Search

Previous research has extensively analysed teachers' and students' Facebook use for instructional engagement, writing, research dissemination and e-learning. However, Facebook as a data collection mechanism for research has scarcely been the subject of previous studies. The current study addressed these gaps by analysing students' awareness, willingness, and utilisation of Facebook for research data collection [RDC]. This study aimed to predict students' Facebook use for research data collection based on their awareness and willingness and to determine age and gender differences in such predictions. A sample of 11,562 students of tertiary institutions participated in an online survey. The researchers designed and validated the online survey. Exploratory Factor Analysis was used for dimensionality. Average Variance Extracted [AVE] was used for convergent validity, whilst the Fornel-Larcker criterion and Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio were used for discriminant validity. Composite reliability indices of 0.97, 0.94 and 0.90 proved the instrument's three sub-scales usable. One sample t-test and multigroup analysis were conducted using SPSS 27 and Smart PLS 3. The study found high awareness but low usage of Facebook for RDC among Nigerian university students. Younger and male students showed higher willingness and actual use of Facebook for RDC. Awareness directly impacted by awareness, and acted as Facebook usage for RDC, with stronger impacts for males and students aged 19 to 28. Willingness was positively impacted and acted as a negative mediator between awareness and usage for some age groups and genders. These findings provide important insights into using Facebook for RDC among students in Nigerian universities and highlight the need to consider the impact of demographic factors such as age and gender when promoting social media platforms for academic purposes.

Background: Dyslexia is a learning disability that affects children of school-going age and exists in all cultures and backgrounds. Dyslexic children are deficient in phonological awareness, which makes the children to fail to attain the skills of reading, writing and spelling commensurate with their intellectual abilities. Inadequate knowledge about the nature of dyslexia by primary school teachers results in poor categorisation of at-risk children. Aim: This study sought to achieve two objectives. The first was to develop and validate the Teachers Awareness Questionnaire (TAQ), while the second goal was to use the validated TAQ to assess primary school teachers' level of awareness about dyslexia. Setting: Primary school teachers in Nsukka and nearby rural communities filled the TAQ and the Scale of Knowledge and belief about Developmental Dyslexia. Nsukka is called the university town and it is a slow-paced environment that is devoid of the usual hustle and bustle of most major towns in Nigeria. Methods: The cross-sectional design was employed to gather data for the measurement process. Data were analysed using bivariate correlations and descriptive statistics. Results: The TAQ has good internal consistency (r = 0.77) and an adequate convergent validity (r = 0.74, p < 0.01). Results also reveal that primary school teachers possessed low level of awareness about dyslexia. Conclusion: The study findings show that primary school teachers in Nigeria lack the requisite knowledge about dyslexia. The study suggests psycho-education for primary school teachers to empower them with information about the condition. Contribution: This study measured primary school teachers' level of awareness about dyslexia. The results showed that primary school teachers' awareness about dyslexia is poor, and this suggests that the use of labels (e.g., dullard) by some primary school teachers to describe their pupils may be incorrect. The study recommend to School Management Boards to take action to improve the teachers level of awareness about dyslexia, which would promote early identification of dyslexic pupils and possible intervention.

Abstract Future revolution in photovoltaics will be hinged mainly on cost, health implication, and material stability and performance. Based on these criteria, lead-based inorganic photovoltaics, organic–inorganic hybrid, and silicon photovoltaics are screened-out. According to the literature, the lead-free inorganic perovskite solar cell is favorably disposed to cost and safe-health. However, the simultaneous solution to material stability, high defect density, and low power conversion efficiency (PCE) still remains a mystery that has not been solved. This research proposed the green-based modifiable CaZnBr4 as a potential candidate for lead-free solar cell application based on the principle of A-site cation with green-based additive incorporation. The green-based additive was obtained from Kola Nitida, Carica Papaya, Ficus Exasperata, and Musa paradisiaca. The elemental characterization of the green-based additives was performed using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). The optical, crystalline, and electronic properties were characterized using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, Quantum Espresso, scanning electron microscopy and SCAPS-1D. The green-base-modified CaZnBr4 showed significant PCE improvement by 3% with significant film and crystallinity formation. The stressed state of the parent compound CaZnBr4 shows that it may be better suited for thermovoltaics application. It is recommended that better results could be obtained when different synthetic routes and green-based additives are used to initiate the defect passivation protocols.

Previous research has extensively analysed teachers' and students' Facebook use for instructional engagement, writing, research dissemination and e-learning. However, Facebook as a data collection mechanism for research has scarcely been the subject of previous studies. The current study addressed these gaps by analysing students' awareness, willingness, and utilisation of Facebook for research data collection [RDC]. This study aimed to predict students’ Facebook use for research data collection based on their awareness and willingness and to determine age and gender differences in such predictions. A sample of 11,562 students of tertiary institutions participated in an online survey. The researchers designed and validated the online survey. Exploratory Factor Analysis was used for dimensionality. Average Variance Extracted [AVE] was used for convergent validity, whilst the Fornel-Larcker criterion and Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio were used for discriminant validity. Composite reliability indices of .97, .94 and .90 proved the instrument’s three sub-scales usable. One sample t-test and multigroup analysis were conducted using SPSS 27 and Smart PLS 3. The study found high awareness but low usage of Facebook for RDC among Nigerian university students. Younger and male students showed higher willingness and actual use of Facebook for RDC. Awareness directly impacted by awareness, and acted as Facebook usage for RDC, with stronger impacts for males and students aged 19 to 28. Willingness was positively impacted and acted as a negative mediator between awareness and usage for some age groups and genders. These findings provide important insights into using Facebook for RDC among students in Nigerian universities and highlight the need to consider the impact of demographic factors such as age and gender when promoting social media platforms for academic purposes.

The efficiencies of lead-based inorganic and organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have been approaching 25% in recent years. Their major challenges include instability problems and their possible long term health hazards. In response to this, there has been a growth in research into lead-free inorganic perovskites. This research proposed that structural modifications of perovskite using copper and silver dopants be used as a unique technique for enhancing the efficiency of novel NaZnBr3. The optical, microstructural, electronic, and crystalline characterization was carried out using Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–VIS) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), SCAPS-1D, and X-ray Diffractometry (XRD) respectively. NaZnBr3 had an efficiency of 0.88% at 100μm, with a band gap of 3.1 eV. This efficiency improves to 9.33% with silver additive with a bandgap of 1.65 eV. Pure NaZnBr3 is found to be a p–n type semiconductor via its flat band potential, while doped NaZnBr3 are shown to be p-type semiconductors. Silver is concluded to be the better dopant, although both dopants increased the efficiency and show higher doping densities and external quantum efficiencies than pure NaZnBr3. It was reported that the crystallographic and microstructural structure of the perovskite plays a significant role in the optimization or modification of the efficiency of the novel NaZnBr3 perovskite. It is recommended that NaZnBr3 be researched further using different synthetic routes and experimental electronic measurement.

The purpose of this research is to experimentally test the thermo physical properties of the corn cob ash nanofluid as a heat transfer fluid. The experimental procedure involve in preparation of extraction of silica nanoparticles from corn cob ash agro-waste and its performance evaluations. The results obtained from the EDS test shows the dominant constituents of corn cob to be Silica, Oxygen, Aluminium, and Calcium with the highest concentrations of 40.20%, 20.20%, 15.65%, and 10.40% respectively. However, with the use of the chemical synthesis method, silica nanoparticle powder made from corn cob ash was produced (CCA). The generated silica particles ranged in size from 10 to 28 nm, with an average diameter well inside the nanometre range at 18.585 nm. The combination of 'Water, Coolant and Nanofluid (0.0015% Concentration)' gives the maximum heat transfer rate, demonstrating that it is the greatest cooling fluid out of the all the coolants that were experimented. Conclusively, this cooling fluid with the highest rate of heat transfer, 'Water + Coolant + Nanofluid (0.0015% Concentration)', would increase the performance of the car engine cooling system, thereby resulting in less fuel consumption and making it more economically efficient for general uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A teacher who is stressed out, stresses out his student who in turn, behave differently (usually worse) and consequently produce more stress for the teacher. This study on Stress management and teachers' productivity was carried out in Momo Division North West Region of Cameroon. The aim was to find out the extent to which the teachers' acceptance of their stress, modification of teacher' behaviour and the way teachers' communicate with students and staff influence their productivity. To this effect, three (03) research questions and three (03) hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The survey sampled the opinion of 150 teachers randomly selected from secondary schools but stratified into the five sub-divisions of Momo Division. A self-constructed 22-item questionnaire was used to collect data. The collected data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Precisely, both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to answer research questions and verify hypotheses respectively. Specifically, percentages, frequencies and Chi-Square were used at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that there exists a significantly positive relationship between the teachers' acceptance of their stress and their productivity; there exists a significantly positive relationship between modification of teacher's behaviour and their productivity; and that there is a significantly positive relationship between the way teachers communicate with students and staff and their productivity. It was recommended amongst others that teachers should have physical activities regularly, be positive and communicate with others in order to reduce stress.

Background: Dyslexia is a learning disability that affects children of school-going age and exists in all cultures and backgrounds. Dyslexic children are deficient in phonological awareness, which makes the children to fail to attain the skills of reading, writing and spelling commensurate with their intellectual abilities. Inadequate knowledge about the nature of dyslexia by primary school teachers results in poor categorisation of at-risk children. Aim: This study sought to achieve two objectives. The first was to develop and validate the Teachers Awareness Questionnaire (TAQ), while the second goal was to use the validated TAQ to assess primary school teachers’ level of awareness about dyslexia. Setting: Primary school teachers in Nsukka and nearby rural communities filled the TAQ and the Scale of Knowledge and belief about Developmental Dyslexia. Nsukka is called the university town and it is a slow-paced environment that is devoid of the usual hustle and bustle of most major towns in Nigeria. Methods: The cross-sectional design was employed to gather data for the measurement process. Data were analysed using bivariate correlations and descriptive statistics. Results: The TAQ has good internal consistency (r = 0.77) and an adequate convergent validity (r = 0.74, p 0.01). Results also reveal that primary school teachers possessed low level of awareness about dyslexia. Conclusion: The study findings show that primary school teachers in Nigeria lack the requisite knowledge about dyslexia. The study suggests psycho-education for primary school teachers to empower them with information about the condition. Contribution: This study measured primary school teachers’ level of awareness about dyslexia. The results showed that primary school teachers’ awareness about dyslexia is poor, and this suggests that the use of labels (e.g., dullard) by some primary school teachers to describe their pupils may be incorrect. The study recommend to School Management Boards to take action to improve the teachers level of awareness about dyslexia, which would promote early identification of dyslexic pupils and possible intervention.

Pollution generated by solid waste has become a massive source of concern worldwide as the amount of waste being generated has become overwhelming. Waste paper contributes significantly to the overall solid municipal waste being generated daily and with control methods that are equally bad for the environment or just plain ineffective; better, effective, and environmentally friendly control solutions are required. This study reviews the use of various microorganisms as they aid in the control of waste papers in an environmentally conscious way. In addition to being an environmentally friendly solution to the issue of solid waste paper pollution, it is also a prominent source of renewable energy in the conversion of paper into fermentable sugars for the production of bio-ethanol. This review examines the vital revolution in the enzymatic hydrolysis of paper to sugar. Salient challenges that involve bioconversion were highlighted and a few solutions were suggested.

This study was designed to investigate the validity of the stress complexity model (SCM) to teaching and learning of school physics in Abuja municipal area council of Abuja, North. About two hundred students were randomly selected by a simple random sampling technique from some schools within the Abuja municipal area council. A survey research design was used which centered on the students perception only. The data collected were analyzed using Pearson product moment correlation, standard deviation and behavioral complexity model. The findings of the study revealed that psychosocial stress emanating from the classrooms in developing country yields higher negative feedbacks than positive feedbacks.

Enhanced oil recovery techniques are deployed to subsequently improve oil production having already employed primary or secondary recovery techniques or both methods simultaneously. Literature have shown that salinity impacts on oil recovery due to wettability alteration, but grain size which is closely related to the mechanical behavior and petrographical properties is also one of the main parameters controlling the phenomenon. There is need to investigate the effect of these two parameters in oil recovery. This study considered the effects of water salinity in the range of 0 to 20,000 ppm and sand grains of 45 to 300 µm on oil recovery. Flooding experiments and statistical analyses of the designed experiment was used to determine the residual oil saturation. The properties of sand samples such as bulk and pore volumes, porosity as well as, wet and dry weight for the various groups were also analyzed. Gauss-Newton algorithm with Levenberg-Marquardt modifications were the numerical scheme executed in MATLAB to formulate residual oil saturation model. The optimum percentage recovery for the core flooding experiment in each groups are 82.4%, 81.1%, 79.4%, 81.1% and 78.8% for A4, B4, C4, D4 and E5 respectively. Based on the experimental results, the 300 µm sand grains and salt concentration of 15,000 ppm should be used for operations in this reservoirs because, those conditions guarantee oil recovery as high as 82%. High oil recoveries correspond to low residual oil saturation and vice-versa. The recovered residual oil percentage had no direct correlations with the net dry and wet weights of the samples. The 45-micron grains had the least pore volume and it was observed that the percentage recoveries had no direct correlations with the core sample weights. During validation of the formulated residual oil saturation model, the model gave a good prediction of the experimental data within the 95% confidence interval, and from the statistical analyses, residual oil saturation decreased with decrease in water salinity. Thus, the larger the size of a grain, the lower its superficial area exposed to the wetting and non-wetting fluids which subsequently impacts on oil recovery.

Abstract It has been proposed that providing energy for cooking and lighting would solve over 65% of energy needs in rural communities. The use of biomass resources has been found not sustainable as other bioproducts such as biodiesel and bioethanol depend on it. More so that there is a depletion of bioresources in some parts of the world. The shift into animal waste such as poultry droppings and cattle dung has huge prospects, but it is not sustainable in the long term as rural farmers depend on it. The use of human excreta is the most available and sustainable due to the human population. This research aims to provide a workable blueprint of biogas production to meet energy needs. The research considers a laboratory‐scale experiment whose result is used to project the medium‐scale biodigester. Microbial culturing from human waste is used to initiate the codigestion of human excreta and powdered chicken feathers. It is observed that this procedure drastically reduces the high nitrogen content in the biogas and improves its methane and carbon dioxide content. It is observed that the scaled‐up biodigester in a worst case scenario can function at 67%. Design parameters are documented for the onward adoption of the technique.

This research is an initiative to improve the standard of living of rural dwellers and deprived settlements in a semi-urban location where epileptic power supply is predominant. The study is aimed at evaluating battery performance for the construction of a solar-powered mobile charger aimed at improving a steady power supply for electronic devices (phones, tablets, etc.), given the high and increased dependence on such devices in recent times. The solar-powered mobile charger was tested using various batteries available in the Nigerian market to determine the cheapest and most effective device to help rural dwellers. The constructed device was tested via its output voltage, current, time, and temperature. The results were subjected to further analysis by using Matlab and PVeducaction software for presentation and interpretation. The results of the analysis showed an efficiency value of seventy percent (70%) and a standard nominal voltage reading between 3.7 and 4.2 volts (V). The performance of the four batteries used affirmed its basic findings, however, Nickel-Metal Hydride (Ni-MH) batteries and Lithium-ion (Li-ion) metal (Ni-MH) batteries showed stability among the batterires used. The study recommends the commercialization phase of the construction to improve the living standards of rural dwellers and deprived settlements in a semi-urban location.

Biogas has been noted as a steady rising source of sustainable energy, but very few are aware of its innate potential and how to efficiently harness its energy. So far, issues of sustainability have been solved via the use of human waste, which can never be depleted. The commercialization and adaptability of biogas from human waste depend on the adoption of the usual septic tank and an efficient technology to enhance biogas quality. In this project, the design and construction of an efficient biogas compression system were proposed. This system is meant to compress the biogas for storage and commercial activity. It was observed that the extraction and enhancement chambers of the construction had >60% improvement. It is recommended that further work be carried out on the full automation of the system proposed.

The dynamic nature of the population makes it necessary to have reliable and updated data on the human foot dimensions. Many factors are responsible for the different forms and structures of the human foot, such as age, gender, nutrition, and genetic composition, among others. This study was carried out to optimize and analyse the various foot dimensions of the female subjects. A total of 200 female subjects participated willingly in the study, and 27-foot measurements were obtained. The results revealed the mean foot length to be 24.7cm with an SD of 1.2 while the mean foot breadth was obtained as 9.3cm having an SD of 0.6cm. The mean obtained was 58.7kg having a standard deviation of 12.5. From the findings, it can be concluded that a statistically significant correlation exists between foot length and body weight (p

This paper provided an overview of material removal processes and their industrial applications. Materials perform very important functions industrially owing to their mechanical properties and nature. The essence of material removal processes is to formulate the structural features required for a product to perform to the specification of its intended applications. Unfinished castings can be modified through the removal of materials to make them meet design requirements and also a group of shaping processes that involve removing unwanted surplus material from a starting workpiece to bring the remaining piece closer to the desired shape. Additionally, selective material removal can be used to transform generic castings into one-of-a-kind finished goods. Common castings can have unique hold patterns, flanges eliminated, wall thicknesses decreased, surfaces flattened, and other design characteristics added by removing unneeded material, resulting in distinctively diverse final products. In contrast, casting and molding operations are frequently substituted with material removal techniques. Materials removal may end up being the sole viable option when the issues related to cast form processing concerns become overwhelming (often based on cost-effectiveness).

Numerous advantages of nanotechnology depend on its capacity to modify materials at incredibly small scales to attain certain features that would significantly improve the materials science toolset. Considering the molecules and interacting groups of molecules in connection to the bulk macroscopic qualities of the material becomes necessary when controlling the underlying molecular structure, which provides control over the macroscopic chemical and physical properties. Physiological and medical applications necessitate both materials apparatus with a high degree of specificity to communicate with the body on a molecular (or subcellular) level. This may result in specialized clinical uses for cells and tissues that aim to acquire the most therapeutic results possible while limiting negative effects. The applications and main scientific and technological facets of nanotechnology are explained in this overview, along with some of its potential medical uses

The use and effects of tribology in the field of energy are the subjects of this term paper. By calculating how energy use, economic output, and pollutants are all impacted by friction and wear, it discusses how tribology can be used to reduce the amount of unnecessary energy used by mechanisms, which is important in reducing the number of emissions produced by different industries. In turn, this enables industries including transportation, energy, mining, and paper production to reduce their overall energy use and emissions. Additionally, since the effect of friction cannot be directly estimated in the mining industry since it is less developed, we analyze the effect of wear in the mining industry by computing the friction loss as a component of the overall energy consumption looking at the downtime in materials, the overall number of mines in the world, the quantity of energy used the mining and the equipment’s life expectancy. This report also discusses current developments in novel materials, lubricants, and design modifications that have the potential to cut energy losses by 18–40%, primarily due to friction and wear. Up to 8.7% of the world’s total energy use and 1.4% of GDP might be saved (GNP).

Good surface finishing, quality, and maximizing metal removal are characteristics feature of machining operation. The process variables affect the product’s surface roughness and rate of metal removal. Proper management of the process variables makes it easier to lower machining costs and enhance product quality. In order to get the best product, extensive research has been done previously to optimize the procedure specifications in any machining process. This paper studies how important the material removal process is, its benefits, and its relevancy in the manufacturing industries. The most recent turning process research uses the Response Surface Methodology (RMS). Process variables including feed, cutting speed, and depth of cut work well. In most circumstances, a technical need for mechanical products, the surface profile, and the roughness of a machined workpiece are two of the most significant product quality features. The necessary surface quality must be obtained for a part to function as intended. Finding a simple solution and a completely reliable approach is crucial due to the surface quality mechanism’s process dependence and the various uncontrollable elements that affect relevant phenomena.