Search

Introduction Diarrhea is a significant health problem in the Third World. Identification of the pathogen that causes diarrhea is vital for measures to prevent and control this disease. There are also very few reports of diarrhea in Sudan. Our study aimed to determine the Prevalence of specific protozoan pathogens (Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium parvum., and Giardia spp) in children in Khartoum, Sudan. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey among children under five years of age hospitalized with acute diarrhea between April and December 2014. Diarrheal stool samples were collected, and E. histolytica, C. parvum, and Giardia spp were examined using multiplex real-time PCR. Results Four hundred and thirty-seven children with acute diarrhea were included in this study; the higher prevalence of diarrhea was in the age ≤ 2 years old (403, 92.2%), >2–≤4 years (32, 7.3%), and >4–

Introduction Diarrhea is a significant health problem in the Third World. Identification of the pathogen that causes diarrhea is vital for measures to prevent and control this disease. There are also very few reports of diarrhea in Sudan. Our study aimed to determine the Prevalence of specific protozoan pathogens (Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium parvum., and Giardia spp) in children in Khartoum, Sudan. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey among children under five years of age who were hospitalized with acute diarrhea between April and December 2014. Diarrheal stool samples were collected and E. histolytica, C. parvum, and Giardia spp were examined using multiplex real-time PCR. Results Four hundred and thirty-seven children with acute diarrheawere included in this study; the higher Prevalence of diarrhea was in the age less than ≤ 2 years old (403,92.2%). The male-to-female ratio in this study was 1:1.7. infection with intestinal parasite was found in 155 (35.5%) cases, and co-infection was detected in 16 (10.3%) cases. Giardia spp(18.8%) and C. parvum (15.8 %) were the most frequently identified parasites, followed by E. histolytica (0.9). The parasite infection rate was highest and lowest in the under 2-year-old group (92.3%) and the 2–4-year-old group (7.3%). The infection rate was higher in boys (67.1%) than in girls (32.9%). The incidence of protozoan infection was higher in the rainy season (August to December) (92.2%), corresponding with that in the dry Season (April to June). (7.8%). Discussion Our present study demonstrated the high prevalence of Giardia spp and C. parvum in children with diarrhea in the Khartoum region and the usefulness of the multiplex real-time method in disclosing pathogenic protozoal agents. Our result highlighted the necessity of developing intervention measurement and control strategies to deal with childhood parasitic diarrhea in this region.

Purpose: Septic arthritis (SA) of the hip joint is a serious infection which can lead to more irreversible complications. Differentiating Septic arthritis from Transient synovitis (which is the most common cause of painful hip in children) is difficult and very important to prevent serious complications which can occur with Septic arthritis. The aim of this study was to find out the MRI findings which can differentiate between these two conditions. Methods: Systematic literature search was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines on MEDLINE(PubMed), Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and world Health Organization Virtual Health Library, up to April 2022. Studies that compared MRI findings between Septic Arthritis and Transient Synovitis of hip joint in children were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity estimates of these findings were calculated using MetaDTA version 2.0. Results: Six studies were included in qualitative analysis and five were included in quantitative analysis. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of synovial enhancement were 94.2 % (95 % CI, 45.2–99.7 %) and 60.6 % (95% CI, 6–97.4 %) respectively. Soft tissue changes had pooled sensitivity and specificity of 75 % (95% CI, 57.5–86.9 %) and 69.9 % (95 % CI, 46.5–86.2 %) respectively. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of femoral head changes were 41.5 % (95 % CI, 15.9–72.7 %) and 87.3 % (95 % CI, 75.5–93.8 %) respectively. Bone marrow changes had pooled sensitivity and specificity of 70 % (95 % CI, 26.8–93.7 %) and 99.9 % (95 % CI, 28.7–100 %) respectively. Conclusion: MRI findings especially bone marrow changes were found to be useful in differentiating septic arthritis from transient synovitis among children presented with painful hip after exclusion of other causes.

Introduction Diarrhea is a significant health problem in the Third World. Identification of the pathogen that causes diarrhea is vital for measures to prevent and control this disease. There are also very few reports of diarrhea in Sudan. Our study aimed to determine the Prevalence of specific protozoan pathogens ( Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium parvum., and Giardia spp) in children in Khartoum, Sudan. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey among children under five years of age hospitalized with acute diarrhea between April and December 2014. Diarrheal stool samples were collected, and E. histolytica, C. parvum, and Giardia spp were examined using multiplex real-time PCR. Results Four hundred and thirty-seven children with acute diarrhea were included in this study; the higher prevalence of diarrhea was in the age ≤ 2 years old (403, 92.2%), >2–≤4 years (32, 7.3%), and >4–Giardia spp (18.8%) and C. parvum (15.8%) were the most frequently identified parasites, followed by E. histolytica (0.9). The parasite infection rate was highest and lowest in the under 2-year-old group 143 (35.5%) and the 2–4-year-old group 12 (37.5%). The infection rate was higher in boys 104 (37.7%) than in girls 51 (31.7%). The number of positive cases was higher in the rainy season (August to December) 143 (37.4%), corresponding with that in the dry Season (April to June) 12 (21.8%). Discussion Our present study demonstrated the high prevalence of Giardia spp and C. parvum in children with diarrhea in the Khartoum region and the usefulness of the multiplex real-time method in disclosing pathogenic protozoal agents. Our result highlighted the necessity of developing intervention measurement and control strategies to deal with childhood parasitic diarrhea in this region.

Introduction Diarrhea is a significant health problem in the Third World. Identification of the pathogen that causes diarrhea is vital for measures to prevent and control this disease. There are also very few reports of diarrhea in Sudan. Our study aimed to determine the Prevalence of specific protozoan pathogens ( Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium parvum., and Giardia spp) in children in Khartoum, Sudan. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey among children under five years of age who were hospitalized with acute diarrhea between April and December 2014. Diarrheal stool samples were collected and E. histolytica, C. parvum, and Giardia spp were examined using multiplex real-time PCR. Results Four hundred and thirty-seven children with acute diarrheawere included in this study; the higher Prevalence of diarrhea was in the age less than ≤ 2 years old (403,92.2%). The male-to-female ratio in this study was 1:1.7. infection with intestinal parasite was found in 155 (35.5%) cases, and co-infection was detected in 16 (10.3%) cases. Giardia spp(18.8%) and C. parvum (15.8 %) were the most frequently identified parasites, followed by E. histolytica (0.9). The parasite infection rate was highest and lowest in the under 2-year-old group (92.3%) and the 2–4-year-old group (7.3%). The infection rate was higher in boys (67.1%) than in girls (32.9%). The incidence of protozoan infection was higher in the rainy season (August to December) (92.2%), corresponding with that in the dry Season (April to June). (7.8%). Discussion Our present study demonstrated the high prevalence of Giardia spp and C. parvum in children with diarrhea in the Khartoum region and the usefulness of the multiplex real-time method in disclosing pathogenic protozoal agents. Our result highlighted the necessity of developing intervention measurement and control strategies to deal with childhood parasitic diarrhea in this region.

Introduction Diarrhea is a significant health problem in Third World. Identification the pathogen that cause diarrhea is vital for measures to prevent and control this disease. There are also very few reports of diarrhea in Sudan. Our study aimed to determine the Prevalenceof specific protozoan pathogens ( Entameobia histolytica, Cryptosporidium parvum., and Giardia lamblia) in children in Khartoum, Sudan. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey among children under five years of age hospitalized with acute diarrhea between April and December 2014. Diarrheastool samples were collected and examined E. histolytica, C. parvum, and G. lamblia using a multiplex real-time PCR. Results 437 acute children were included in this study; the higher Prevalence of diarrhea was in the age less than ≤2years old (403,92.2%). The male-to -female ratio in this study was 1:1.7. infection with intestinal parasite was found in 155 (35.5%) cases, and co-infection was detected in 16 (3.7%) cases. G. lamblia (18.8%) and C. parvum (15.8 %) were the most frequently identified parasites, followed by E. histolytica (0.9). The parasite infection rate was highest and lowest in the under 2-year-old group (32.7%), and in the 2–4-year-old group (2.7%),the infection rate was higher was higher in boys (23.7%) than in girls (11.7%). tThe incidence of protozoan infection was higher (37.7%) in the rainy season (August to December) (32.7%), corresponding with that in the dry Season (April to June). (2.7%) Discussion Our present study demonstrated the high prevalence of G. lamblia and C. parvum in children with diarrhea in Khartoum region and usefulness of the multiplex real-time method in disclosing pathogenic protozoal agents. Our result highlighted the necessity of developing intervention measurement and control strategies to deal with childhood parasitic diarrhea in this region.

Introduction Diarrhea is a significant health problem in third world countries; identification of causative agents of diarrhea is essential to apply measures to prevent and control this disease. In addition, scant data are available regarding childhood diarrhea in Sudan. Our research aimed to determine the incidence of specific protozoan pathogens ( Entameobia histolytica, Cryptosporidium spp., and Gardia lambelia) among the young (aged less than five years) in Khartoum, Sudan. Methods We conducted a parasitological cross-sectional survey, and stool samples from 437 patients were examined for E. histolytica, C. parvum, and G. lambelia using a multiplex real-time PCR method. Results Of the 437 stool samples tested, infection with intestinal parasite was found in 155 (35.5%) cases, and co-infection was identified in 16 (3.7%) cases. G. lambelia (18.8%) and C. parvum (15.8 %) were the most frequently identified parasites, followed by E. histolytica (0.5%). The highest and lowest rates of parasitic infections were seen in the less than two years age group (32.7%), and in the 2–4-year-old group (2.7%), the male children showed higher rates of infections (23.7%) compared to females (11.7%). The incidence of protozoan infection was higher (37.7%) in the rainy season (August to December) (32.7%) in contrast with that (2.7%) in the dry season (April to June). Discussion Our present study demonstrated the high prevalence of G. lambelia and C. parvum in children with diarrhea in Khartoum State and the multiplex real-time technique's usefulness in disclosing pathogenic protozoal agents. Our result highlighted the necessity of developing intervention measurement and control strategies to deal with childhood parasitic diarrhea in this region.