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Converting paper-grade bleached Kraft pulp into dissolving pulp using eco-friendly chemicals on-site at the mill is a challenge for the pulp industry. In this study, two oxidation systems are evaluated: the first one is based on the use of hydrogen peroxide at various levels of alkalinity; the second one investigates the use of sodium periodate followed by hydrogen peroxide to convert aldehydes into carboxyls and enhance their hemicelluloses removal. Our results have shown that when using only peroxide, the removal of hemicelluloses was not sufficient to improve the pulp's dissolving ability. Conversely, the periodate–peroxide system proved to be more efficient. Results regarding the pulp purity, solubility, degradation (pulp viscosity and cellulose molecular mass distribution), brightness, and its potential applications were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction mechanism of ClO 2 -mediated TEMPO oxidation was investigated by EPR spectroscopy and UV–Vis spectroscopy in the context of an alternative TEMPO sequence for cellulose fiber oxidation. Without the presence of a cellulosic substrate, a reversibility between TEMPO and its oxidation product, TEMPO + , was displayed, with an effect of the pH and reagent molar ratios. The involvement of HOCl and Cl − , formed as byproducts in the oxidation mechanism, was also evidenced. Trapping HOCl partly inhibits the reaction, whereas adding methylglucoside, a cellulose model compound, inhibits the reversibility of the reaction to TEMPO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen peroxide is an environmentally friendly bleaching chemical that is widely used in alkaline media in the pulp and paper industry. In this study, unconventional reaction conditions of the conventional bleaching Pstage were performed to evaluate its effect on cellulose. The objective was to “tailor” the cellulose degradation according to different applications, such as dissolving pulps. Different operating conditions were studied: pH variation (alkaline or acidic medium), as well as the addition of Cu(II) or the Cu(II)-phenanthroline complex. The hypotheses considered were (1) Using H2O2 in unconventional conditions will favor hemicelluloses removal after depolymerization and will lead to the desired cellulose degradation, and (2) H2O2 oxidation carried out under unconventional conditions will favor the dissolving ability of cellulose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lignin, as the most abundant aromatic polymer on the earth, was assessed considering aspects such as sources, type, structure, and isolation processes. Thus, almond shells and almond stems were chosen to aim to represent two different botanical origins, and a study was evaluated to determine their potential properties such as their structural characterization, quantification of their functional groups, and evaluation of thermal properties. A significant difference in the structural characteristics, molecular mass distribution, and thermal properties were observed in each starting material. The almond shells lignin shows a greater content of G-units (66%) than S-units (27%), in contrast to the almond stems lignin, where H-units (60%) are greater than G-units (30%). Therefore, the almond stems lignin has the lowest amount of sugar (15.78%), the highest weight-average molecular weight (9973 g·mol−1), the lowest polydispersity index (1.58), and the greatest thermal stability. The antioxidant properties of extracted lignins were evaluated and compared to other commercial products. All the tested lignins exhibit good antioxidant properties that are revealed by the obtained EC50 values, especially for almond stems lignin (EC50=0.485 µg·mL−1). As a result of this finding, using lignins extracted from almond by-products as a new antioxidant formulation in textile applications could be very promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The copper–phenanthroline complex CuI(Phen)2 was the first artificial nuclease studied in biology. The mechanism responsible for this activity involves CuII(Phen)2 and H2O2. Even if H2O2/Cu systems have been extensively studied in biology and oxidative chemistry, most of these studies were carried out at physiological pH only, and little information is available on the generation of radicals by the H2O2/CuII-Phen system. In the context of paper pulp bleaching to improve the bleaching ability of H2O2, this system has been investigated, mostly at alkaline pH, and more recently at near-neutral pH in the case of dyed cellulosic fibers. Hence, this paper aims at studying the production of radicals with the H2O2/CuII-Phen system at near-neutral and alkaline pHs. Using the EPR/spin-trapping method, HO• formation was monitored to understand the mechanisms involved. DMPO was used as a spin-trap to form DMPO–OH in the presence of HO•, and two HO• scavengers were compared to identify the origin of the observed DMPO–OH adduct, as nucleophilic addition of water onto DMPO leads to the same adduct. H2O2 decomposition was enhanced by the addition of CuII–Phen (and only slightly by addition of CuSO4), reaching a level similar to the Fenton reagent at near-neutral pH. This evidences the role of Phen, which improves the effect of CuII by tuning the electronic structure and structural properties of the corresponding CuII complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]