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1. Graph-based Clustering under Differential Privacy

Author

Pinot, Rafael, Morvan, Anne, Yger, Florian, Gouy-Pailler, Cédric, and Atif, Jamal

Subjects
Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms, Computer Science - Learning
Abstract

In this paper, we present the first differentially private clustering method for arbitrary-shaped node clusters in a graph. This algorithm takes as input only an approximate Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) $\mathcal{T}$ released under weight differential privacy constraints from the graph. Then, the underlying nonconvex clustering partition is successfully recovered from cutting optimal cuts on $\mathcal{T}$. As opposed to existing methods, our algorithm is theoretically well-motivated. Experiments support our theoretical findings.

Published
2018

2. On the Needs for Rotations in Hypercubic Quantization Hashing

Author

Morvan, Anne, Souloumiac, Antoine, Choromanski, Krzysztof, Gouy-Pailler, Cédric, and Atif, Jamal

Subjects
Computer Science - Learning
Abstract

The aim of this paper is to endow the well-known family of hypercubic quantization hashing methods with theoretical guarantees. In hypercubic quantization, applying a suitable (random or learned) rotation after dimensionality reduction has been experimentally shown to improve the results accuracy in the nearest neighbors search problem. We prove in this paper that the use of these rotations is optimal under some mild assumptions: getting optimal binary sketches is equivalent to applying a rotation uniformizing the diagonal of the covariance matrix between data points. Moreover, for two closed points, the probability to have dissimilar binary sketches is upper bounded by a factor of the initial distance between the data points. Relaxing these assumptions, we obtain a general concentration result for random matrices. We also provide some experiments illustrating these theoretical points and compare a set of algorithms in both the batch and online settings.

Published
2018

3. Streaming Binary Sketching based on Subspace Tracking and Diagonal Uniformization

Author

Morvan, Anne, Souloumiac, Antoine, Gouy-Pailler, Cédric, and Atif, Jamal

Subjects
Computer Science - Learning
Abstract

In this paper, we address the problem of learning compact similarity-preserving embeddings for massive high-dimensional streams of data in order to perform efficient similarity search. We present a new online method for computing binary compressed representations -sketches- of high-dimensional real feature vectors. Given an expected code length $c$ and high-dimensional input data points, our algorithm provides a $c$-bits binary code for preserving the distance between the points from the original high-dimensional space. Our algorithm does not require neither the storage of the whole dataset nor a chunk, thus it is fully adaptable to the streaming setting. It also provides low time complexity and convergence guarantees. We demonstrate the quality of our binary sketches through experiments on real data for the nearest neighbors search task in the online setting.

Published
2017

4. Graph sketching-based Space-efficient Data Clustering

Author

Morvan, Anne, Choromanski, Krzysztof, Gouy-Pailler, Cédric, and Atif, Jamal

Subjects
Computer Science - Learning, Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms
Abstract

In this paper, we address the problem of recovering arbitrary-shaped data clusters from datasets while facing \emph{high space constraints}, as this is for instance the case in many real-world applications when analysis algorithms are directly deployed on resources-limited mobile devices collecting the data. We present DBMSTClu a new space-efficient density-based \emph{non-parametric} method working on a Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) recovered from a limited number of linear measurements i.e. a \emph{sketched} version of the dissimilarity graph $\mathcal{G}$ between the $N$ objects to cluster. Unlike $k$-means, $k$-medians or $k$-medoids algorithms, it does not fail at distinguishing clusters with particular forms thanks to the property of the MST for expressing the underlying structure of a graph. No input parameter is needed contrarily to DBSCAN or the Spectral Clustering method. An approximate MST is retrieved by following the dynamic \emph{semi-streaming} model in handling the dissimilarity graph $\mathcal{G}$ as a stream of edge weight updates which is sketched in one pass over the data into a compact structure requiring $O(N \operatorname{polylog}(N))$ space, far better than the theoretical memory cost $O(N^2)$ of $\mathcal{G}$. The recovered approximate MST $\mathcal{T}$ as input, DBMSTClu then successfully detects the right number of nonconvex clusters by performing relevant cuts on $\mathcal{T}$ in a time linear in $N$. We provide theoretical guarantees on the quality of the clustering partition and also demonstrate its advantage over the existing state-of-the-art on several datasets., Comment: Proceedings of the 2018 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining

Published
2017
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5. Structured adaptive and random spinners for fast machine learning computations

Author

Bojarski, Mariusz, Choromanska, Anna, Choromanski, Krzysztof, Fagan, Francois, Gouy-Pailler, Cedric, Morvan, Anne, Sakr, Nourhan, Sarlos, Tamas, and Atif, Jamal

Subjects
Computer Science - Learning
Abstract

We consider an efficient computational framework for speeding up several machine learning algorithms with almost no loss of accuracy. The proposed framework relies on projections via structured matrices that we call Structured Spinners, which are formed as products of three structured matrix-blocks that incorporate rotations. The approach is highly generic, i.e. i) structured matrices under consideration can either be fully-randomized or learned, ii) our structured family contains as special cases all previously considered structured schemes, iii) the setting extends to the non-linear case where the projections are followed by non-linear functions, and iv) the method finds numerous applications including kernel approximations via random feature maps, dimensionality reduction algorithms, new fast cross-polytope LSH techniques, deep learning, convex optimization algorithms via Newton sketches, quantization with random projection trees, and more. The proposed framework comes with theoretical guarantees characterizing the capacity of the structured model in reference to its unstructured counterpart and is based on a general theoretical principle that we describe in the paper. As a consequence of our theoretical analysis, we provide the first theoretical guarantees for one of the most efficient existing LSH algorithms based on the HD3HD2HD1 structured matrix [Andoni et al., 2015]. The exhaustive experimental evaluation confirms the accuracy and efficiency of structured spinners for a variety of different applications., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1605.09046

Published
2016

6. TripleSpin - a generic compact paradigm for fast machine learning computations

Author

Choromanski, Krzysztof, Fagan, Francois, Gouy-Pailler, Cedric, Morvan, Anne, Sarlos, Tamas, and Atif, Jamal

Subjects
Computer Science - Learning, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

We present a generic compact computational framework relying on structured random matrices that can be applied to speed up several machine learning algorithms with almost no loss of accuracy. The applications include new fast LSH-based algorithms, efficient kernel computations via random feature maps, convex optimization algorithms, quantization techniques and many more. Certain models of the presented paradigm are even more compressible since they apply only bit matrices. This makes them suitable for deploying on mobile devices. All our findings come with strong theoretical guarantees. In particular, as a byproduct of the presented techniques and by using relatively new Berry-Esseen-type CLT for random vectors, we give the first theoretical guarantees for one of the most efficient existing LSH algorithms based on the $\textbf{HD}_{3}\textbf{HD}_{2}\textbf{HD}_{1}$ structured matrix ("Practical and Optimal LSH for Angular Distance"). These guarantees as well as theoretical results for other aforementioned applications follow from the same general theoretical principle that we present in the paper. Our structured family contains as special cases all previously considered structured schemes, including the recently introduced $P$-model. Experimental evaluation confirms the accuracy and efficiency of TripleSpin matrices.

Published
2016

7. Antiviral activity of SAFER®, a commercial acidifying desiccant powder, against African swine fever virus.

Author

Thi Bich Ngoc Trinh, Lazenec, Elodie, Thi Ngoc Ha Lai, Matard-Mann, Maria, Phat, Luong Tan, Morvan, Anne, Delahaye, Anne-Cecile, Collén, Pi Nyvall, Thi Lan Nguyen, and Van Phan Le

Subjects
AFRICAN swine fever virus, AFRICAN swine fever, SWINE diseases, DRYING agents, BODY fluids
Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) is one of the deadliest swine diseases, causing significant economic losses, threatening food security, and limiting pig production in affected countries. In the absence of an effective ASF vaccine, prevention and control of ASF depend mainly on effective biosecurity measures. In this study, the efficacy of SAFER®, a powdered disinfectant containing clay, an acid complex, and the active ingredient thyme essential oil, was tested against the ASF virus. The results showed that ASFV isolate (VNUA/HY/ASF1/Vietnam/2019) was inactivated by 3.5 and 5 Log10HAD50/ml after 20 and 120  min of treatment with SAFER®, respectively. When body fluids contaminated with ASFV, such as blood, saliva, urine, and feces, were treated with SAFER® for 20  min, the ASFV titer was reduced by 1.6, 2.2, 2.0, and 2.2 Log10HAD50/ml, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. GeoVeX

Author

Donghi, Daniele, primary and Morvan, Anne, additional

Published
2023
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12. Characteristics and outcomes of SARS-COV 2 critically ill patients after emergence of the variant of concern 20H/501Y.V2: A comparative cohort study

Author

Aries, Philippe, primary, Huet, Olivier, additional, Balicchi, Julien, additional, Mathais, Quentin, additional, Estagnasie, Camille, additional, Martin-Lecamp, Gonzague, additional, Simon, Olivier, additional, Morvan, Anne-Cécile, additional, Puech, Bérénice, additional, Subiros, Marion, additional, Blonde, Renaud, additional, and Boue, Yvonnick, additional

Published
2022
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14. Comparison of the Characteristics and Outcomes of SARS-COV 2 Critically Ill Patients After Emergence of the Variant of Concern 20H/501Y.V2: A Comparative Cohort Study

Author

ARIES, Philippe, primary, HUET, Olivier, additional, BALICCHI, Julien, additional, MATHAIS, Quentin, additional, ESTAGNASIE, Camille, additional, MARTIN-LECAMP, Gonzague, additional, MORVAN, Anne-Cécile, additional, SIMON, Olivier, additional, PUECH, Bérénice, additional, SUBIROS, Marion, additional, BLONDE, Renaud, additional, and BOUE, Yvonnick, additional

Published
2021
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15. Carole Pateman : The Sexual Contract

Author

Morvan, Anne

Subjects
nature humaine, Philosophy, HP, discours, PHI000000, homme, présupposé ontologique
Abstract

Je voudrais montrer, à partir d’une lecture de l’ouvrage de Carole Pateman The Sexual Contract, comment la théorie féministe a élaboré un travail critique à propos des doctrines traditionnelles du pacte social, en mettant au jour dans ces textes le présupposé d’une nature humaine sexuée. Il ne s’agit bien évidemment pas ici de rendre compte d’une simple dénonciation – ou du moins pas seulement – de la domination masculine, qui serait à l’œuvre dans ces textes et qu’il faudrait traquer, mais p...

Published
2020

16. L'archéologie envisagée comme tâche complexe : une ressource pédagogique dans la conciliation d'une étude conjointe de la langue et de la culture de l'Antiquité ?

Author

Morvan, Anne, Institut national supérieur du professorat et de l'éducation - Académie de Nantes (INSPÉ Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), and Martine Dordain

Subjects
Civilisation, Tâche complexe, Archeology, Latin, Archéologie, Langue, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, Civilization, Complex task, Language
Abstract

Along this writing, archeology (numismatics and epigraphy) has been considered as an answer to a double issue in the official programs for the LCA courses : teaching both ancient languages and civilizations. Activities of various nature and various extent have been lead in classes in order to highlight the advantages and limits of the pupils being faced with authentic documents. The scope would be to show that archeology, beyond its cultural interest, may be a tool to work the different skills at stake in the LCA course (reading, language and civilization).; Au cours de cet écrit réflexif, l'archéologie (numismatique et épigraphie) a été envisagée comme une réponse au double enjeu des programmes de LCA : l'enseignement de la langue et celui de la civilisation. Des activités de nature et d'ampleur variées ont été menées dans des classes de collège afin de cerner les atouts et limites de la confrontation des élèves à des documents authentiques, dans l'idée que celle-ci, au-delà de l'intérêt culturel, peut être utilisée pour travailler les différentes compétences en jeu dans le cours de LCA (lecture, langue et civilisation).

Published
2020

21. Evaluation of a ribosomal RNA gene probe for the identification of species and subspecies within the genus Staphylococcus

Author

Buyser, Marie-Laure de, Morvan, Anne, Aubert, Sylvie, Dilasser, Francoise, and Solh, Nevine el

Subjects
Staphylococcus -- Genetic aspects, Genetic polymorphisms -- Analysis, Microbiology -- Identification and classification, Cluster analysis -- Usage, DNA probes -- Usage, Biological sciences
Abstract

A rRNA gene polymorphism analysis of 271 Staphylococcus isolates representing 16 species and one subspecies was carried out using a 16S rDNA sequence of Bacillus subtilis as probe and HindIII and EcoRI as restriction enzymes. Cluster analysis was performed using the Dice coefficient and a centroid linkage algorithm. The results showed that the procedure could effectively discriminate between each Staphylococcal taxa.

Published
1992

23. Contributions à l'apprentissage non supervisé à partir de flux de données massives en grande dimension : structuration, hashing et clustering

Author

Morvan, Anne, Laboratoire d'analyse et modélisation de systèmes pour l'aide à la décision (LAMSADE), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres, and Jamal Atif

Subjects
Sketching, Flux, Nearest neighbors search, Hachage, Apprentissage non supervisé, Réduction de dimension, Streaming, Dimensionality reduction, Unsupervised learning, Clustering, Recherche des plus proches voisins, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Hashing, Résumés minimalistes, Approximation
Abstract

This thesis focuses on how to perform efficiently unsupervised machine learning such as the fundamentally linked nearest neighbor search and clustering task, under time and space constraints for high-dimensional datasets. First, a new theoretical framework reduces the space cost and increases the rate of flow of data-independent Cross-polytope LSH for the approximative nearest neighbor search with almost no loss of accuracy.Second, a novel streaming data-dependent method is designed to learn compact binary codes from high-dimensional data points in only one pass. Besides some theoretical guarantees, the quality of the obtained embeddings are accessed on the approximate nearest neighbors search task.Finally, a space-efficient parameter-free clustering algorithm is conceived, based on the recovery of an approximate Minimum Spanning Tree of the sketched data dissimilarity graph on which suitable cuts are performed.; Cette thèse étudie deux tâches fondamentales d'apprentissage non supervisé: la recherche des plus proches voisins et le clustering de données massives en grande dimension pour respecter d'importantes contraintes de temps et d'espace.Tout d'abord, un nouveau cadre théorique permet de réduire le coût spatial et d'augmenter le débit de traitement du Cross-polytope LSH pour la recherche du plus proche voisin presque sans aucune perte de précision.Ensuite, une méthode est conçue pour apprendre en une seule passe sur des données en grande dimension des codes compacts binaires. En plus de garanties théoriques, la qualité des sketches obtenus est mesurée dans le cadre de la recherche approximative des plus proches voisins. Puis, un algorithme de clustering sans paramètre et efficace en terme de coût de stockage est développé en s'appuyant sur l'extraction d'un arbre couvrant minimum approché du graphe de dissimilarité compressé auquel des coupes bien choisies sont effectuées.

Published
2018

24. Contributions to unsupervised learning from massive high-dimensional data streams : structuring, hashing and clustering

Author

Morvan, Anne, Laboratoire d'analyse et modélisation de systèmes pour l'aide à la décision (LAMSADE), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres, and Jamal Atif

Subjects
Sketching, Flux, Nearest neighbors search, Hachage, Apprentissage non supervisé, Réduction de dimension, Streaming, Dimensionality reduction, Unsupervised learning, Clustering, Recherche des plus proches voisins, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Hashing, Résumés minimalistes, Approximation
Abstract

This thesis focuses on how to perform efficiently unsupervised machine learning such as the fundamentally linked nearest neighbor search and clustering task, under time and space constraints for high-dimensional datasets. First, a new theoretical framework reduces the space cost and increases the rate of flow of data-independent Cross-polytope LSH for the approximative nearest neighbor search with almost no loss of accuracy.Second, a novel streaming data-dependent method is designed to learn compact binary codes from high-dimensional data points in only one pass. Besides some theoretical guarantees, the quality of the obtained embeddings are accessed on the approximate nearest neighbors search task.Finally, a space-efficient parameter-free clustering algorithm is conceived, based on the recovery of an approximate Minimum Spanning Tree of the sketched data dissimilarity graph on which suitable cuts are performed.; Cette thèse étudie deux tâches fondamentales d'apprentissage non supervisé: la recherche des plus proches voisins et le clustering de données massives en grande dimension pour respecter d'importantes contraintes de temps et d'espace.Tout d'abord, un nouveau cadre théorique permet de réduire le coût spatial et d'augmenter le débit de traitement du Cross-polytope LSH pour la recherche du plus proche voisin presque sans aucune perte de précision.Ensuite, une méthode est conçue pour apprendre en une seule passe sur des données en grande dimension des codes compacts binaires. En plus de garanties théoriques, la qualité des sketches obtenus est mesurée dans le cadre de la recherche approximative des plus proches voisins. Puis, un algorithme de clustering sans paramètre et efficace en terme de coût de stockage est développé en s'appuyant sur l'extraction d'un arbre couvrant minimum approché du graphe de dissimilarité compressé auquel des coupes bien choisies sont effectuées.

Published
2018

25. Structured adaptive and random spinners for fast machine learning computations

Author

Bojarski, Mariusz, Choromanska, Anna, Choromanski, Krzysztof, Fagan, Francois, Gouy-Pailler, Cedric, Morvan, Anne, Sakr, Nourhan, Sarlos, Tamas, Atif, Jamal, NVIDIA (NVIDIA), Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences [New York] (CIMS), New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), Google Brain Robotics, Google Inc., Columbia University [New York], Laboratoire d'analyse des données et d'intelligence des systèmes (LADIS), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'analyse et modélisation de systèmes pour l'aide à la décision (LAMSADE), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Machine Intelligence and Learning Systems (MILES), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), JMLR: W&CP, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA))

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Learning, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Machine learning, random projections, Machine Learning (cs.LG), [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract

We consider an efficient computational framework for speeding up several machine learning algorithms with almost no loss of accuracy. The proposed framework relies on projections via structured matrices that we call Structured Spinners, which are formed as products of three structured matrix-blocks that incorporate rotations. The approach is highly generic, i.e. i) structured matrices under consideration can either be fully-randomized or learned, ii) our structured family contains as special cases all previously considered structured schemes, iii) the setting extends to the non-linear case where the projections are followed by non-linear functions, and iv) the method finds numerous applications including kernel approximations via random feature maps, dimensionality reduction algorithms, new fast cross-polytope LSH techniques, deep learning, convex optimization algorithms via Newton sketches, quantization with random projection trees, and more. The proposed framework comes with theoretical guarantees characterizing the capacity of the structured model in reference to its unstructured counterpart and is based on a general theoretical principle that we describe in the paper. As a consequence of our theoretical analysis, we provide the first theoretical guarantees for one of the most efficient existing LSH algorithms based on the HD3HD2HD1 structured matrix [Andoni et al., 2015]. The exhaustive experimental evaluation confirms the accuracy and efficiency of structured spinners for a variety of different applications., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1605.09046

Published
2017

27. L’homme présupposé

Author

Bachofen, Blaise, Campagnolo, Gilles, Chappé, Raphaël, Crétois, Pierre, Dockès, Pierre, d’Ambrosio-Boudet, Flore, Floury, Nicolas, Gerbier, Laurent, Lazzeri, Christian, Monferrand, Frédéric, Morvan, Anne, Pagès, Claire, Ragno, Valentina, Roza, Stéphanie, Saint Girons, Baldine, Zask, Joëlle, Chappé, Raphaël, and Crétois, Pierre

Subjects
nature humaine, Philosophy, HP, discours, PHI000000, homme, présupposé ontologique
Abstract

Les philosophies et les sciences humaines sont des fabriques de l’homme, selon le double sens du génitif. Elles sont fabriquées par des hommes, mais elles fabriquent aussi l’homme, en tant qu’elles véhiculent une représentation de ce qui le constitue et (ou) du rapport qu’il entretient avec ce qui n’est pas lui (nature, société). La construction d’un discours impose en effet une grille de lecture, un découpage et une articulation du réel. Aussi, en dépit de l’effort que l’on rencontre parfois pour élaborer des discours sans présupposé ontologique sur la nature humaine, une prise de position au sujet de l’homme semble en fait inévitable. Prendre par exemple pour point de vue celui de l’individu ou, au contraire, celui du tout social n’est pas neutre mais il s’agit déjà d’une façon de régler le rapport de l’un à l’autre. Et partir d’un homme ramené au statut d’agent rationnel visant à maximiser son profit est un choix massif qu’il convient d’analyser. Mais, s’il y a toujours, en philosophie morale et politique, ou dans les sciences humaines, des présupposés anthropologiques, on ne trouve pas forcément dans, ou à l’arrière-plan de tout discours sur les hommes, l’admission d’une essence générique de l’homme ; autrement dit, le présupposé peut être aussi de contestation. Quoi qu’il en soit, il faut mettre en évidence un personnage abstrait, parfois assumé, parfois caché et parfois contesté donc, mais toujours là à sa façon, à défaut d’être à chaque fois opératoire.

Published
2014
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28. Cancer du sein traité par chimiothérapie néoadjuvante : évaluation du reliquat tumoral par l'IRM mammaire. [MRI evaluation of residual breast carcinoma after neoadjuvant chemotherapy]

Author

Morvan, Anne, De Korvin, Brigitte, Bouriel, Catherine, Carsin, André, Tas, Patrick, Bendavid, Claude, Dupré, Pierre-François, Kerbrat, Pierre, Mesbah, Habiba, Poree, Philippe, Levêque, Jean, Service de radiologie, Centre hospitalier Bretagne Atlantique (Morbihan) (CHBA), Département d'imagerie, CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC), Anatomopathologie, Département de chirurgie, Département de Chirurgie gynécologique, Hôpital Morvan [Brest], Département d'oncologie médicale, Département d'informatique médicale, Service de radiologie [Vannes], and De Villemeur, Hervé

Subjects
[SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer
Abstract

International audience; PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate the sensibility and specificity of MRI in the detection and size measuring of residual breast cancer in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 32 women, who underwent breast MRI before and after neoadjuvant treatment. MRI has been confronted to surgical pathology results. RESULTS: The sensibility of MRI to assess pathologic Complete Response (no invasive residual tumor) was excellent (100%) but the specificity was low (55,5%). There was no false negative case and four false positive cases (Two ductal carcinomas in situ and two scars-like fibrosis). When MRI outcomes were compared with the presence or absence of invasive or in situ residual carcinoma, only one false negative case was noticed (one "in situ" residual tumor). The correlation between tumor size measured by MRI and histopathology was low (r=0,32). Underestimations of tumor size were due to non-continuous tumor regression or invasive lobular carcinoma or association of invasive carcinoma and intra ductal breast cancer. Over estimations of tumor size were due to chemotherapy-induced changes. CONCLUSION: MRI is a sensitive but poorly specific method to assess the pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Estimation of tumor size and detection of isolated residual in situ carcinoma are fare. Therefore, surgical intervention remains necessary whatever the MRI outcomes.

Published
2010

29. Crâniométrie chez le chien : étude comparée de spécimens recueillis dans des cavités pyrénéennes (Fouilles André Clot), et des chiens de races connues du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (Collection Francis Petter)

Author

Morvan, Anne and Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse - ENVT (FRANCE)

Subjects
Pyrénées, Médecine vétérinaire et santé animal, Race, Crâne, Ostéométrie, Chien, Crâniométrie
Abstract

Crâniométrie chez le chien : étude comparée de spécimens recueillis dans des cavités pyrénéennes (Fouilles André Clot), et des chiens de races connues du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (Collection Francis Petter)

Published
2002

31. Multicenter Validation of a Multiplex PCR Assay for Differentiating the Major Listeria monocytogenes Serovars 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, and 4b: Toward an International Standard

Author

Doumith, Michel, primary, Jacquet, Christine, additional, Gerner-Smidt, Peter, additional, Graves, Lewis M., additional, Loncarevic, Semir, additional, Mathisen, Tone, additional, Morvan, Anne, additional, Salcedo, Celia, additional, Torpdahl, Mia, additional, Vazquez, Julio A., additional, and Martin, Paul, additional

Published
2005
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34. Assessment of resolution and intercenter reproducibility of results of genotyping Staphylococcus aureus by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of SmaI macrorestriction fragments: A multicenter study

Author

Van Belkum, Alex, Van Leeuwen, Willem, Kaufmann, Mary Elizabeth, Cookson, Barry, Forey, Françoise, Etienne, J. C., Goering, Richard, Tenover, Fred, Steward, Christine, O'Brien, Frances, Grubb, Warren, Tassios, Panayotis, Legakis, Nikolas, Morvan, Anne, El Solh, Névine, De Ryck, Rafael, Struelens, Marc, Salmenlinna, Saara, Vuopio-Varkila, Jaana, Kooistra, Mirjam, Talens, Adriaan, Witte, Wolfgang, Verbrugh, Henri, Van Belkum, Alex, Van Leeuwen, Willem, Kaufmann, Mary Elizabeth, Cookson, Barry, Forey, Françoise, Etienne, J. C., Goering, Richard, Tenover, Fred, Steward, Christine, O'Brien, Frances, Grubb, Warren, Tassios, Panayotis, Legakis, Nikolas, Morvan, Anne, El Solh, Névine, De Ryck, Rafael, Struelens, Marc, Salmenlinna, Saara, Vuopio-Varkila, Jaana, Kooistra, Mirjam, Talens, Adriaan, Witte, Wolfgang, and Verbrugh, Henri

Abstract

SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
1998

37. Tracking adhesion factors in Staphylococcus caprae strains responsible for human bone infections following implantation of orthopaedic material

Author

Allignet, Jeanine, Galdbart, Jacques-Olivier, Morvan, Anne, Dyke, Keith G.H., Vaudaux, Pierre, Aubert, Sylvie, Desplaces, Nicole, and Solh, Nevine El

Subjects
Staphylococcus, Bones, Surgical wound infections -- Research, Infection -- Microbiology, Orthopedic implants -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Research was conducted to examine the 10 Staphylococcus caprae strains isolated from four patients that were suffering from joint and bone infections following the implantation of orthopaedic material. The objective was to characterize the strains as well as four unrelated S. caprae strains isolated from the milk of mastitis-free goats. Results reveal atlE and ica genes in goat and human strains of S. caprae.

Published
1999

39. Assessment of Resolution and Intercenter Reproducibility of Results of Genotyping Staphylococcus aureus by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis of Sma I Macrorestriction Fragments: a Multicenter Study

Author

van Belkum, Alex, primary, van Leeuwen, Willem, additional, Kaufmann, Mary Elizabeth, additional, Cookson, Barry, additional, Forey, Françoise, additional, Etienne, Jerome, additional, Goering, Richard, additional, Tenover, Fred, additional, Steward, Christine, additional, O’Brien, Frances, additional, Grubb, Warren, additional, Tassios, Panayotis, additional, Legakis, Nicholas, additional, Morvan, Anne, additional, El Solh, Névine, additional, de Ryck, Raf, additional, Struelens, Marc, additional, Salmenlinna, Saara, additional, Vuopio-Varkila, Jaana, additional, Kooistra, Mirjam, additional, Talens, Adriaan, additional, Witte, Wolfgang, additional, and Verbrugh, Henri, additional

Published
1998
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42. Clonal Diversity among Streptogramin A-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusIsolates Collected in French Hospitals

Author

Haroche, Julien, Morvan, Anne, Davi, Marilyne, Allignet, Jeanine, Bimet, Franc¸ois, and El Solh, Ne´vine

Abstract

ABSTRACTWe analyzed 62 clinical isolates of streptogramin A-resistant (SGAr) Staphylococcus aureuscollected between 1981 and 2001 in 14 hospitals located in seven French cities. These isolates, including five with decreased susceptibility to glycopeptides, were distributed into 45 antibiotypes and 38 SmaI genotypes. Each of these genotypes included between 1 and 11 isolates, the SmaI patterns of which differed by no more than three bands. Although numerous clones were identified, we observed the spread of monoclonal isolates either within the same hospital or within hospitals in distinct cities and at large time intervals. Hybridization with probes directed against 10 SGArgenes (vatA, vatB, vatC, vatD, vatE, vgaA, vgaB, vgaAv, vgbA, and vgbB) revealed six patterns: vgaAv(21 isolates), vatA-vgbA(24 isolates), vgaAv-vatB-vgaB(14 isolates), vgaAv-vatA-vgbA(1 isolate), vgaAv-vatA-vgbA-vatB-vgaB(1 isolate), and vgaA(1 isolate). We detected at least one SGArdeterminant in all of the tested isolates. vgaAv, which is part of the recently characterized transposon Tn5406, was found in 59.7% of the tested isolates. Of the 16 streptogramin B-susceptible isolates, 14 carried vgaAvalone and were susceptible to the mixtures of streptogramins, whereas the 2 isolates carrying vgaAv-vatB-vgaBwere resistant to these mixtures. vatA-vgbAwas found on plasmids of the same apparent size in 26 (42%) of the tested clinical isolates from 18 unrelated SmaI genotypes. The possible dissemination of some of the multiple clones characterized in the present study with an expected increased selective pressure of streptogramins following the recent licensing of Synercid (quinupristin-dalfopristin) must be carefully monitored.

Published
2003
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43. Phenotypic and Molecular Typing of Nosocomial Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusStrains Susceptible to Gentamicin Isolated in France from 1995 to 1997

Author

Galdbart, Jacques-Olivier, Morvan, Anne, and El Solh, Nevine

Abstract

ABSTRACTMethicillin-resistant strains susceptible to gentamicin (GmsMRSA) have emerged since 1993 in several French hospitals. To study whether particular clones have spread in various French cities and whether some clones are related to gentamicin-resistant (Gmr) MRSA strains, various methods (antibiotyping, phage typing, determination of SmaI macrorestriction patterns before and after hybridization with IS256transposase and aacA-aphDprobes) were used to compare 62 GmsMRSA strains isolated from 1995 to 1997 in nine cities and 15 GmrMRSA strains. Eighteen majorSmaI genotypes were identified, of which 11 included only GmsMRSA strains and 5 included only GmrMRSA strains. Each of the GmrMRSA strains contained 6 to 13SmaI fragments hybridizing with the insertion sequence IS256, of which a single band also hybridized with theaacA-aphDgene. No such hybridizing sequences were detected in 60 of the 62 GmsMRSA strains. Thus, the divergence between Gmrand GmsMRSA strains is revealed, not only by their distributions in distinct SmaI genotypes but also by the differences in hybridization patterns. Two of the 62 GmsMRSA strains had the uncommon feature of carrying several SmaI bands hybridizing with IS256, suggesting that they are possibly related to the GmrMRSA strains grouped in the same SmaI genotype. Five of the 11SmaI genotypes including only GmsMRSA strains contained strains from diverse cities, isolated during different years and with different antibiograms, suggesting that some clones have spread beyond their cities of origin and persisted.

Published
2000
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44. Phenotypic and Genomic Variation among Staphylococcus epidermidisStrains Infecting Joint Prostheses

Author

Galdbart, Jacques-Olivier, Morvan, Anne, Desplaces, Nicole, and el Solh, Nevine

Abstract

ABSTRACTWe studied the SmaI and SstII macrorestriction patterns of 54 Staphylococcus epidermidisstrains isolated from 14 patients infected following the implantation of joint prostheses. Multiple strains from pus and infected tissue specimens of each patient were selected on the basis of different colony morphologies and drug resistance patterns. The same criteria were used to select 23 S. epidermidisstrains from hand swabs of eight healthy individuals. For 10 of the 14 patients, all the intrapatient strains appeared to be closely or possibly related, whereas related strains were detected in the skin flora of only one of the eight healthy individuals. This observation suggests that, in most cases, the patients were infected by a single S. epidermidisclone which subsequently underwent rearrangements that yielded derivatives with divergent phenotypes and, occasionally, divergent macrorestriction patterns. The four patients whose specimens contained unrelated S. epidermidisstrains were probably infected with several polyclonal strains.

Published
1999
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45. Multicenter Validation of a Multiplex PCR Assay for Differentiating the Major Listeria monocytogenes Serovars ½a, ½b, ½c, and 4b: Toward an International Standard.

Author

Doumith, Michel, Jacquet, Christine, Gerner-Smidt, Peter, Graves, Lewis M., Loncarevic, Semir, Mathisen, Tone, Morvan, Anne, Salcedo, Celia, Torpdahl, Mia, Vazquez, Julio A., and Martin, Paul

Subjects
LISTERIA monocytogenes, BIOLOGICAL assay, POLYMERASE chain reaction, LISTERIA, LABORATORIES, DIAGNOSTIC bacteriology, FOOD safety, FOOD pathogens
Abstract

The performance of a multiplex PCR assay that separates the four major serovars of the pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes into four distinct PCR groups was evaluated through a multicenter typing study. Identical panels of 90 Listeria isolates were distributed to five participating laboratories that were blind to the nature of the isolates. Isolates were characterized using the previously standardized protocol. Overall concordance was 96.6 to 100%, sufficient for the assay to be used as an alternative to serotyping and confidently applied in laboratories involved in L. monocytogenes typing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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46. Assessment of Resolution and Intercenter Reproducibility of Results of Genotyping Staphylococcus aureusby Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis of SmaI Macrorestriction Fragments: a Multicenter Study

Author

van Belkum, Alex, van Leeuwen, Willem, Kaufmann, Mary Elizabeth, Cookson, Barry, Forey, Franc¸oise, Etienne, Jerome, Goering, Richard, Tenover, Fred, Steward, Christine, O’Brien, Frances, Grubb, Warren, Tassios, Panayotis, Legakis, Nicholas, Morvan, Anne, El Solh, Ne´vine, de Ryck, Raf, Struelens, Marc, Salmenlinna, Saara, Vuopio-Varkila, Jaana, Kooistra, Mirjam, Talens, Adriaan, Witte, Wolfgang, and Verbrugh, Henri

Abstract

ABSTRACTTwenty well-characterized isolates of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureuswere used to study the optimal resolution and interlaboratory reproducibility of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of DNA macrorestriction fragments. Five identical isolates (one PFGE type), 5 isolates that produced related PFGE subtypes, and 10 isolates with unique PFGE patterns were analyzed blindly in 12 different laboratories by in-house protocols. In several laboratories a standardized PFGE protocol with a commercial kit was applied successfully as well. Eight of the centers correctly identified the genetic homogeneity of the identical isolates by both the in-house and standard protocols. Four of 12 laboratories failed to produce interpretable data by the standardized protocol, due to technical problems (primarily plug preparation). With the five related isolates, five of eight participants identified the same subtype interrelationships with both in-house and standard protocols. However, two participants identified multiple strain types in this group or classified some of the isolates as unrelated isolates rather than as subtypes. The remaining laboratory failed to distinguish differences between some of the related isolates by utilizing both the in-house and standardized protocols. There were large differences in the relative genome lengths of the isolates as calculated on the basis of the gel pictures. By visual inspection, the numbers of restriction fragments and overall banding pattern similarity in the three groups of isolates showed interlaboratory concordance, but centralized computer analysis of data from four laboratories yielded percent similarity values of only 85% for the group of identical isolates. The differences between the data sets obtained with in-house and standardized protocols could be the experimental parameters which differed with respect to the brand of equipment used, imaging software, running time (20 to 48 h), and pulsing conditions. In conclusion, it appears that the standardization of PFGE depends on controlling a variety of experimental intricacies, as is the case with other bacterial typing procedures.

Published
1998
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47. Être psychologue à l'Assistance publique de Paris

Author

Le Morvan, Anne and Bereni-Marzouk, Brigitte

Abstract

Le Morvan Anne, Bereni-Marzouk Brigitte. Être psychologue à l'Assistance publique de Paris. In: Bulletin de psychologie, tome 36 n°358, 1982. Psychologie clinique V. Les psychologues cliniciens. pp. 93-98.

Published
1982

48. Multicenter Validation of a Multiplex PCR Assay for Differentiating the Major Listeria monocytogenesSerovars 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, and 4b: Toward an International Standard

Author

Doumith, Michel, Jacquet, Christine, Gerner-Smidt, Peter, Graves, Lewis M., Loncarevic, Semir, Mathisen, Tone, Morvan, Anne, Salcedo, Celia, Torpdahl, Mia, Vazquez, Julio A., and Martin, Paul

Abstract

The performance of a multiplex PCR assay that separates the four major serovars of the pathogenic Listeria monocytogenesinto four distinct PCR groups was evaluated through a multicenter typing study. Identical panels of 90 Listeriaisolates were distributed to five participating laboratories that were blind to the nature of the isolates. Isolates were characterized using the previously standardized protocol. Overall concordance was 96.6 to 100%, sufficient for the assay to be used as an alternative to serotyping and confidently applied in laboratories involved in L. monocytogenestyping.

Published
2005
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50. Antiviral activity of SAFER ® , a commercial acidifying desiccant powder, against African swine fever virus.

Author

Trinh TBN, Lazenec E, Lai TNH, Matard-Mann M, Phat LT, Morvan A, Delahaye AC, Collén PN, Nguyen TL, and Le VP

Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) is one of the deadliest swine diseases, causing significant economic losses, threatening food security, and limiting pig production in affected countries. In the absence of an effective ASF vaccine, prevention and control of ASF depend mainly on effective biosecurity measures. In this study, the efficacy of SAFER ® , a powdered disinfectant containing clay, an acid complex, and the active ingredient thyme essential oil, was tested against the ASF virus. The results showed that ASFV isolate (VNUA/HY/ASF1/Vietnam/2019) was inactivated by 3.5 and 5 Log 10 HAD 50 /ml after 20 and 120 min of treatment with SAFER ® , respectively. When body fluids contaminated with ASFV, such as blood, saliva, urine, and feces, were treated with SAFER ® for 20 min, the ASFV titer was reduced by 1.6, 2.2, 2.0, and 2.2 Log 10 HAD 50 /ml, respectively., Competing Interests: EL, MM-M, LP, AM, A-CD, and PC were employed by Olmix SA. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Trinh, Lazenec, Lai, Matard-Mann, Phat, Morvan, Delahaye, Collén, Nguyen and Le.)

Published
2024
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