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The management of digestate from agroforestry and food waste has become a challenge for the globally mitigation of economy and environmental impacts. This study is aimed to investigate the proximate and ultimate parameters of digestate sample obtained from zoo-technical digesters, fed with a mix of 70% bovine slurry, 30% corn and by-products. The analysis of characterization was carried out to determine moisture content, elemental composition (C, H, N, S content), metals content, anions content and thermogravimetric analysis. The research would provide a preliminary energy and environmental evaluation of digestate to choose an appropriate technology for its recovery. After characterization, the scientific innovation is represented, therefore, by using the digestate as an energy resource, for example to suggest the digestate conversion to biochar by means thermochemical process (pyrolysis, gasification) as a precursor for porous soil amendment or solid fuels. The main objective of this study was to experiment the potential reuse and sustainable disposal strategy of digestate by an eco-friendlier approach. The results obtained from the physicochemical characterization tests shown that the digestate have a high nutrient concentration as the macro elements (Na, K, Ca) and in average more concentration of microelements for liquid digestate., Proceedings of the 30th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 9-12 May 2022, Online, pp. 200-204

An early attention to the layout of both plant site and its buildings is essential in a complex plant under preliminary design as DEMO in order to meet the assigned targets, namely i) the licensing requirements ii) a good availability in delivery electricity to the grid. The layout definition has to follow several criteria that become more complex and stringent for nuclear buildings, e.g. functional, maintenance, fire protection, safety, human factors, shielding, and remote handling. The criterion As Low As Reasonable Achievable with respect to the dose to the staff has to be applied in design, operation, maintenance and decommissioning phases. The tokamak building, where several complex systems have to converge to the torus to create and control the plasma, to take out its energy and to produce and extract tritium, provides the second and ultimate confinement barrier between the environment and the hazardous and radioactive materials present inside that might be mobilised, in case of accident, by the high energetic fluids stored in DEMO systems. The layout criteria are focused on avoiding any challenge to the safety functions: e.g. no common mode failures of the safety classified systems for all reference design basis events. Furthermore the safety classified equipment have to maintain their safety function all over the plant life in such challenging environmental conditions; an accurate layout might allow the qualification possible, making milder the environment, e.g. defining adequate shielding and areas where radiation dose, magnetic field and accidental environmental conditions are reasonable for sensible equipment. The experience of NPPs and ITER is also recognized as the basis of such design criteria for DEMO. The paper will outline the main design basis events and the layout criteria presenting some applications for the tokamak building that reflect the recent progress of the DEMO design.

Le forme della narrazione possono essere le più diverse: non solo parole, ma anche gesti e simboli, arte e poesia. I linguaggi dell’arte costituiscono da un punto di vista pedagogico un’area tematica importante che arricchisce ed amplia l’universo narrativo umano, in quanto permette di veicolare espressioni, sensazioni, significati e vissuti emotivi e, quindi, consente di imparare a “pensare coi propri sensi”. Nell’epoca della comunicazione digitale non si può prescindere dalla considerazione dei diversi medium attraverso cui i racconti sono prodotti, definendo nuove forme di narrazione, inedite costruzioni di significati, nuovi linguaggi che si contaminano a vicenda, ripercorrendo altresì le origini, attraverso l’utilizzo del segno. Il paper intende riportare un’esperienza laboratoriale il cui obiettivo principale è stato quello di fornire alle partecipanti un’esperienza di apprendimento e di espressione estetica, utilizzando tracce (da quella poetica a quella grafica a quella pittorica). The forms of narrative can be very different: not just words, but also gestures and symbols, art and poetry. From a pedagogical point of view, the languages of art represent an important issue, enriching and expanding human narrative universe, as they allow to convey expressions, feelings, emotional meanings and experiences and, consequently, lead to “think with our own senses”. In the age of digital communication, we cannot consider independently the different mediums through which tales are produced, defining new forms of storytelling, original constructions of meanings, new languages that mingle together, retracing the origins, through the use of the sign. This paper aims to bring a workshop experience, whose main objective was to provide the participants a learning experience and an aesthetic expression, using different traces (from poetry to graphics or painting).

Il presente documento è stato preparato nel corso della terza annualità dell'AdP ENEA-MiSE nell'ambito dell'obiettivo C (SPERIMENTAZIONE E CALCOLO IN APPOGGIO AGLI STUDI SULLA SICUREZZA) della Linea Progettuale 1 (Sviluppo competenze scientifiche nel campo della sicurezza nucleare). Esso riporta i risultati dell’attività di validazione e verifica dei codici di sistema TRACE e CATHARE2 sulla base della campagna sperimentale condotta sull’impianto SPES 2., peer-reviewed

Il presente documento è stato preparato nel corso della seconda annualità dell'AdP ENEA-MSE nell'ambito dell'obiettivo C (SPERIMENTAZIONE E CALCOLO IN APPOGGIO AGLI STUDI SULLA SICUREZZA) della Linea Progettuale 1 (Sviluppo competenze scientifiche nel campo della sicurezza nucleare). Esso riporta i principali risultati dell’attività di validazione e verifica dei codici di sistema TRACE e CATHARE sulla base della campagna sperimentale condotta sull’impianto SPES 2., peer-reviewed

Distribuzione libera - Collocazione contrattuale: Accordo di programma ENEA-MSE. Piano annuale di realizzazione 2011. Linea progettuale 2: Studi di sicurezza sugli impianti nucleari - Note: Il presente documento è stato preparato con il contributo del personale ENEA e CIRTEN: F. Donato, C. Lombardo (ENEA); P. Chiovaro, S. D'Amico, P.A. Di Maio, F. Mascari, I. Moscato, G. Velia (Università di Palermo); Sigla documento rif. :CIRTEN-UNIPA RL- PAR 2011 1215/1250 - Convalida a cura di: F. De Rosa - Approvazione a cura di: P. Meloni, Il presente documento riferisce sulle attività svolte nel corso della prima annualità dell'AdP ENEA-MSE nell'ambito della linea progettuale 2 (LP2), obiettivo D4 (Adeguamento dello SPES2 per prove di sicurezza). In particolare, il documento riporta i principali risultati del lavoro preliminare necessario per la simulazione di un incidente tipo Fukushima sulla "facility" integrale SPES-2 di SIET. Il lavoro sviluppato ha riguardato la messa a punto del modello TRACE della "facility' SPES-2, utilizzato per la simulazione del transitorio di perdita totale di alimentazione elettrica (Station Black Out SBO). I risultati ottenuti, descritti nel presente rapporto, essendo in accordo con la fisica del fenomeno, dimostrano l'idoneità globale dell'impianto alla realizzazione dei test di interesse. L'approfondimento di alcuni fenomeni locali, che determinano asimmetrie in alcune componenti della "facility", mette in luce la necessità di studi approfonditi da condurre attraverso successive analisi. Inoltre, il modello CATHARE sviluppato nell'ambito della stessa attività potrebbe essere impiegato, in futuro, per la simulazione dello stesso transitorio e per l'approfondimento a cui sopra brevemente accennato., peer-reviewed

Currently, for the EU DEMO, two Breeding Blankets (BBs) have been selected as potential candidates for the integration in the reactor. They are the Water Cooled Lithium Lead and the Helium Cooled Pebble Bed BB concepts. The two BB variants together with the associated ancillary systems drive the design of the overall plant. Therefore, a holistic investigation of integration issues derived by the BB and the installation of its ancillary systems has been performed. The issues related to the water activation due to the 16N and 17N isotopes and the impact on the primary heat transfer systems have been investigated providing guidelines and dedicated solution for the integration of safety devices as isolation valves. The tritium retention and the permeation rates through the blanket and its ancillary systems have been also assessed taking into account different operating points both for the BB and ancillaries and comparing, when possible, the releases with the operating and safety limits. Moreover, the issues related to the tritium start-up inventory as well as the uncertainties on the Tritium Breeding Ratio (TBR) due to the integration of the auxiliary systems within the Vacuum Vessel have been also studied. Finally, the impact of the BB concepts on the safety systems like the Vacuum Vessel Pressure Suppression System is described with a particular focus on the different measures that should be implemented according to the considered concept. All these aspects are then taken into account to drive future developments during the Concept Design Phase., peer-reviewed