Search

Abstract Background In the present study, we investigated the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cognitive behaviors in female rats with a high-fat diet + streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes. Methods Twenty-four female rats were divided into four groups randomly (n = 6): control (C), control + exercise (Co + EX), diabetes mellitus (type 2) (T2D), and diabetes mellitus + exercise (T2D + EX). Diabetes was induced by a two-month high-fat diet and a single dose of STZ (35 mg/kg) in the T2D and T2D + EX groups. The Co + EX and T2D + EX groups performed HIIT for eight weeks (five sessions per week, running on a treadmill at 80–100% of VMax, 4–10 intervals). Elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field test (OFT) were used for assessing anxiety-like behaviors, and passive avoidance test (PAT) and Morris water maze (MWM) were applied for evaluating learning and memory. The hippocampal levels of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and Tau were also assessed using Western blot. Results An increase in fasting blood glucose (FBG), hippocampal level of Tau, and a decrease in the percentage of open arm time (%OAT) as an index of anxiety-like behavior were seen in the female diabetic rats which could be reversed by HIIT. In addition, T2D led to a significant decrease in rearing and grooming in the OFT. No significant difference among groups was seen for the latency time in the PAT and learning and memory in the MWM. Conclusions HIIT could improve anxiety-like behavior at least in part through changes in hippocampal levels of Tau.

Abstract Adipokines dysregulation, the main reason for cognitive impairments (CI) induced by diabetes, shows a sex-dependent pattern inherently and in response to exercise. This study aimed to compare the attenuating effect of 8-week high intensity-interval training (HIIT) on type 2 diabetes (T2D)-induced CI between male and female rats with a special focus on adiponectin and leptin. 28 male & 28 female Wistar rats with an average age of 8 weeks were randomly assigned into four groups: control (Con), exercise (EX), Diabetes (T2D), and Type 2 diabetes + exercise (T2D + Ex). Rats in EX and T2D + EX groups performed HIIT for eight weeks (80–100% Vmax, 4–10 intervals). T2D was induced by 2 months of a high-fat diet and a single dose of STZ (35 mg/kg) administration. Leptin and adiponectin levels in serum were measured along with hippocampal expression of leptin and adiponectin receptors, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), dephosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (Dep-GSK3β), Tau, and beta-amyloid (Aβ). Homeostasis model assessments (HOMAs) and quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) indices were calculated. Our results showed that following T2D, serum levels of APN, and hippocampal levels of adiponectin receptor 1 (APNR1) were higher and HOMA-IR was lower in female than male rats (P

Introduction: This study was performed to evaluate the effects of low and moderate treadmill exercise for one month on social interaction, anxiety-like behaviors, and spatial learning and memory in male and female autistic rats. Methods: Pregnant rats received valproic acid (VPA) (600 mg/kg/i.p) once on gestational day 12.5 to induce autism-like symptoms in the offspring. After delivery, the offspring were divided into six main groups, each with male and female subgroups: Control (CTL, prenatal normal saline), autism (prenatal VPA), low-intensity training (LIT,normal saline + low treadmill exercise), moderate -intensity training (MIT, normal saline + moderate treadmill exercise), VPA + LIT, and VPA + MIT. On the 60th day, the offspring were tested by the elevated plus maze (EPM), open field test (OFT), social interaction test (SIT), and Morris water maze (MWM). Results: The results showed that both LIT and MIT could partly alleviate anxiety-like behaviors induced by prenatal VPA exposure in two sexes. Social impairment was observed in the autistic rats and was improved by LIT in both sexes and MIT in females. No significant change was seen in the spatial learning and memory of autistic rats by exercise. Conclusion: The findings suggest that treadmill exercise can be helpful for improving some autism-like behaviors. Further studies are needed to investigate the involved mechanisms.

Location of health care uses in urban areas, especially pharmacies, should be such that everyone has easy access to them, because on the one hand, proper access to health services has played an important role in promoting health, safety and peace of mind in the community. On the other hand, it is an important indicator for the realization of social justice. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to locate pharmacies and its optimal spatial distribution in the city of Sirjan in order to provide optimal access to citizens. Descriptive-analytical research method was used to conduct this study. The method of collecting documentary information has been library and field. ArcGIS analyzer software and AHP hierarchical method have been used to locate pharmacies and its optimal spatial distribution in Sirjan in order to provide optimal access to citizens. The results of this study showed that according to the standards and population of Sirjan city, 25 daily pharmacies are needed in Sirjan city and 9 new daily pharmacies should be built in suitable proposed places. In this regard, the results of zoning Suitable places for the construction of a pharmacy in the city of Sirjan showed that about 10% of the area of ​​the city of Sirjan has a very good potential and about 30% has a good potential for the construction of a pharmacy in the city, which offers 1 place in the first and 8 proposed places in the two urban areas of Sirjan were addressed according to the required criteria and shortcomings.

Background: Academic underachievement is a growing phenomenon among medical students, influenced by several factors.Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between academic underachievement and problematic cell phone use among medical students at Kerman University of Medical Sciences.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 medical students at KUMS during the academic year 2019. The Persian version of Problematic Cellular Phone Use Questionnaire was used for data collection. Also, the demographic data of the students were recorded, and they were asked to declare if they had a history of academic underachievement in the previous year. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 20.0 using Chi-square test and logistic regression.Results: The mean age of medical students was 22.41±2.6 years, and the majority (74.3 %) of them were female. The chance of academic underachievement was 6.37 times higher in medical students who have problematic cellular phone use compared to those without it (OR=6.37, P=0.001). Also, this chance was 4.45 times higher in medical students who had a history of psychological disorders compared to those without (OR=4.45, P=0.02).Conclusion: The current study revealed that the chance of academic underachievement was higher in medical students with problematic cellular phone use and a history of psychological disorders. Given that academic underachievement is not uncommon, its related factors must be appropriately identified and intervened on time.

For the first time, the present work assesses the feasibility of using Korean red ginseng root extract, a non-ionic surfactant, for the purposes of enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The surfactant is characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. Pendant drop and sessile drop techniques are employed to study the oil–water interfacial tension (IFT) and wettability nature of the sandstone rock, respectively. In addition, oil recovery enhancement is investigated using micromodel and core floods. In the salt-free system, IFT measurements indicate that the surfactant carries a critical micelle concentration of 5 g/L. In a saline medium (up to 50 g/L), the addition of a surfactant with different concentrations leads to an IFT reduction of 47.28–84.21%. In a constant surfactant concentration, a contact angle reduction is observed in the range of 5.61–9.30°, depending on salinity rate, revealing a wettability alteration toward more water-wet. Surfactant flooding in the glass micromodel provides a more uniform sweeping, which leads to an oil recovery enhancement of 3.02–11.19%, depending on the extent of salinity. An optimal salt concentration equal to 30 g/L can be recognized according to the results of previous tests. Surfactant flooding (10 g/L) in optimal salt concentration achieves an additional oil recovery of 7.52% after conventional water flooding.

Fluid invasion from water-based drilling mud (WBDM) into the shale formations causes swelling, high pressure zone near the wellbore wall, and eventually wellbore instability problems during drilling operations. For the stability of the wellbore, physical plugging of nanoscale pore throats could be considered as a logical approach toward avoiding the fluid invasion into the shale formation. This paper reports the effect of silica nanoparticles (NPs) as a physical sealing agent on the water invasion into Kazhdumi shale. To this end, pressure penetration apparatus was implemented. Typical WBDM in contact with Kazhdumi shale at different concentrations of NPs with different sizes was studied. The results indicated that the addition of NPs to the WBDM decreased water invasion into Kazhdumi shale. WBDM having 10 wt.% of 25 nm NPs reduced fluid invasion up to 72.76%.

Background: The prevalence and etiology of infertility are not similar in different parts of the world. There are only few reports of this topic in Iran.Objective: This study was conducted to determine the clinical patterns and major causes of infertility in Mazandaran province in north of Iran.Materials and Methods: The medical records of 3734 consecutive couples attending two infertility clinics in Mazandaran province, from 2003 to 2008, were reviewed. The couples had not had a viable birth after at least 1 year of unprotected intercourse and were fully investigated.Results: Of the entire samples, 78.7% had primary infertility and 21.3% had secondary infertility. The mean duration of infertility in couples was 5.7±4 years. The etiology of infertility in couples revealed; male factor in 38.9%, female factor in 34.7%, combined factors in 14.6% and undetermined cause in 11.8%.Conclusion: In this study, delayed attendance of infertile couples to the infertility clinic was found. Therefore, there is a need to revise public health program on infertility to focus on the education and prevention of infertility and its risk factors.

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) is one of the most common cause of infertility in women. clomiphene is the first line of treatment. however 20% of patients are resistant to clomiphene. because of follicular hypersensitivity to gonadotropins in pcod, multiple follicular growth and development occurs which is cause of OHSS and multiple pregnancy. Our aim of this random and clinical study was comparation between step-down and low dose step-up methods for induction ovulation in clomiphene resistant. Methods: 60 cases were included 30 women in low-dose step-up group and 30 women in step-down group. In low-dose step-up HMG 75u/d and in step-down HMG 225u/d was started on 3th days of cycle, monitoring with vaginal sonography was done on 8th days of cycle. When follicle with>14 mm in diameter was seen HMG dose was continued in low-dose step-up and was decreased in step-down group. When follicle reached to 18mm in diameter, amp HCG 10000 unit was injected and IUI was performed 36 hours later. Results: Number of HMG ampules, number of follicles> 14mm on the day of HCG injection and level of serum estradiol was greater in low dose step up protocol than step down protocol(p

Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Chlamydia serology as a screening test for tubal infertility and to compare the results with hysterosalpingography (HSG) and laparoscopic findings. Materials and methods This was a cross-sectional study undertaken on 110 infertile women treated in the IVF Ward, at Emam Khomeini Hospital, Sari, Iran who underwent laparoscopy and HSG as part of their infertility workup. Prior to laparoscopy, 5 ml of venous blood was drawn for measurement of serum Chlamydia IgG antibody titer (CAT). Patients’ tubal status and pelvic findings were compared with CAT, as measured by microimmunofluorescence. Results Tuboperitoneal abnormalities were seen in 81.4% of seropositive patients versus 13.2% of women who were seronegative. In women with tubal damage, the numbers of positive CATs (≥1:32) were significantly more than in those who had a normal pelvis (66.6% vs. 6.5%, p

AbstractBackground and Purpose: Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy disorder which increases maternal and pre-natal morbidity and mortality. The incidence is about 5% and is influenced by pariety, genetic background, and environmental factors. At present, the sole treatment is termination. It is suitable to use antioxidants for pre-eclampsia prevention. The aim of this study is to measure the maternal serum ceruloplasmin and evaluation of changes presented in pre-eclamptic women VS. Non pre-eclamptic ones.Materials and Methods: This study is executed in a case-control method. 100 cases were selected through pregnant women bedridden from obstetrics-gynecologic and maternity ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari. After examination of exclusion criteria in each case and receiving consent, information was entered in the questionnaire. Venous blood samples were sent to laboratory to measure ceruloplasmin. Data was analyzed by independent t-test.Results: The gestational age means in case and control groups were serially 36.01 ± 2.90 and 37.86 ± 2.82 weeks. The mean for systolic blood pressure for these two groups were serially 153.40 ± 12.22 and 112.5 ± 8.90 mm Hg. The average amount of serum ceruloplasmin in case group was significantly more than control group. 63.3% of women in the case group were in early pre-eclamptic phase and 36.7% of them were in late phase. 22% of women in this group had a history of pre-eclampsia in previous pregnancies and 16% additionally had a history of hypertension before pregnancy. 92% of women in the case group had an extra normal serum ceruloplasmin, while in the control group the number was 42%.Conclusion: The variables of Body mass Index, Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure and ceruloplasmin showed a significant difference between case and control groups. The history of pre- eclampsia and hypertension were effective on the appearance of pre-eclampsia and increased in serum ceruloplasmin, can be considered as an early sign, while having a correlation with pre-eclampsia severity. J Mazand Univ Med Sci 2008; 18(65):34-41 (Persian)

AbstractBackground and purpose: Most women consider menopausal symptoms as natural period in their life. Many of them experienced some problems before and after the condition. There are many side effects of hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms.In different regions with various diet regimens, menopausal symptoms are different. Glycyhrhza glabra has constituents with estrogen like activity. In this study for the first time aqueous Glycyrrhza glabra extract was evaluated for decreasing menopausal symptoms.Materials and Methods: Aqueous Glycyrrhza glabra extract prepared by maceration method. The extract was concentrated and then powdered. The powder used as 250 mg capsule and standardized by glycyrrhizha content. After matching for age, menopausal age and BMI, 29 and 24 women were allocated in case and control groups respectively. Three 250 mg capsules were prescribed per day to women in case group and women in control group received placebo. The mean number of hot flashes and degree of menopausal symptoms, KI (Kupperman Index) were calculated every two weeks and classified as; without symptom, weak, medium and severs. Data were analyzed using T-test and the effects of drug on hot flash and KI were assessed in different weeks.Results: The mean age and menopausal age were 50.5 ± and 48± respectively. Results showed that the mean numbers of hot flashes, KI and FSH decreased significantly in case group but they were not significant in control group. Also estradiol hormone increased significantly in case group.Conclusion: Aqueous Glycyrrhza glabra affects hot flash and KI and is a simple and cheap drug for menopausal symptoms without any side effects.

Abstract Cystic mesotheloma is an uncommon lesion of the peritoneum occurring predominantly in women of reproductive age. The case was a 21 years girl presented with 4 years history of mild abdominal distension and periodic pain. The results of the clinical examinations were normal. Sonography and CT scan confirmed gross ascites. The results of paraclinical tests were normal without any positive findings for etiology of ascites. During laparoscopy multiple transparent cysts were found in pelvic and culdesac. All cysts were removed by laparoscopy. Histology confirmed benign cystic mesotheloma. Reviewing the records revealved that this case is the second case of mesothelial cysts that presented with ascites.

Background and purpose: Infertility is a common problem in all connunities. Between 8 to 12 percent of couples around the world have difficulties conceiving a child. Cultural, Socioeconomic and environmental factors play major roles in the etiology of infertility. The objective of this study was to estimate and analyse the causes of infertility in patients attending the infertility clinic.Materials and methods: The medical records of 657 infertile couples attending Imam infertility clinic, Sari, Iran from October 2002 to October 2004 were reviewed. The evaluation protocol include menstrual obstetric and sexual history, sex hormone profile, tubal patency and semen analysis.Results: The mean duration of infertility of couples was 5.7 years. The mean age of male and female partners were 33 and 29 years respectively. About 23.5% of the couples had secondary infertility. The etiology of infertility revealed a female factor in 37.6%, a male factor in 31.1%, combined factors in 17.2% and undetermined causes in 14.2% of the cases. Anovulation and semen factor were the most common identifiable etiologic factors in female and male partners repectively.Conclusion : The etiology of infertility revealed a simi lar spectrum of causes as found in other studies. However, ovulatory failure was higher comparing to some other studies.