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Shape analysis of stains has always been challenging and inaccurate, especially for sharp impact angles. To compensate for this inaccuracy, this research introduces three new equations for the shape analysis of stains on inclined surfaces. The first equation is formulated based on the conservation of energy for elliptical stains leading to a formula based on equivalent diameter. The second equation deals with stains' width and is derived based on a droplets' lateral spread into a hypothetical circle. Furthermore, an improved version of this equation is derived and experimentally validated. All equations showed superior accuracies over several other existing models, and the errors associated to the first, second and the improved (third) equations were 6%, 11.4% and 3.7%, respectively. The high accuracy of the first equation is due to the use of realistic elliptical shapes, and the accurate results of the third equation imply that there must be a valid physical meaning behind the hypothetical circle. These can also be interesting areas for future investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research intends to investigate the effects of a new intraoral device, VomPress, combined with a Right Angle Maxillary Protraction Appliance (RAMPA) extraoral device on the treatment of maxillary hypoplasia. To this end, finite element (FE) method has been employed and a skull model, including all sutures, has been investigated. In addition, the effects of VomPress combined with RAMPA on a seven-year-old girl with the malocclusion and other side problems were monitored. The results of both FE simulations and the clinical data revealed that VomPress combined with RAMPA effectively improved the malocclusion and straight neck problem by creating more space in the patient's mouth and anterosuperior protraction effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new flow control approach called split blade is applied on the S809 airfoil in the present study. S809 airfoil was investigated experimentally and numerically with different operating conditions including cascade without control, cascade with slots that generate jets with AOAs of 0 degrees, 10 degrees, 15 degrees and 20 degrees. Good agreement was obtained between the comparison of the experimental and numerical results. The results show that the separation area increases with increase of the AOA and the large separation area appears on the airfoil suction surface at AOA equal to 20 degrees. Numerical results show that the control method has little negative influence on the airfoil performance at small AOAs. Smaller vortices are filled with the large separated area which is divided by the jet generated by split when the AOA is 20 degrees. The analysis on the lift coefficient and drag coefficient shows that the flow is improved with the control. The lift coefficient and drag coefficient do not change in the comparison between the cases before and after control when AOA is 0 degrees and 10 degrees. However, the lift coefficient increases and drag coefficient decreases when AOA is 15 degrees and 20 degrees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]