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A neutral polysaccharide MP-1 was isolated and purified from Mosla chinensis Maxim. cv. Jiangxiangru. The average molecular weight was 587.53 kDa and it was composed of glucose, galactose, arabinose, mannose and rhamnose in a molar ratio of 16.02:10.01:4.92:4.62:2.23, and trace of fucose. Partial characterization of MP-1 was elucidated by methylation analysis. MP-1 was composed of 1,4-Glcp (31.76%), followed by 1,2-Rhap (17.11%), 1,2,4-Rhap (6.47%), 1,3,4-Galp (5.05%), 1,4-Manp (3.61%), 1,2,4-Manp (2.55%), 1,5-Araf (3.10%) and 1,4,6-Glcp (1.53%). The branching points were located at O-2, O-4 or O-6 with α-Araf (4.01%), α-Rhap (4.31%), α-Fucp (2.39%), β-Galp (11.02%) and β-Glcp (4.04%) as terminal residues. MP-1 exhibited a dose-dependent enhancement in antioxidant assays in this study. Immunomodulatory effects of MP-1 were assessed by splenocyte proliferation test and nitric oxide production of mouse peritoneal macrophages.

Flavonoids from plants always show a wide range of biological activities. In this present study, total flavonoids were first extracted with 60% ethanol from the whole plant of Mosla chinensis Maxim. cv. Jiangxiangru. Then the 60% ethanol extract was concentrated and re-extracted with petroleum ether (PEE), ethyl acetate (EAE) and water-saturated n-butanol (WSBE) successively, and component remaining in the water phase was named WPE. Among them, EAE containing a total flavonoids content of 703.8 ± 5.1 mg RE/g DW, exhibited the strongest antioxidant activities in ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and β -carotene bleaching tests. In addition, EAE also possessed the highest antimicrobial activity against Rhizopus oryzae among seven selected microorganisms, with an inhibition zone diameter of 13.7 ± 2.4 mm at 100 mg/mL. Caffeic acid, quercetin-3- O -glucoside (galactoside) and luteolin-4′,7-dimethyl ether-5- O -xyloside were identified by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) method. These results illuminated a potential market role for Mosla chinensis Maxim. cv. Jiangxiangru as a functional food ingredient or nutraceutical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] A pectic polysaccharide was purified from Mosla chinensis Maxim. cv. Jiangxiangru. [•] Structural characterization of MP-A40 was elucidated by methylation and 1D/2D NMR. [•] The backbone of MP-A40 was 1,4-linked α-d-GalpA and 1,4-linked α-d-GalpA6Me (32%). [•] MP-A40 could inhibit the growth of K562 cells. [•] MP-A40 increased production of NO from RAW264.7 in a dose-dependent manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] A neutral polysaccharide MP-1 was purified from Mosla chinensis Maxim. cv. Jiangxiangru. [•] The average molecular weight and monosaccharide of MP-1 composition was detected. [•] Partial structural characterizations of MP-1 were elucidated by methylation analysis. [•] MP-1 exhibited a dose-dependent enhancement in antioxidant assays in this study. [•] Immunomodulatory effects of MP-1 were assessed in vitro. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Mosla chinensis Maxim. cv. Jiangxiangru (JXR), a traditional Chinese medicine, commonly used for the therapy of cold, fever, diarrhea, digestive disorders, and other diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder of the human gastrointestinal tract. Research about the effect of JXR on IBD and the active ingredient composition of JXR remains deficiency.Purpose: This study aims to determine the phytochemical composition and the anti-inflammatory property of JXR, as well as the possible anti-inflammatory mechanisms.Methods: The bioactive profile of JXR extracts was determined by UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS. A DSS induced colitis mouse model was applied to explore the anti-inflammatory activity of JXR. The body weight, colon length and histopathological status of colon tissue were evaluated. The content of inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)), corresponding mRNA and protein expression levels were analyzed. Oxidation pressure and gut microbial composition were also explored.Results: Totally 63 constitutes were identified from JXR, among them, phenolic acids and flavonoids comprised a large part, and rosmarinic acid (RA) was the main compound. The results of DSS-induced colitis mice model indicated that JXR effectively ameliorated inflammation, restore the redox balance in the gut. JXR treatment significantly reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased the activity of antioxidative enzyme, suppressed the secretion of inflammatory mediators (NO, PGE2) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β). JXR also restrained the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathway. Furthermore, JXR could restore the microbial diversity by suppressing Bacteroidaceae, increasing Bifidobacteriales and Melainabacteria in DSS colitis mouse model.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that JXR composed with various bioactive compounds, effectively ameliorated colitis, restored the redox balance and regulated gut microbiota. Results from the present study provide an insight of therapeutic potential of JXR in IBD based on its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, also provide a scientific basis for using JXR as a functional ingredient to promote colon health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]