, i.e., “fever with chills”. The awareness about transmission and symptoms was associated with educational status of the respondents as well as history of malaria infection. 65% of the households were using mosquito net bed and 57% burnt foliage/cow dung cakes to protect themselves from mosquitoes. Out of all the malarial cases, 61% sought treatment from government health facilities, while remaining from private facilities. Findings indicate that tribal groups generally possessed knowledge about malaria and engage in desirable behaviours for its management and control pointing towards their acceptance and assimilation of the government programme. How to cite this article:Tripathi V, Preetha GS. Knowledge and Practices about Malaria in Two Tribal Dominated Regionsof Madhya Pradesh, India. J Commun Dis. 2021;53(3):112-117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202146
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- 2021
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22. Inguinal hernia repair: a global perspective
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Richard Turner, S. N. Sinha, and James O'Brien
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Local anaesthetic ,business.industry ,General surgery ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Operative Time ,Hernia, Inguinal ,General Medicine ,Surgical Mesh ,Hernia repair ,medicine.disease ,Inguinal hernia ,Systematic review ,Humans ,Medicine ,Mosquito net ,Laparoscopy ,Surgery ,business ,Herniorrhaphy - Abstract
BACKGROUND Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common operations performed worldwide with most of the burden of these occurring in low- or middle-income countries (LMICs). There has been much research investigating the most effective method of hernia repair in resource-rich countries, however very little has been done to determine the most cost-beneficial method of hernia repair in LMICs. METHODS A systematic review of the English literature through PubMed and Scopus was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria of which 17 were randomised controlled trials and 11 were systematic reviews. Three areas of investigation were established from the literature search, namely operative method and type of mesh used (where applicable). Open-mesh procedures were shown to be less costly and have shorter operative times than laparoscopic methods. People who underwent laparoscopic hernia repair regularly returned to normal activities earlier than those who had open-mesh procedures. However, there was no other difference in complication rates between these two methods. Recent investigations have revealed that sterilised synthetic mosquito net was similar to hernia-specific meshes whilst significantly reducing cost. CONCLUSION We postulate that the most cost-beneficial method of hernia repair for implementation in LMICs is using open-mesh procedures with sterilised mosquito net under local anaesthetic. Further cost-benefit research is required in this area.
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- 2021
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23. Decentralized facility financing versus performance-based payments in primary health care: a large-scale randomized controlled trial in Nigeria
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Eeshani Kandpal, Kevin McGee, Christel M. J. Vermeersch, Elina Pradhan, Benjamin P. Loevinsohn, Emmanuel Meribole, Oluwole Odutolu, György Bèla Fritsche, Madhulika Khanna, and Opeyemi Fadeyibi
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Maternal and child health ,Service delivery framework ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Developing country ,Nigeria ,law.invention ,Randomized controlled trial ,Pregnancy ,law ,Health care ,Humans ,Medicine ,Quality of care ,Child ,Reimbursement, Incentive ,Quality of Health Care ,media_common ,Health financing ,Finance ,Primary Health Care ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Payment ,Scale (social sciences) ,Mosquito net ,Female ,Health Facilities ,business ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Health system financing presents a challenge in many developing countries. We assessed two reform packages, performance-based financing (PBF) and direct facility financing (DFF), against each other and business-as-usual for maternal and child healthcare (MCH) provision in Nigeria. Methods We sampled 571 facilities (269 in PBF; 302 in DFF) in 52 districts randomly assigned to PBF or DFF, and 215 facilities in 25 observable-matched control districts. PBF facilities received $2 ($1 for operating grants plus $1 for bonuses) for every $1 received by DFF facilities (operating grants alone). Both received autonomy, supervision, and enhanced community engagement, isolating the impact of additional performance-linked facility and health worker payments. Facilities and households with recent pregnancies in facility catchments were surveyed at baseline (2014) and endline (2017). Outcomes were Penta3 immunization, institutional deliveries, modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR), four-plus antenatal care (ANC) visits, insecticide-treated mosquito net (ITN) use by under-fives, and directly observed quality of care (QOC). We estimated difference-in-differences with state fixed effects and clustered standard errors. Results PBF increased institutional deliveries by 10% points over DFF and 7% over business-as-usual (ppppppp Conclusions Our findings show that both PBF and DFF represent significant improvements over business-as-usual for service provision and quality of care. However, except for institutional delivery, PBF and DFF do not differ from each other despite PBF disbursing $2 for every dollar disbursed by DFF. These findings highlight the importance of direct facility financing and decentralization in improving PHC and suggest potential complementarities between the two approaches in strengthening MCH service delivery. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03890653; May 8, 2017. Retrospectively registered.
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- 2021
24. Behavior of the Use of Mosquito Net as a Prevention of Malaria in Ondorea Village, Nanga Panda Sub-district
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Yustina P.M.Paschalia, Irfan Irfan, Anatolia K. Doondori, and Norma Tiku Kambuno
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education.field_of_study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Public health ,Population ,Developing country ,Sample (statistics) ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,parasitic diseases ,Medicine ,Mosquito net ,National average ,Descriptive research ,business ,education ,Socioeconomics ,Malaria - Abstract
Background: Malaria is an infectious disease that is still a world public health problem, especially in developing countries with tropical climates, including Indonesia. Ondorea Village in Nangapanda Subdistrict, Ende Regency, is one of the villages in East Nusa Tenggara, which is a province with APIs above the national average. Objective: To determine family behavior in using mosquito nets as an effort to prevent malaria in Ondorea Village, Nangapanda District. Method: This research is a survey research type with descriptive research design, the design used is"cross sectional".The population were all families residing in Ondorea Village, totaling 178 families, the sample in this study used a total sample. The variable in this study was a single variable, namely family behavior in the use of mosquito nets. The data used in this study are primary data collected by making home visits. Results: Public knowledge about the use of mosquito nets as an effort to prevent malaria in Ondorea Village, Nangapanda District was in the sufficient category, namely 85.39%, those with good knowledge of 6.34% and those with moderate knowledge of 7.87%. The public attitude about the use of mosquito nets is in the good category, namely 99.4%, which has a sufficient attitude of 0.56%. Conclusion: There is no relationship between the level of knowledge and the behavior of using mosquito nets, but it is found that there is a relationship between family attitudes and the behavior of using mosquito nets as an effort to prevent malaria
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- 2021
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25. Inguinal hernia surgery in developing countries: should laparoscopic repairs be performed ?
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Berthier Nsadi, Olivier Detry, and Willy Arung
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hernia ,laparoscopy ,mosquito net ,mesh ,complications ,third world ,cost ,Medicine - Abstract
Laparoscopy is a clear revolution in abdominal surgery and should be developed in dedicated experienced facilities in developing countries. However, compared to the Lichtenstein procedure, laparoscopic techniques of inguinal hernia repair have clear disadvantages, as the necessity of a general anaesthesia, of availability of CO2 and electricity, a higher cost and a risk of more life-threatening complications. The Lichtenstein technique is a much easier procedure can be easily performed under spinal or even local anaesthesia. The Lichtenstein technique should be considered as the standard of care of inguinal hernias not only in the developing countries, but in the whole world, as until now, no clear differences in term of recurrence and pain could be demonstrated between both techniques. The availability of a cheap mesh is still a challenge, and the use of mosquito nets should be further investigated.
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- 2017
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26. The behaviour of mosquitoes in relation to humans under holed bednets: the evidence from experimental huts
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Seth R Irish
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mosquito net ,holes ,malaria ,experimental hut ,Anopheles ,Culex ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
The physical integrity of bednets is a concern of national malaria control programs, as it is a key factor in determining the rate of replacement of bednets. It is largely assumed that increased numbers of holes will result in a loss of protection of sleepers from potentially infective bites. Experimental hut studies are valuable in understanding mosquito behaviour indoors, particularly as it relates to blood feeding and mortality. This review summarises findings from experimental hut studies, focusing on two issues: (i) the effect of different numbers or sizes of holes in bednets and (ii) feeding behaviour and mortality with holed nets as compared with unholed nets. As might be expected, increasing numbers and area of holes resulted in increased blood feeding by mosquitoes on sleepers. However, the presence of holes did not generally have a large effect on the mortality of mosquitoes. Successfully entering a holed mosquito net does not necessarily mean that mosquitoes spend less time in contact with the net, which could explain the lack in differences in mortality. Further behavioural studies are necessary to understand mosquito behaviour around nets and the importance of holed nets on malaria transmission.
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- 2014
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27. Mosquito Net Ownership, Utilization, and Preferences among Mobile and Migrant Populations Sleeping in Forests and Farms in Central Vietnam: A Cross-Sectional Study
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Thuan Huu Vo, Long Khanh Tran, Duong Thanh Tran, Kimberly A. Edgel, Thang Duc Ngo, Sara E. Canavati, Gerard C. Kelly, and Nicholas J. Martin
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Farms ,Mosquito Control ,Cross-sectional study ,030231 tropical medicine ,Psychological intervention ,High coverage ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Virology ,Malaria elimination ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,Insecticide-Treated Bednets ,Socioeconomics ,Bed nets ,Transients and Migrants ,Ownership ,Articles ,medicine.disease ,Malaria ,Infectious Diseases ,Geography ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Vietnam ,Respondent ,Mosquito net ,Parasitology - Abstract
Strengthening vector control measures among mobile and migrant populations (MMPs) is crucial to malaria elimination, particularly in areas with multidrug-resistant malaria. Although a global priority, providing access and ensuring high coverage of available tools such as long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) among these vulnerable groups remains a significant challenge. We assessed mosquito net ownership, utilization, and preference among individuals who slept in a forest and/or on a farm against those residing only in village “home” settings in a priority malaria elimination area of Vietnam. Proportions of respondents owning bed nets were similar among forest, farm, and home sleeping sites, ranging between 96% and 98%. The proportion of respondents owning hammock nets was higher for the forest group (92%), whereas ownership of hammocks in general was significantly lower for the home group (55%). Most respondents (97%) preferred to bring hammock nets to their remote sleeping site, whereas a smaller proportion (25%) also considered bed nets as an option. Respondent preferences included thick hammock nets with zippers (53%), hammocks with a flip cover (17%), and thin hammock nets with zippers (15%), with none choosing polyethylene (hard) LLINs. Although there is high coverage and access to nets for this high-priority MMP group, there was a noted gap between coverage and net use, potentially undermining the effectiveness of net-related interventions that could impact malaria prevention and elimination efforts in Vietnam. The design and material of nets are important factors for user preferences that appear to drive net use.
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- 2021
28. Combined Epidemiologic and Entomologic Survey to Detect Urban Malaria Transmission, Guinea, 2018
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Aissata Fofana, Ibrahima Bah, Abdoulaye Dieng Sarr, Hadja Fanta Camara, Kalil Keita, Youssoufa Lo, Mohamed Dioubaté, Dean Sayre, Seth R. Irish, Mateusz M. Plucinski, Nouman Diakité, Denka Camara, Ibrahima Camara, Mohamed Saran Condé, Touré Babacar Deen, Yaya Barry, Alioune Camara, and Eugene Kaman Lama
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sub-Saharan Africa ,Microbiology (medical) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,Anopheles gambiae ,Plasmodium falciparum ,vector-borne infections ,030231 tropical medicine ,malaria ,lcsh:Medicine ,mosquito ,parasites ,entomology ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Conakry ,law ,Environmental health ,Anopheles ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cities ,Malaria, Falciparum ,biology ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,lcsh:R ,Dispatch ,transmission ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Diseases ,Geography ,Transmission (mechanics) ,Combined Epidemiologic and Entomologic Survey to Detect Urban Malaria Transmission, Guinea, 2018 ,Mosquito net ,Guinea ,Rural area ,urban ,Malaria - Abstract
Malaria incidence is generally lower in cities than rural areas. However, reported urban malaria incidence may not accurately reflect the level of ongoing transmission, which has potentially large implications for prevention efforts. To guide mosquito net distribution, we assessed the extent of malaria transmission in Conakry, Guinea, in 2018. We found evidence of active malaria transmission.
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- 2021
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29. The association between demographic and attitude factors with the practice of malaria prevention among the rural community in Purworejo district, Indonesia
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Desto Arisandi, Tri Wulandari Kesetyaningsih, Winny Setyonugroho, I Ketut Swarjana, and Farindira Vesti Rahmasari
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lcsh:R5-920 ,Rural community ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Simple random sample ,medicine.disease ,Environmental health ,parasitic diseases ,Global health ,Medicine ,Mosquito net ,Malaria prevention ,Community survey ,Rural area ,business ,reserach article ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Malaria - Abstract
Malaria is one of the global health problems that is faced by many countries, including Indonesia. This study aimed to examine the association between demographic and attitude factors with malaria prevention in the rural areas of Purworejo District, Indonesia. A community survey was conducted in Purworejo District that involved 147 respondents by using simple random sampling to select the respondents. A questionnaire interview was used to collect data about demographic factors, attitudes, and malaria prevention practices. A Chi-square test was performed to examine the association between demographic and attitude factors with the practice of malaria prevention in the community. Among 147 respondents, 80 (54.4%) respondents conducted malaria prevention practice using bed mosquito net in their own houses. Demographic factors such as education level (p
- Published
- 2021
30. Evaluation of Malaria Parasitaemia and Assessing the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Pregnant Women Attending Health Facilities in Owerri Metropolis towards Malaria Prevention and Control
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Francis Chukwuebuka Ihenetu, Kingsley Ihedioha Achigbu, Chidinma O. Akanazu, Chinyere Ihuarulam Okoro, Chidera C Obasi, Sonny Johnbull Ogboi, and Kingsley Excel Dunga
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Pregnancy ,business.industry ,Disease ,Emergency department ,Malaria parasitaemia ,medicine.disease ,Chloroquine ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,Environmental health ,parasitic diseases ,Respondent ,Mosquito net ,Medicine ,business ,Malaria ,medicine.drug - Abstract
There are a few investigations on malaria in pregnancy; however, examinations zeroing in on the discernment and current acts of malaria counteraction and treatment among pregnant women are scanty. This examination was pointed toward evaluating the information, recognitions about malaria anticipation with accentuation on information about placental malaria too consistence to utilization of LLIN and IPTP among pregnant women in Owerri, South Eastern Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at an emergency department, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri using a pretested questionnaire from 200 randomly selected consenting pregnant women. Acknowledgment of malaria manifestations during pregnancy, information about IPTP and placenta malaria were things used to survey the degree of information about malaria in pregnancy. Their blood tests were additionally diagnosed for malaria parasitaemia. Malaria prevalence in the examination populace by microscopy was 13.5%. Additionally 62% of the respondents were learned about the conceivable impeding impacts of the existences of malaria during pregnancy. About 79.5% of the respondent decidedly related mosquitoes to malaria contamination while 31% and 14% related reason for malaria disease to messy encompassing and stale water individually. Malaria Prevention Mentality and Practice in this examination was acceptable (60%) while 18.5% had reasonable practice. All the more so and 15.5% of the respondents had been associated with helpless practice. About 34% of the pregnant ladies rested under a mosquito net frequently study watched factual criticalness between age, occupation and malaria counteraction rehearses (p = 0.014, 0.0089). There was likewise measurably huge relationship between respondent’s training and respondent mentality (p = 0.0034). Information with respect to the utilization of Sulphodaxine primethamine (SP) as medication of decision during pregnancy was restricted (12.0%) as utilization of chloroquine was positioned most elevated (48%). The study showed low peripheral malaria prevalence and furthermore exhibited that pregnant women’s knowledge, mentality and practice towards malaria avoidance was impressively all things considered. Be that as it may, there was helpless information about discontinuous preventive treatment of malaria (IPTP) or suggested antimalarial during pregnancy.
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- 2021
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31. Disparities in Agricultural Practices According to Cashew Nut Production Regions in Côte d’Ivoire and Probable Incidence on Nut Quality
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Soya Joseph, Koffi Yao Stephane, and Kouadio James Halbin
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Nut ,biology ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Cote d ivoire ,Intercropping ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Toxicology ,Agriculture ,Production (economics) ,Mosquito net ,Quality (business) ,Cashew nut ,business ,media_common - Abstract
Improving the quality of agricultural products depends largely on production process. In the absence of data on farmers’ practices and the average quality of cashew nuts in Cote d’Ivoire, the present study aimed to provide a detailed description of the cashew nut production process. Thus, a survey was carried out in the zones of Mankono, Dabakala and Bondoukou among 386 cashew producers selected at random and interviewed using the face-to-face technique. The results revealed that intercropping was practiced in cashew cultivation (42% - 62% of the producers), modern cultivation technique (72% - 98% of the producers) but with rare use of selected seeds (8% - 20% of the producers), labour/ha during nut harvesting (2.6 - 12 workers/ha). Concerning the harvesting process, the time taken to pick the nuts varies from 1 to 14 days; the use of pesticides during harvesting (14% to 97% of the producers) and the absence of sorting of the nuts in 42% of the Mankono producers justify the probable conservation of defective and immature nuts in their production. For drying, the main dryers were the slatted table, the cemented surface and the tarpaulin, but other dryers were found such as the mosquito net, the propylene rice bag, the fertiliser bag and the black bag. Generally, the drying time of cashew nuts was very short: 2 days (43% - 77% of the producers interviewed) but surprisingly 1 day (7% - 27% of the producers interviewed). For Mankono, the use of chemicals was permanent during all stages of the cashew production process. Overall, the results suggest the need to assess the real impact of farmers’ practices on the quality of cashew nuts from Cote d’Ivoire.
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- 2021
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32. Correlation of textile ‘resistance to damage’ scores with actual physical survival of long-lasting insecticidal nets in the field
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Vera Chetty, Estelle Guillemois, Sean Blaufuss, Amy Wheldrake, Ana Paula Abílio, Stella Babalola, Stephen J. Russell, Khamis A. Haji, Hannah Koenker, Bolanje Olapeju, Emmanuel Obi, Paul Mansiangi, and Albert Kilian
- Subjects
Long lasting ,Mosquito Control ,Time Factors ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,030231 tropical medicine ,Nigeria ,Bivariate analysis ,Tanzania ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Correlation ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Textile resistance to damage ,Statistics ,parasitic diseases ,Pooled data ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Prospective Studies ,Insecticide-Treated Bednets ,Mozambique ,Mathematics ,Proportional hazards model ,Textiles ,Research ,LLIN physical durability ,Malaria ,Infectious Diseases ,Linear relationship ,Democratic Republic of the Congo ,Mosquito net ,Parasitology ,Metric (unit) - Abstract
Background Attempts have been made to link procurement of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) not only to the price but also the expected performance of the product. However, to date it has not been possible to identify a specific textile characteristic that predicts physical durability in the field. The recently developed resistance to damage (RD) score could provide such a metric. This study uses pooled data from durability monitoring to explore the usefulness of the RD methodology. Methods Data from standardized, 3-year, prospective LLIN durability monitoring for six LLIN brands in 10 locations and four countries involving 4672 campaign LLIN were linked to the RD scores of the respective LLIN brands. The RD score is a single quantitative metric based on a suite of standardized textile tests which in turn build on the mechanisms of damage to a mosquito net. Potential RD values range from 0 to 100 where 100 represents optimal resistance to expected day-to-day stress during reasonable net use. Survival analysis was set so that risk of failure only started when nets were first hung. Cox regression was applied to explore RD effects on physical survival adjusting for known net use environment variables. Results In a bivariate analysis RD scores showed a linear relationship with physical integrity suggesting that the proportion of LLIN with moderate damage decreased by 3%-points for each 10-point increase of the RD score (p = 0.02, R2 = 0.65). Full adjustment for net care and handling behaviours as well as other relevant determinants and the country of study showed that increasing RD score by 10 points resulted in a 36% reduction of risk of failure to survive in serviceable condition (p Conclusions This study provides proof of principle that the RD metric can predict physical durability of LLIN products in the field and could be used to assess new products and guide manufacturers in creating improved products. However, additional validation from other field data, particularly for next generation LLIN, will be required before the RD score can be included in procurement decisions for LLINs.
- Published
- 2021
33. Mosquito Net Use in an Artisanal East African Fishery.
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Bush, Emma R., Short, Rebecca E., Milner‐Gulland, E. J., Lennox, Kirao, Samoilys, Melita, and Hill, Nicholas
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- *
MOSQUITO nets , *MALARIA , *FISHERIES , *FISHERY gear , *MALARIA prevention - Abstract
Widespread, anecdotal reports of the use of bed nets designed for malaria control ('mosquito nets') in artisanal fisheries have led to concern from health and natural resource management sectors. However, mosquito net fishing (MNF) may play an important role in the livelihoods of artisanal fishers, an aspect not yet investigated. At a coastal Kenyan site among Giriama fishers, nearly half of homesteads interviewed used mosquito nets as fishing gear, targeting juvenile fish and prawns for subsistence and sale. The majority of mosquito net (MN) fishers here were men, suggesting that the assumption that MNF is a female activity is not valid in this case. However, MN use for fishing at this site is unlikely to impact malaria protection as fishers used old or surplus nets. Respondents perceived both positive aspects of MNF (e.g., food and income) and negative aspects (e.g., impact on fishery). As mosquito nets are widely available, they may enable new entrants to access fisheries. There is a critical need to review current management responses, which predominately focus on banning the practice, and instead promote integrated strategies for sustainable livelihoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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34. Practices and knowledge regarding dengue infection among the rural community of Haryana.
- Author
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Verma, Ramesh, Bhalla, Kapil, Dhankar, Mukesh, Kumar, Raj, Dhaka, Rohit, and Agrawal, Ginni
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- *
DENGUE hemorrhagic fever , *DENGUE , *THERAPEUTICS , *INFECTION , *VISUAL aids , *COMMUNITIES - Abstract
Background: The dengue infection has become a major global public health problem and 40% of the world's population living in an area at risk for dengue and causing nearly 400 million infections every year. There is no specific treatment for dengue, but if there is proper case management then case fatality rates can be below 1%. Aim and Objectives: To study the knowledge and practice about dengue fever in a rural community of Haryana. Methodology: The study recruited 400 adults (15-60 years) and all subjects were selected randomly from survey registers of eight anganwadi centres and data was collected by visiting house to house. Results: The association between demographic variables and knowledge about dengue fever and found out that only caste wise and socio-economic wise were found to be statistically significant rest associations were found to be statistically non-significant. Conclusion and Recommendations: There is a need of hour to make rural people aware of symptoms of DF and different preventive methods through mass media like television, newspapers, internet, social media etc or audio visual aids or through primary care physician [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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35. A Study on the Possibility of Daily Fire Spray by Electric Mosquito Net
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Bo Seong Kim, Jae Min Ryu, Jong Hyeon Kim, and Jae Won Yang
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Toxicology ,Environmental science ,Mosquito net - Published
- 2020
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36. Dengue in parts of the Guinea Savannah region of Nigeria and the risk of increased transmission
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M Mahmud, A. B. Onoja, C A Omatola, E Moses, and C K Mofolorunsho
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Male ,Health (social science) ,IgG ,030231 tropical medicine ,Nigeria ,Dengue virus ,medicine.disease_cause ,Dengue fever ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Formal education ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Humans ,High rate ,0303 health sciences ,030306 microbiology ,Transmission (medicine) ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,Dengue Virus ,medicine.disease ,Case management ,dengue ,AcademicSubjects/MED00390 ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Open water ,Geography ,Guinea Savannah ,Mosquito net ,Original Article ,Female ,Guinea - Abstract
Background Dengue virus (DENV) is spreading to parts of the world where it had not been previously reported. Increased international travel has led to intercontinental importation of dengue by visitors returning from countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Although dengue is well documented in the rain forest region of Nigeria, there is a dearth of information in the Guinea Savannah region, which is a major transit point for local and international visitors in the most populous nation in Africa. We provide preliminary evidence of dengue activity in the Guinea Savannah and highlight the risk factors. Methods Blood was collected from a cross-section of 200 patients attending four hospitals in Anyigba, Kogi State. Anti-dengue antibody was identified using DENV immunoglobulin G (IgG) immunoassays. Questionnaires were used to obtain sociodemographic variables and risk factors. Data were analysed with SPSS version 16.0 for Windows. Results Forty-two (20.5%) participants had anti-DENV IgG antibodies. Persons within the 45–59 y age group were more seropositive, with a rate of 35%. Males were more seropositive compared with females. Marriage, formal education, involvement in business activities and the presence of grasses around homes were associated with higher IgG seropositivity. The presence of open water containers around human dwellings and a lack of mosquito net use are predisposing factors. Conclusions This study identified past exposure to DENV among people in Anyigba, located in the Guinea Savannah region. Proper diagnosis of febrile episodes is required to improve case management and curtail off-target treatment. The high rate of previous exposure of patients to dengue indicates the need to strengthen vector control and dengue surveillance programs.
- Published
- 2020
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37. Coverage and use of long-lasting insecticide treated nets in Kpone-on-Sea Township, Accra, Ghana: A cross-sectional study
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Nathaniel Coleman, Isabella A. Quakyi, and Setsoafia T Dzata
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Long lasting ,education.field_of_study ,Cross-sectional study ,business.industry ,030231 tropical medicine ,Population ,Distribution (economics) ,medicine.disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Geography ,Environmental health ,parasitic diseases ,Chi-square test ,medicine ,Mosquito net ,General Materials Science ,Observational study ,030212 general & internal medicine ,business ,education ,Malaria - Abstract
Background: Long lasting insecticide-treated mosquito nets (LLINs) are currently one of the most viable options to prevent malaria transmission in Africa. In Ghana, the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) has embarked on a universal coverage strategy to ensure that all members of the population sleep under an LLIN regardless of age or sex. Objective:This study assessed the NMCP’s LLINs distribution and hanging campaign in Kpone–on–Sea Township. It sought to establish the coverage of LLINs in the community and its usage by children< 5 yr. old and in pregnant women. Methods: The cross-sectional study involved 400 households with heads of the households or their representatives as respondents. Data was collected through questionnaire interviews and observational checklists. Frequency tables were used to indicate proportions and Chi Square test for associations. Results: Of the 400 households (represented by a head of the household or an adult representative), 93.30% owned any type of mosquito net and 83.75% owned LLINs and 74.92% used it. Households with children less than 5 yr.old accounted for 69.25% regarding ownership and 69.40% regarding usage. LLINs possession by pregnant women was 84.80% whiles usage was 72.30%. The study also indicated that 73.70% of respondents had good knowledge of malaria, 21.30% had very good knowledge and 5.01% had low knowledge. Furthermore, 89.50% of the respondents had knowledge of LLINs. Conclusion: The general coverage of LLINs in the community was 83.75% and usage was 74.92% 7 mosafter a free distribution and hanging campaign. This provides a useful assessment of NMCP’s LLINs campaign in this community and suggests ways for improvement.
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- 2020
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38. Use of Mosquito Net Mesh Versus Polypropylene Mesh in Tension-Free Repair of Inguinal Hernia: a 1-Year Randomized Controlled Trial
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Ashok C. Pangi and Rahul Pradhan
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,medicine.disease ,Prosthesis ,law.invention ,Cardiac surgery ,Surgery ,03 medical and health sciences ,Inguinal hernia ,Exact test ,Plastic surgery ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Cardiothoracic surgery ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Medicine ,Mosquito net ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,business - Abstract
Commercially available polypropylene mesh is preferred in the developed countries during inguinal hernioplasty. Whereas, the mosquito net mesh is a safe and effective alternative in the developing countries such as India. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of mosquito net mesh as prosthesis in comparison with polypropylene mesh in inguinal hernia repair by Lichtenstein tension-free technique. A total of 60 patients presented with uncomplicated inguinal hernia were randomized into two groups: group A (mosquito net mesh) and group B (polypropylene mesh). Postoperatively, the Southampton scoring system was employed to assess the level of infection at the surgical site on days 3, 5, 7, and 10. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. The data were compared using Fisher’s exact test, chi-square test, and independent sample t test. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. All the patients were men and majority were in the age-group of 51–60 years. Right-sided inguinal hernia was reported in most (30) of the patients. The rate of surgical site infection on postoperative day 3 (P = 1.000), 5 (P = 0.704), 7 (P = 0.612), and 10 (P = 1.000) were comparable in both groups A and B. The baseline characteristics, clinical presentations, and assessment of surgical site infection in both groups were comparable. Therefore, mosquito net mesh, as prosthesis for inguinal hernia repair, is equally safe and efficacious as polypropylene mesh.
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- 2020
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39. Malaria education interventions addressing bed net care and repair practices: a systematic review
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Deborah Jean McClelland, Yann C. Klimentidis, Ellen M. Santos, Lindsay Hansen, Colleen Shelly, Kacey C. Ernst, and Elizabeth T. Jacobs
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0301 basic medicine ,Mosquito Control ,030231 tropical medicine ,030106 microbiology ,Psychological intervention ,Review ,Interpersonal communication ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Nursing ,Intervention (counseling) ,Animals ,Humans ,Health Education ,Protocol (science) ,Mosquito Nets ,Education theory ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,Grey literature ,Malaria ,Knowledge ,Infectious Diseases ,Mosquito net ,Parasitology ,Psychology ,Inclusion (education) - Abstract
Education intervention effectiveness to improve bed net care and repair knowledge or practices is unclear. To assess intervention effectiveness, we systematically reviewed eight peer-reviewed literature databases and 16 malaria organizations (PROSPERO protocol CRD42019123932) using pre-specified combinations of ‘education intervention’, ‘mosquito net’, and ‘malaria’ search terms. Data were abstracted for 29 of 43 studies meeting inclusion criteria, of which 16 studies included education as amain focus. Of these 16, there was evidence of intervention effectiveness among half of the studies, which reported improvements in knowledge or practices, while four had mixed results, and four had unclear results. Overall there is no clear conclusion regarding the effectiveness of education interventions to improve net care and repair, though some instructional methods suggest more success than others. Interventions used combinations of instructional methods; passive mass education (6), active mass education (12), and interpersonal methods (8). Interventions combining mass and interpersonal methods resulted in positive improvements (four positive, one mixed). We found no evidence that interventions grounded in health behavior theory achieved more positive results than those not grounded in theory, potentially because net care education was typically asecondary objective. Of 289 gray literature results, 286 (99%) were net distribution reports from Against Malaria Foundation describing 136 distributions; eighty of which (58.8%) mentioned no education related to net care and repair. We found lack of involvement of experts in education among included interventions. Involving trained instructors with expertise in education theory and instructional strategies may improve instruction quality to yield more effective interventions.
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- 2020
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40. Assessment of the Willingness to Buy and the Use of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITN) among Caregivers of Under-Five Children Attending Immunization Clinics in a Private Tertiary Hospital in Plateau State, Nigeria
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Kingsley C. Okafor, Blessing E. Oguche, Chidindu N. Idika, Lucy Idoko, and Gift M. Amlabu
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Government ,Cross-sectional study ,business.industry ,Indoor residual spraying ,equipment and supplies ,medicine.disease ,Diagnosis of malaria ,General Energy ,Environmental health ,parasitic diseases ,Health care ,Medicine ,Mosquito net ,business ,Local government area ,Malaria - Abstract
Introduction: Malaria control becomes effective if countries adopt the World Health Organization & Global Malaria Programme (WHO/GMP) recommendation with includes diagnosis of malaria cases and treatment with effective medicines, distribution of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS). Ownership and utilization of mosquito nets for malaria prevention is still sub-optimal with only 62% ownership of at least one mosquito net and only 37% of children using the nets. This seeks to investigate the willingness to buy and the use ITN use among caregivers of under five children attending immunization clinic in Bingham University Teaching Hospital. Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study design carried out among 242 caregivers of all ages and sex of under-five children attending immunization clinic at Bingham University Teaching Hospital (BHUTH) in Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. A Simple Random Sampling technique was used to select respondents. Findings: Two hundred and sixteen 216 (89.3%) of the children use ITNs, majority of the children 190 (78.5%) slept under ITN the night before the interview, 226 (93.4%) owned ITNs, 156 (64.5%) got the ITNs for free while 60 (24.8%) paid for it and majority 172 (71.1%) of the children use ITN every night. Tertiary education, having much younger children (less than 3 years) and perception as a means of malaria prevention were associated with higher use of ITNs. Majority 220 (90.9%) the caregivers were willing to buy ITN and also recommend ITN to others. Caregivers who were traders and civil servants were willing to buy ITN than farmers, tertiary education, having children 1 - 3 months old, and owning 3 or more ITNs was associated with willingness to buy ITNs. Conclusion: About 90% of the children of caregivers use ITNs and over three quarters slept under ITN the night before the interview and majority use it every night. Majority the caregivers were willing to buy ITN and also recommend ITN to others. The government and health care workers should continue to encourage and enlighten caregivers to keep using ITNs for their children and sustain mass free distribution of ITNs to improve ownership and utilization of ITNs.
- Published
- 2020
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41. Factors Affecting Utilisation of Insecticide Treated Net among Household with Children Less than Five Years in Hodan District, Mogadishu, Somalia
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Anisa Hassan, Mohamed Hassan Mohamed, and Hafsa Mohamed
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Under-five ,Primary education ,medicine.disease ,Case management ,law.invention ,Transmission (mechanics) ,Geography ,law ,Human settlement ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Mosquito net ,Socioeconomics ,Wide gap ,Malaria - Abstract
Malaria is hyper-endemic in Somalia and remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, especially vulnerable groups such as old people, pregnant women, and children under five years. The prevalence of the disease is the highest along the rivers, settlements in southern Somalia, with artificial water reservoirs, where there is a year-round transmission. About 80% of malaria cases in Somalia occur in the Shebelle and Juba river basins. Outside of the malaria-endemic areas, it is estimated that 87% of Somalia is at risk of being exposed to malaria epidemics. According to a recent KAP (knowledge, attitude, and practices) survey, less than 10% of the households have Insecticide-treated mosquito net. This cross-sectional study was conducted to describe the factors affecting utilization of Insecticide-treated net among households with children under 5 years in Hodan district. The study was all adult households (more than 18 yrs.) with five years. A total of 50 respondents were interviewed during the period of data collection. A structured questionnaire dealing with socio-demographic characteristics, household’s knowledge about the Insecticide-treated net and availability and ownership and uses of Insecticide-treated net were used as data collection instrument. Results were presented in frequency tables and graphics. The majority of respondents indicated that 30 out of 50 (60%) have Insecticide-treated mosquito net while 20 out of 50 (40%) do not have it. The main reason for those who do not have Insecticide-treated mosquito net they did not able to afford it. Knowledge about malaria and Insecticide-treated mosquito net importance, the majority of respondents (92%) believe that there is a great benefit to use Insecticide-treated mosquito net for a reason to protect them mosquito bites. 20 (40%) were primary education and they didn’t know the causes of malaria (38 out of 50, 76%). The households of the Hodan district need special attention to the utilization of Insecticide-treated mosquito net. Free provision of Insecticide-treated net awareness creation on the utilization of Insecticide-treated mosquito nets and participated in an income generates supremely important activities. This study demonstrated a wide gap between knowledge, Insecticide-treated mosquito net ownership, and Utilization among the household with children less than 5 years. Therefore, the suggested recommendations arising from this study are for effective case management and control efforts of malaria. One of the strongest weapons in the fight against malaria is the use of insecticide-treated mosquito net while sleeping.
- Published
- 2020
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42. Field Durability of Yorkool®LN Nets in the Benin Republic
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Renaud Govoetchan, Casimir Kpanou, Razaki Ossè, Jean Fortuné Dagnon, Virgile Gnanguenon, Martin Akogbeto, Bruno Akinro, Roseric Azondekon, Filémon Tokponon, kpon, Hermann Sagbohan, Roseline Attolou, Idelphonse Ahogni, Gil Germain Padonou, R. Y. A iuml, A. Agbevo, and Come Z. Koukpo
- Subjects
business.industry ,Mortality rate ,Physical integrity ,location.country ,Frequency of use ,Context (language use) ,General Medicine ,Toxicology ,location ,Community living ,parasitic diseases ,Medicine ,Mosquito net ,business ,Median survival ,Bénin Republic - Abstract
Context: Recent publications on WHO recommended methods for estimating the survival of LLINs are good guidelines for assessing the performance of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). Thus, this field trial study was undertaken to evaluate the durability of the Yorkool® LN mosquito net distributed during the 2017 campaign in Benin. Methods: The monitoring of Yorkool® LN nets was carried out in two districts (Djougou III and Barienou) in Djougou, department of Donga, northern Benin from October 2017 to March 2019. A representative sample of 250 households that had received the Yorkool® LN polyester LLINs during the 2017 campaign was selected in the rural and urban areas of each district and monitored for 6, 12 and 18 months. An evaluation of the survival of Yorkool® LN nets was conducted based on the rate of loss and physical condition of the surviving nets as measured by the proportional hole index (pHI). Finally, the chemical efficacy of these LLINs during each period was determined using the WHO cone tests. Results: Survival of Yorkool® LN nets was similar in both rural and urban areas, although there was a difference in survival between the 6-month (95.3%), 12-month (89.7%), and 18-month follow-up periods (74.4%). A difference in survival was also observed between the NetCalc model (84%) compared to the Yorkool® LN nets of this study (74.4%). The attrition rate was 29.6% for LLINs at 18 months. Surprisingly, the physical integrity of the LLINs was minimally affected in the municipality. Indeed, the proportion of mosquito nets in good condition without a hole was 51.8% compared to 56.8% with a hole after 18 months. Only 7.8% of the LLINs in the two districts were damaged compared to 2.6% which needed to be replaced. The washing frequency, location of the LLINs and the frequency of use are some factors contributing to the appearance of the holes in LLINs. The bio-efficacy results of LLINs based on the cone test were good with mortality rates of 74%, 66%, 72% and 58% respectively after baseline, 6, 12 and 18 months of use. Conclusions: The observed differences in the survival of Yorkool® LN nets are due to community living conditions and movements and not to the equipment used to manufacture LLINs. However, the estimated median survival has shown that Yorkool® LN nets would have an average lifespan of 2 years 8 months despite their fairly good physical condition. These results may be useful to the National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) during the period of replacement of these nets on the field.
- Published
- 2020
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43. A comparative study of poly propylene mesh vs mosquito net mesh in cases of inguinal hernia repair
- Author
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Sharique Nizami
- Subjects
Inguinal hernia ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,medicine ,Mosquito net ,medicine.disease ,business ,Surgery - Published
- 2020
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44. Inventory, description and analysis of fishing gear and techniques used in Lake Ah��m�� and its channels, facing the law on fishing in Benin (West-Africa)
- Author
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Viaho, Christian Comlan, Adandedjan, Delphine, Montcho, Simon Ahouansou, Gbedey, Martin N, and Laleye, Philippe A
- Subjects
Water Bodies ,Biodiversity ,Acadja ,Mosquito net ,Sustainable management ,Diversification ,Ah��m�� Lake - Abstract
Located in the southwest of Benin, the study environment consists of Lake Ah��m��, the Ah�� channel, the Tihimey channel, the coastal lagoons of Grand-Popo and Ouidah. The mouth of Avlo-plage makes the area an Estuarine Lagoon environment rich in ichthyofaunal biodiversity where fishing, the main activity of the populations, is practiced with various gears and techniques which are inventoried and described in this study. The methodological approach adopted revolves around documentary research, field surveys through questionnaires and interviews and direct observations. The people interviewed are made up of fishermen; fish wholesalers; agents specializing in fishery production. The study environment was subdivided into 19 observation stations and the data were collected from January 2018 to December 2019. The gears were illustrated by photos and described according to the results of the documentary research and information received from the fishermen. Their variations according to the bodies of water and the stations were calculated using the Excel 2017 table. The drawn meshes of the nets were measured to the nearest millimeter. The study shows that the inventoried fishing gears and techniques include nets, lines, pots, Acadjas and trap dams (Xhas), categorized into 12 gears and 02 techniques, of which 86% are constant and 14% are accessories. Gbagbaloulou conical nets dominate the gear while the landing net is the least represented. The smallest mesh measured is 2mm, while the largest mesh is 25mm. The fishing gear and techniques used do not ensure rational and sustainable management of fishery resources. Faced with the damage they are causing, the Government proceeded to their systematic removal. Snail farming was initiated to diversify the activities of fishermen.
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- 2021
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45. Mechanical properties of mosquito nets in the context of hernia repair.
- Author
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Ambroziak, Andrzej, Szepietowska, Katarzyna, and Lubowiecka, Izabela
- Subjects
- *
MOSQUITO nets , *MALARIA prevention equipment , *MOSQUITO control equipment , *HERNIA treatment , *MOSQUITO vectors - Abstract
The paper deals with issue of applying mosquito nets as implants in hernia repair, which have already been used in resource-poor developing countries. Uniaxial tensile tests have been conducted on polyester mosquito meshes in two orthogonal directions. Non-linear elastic constitutive laws parameters have been identified to be applied in dense net material models. Mechanical performance of tested mosquito nets has been compared with properties of commercial implants used in treatment of hernia and with properties of human tissue. This study contributes to mechanical knowledge of hernia repair issue by investigation of cheaper alternative to commercial implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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46. Application of mosquito repellent coils and associated self-reported health issues in Ghana.
- Author
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Hogarh, Jonathan N., Antwi-Agyei, Philip, and Obiri-Danso, Kwasi
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- *
INSECT baits & repellents , *INSECT pest control , *MOSQUITOES , *DIPTERA , *ACARTOMYIA - Abstract
Background: The use of mosquito coils has gained widespread patronage in malaria-endemic countries, even though it is not a recommended preventive measure for avoiding mosquitoes. Mosquito coils contain insecticides, which are expected to vaporize slowly once the coil is lit, to provide protection against the mosquito. The mosquito coil base material contains a variety of compounds capable of burning slowly to gradually release the insecticide. The mosquito coil smoke, however, is potentially a source of indoor air pollution with implications for acute respiratory infections (ARI) and other illnesses. The present study investigated the application of mosquito coils and associated self-reported health issues in Ghana. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in which questionnaires were randomly administered to 480 households across four districts in Ghana. Respondents who exclusively applied mosquito coils were grouped as test cohort, while those who did not apply any mosquito repellency method constituted a control cohort. Results: The test group that applied mosquito coils reported malaria incidence rate of 86.3 %. The control group that did not apply any mosquito repellency method reported an incidence rate of malaria at 72.4 %. Chi square analysis suggested that the observed difference was statistically significant (x² = 4.25; p = 0.04). The number of respondents who reported symptoms of cough from mosquito coil application (52.6 % incidence rate) was marginally greater than their counterparts who did not apply coils (46.1 % incidence rate). It was also found that respondents with shortage of breath, which was used as a proxy for ARI, were more likely to have applied mosquito coil. Conclusions: The application of mosquito coils did not necessarily reduce the incidence of malaria in the study communities. It however presented a potential respiratory risk factor, which should be further investigated by critically examining exposure to particulate matter emissions from burning coils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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47. Inguinal Hernia Repair Using Mosquito Net Cloth Instead Of Polypropylene Mesh- A Randomized Controlled Trial
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Goswami, Dr. Sabyasachi and Goswami, Dr. Sabyasachi
- Abstract
Inguinal hernioplasty is the technique of using prosthetic material for repair of inguinal hernia. It is the most common method used for repair of inguinal hernia worldwide. In tension free hernioplasty, instead of suturing anatomic structures that are not in apposition, the entire defect is reinforced by a sheet of mesh. In industrialized and developed countries allopathic meshes are routinely used for inguinal hernia repair. However in under developed and developing countries, they may be quite expensive to a majority of the population. The routine used polypropylene mesh is very costly. Whereas a good quality mosquito net, is very much similar to the synthetic mesh for hernia repair available in the market and is very cheap. The net is made of copolymer of polypropylene and polyethylene and can be sterilized by autoclaving. The present study was undertaken to find out whether mosquito net can be used as an alternative to polypropylene mesh.A prospective study was conducted in the department of General Surgery at M.R.Bangur Hospital, Kolkata. Patients aged between 20 years to 60 years admitted for inguinal was chosen for the study. A total of 60 patients chosen. The data were statistically analyzed for prevalence of hernia among both the sexes, post operative pain, and other post operative complications between the two test groups using Chi-Square tests.So, it was concluded that Polyester mosquito net mesh represents a cost-effective alternative to hernia repair in developing countries, with short term complications like those of polypropylene mesh hernia repair.
- Published
- 2021
48. Rural-urban dimensions of the perception of malaria severity and practice of malaria preventive measures: insight from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey
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Veronica Millicent Dzomeku, Chiagoziem Ogazirilem Emerole, Francis Arthur-Holmes, Jerry John Nutor, Precious Adade Duodu, and Pascal Agbadi
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Mosquito Control ,Nigeria ,symbols.namesake ,Rare Diseases ,Environmental health ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Malaria incidence ,Humans ,Social determinants of health ,Poisson regression ,Social determinants ,Demography ,General Arts ,business.industry ,Incidence ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Nigerians ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Social Sciences ,medicine.disease ,Malaria ,Vector-Borne Diseases ,Good Health and Well Being ,Treated nets ,Infectious Diseases ,Sample size determination ,symbols ,Humanities & Social Sciences ,Health survey ,Mosquito net ,Female ,Perception ,business ,Infection - Abstract
Morbidities and mortalities caused by malaria are still a serious issue in Nigeria, with the country accounting for 25% of malaria morbidities and 24% of malaria mortalities globally in 2018. Treated bed nets reduce the incidence of malaria, but not all Nigerians use them. This study aimed to examine the factors associated with treated bed net usage, including perceived severity of malaria, and the rural–urban differences in the relationship between socio-demographic factors and use of treated bed nets in Nigeria. The analytic sample size comprised 40,693 women aged 15–49 years. Poisson regression and bivariable and multivariable analyses were used to test the study hypothesis that women who agreed that malaria could potentially lead to death would be more likely to adopt malaria preventive measures, including treated bed net use. About 48% of the women slept under a treated mosquito net the night before the survey. Those who perceived that malaria could lead to death had a higher likelihood of using a treated bed net in the urban, rural and combined samples. However, in the multivariable model, the association between perceived malaria severity and use of a treated bed net was only significant for rural women (APR=0.964, 95% CI: 0.933, 0.996). The results unexpectedly suggest that rural Nigerian women who perceive malaria to be severe have a lower likelihood of using treated bed nets. Also, rural–urban variations in the relationship between the socio-demographic variables and use of treated bed nets were observed. Policies should consider the observed rural–urban dichotomy in the influence of perceived severity of malaria and other socio-demographic factors on women’s use of treated bed nets in Nigeria.
- Published
- 2021
49. Efficacy of mosquito nets treated with a pyrethroid-organophosphorous mixture against Kdr- and Kdr+ malaria vectors (Anopheles gambiae)
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Darriet F., Corbel V., and Hougard J.M.
- Subjects
bifenthrin ,chlorpyrifos-methyl ,synergy ,mosquito net ,Anophelesgambiae ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
In order to prevent the resistance of Anopheles gambiae s.l. to pyrethroids from spreading too quickly and to lengthen the effectiveness of insecticide impregnated mosquito nets, it has recently been suggested to use mixtures of insecticides that have different modes of action. This study presents the results obtained with tulle mosquito nets treated with bifenthrin (a pyrethroid] and chlorpyrifos-methyl (an organophosphorous) both separately and in mixture on two strains of An. gambiae, one sensitive to all insecticides, and the other resistant to pyrethroids. The values of KDt50 and KDt95 and the mortality induced with the mixture of bifenthrin (25 mg/m2 ) and chlorpyrifos-methyl (4.5 mg/m2 ) show a significant synergistic effect on the strain of An. gambiae susceptible to insecticides. However, the tested combination does not induce any synergistic effect on the VKPR strain selected with permethrin, but only enhances the effectiveness of the two insecticides taken separately.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The perverse fisheries consequences of mosquito net malaria prophylaxis in East Africa
- Author
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Benjamin L. Jones and Richard K. F. Unsworth
- Subjects
Seagrass fisheries ,0106 biological sciences ,Adolescent ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Fishing ,Fisheries ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Mosquito net fisheries ,parasitic diseases ,Global health ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Environmental Chemistry ,Ecosystem ,Poverty ,Mozambique ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Trophic level ,Biomass (ecology) ,Mosquito Nets ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Bed net fishing ,Comment ,Fishes ,Landing survey ,General Medicine ,Africa, Eastern ,medicine.disease ,Malaria ,Fishery ,Geography ,Sustainability ,Mosquito net ,Research Article - Abstract
Malaria is a serious global health issue, with around 200 million cases per year. As such, great effort has been put into the mass distribution of bed nets as a means of prophylaxis within Africa. Distributed mosquito nets are intended to be used for malaria protection, yet increasing evidence suggests that fishing is a primary use for these nets, providing fresh concerns for already stressed coastal ecosystems. While research documents the scale of mosquito net fisheries globally, no quantitative analysis of their landings exists. The effects of these fisheries on the wider ecosystem assemblages have not previously been examined. In this study, we present the first detailed analysis of the sustainability of these fisheries by examining the diversity, age class, trophic structure and magnitude of biomass removal. Dragnet landings, one of two gear types in which mosquito nets can be utilised, were recorded across ten sites in northern Mozambique where the use of Mosquito nets for fishing is common. Our results indicate a substantial removal of juveniles from coastal seagrass meadows, many of which are commercially important in the region or play important ecological roles. We conclude that the use of mosquito nets for fishing may contribute to food insecurity, greater poverty and the loss of ecosystem functioning.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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