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1. Environmental heterogeneity modulates the effect of plant diversity on the spatial variability of grassland biomass

Author

Daleo, Pedro, Alberti, Juan, Chaneton, Enrique J., Iribarne, Oscar, Tognetti, Pedro M., Bakker, Jonathan D., Borer, Elizabeth T., Bruschetti, Martín, MacDougall, Andrew S., Pascual, Jesús, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric W., Wang, Shaopeng, Bagchi, Sumanta, Brudvig, Lars A., Catford, Jane A., Dickman, Chris R., Dickson, Timothy L., Donohue, Ian, Eisenhauer, Nico, Gruner, Daniel S., Haider, Sylvia, Jentsch, Anke, Knops, Johannes M. H., Lekberg, Ylva, McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Mortensen, Brent, Ohlert, Timothy, Pärtel, Meelis, Peri, Pablo L., Power, Sally A., Risch, Anita C., Rocca, Camila, Smith, Nicholas G., Stevens, Carly, Tamme, Riin, Veen, G. F. (Ciska), Wilfahrt, Peter A., and Hautier, Yann

Published
2023
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2. Nutrient availability controls the impact of mammalian herbivores on soil carbon and nitrogen pools in grasslands.

Author

Eisenhauer, Nico, Firn, Jennifer, Gherardi, Laureano, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Hobbie, Sarah, Knops, Johannes, MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca, Moore, Joslin, Mortensen, Brent, Peri, Pablo, Prober, Suzanne, Riggs, Charlotte, Risch, Anita, Schütz, Martin, Seabloom, Eric, Siebert, Julia, Stevens, Carly, Veen, G, Sitters, Judith, Wubs, E, Bakker, Elisabeth, Crowther, Thomas, Adler, Peter, Bagchi, Sumanta, Bakker, Jonathan, Biederman, Lori, Borer, Elizabeth, and Cleland, Elsa

Subjects
Nutrient Network (NutNet), carbon sequestration, exclosure, fertilization, global change, grazing, herbivory, nutrient dynamics, nutrient enrichment, soil microorganisms
Abstract

Grasslands are subject to considerable alteration due to human activities globally, including widespread changes in populations and composition of large mammalian herbivores and elevated supply of nutrients. Grassland soils remain important reservoirs of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Herbivores may affect both C and N pools and these changes likely interact with increases in soil nutrient availability. Given the scale of grassland soil fluxes, such changes can have striking consequences for atmospheric C concentrations and the climate. Here, we use the Nutrient Network experiment to examine the responses of soil C and N pools to mammalian herbivore exclusion across 22 grasslands, under ambient and elevated nutrient availabilities (fertilized with NPK + micronutrients). We show that the impact of herbivore exclusion on soil C and N pools depends on fertilization. Under ambient nutrient conditions, we observed no effect of herbivore exclusion, but under elevated nutrient supply, pools are smaller upon herbivore exclusion. The highest mean soil C and N pools were found in grazed and fertilized plots. The decrease in soil C and N upon herbivore exclusion in combination with fertilization correlated with a decrease in aboveground plant biomass and microbial activity, indicating a reduced storage of organic matter and microbial residues as soil C and N. The response of soil C and N pools to herbivore exclusion was contingent on temperature - herbivores likely cause losses of C and N in colder sites and increases in warmer sites. Additionally, grasslands that contain mammalian herbivores have the potential to sequester more N under increased temperature variability and nutrient enrichment than ungrazed grasslands. Our study highlights the importance of conserving mammalian herbivore populations in grasslands worldwide. We need to incorporate local-scale herbivory, and its interaction with nutrient enrichment and climate, within global-scale models to better predict land-atmosphere interactions under future climate change.

Published
2020

3. Nutrient availability controls the impact of mammalian herbivores on soil carbon and nitrogen pools in grasslands

Author

Sitters, Judith, Wubs, ER Jasper, Bakker, Elisabeth S, Crowther, Thomas W, Adler, Peter B, Bagchi, Sumanta, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Borer, Elizabeth T, Cleland, Elsa E, Eisenhauer, Nico, Firn, Jennifer, Gherardi, Laureano, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Hobbie, Sarah E, Knops, Johannes MH, MacDougall, Andrew S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Mortensen, Brent, Peri, Pablo L, Prober, Suzanne M, Riggs, Charlotte, Risch, Anita C, Schütz, Martin, Seabloom, Eric W, Siebert, Julia, Stevens, Carly J, and Veen, GF Ciska

Subjects
Climate Action, carbon sequestration, exclosure, fertilization, global change, grazing, herbivory, nutrient dynamics, nutrient enrichment, Nutrient Network, soil microorganisms, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

Grasslands are subject to considerable alteration due to human activities globally, including widespread changes in populations and composition of large mammalian herbivores and elevated supply of nutrients. Grassland soils remain important reservoirs of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Herbivores may affect both C and N pools and these changes likely interact with increases in soil nutrient availability. Given the scale of grassland soil fluxes, such changes can have striking consequences for atmospheric C concentrations and the climate. Here, we use the Nutrient Network experiment to examine the responses of soil C and N pools to mammalian herbivore exclusion across 22 grasslands, under ambient and elevated nutrient availabilities (fertilized with NPK + micronutrients). We show that the impact of herbivore exclusion on soil C and N pools depends on fertilization. Under ambient nutrient conditions, we observed no effect of herbivore exclusion, but under elevated nutrient supply, pools are smaller upon herbivore exclusion. The highest mean soil C and N pools were found in grazed and fertilized plots. The decrease in soil C and N upon herbivore exclusion in combination with fertilization correlated with a decrease in aboveground plant biomass and microbial activity, indicating a reduced storage of organic matter and microbial residues as soil C and N. The response of soil C and N pools to herbivore exclusion was contingent on temperature - herbivores likely cause losses of C and N in colder sites and increases in warmer sites. Additionally, grasslands that contain mammalian herbivores have the potential to sequester more N under increased temperature variability and nutrient enrichment than ungrazed grasslands. Our study highlights the importance of conserving mammalian herbivore populations in grasslands worldwide. We need to incorporate local-scale herbivory, and its interaction with nutrient enrichment and climate, within global-scale models to better predict land-atmosphere interactions under future climate change.

Published
2020

4. Temporal rarity is a better predictor of local extinction risk than spatial rarity

Author

Wilfahrt, Peter A., Asmus, Ashley L., Seabloom, Eric W., Henning, Jeremiah A., Adler, Peter, Arnillas, Carlos A., Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori, Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Daleo, Pedro, Eskelinen, Anu, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Kirkman, Kevin P., Komatsu, Kimberly J., Laungani, Ramesh, MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Mortensen, Brent, Hueso, Raul Ochoa, Ohlert, Timothy, Power, Sally A., Price, Jodi, Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Shoemaker, Lauren, Stevens, Carly, Strauss, Alexander T., Tognetti, Pedro M., Virtanen, Risto, and Borer, Elizabeth T.

Published
2021

5. Spatial heterogeneity in species composition constrains plant community responses to herbivory and fertilisation.

Author

Hodapp, Dorothee, Borer, Elizabeth T, Harpole, W Stanley, Lind, Eric M, Seabloom, Eric W, Adler, Peter B, Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos A, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Cadotte, Marc, Cleland, Elsa E, Collins, Scott, Fay, Philip A, Firn, Jennifer, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Iribarne, Oscar, Knops, Johannes MH, McCulley, Rebecca L, MacDougall, Andrew, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Mortensen, Brent, La Pierre, Kimberly J, Risch, Anita C, Schütz, Martin, Peri, Pablo, Stevens, Carly J, Wright, Justin, and Hillebrand, Helmut

Subjects
Plants, Biodiversity, Herbivory, Beta diversity, Nutrient Network, diversity, fertilisation, grassland, nitrogen, spatial heterogeneity, species composition, temporal turnover, Ecological Applications, Ecology, Evolutionary Biology
Abstract

Environmental change can result in substantial shifts in community composition. The associated immigration and extinction events are likely constrained by the spatial distribution of species. Still, studies on environmental change typically quantify biotic responses at single spatial (time series within a single plot) or temporal (spatial beta diversity at single time points) scales, ignoring their potential interdependence. Here, we use data from a global network of grassland experiments to determine how turnover responses to two major forms of environmental change - fertilisation and herbivore loss - are affected by species pool size and spatial compositional heterogeneity. Fertilisation led to higher rates of local extinction, whereas turnover in herbivore exclusion plots was driven by species replacement. Overall, sites with more spatially heterogeneous composition showed significantly higher rates of annual turnover, independent of species pool size and treatment. Taking into account spatial biodiversity aspects will therefore improve our understanding of consequences of global and anthropogenic change on community dynamics.

Published
2018

6. Plant species' origin predicts dominance and response to nutrient enrichment and herbivores in global grasslands.

Author

Seabloom, Eric W, Borer, Elizabeth T, Buckley, Yvonne M, Cleland, Elsa E, Davies, Kendi F, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M, MacDougall, Andrew S, Orrock, John L, Prober, Suzanne M, Adler, Peter B, Anderson, T Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori A, Blumenthal, Dana M, Brown, Cynthia S, Brudvig, Lars A, Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L, Crawley, Michael J, Damschen, Ellen I, Dantonio, Carla M, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A, Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S, Humphries, Hope C, Jin, Virginia L, Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P, Klein, Julia A, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G, Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, McCulley, Rebecca L, Melbourne, Brett A, Mitchell, Charles E, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R, Pyke, David A, Risch, Anita C, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D, Stevens, Carly J, Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D, Wright, Justin, and Yang, Louie

Subjects
Animals, Vertebrates, Plants, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Soil, Ecosystem, Biodiversity, Eutrophication, Food, Introduced Species, Herbivory, Grassland, MD Multidisciplinary
Abstract

Exotic species dominate many communities; however the functional significance of species' biogeographic origin remains highly contentious. This debate is fuelled in part by the lack of globally replicated, systematic data assessing the relationship between species provenance, function and response to perturbations. We examined the abundance of native and exotic plant species at 64 grasslands in 13 countries, and at a subset of the sites we experimentally tested native and exotic species responses to two fundamental drivers of invasion, mineral nutrient supplies and vertebrate herbivory. Exotic species are six times more likely to dominate communities than native species. Furthermore, while experimental nutrient addition increases the cover and richness of exotic species, nutrients decrease native diversity and cover. Native and exotic species also differ in their response to vertebrate consumer exclusion. These results suggest that species origin has functional significance, and that eutrophication will lead to increased exotic dominance in grasslands.

Published
2015

7. Herbivores and nutrients control grassland plant diversity via light limitation

Author

Borer, Elizabeth T, Seabloom, Eric W, Gruner, Daniel S, Harpole, W Stanley, Hillebrand, Helmut, Lind, Eric M, Adler, Peter B, Alberti, Juan, Anderson, T Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Blumenthal, Dana, Brown, Cynthia S, Brudvig, Lars A, Buckley, Yvonne M, Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E, Crawley, Michael J, Daleo, Pedro, Damschen, Ellen I, Davies, Kendi F, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, Du, Guozhen, Firn, Jennifer, Hautier, Yann, Heckman, Robert W, Hector, Andy, HilleRisLambers, Janneke, Iribarne, Oscar, Klein, Julia A, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, Leakey, Andrew DB, Li, Wei, MacDougall, Andrew S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Melbourne, Brett A, Mitchell, Charles E, Moore, Joslin L, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R, Orrock, John L, Pascual, Jesús, Prober, Suzanne M, Pyke, David A, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Smith, Melinda D, Stevens, Carly J, Sullivan, Lauren L, Williams, Ryan J, Wragg, Peter D, Wright, Justin P, and Yang, Louie H

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Ecology, Nutrition, Biodiversity, Climate, Eutrophication, Geography, Herbivory, Human Activities, Internationality, Light, Nitrogen, Plants, Poaceae, Time Factors, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Human alterations to nutrient cycles and herbivore communities are affecting global biodiversity dramatically. Ecological theory predicts these changes should be strongly counteractive: nutrient addition drives plant species loss through intensified competition for light, whereas herbivores prevent competitive exclusion by increasing ground-level light, particularly in productive systems. Here we use experimental data spanning a globally relevant range of conditions to test the hypothesis that herbaceous plant species losses caused by eutrophication may be offset by increased light availability due to herbivory. This experiment, replicated in 40 grasslands on 6 continents, demonstrates that nutrients and herbivores can serve as counteracting forces to control local plant diversity through light limitation, independent of site productivity, soil nitrogen, herbivore type and climate. Nutrient addition consistently reduced local diversity through light limitation, and herbivory rescued diversity at sites where it alleviated light limitation. Thus, species loss from anthropogenic eutrophication can be ameliorated in grasslands where herbivory increases ground-level light.

Published
2014

9. Predicting invasion in grassland ecosystems: is exotic dominance the real embarrassment of richness?

Author

Seabloom, Eric W, Borer, Elizabeth T, Buckley, Yvonne, Cleland, Elsa E, Davies, Kendi, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric, MacDougall, Andrew, Orrock, John L, Prober, Suzanne M, Adler, Peter, Alberti, Juan, Anderson, T Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori A, Blumenthal, Dana, Brown, Cynthia S, Brudvig, Lars A, Caldeira, Maria, Chu, Chengjin, Crawley, Michael J, Daleo, Pedro, Damschen, Ellen I, D'Antonio, Carla M, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, Dickman, Chris R, Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A, Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andrew, Helm, Aveliina, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S, Humphries, Hope C, Iribarne, Oscar, Jin, Virginia L, Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P, Klein, Julia A, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, Ladwig, Laura M, Lambrinos, John G, Leakey, Andrew DB, Li, Qi, Li, Wei, McCulley, Rebecca, Melbourne, Brett, Mitchell, Charles E, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R, Pärtel, Meelis, Pascual, Jesús, Pyke, David A, Risch, Anita C, Salguero-Gómez, Roberto, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda, Stevens, Carly, Sullivan, Lauren, Wardle, Glenda M, Wolkovich, Elizabeth M, Wragg, Peter D, Wright, Justin, and Yang, Louie

Subjects
Poaceae, Ecosystem, Biodiversity, Introduced Species, Plant Dispersal, Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

Invasions have increased the size of regional species pools, but are typically assumed to reduce native diversity. However, global-scale tests of this assumption have been elusive because of the focus on exotic species richness, rather than relative abundance. This is problematic because low invader richness can indicate invasion resistance by the native community or, alternatively, dominance by a single exotic species. Here, we used a globally replicated study to quantify relationships between exotic richness and abundance in grass-dominated ecosystems in 13 countries on six continents, ranging from salt marshes to alpine tundra. We tested effects of human land use, native community diversity, herbivore pressure, and nutrient limitation on exotic plant dominance. Despite its widespread use, exotic richness was a poor proxy for exotic dominance at low exotic richness, because sites that contained few exotic species ranged from relatively pristine (low exotic richness and cover) to almost completely exotic-dominated ones (low exotic richness but high exotic cover). Both exotic cover and richness were predicted by native plant diversity (native grass richness) and land use (distance to cultivation). Although climate was important for predicting both exotic cover and richness, climatic factors predicting cover (precipitation variability) differed from those predicting richness (maximum temperature and mean temperature in the wettest quarter). Herbivory and nutrient limitation did not predict exotic richness or cover. Exotic dominance was greatest in areas with low native grass richness at the site- or regional-scale. Although this could reflect native grass displacement, a lack of biotic resistance is a more likely explanation, given that grasses comprise the most aggressive invaders. These findings underscore the need to move beyond richness as a surrogate for the extent of invasion, because this metric confounds monodominance with invasion resistance. Monitoring species' relative abundance will more rapidly advance our understanding of invasions.

Published
2013

10. Compositional variation in grassland plant communities

Author

Bakker, Jonathan d., Price, Jodi n., Henning, Jeremiah a., Batzer, Evan e., Ohlert, Timothy j., Wainwright, Claire e., Adler, Peter b., Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos alberto, Biederman, Lori a., Borer, Elizabeth t., Brudvig, Lars a., Buckley, Yvonne m., Bugalho, Miguel n., Cadotte, Marc w., Caldeira, Maria c., Catford, Jane a., Chen, Qingqing, Crawley, Michael j., Daleo, Pedro, Dickman, Chris r., Donohue, Ian, Dupre, Mary ellyn, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fay, Philip a., Gruner, Daniel s., Haider, Sylvia, Hautier, Yann, Jentsch, Anke, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes m. h., Lannes, Lucíola s., Macdougall, Andrew s., Mcculley, Rebecca l., Mitchell, Rachel m., Moore, Joslin l., Morgan, John w., Mortensen, Brent, Olde venterink, Harry, Peri, Pablo l., Power, Sally a., Prober, Suzanne m., Roscher, Christiane, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric w., Smith, Melinda d., Stevens, Carly, Sullivan, Lauren l., Tedder, Michelle, Veen, G. f. (ciska), Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda m., Bakker, Jonathan d., Price, Jodi n., Henning, Jeremiah a., Batzer, Evan e., Ohlert, Timothy j., Wainwright, Claire e., Adler, Peter b., Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos alberto, Biederman, Lori a., Borer, Elizabeth t., Brudvig, Lars a., Buckley, Yvonne m., Bugalho, Miguel n., Cadotte, Marc w., Caldeira, Maria c., Catford, Jane a., Chen, Qingqing, Crawley, Michael j., Daleo, Pedro, Dickman, Chris r., Donohue, Ian, Dupre, Mary ellyn, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fay, Philip a., Gruner, Daniel s., Haider, Sylvia, Hautier, Yann, Jentsch, Anke, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes m. h., Lannes, Lucíola s., Macdougall, Andrew s., Mcculley, Rebecca l., Mitchell, Rachel m., Moore, Joslin l., Morgan, John w., Mortensen, Brent, Olde venterink, Harry, Peri, Pablo l., Power, Sally a., Prober, Suzanne m., Roscher, Christiane, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric w., Smith, Melinda d., Stevens, Carly, Sullivan, Lauren l., Tedder, Michelle, Veen, G. f. (ciska), Virtanen, Risto, and Wardle, Glenda m.

Abstract

Human activities are altering ecological communities around the globe. Understanding the implications of these changes requires that we consider the composition of those communities. However, composition can be summarized by many metrics which in turn are influenced by different ecological processes. For example, incidence-based metrics strongly reflect species gains or losses, while abundance-based metrics are minimally affected by changes in the abundance of small or uncommon species. Furthermore, metrics might be correlated with different predictors. We used a globally distributed experiment to examine variation in species composition within 60 grasslands on six continents. Each site had an identical experimental and sampling design: 24 plots × 4 years. We expressed compositional variation within each site—not across sites—using abundance- and incidence-based metrics of the magnitude of dissimilarity (Bray–Curtis and Sorensen, respectively), abundance- and incidence-based measures of the relative importance of replacement (balanced variation and species turnover, respectively), and species richness at two scales (per plot-year [alpha] and per site [gamma]). Average compositional variation among all plot-years at a site was high and similar to spatial variation among plots in the pretreatment year, but lower among years in untreated plots. For both types of metrics, most variation was due to replacement rather than nestedness. Differences among sites in overall within-site compositional variation were related to several predictors. Environmental heterogeneity (expressed as the CV of total aboveground plant biomass in unfertilized plots of the site) was an important predictor for most metrics. Biomass production was a predictor of species turnover and of alpha diversity but not of other metrics. Continentality (measured as annual temperature range) was a strong predictor of Sorensen dissimilarity. Metrics of compositional variation are moderately correlated: knowin

Published
2023

11. Environmental heterogeneity modulates the effect of plant diversity on the spatial variability of grassland biomass

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Daleo, Pedro, Alberti, Juan, Chaneton, Enrique J, Iribarne, Oscar, Tognetti, Pedro M, Bakker, Jonathan D, Borer, Elizabeth T, Bruschetti, Martín, MacDougall, Andrew S, Pascual, Jesús, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric W, Wang, Shaopeng, Bagchi, Sumanta, Brudvig, Lars A, Catford, Jane A, Dickman, Chris R, Dickson, Timothy L, Donohue, Ian, Eisenhauer, Nico, Gruner, Daniel S, Haider, Sylvia, Jentsch, Anke, Knops, Johannes M H, Lekberg, Ylva, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Mortensen, Brent, Ohlert, Timothy, Pärtel, Meelis, Peri, Pablo L, Power, Sally A, Risch, Anita C, Rocca, Camila, Smith, Nicholas G, Stevens, Carly, Tamme, Riin, Veen, G F Ciska, Wilfahrt, Peter A, Hautier, Yann, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Daleo, Pedro, Alberti, Juan, Chaneton, Enrique J, Iribarne, Oscar, Tognetti, Pedro M, Bakker, Jonathan D, Borer, Elizabeth T, Bruschetti, Martín, MacDougall, Andrew S, Pascual, Jesús, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric W, Wang, Shaopeng, Bagchi, Sumanta, Brudvig, Lars A, Catford, Jane A, Dickman, Chris R, Dickson, Timothy L, Donohue, Ian, Eisenhauer, Nico, Gruner, Daniel S, Haider, Sylvia, Jentsch, Anke, Knops, Johannes M H, Lekberg, Ylva, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Mortensen, Brent, Ohlert, Timothy, Pärtel, Meelis, Peri, Pablo L, Power, Sally A, Risch, Anita C, Rocca, Camila, Smith, Nicholas G, Stevens, Carly, Tamme, Riin, Veen, G F Ciska, Wilfahrt, Peter A, and Hautier, Yann

Published
2023

12. Environmental heterogeneity modulates the effect of biodiversity on the spatial variability of grassland biomass

Author

Daleo, Pedro, Alberti, E., Chaneton, Enrique J., Iribarne, Oscar, Tognetti, Pedro M., Bakker, J.D., Borer, E.T., Bruschetti, M., MacDougall, A.S., Pascual, Jesús, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric W., Wang, S., Bagchi, S., Brudvig, Lars A., Catford, Jane A., Dickman, C. R., Dickson, T.L., Donohue, I., Eisenhauer, Nico, Gruner, D., Haider, S., Jentsch, Anke, Knops, Johannes M. H., Lekberg, Y., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, J.L., Mortensen, Brent, Ohlert, Timothy, Pärtel, M, Peri, P.L., Power, S.A., Risch, A., Rocca, C., Smith, N., Stevens, Carly, Tamme, R., Veen, G.F., Wilfahrt, P.A., Hautier, Yann, Daleo, Pedro, Alberti, E., Chaneton, Enrique J., Iribarne, Oscar, Tognetti, Pedro M., Bakker, J.D., Borer, E.T., Bruschetti, M., MacDougall, A.S., Pascual, Jesús, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric W., Wang, S., Bagchi, S., Brudvig, Lars A., Catford, Jane A., Dickman, C. R., Dickson, T.L., Donohue, I., Eisenhauer, Nico, Gruner, D., Haider, S., Jentsch, Anke, Knops, Johannes M. H., Lekberg, Y., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, J.L., Mortensen, Brent, Ohlert, Timothy, Pärtel, M, Peri, P.L., Power, S.A., Risch, A., Rocca, C., Smith, N., Stevens, Carly, Tamme, R., Veen, G.F., Wilfahrt, P.A., and Hautier, Yann

Abstract

Plant productivity varies due to environmental heterogeneity, and theory suggests that plant diversity can reduce this variation. While there is strong evidence of diversity effects on temporal variability of productivity, whether this mechanism extends to variability across space remains elusive. Here we determine the relationship between plant diversity and spatial variability of productivity in 83 grasslands, and quantify the effect of experimentally increased spatial heterogeneity in environmental conditions on this relationship. We found that communities with higher plant species richness (alpha and gamma diversity) have lower spatial variability of productivity as reduced abundance of some species can be compensated for by increased abundance of other species. In contrast, high species dissimilarity among local communities (beta diversity) is positively associated with spatial variability of productivity, suggesting that changes in species composition can scale up to affect productivity. Experimentally increased spatial environmental heterogeneity weakens the effect of plant alpha and gamma diversity, and reveals that beta diversity can simultaneously decrease and increase spatial variability of productivity. Our findings unveil the generality of the diversity-stability theory across space, and suggest that reduced local diversity and biotic homogenization can affect the spatial reliability of key ecosystem functions.

Published
2023

13. Compositional variation in grassland plant communities

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Bakker, Jonathan d., Price, Jodi n., Henning, Jeremiah a., Batzer, Evan e., Ohlert, Timothy j., Wainwright, Claire e., Adler, Peter b., Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos alberto, Biederman, Lori a., Borer, Elizabeth t., Brudvig, Lars a., Buckley, Yvonne m., Bugalho, Miguel n., Cadotte, Marc w., Caldeira, Maria c., Catford, Jane a., Chen, Qingqing, Crawley, Michael j., Daleo, Pedro, Dickman, Chris r., Donohue, Ian, Dupre, Mary ellyn, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fay, Philip a., Gruner, Daniel s., Haider, Sylvia, Hautier, Yann, Jentsch, Anke, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes m. h., Lannes, Lucíola s., Macdougall, Andrew s., Mcculley, Rebecca l., Mitchell, Rachel m., Moore, Joslin l., Morgan, John w., Mortensen, Brent, Olde venterink, Harry, Peri, Pablo l., Power, Sally a., Prober, Suzanne m., Roscher, Christiane, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric w., Smith, Melinda d., Stevens, Carly, Sullivan, Lauren l., Tedder, Michelle, Veen, G. f. (ciska), Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda m., Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Bakker, Jonathan d., Price, Jodi n., Henning, Jeremiah a., Batzer, Evan e., Ohlert, Timothy j., Wainwright, Claire e., Adler, Peter b., Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos alberto, Biederman, Lori a., Borer, Elizabeth t., Brudvig, Lars a., Buckley, Yvonne m., Bugalho, Miguel n., Cadotte, Marc w., Caldeira, Maria c., Catford, Jane a., Chen, Qingqing, Crawley, Michael j., Daleo, Pedro, Dickman, Chris r., Donohue, Ian, Dupre, Mary ellyn, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fay, Philip a., Gruner, Daniel s., Haider, Sylvia, Hautier, Yann, Jentsch, Anke, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes m. h., Lannes, Lucíola s., Macdougall, Andrew s., Mcculley, Rebecca l., Mitchell, Rachel m., Moore, Joslin l., Morgan, John w., Mortensen, Brent, Olde venterink, Harry, Peri, Pablo l., Power, Sally a., Prober, Suzanne m., Roscher, Christiane, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric w., Smith, Melinda d., Stevens, Carly, Sullivan, Lauren l., Tedder, Michelle, Veen, G. f. (ciska), Virtanen, Risto, and Wardle, Glenda m.

Published
2023

16. Productivity Is a Poor Predictor of Plant Species Richness

Author

Adler, Peter B., Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Hillebrand, Helmut, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andy, Harpole, W. Stanley, O'Halloran, Lydia R., Grace, James B., Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Brown, Cynthia S., Buckley, Yvonne M., Calabrese, Laura B., Chu, Cheng-Jin, Cleland, Elsa E., Collins, Scott L., Cottingham, Kathryn L., Crawley, Michael J., Damschen, Ellen I., Davies, Kendi F., DeCrappeo, Nicole M., Fay, Philip A., Firn, Jennifer, Frater, Paul, Gasarch, Eve I., Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Lambers, Janneke Hille Ris, Humphries, Hope, Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam D., Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Lambrinos, John G., Li, Wei, MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Mortensen, Brent, Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren L., Wang, Gang, Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin P., and Yang, Louie H.

Published
2011
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18. Temporal rarity is a better predictor of local extinction risk than spatial rarity

Author

Wilfahrt, Peter A, Asmus, Ashley L, Seabloom, Eric W, Henning, Jeremiah A, Adler, Peter, Arnillas, Carlos A, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Brudvig, Lars A, Cadotte, Marc, Daleo, Pedro, Eskelinen, Anu, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Kirkman, Kevin P, Komatsu, Kimberly J, Laungani, Ramesh, MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Mortensen, Brent, Ochoa Hueso, Raul, Ohlert, Timothy, Power, Sally A, Price, Jodi, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Shoemaker, Lauren, Stevens, Carly, Strauss, Alexander T, Tognetti, Pedro Maximiliano, Virtanen, Risto, Borer, Elizabeth T, Wilfahrt, Peter A, Asmus, Ashley L, Seabloom, Eric W, Henning, Jeremiah A, Adler, Peter, Arnillas, Carlos A, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Brudvig, Lars A, Cadotte, Marc, Daleo, Pedro, Eskelinen, Anu, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Kirkman, Kevin P, Komatsu, Kimberly J, Laungani, Ramesh, MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Mortensen, Brent, Ochoa Hueso, Raul, Ohlert, Timothy, Power, Sally A, Price, Jodi, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Shoemaker, Lauren, Stevens, Carly, Strauss, Alexander T, Tognetti, Pedro Maximiliano, Virtanen, Risto, and Borer, Elizabeth T

Abstract

Spatial rarity is often used to predict extinction risk, but rarity can also occur temporally. Perhaps more relevant in the context of global change is whether a species is core to a community (persistent) or transient (intermittently present), with transient species often susceptible to human activities that reduce niche space. Using 5–12 yr of data on 1,447 plant species from 49 grasslands on five continents, we show that local abundance and species persistence under ambient conditions are both effective predictors of local extinction risk following experimental exclusion of grazers or addition of nutrients; persistence was a more powerful predictor than local abundance. While perturbations increased the risk of exclusion for low persistence and abundance species, transient but abundant species were also highly likely to be excluded from a perturbed plot relative to ambient conditions. Moreover, low persistence and low abundance species that were not excluded from perturbed plots tended to have a modest increase in abundance following perturbance. Last, even core species with high abundances had large decreases in persistence and increased losses in perturbed plots, threatening the long-term stability of these grasslands. Our results demonstrate that expanding the concept of rarity to include temporal dynamics, in addition to local abundance, more effectively predicts extinction risk in response to environmental change than either rarity axis predicts alone.

Published
2021

19. Temporal rarity is a better predictor of local extinction risk than spatial rarity

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Wilfahrt, Peter A, Asmus, Ashley L, Seabloom, Eric W, Henning, Jeremiah A, Adler, Peter, Arnillas, Carlos A, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Brudvig, Lars A, Cadotte, Marc, Daleo, Pedro, Eskelinen, Anu, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Kirkman, Kevin P, Komatsu, Kimberly J, Laungani, Ramesh, MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Mortensen, Brent, Ochoa Hueso, Raul, Ohlert, Timothy, Power, Sally A, Price, Jodi, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Shoemaker, Lauren, Stevens, Carly, Strauss, Alexander T, Tognetti, Pedro Maximiliano, Virtanen, Risto, Borer, Elizabeth T, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Wilfahrt, Peter A, Asmus, Ashley L, Seabloom, Eric W, Henning, Jeremiah A, Adler, Peter, Arnillas, Carlos A, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Brudvig, Lars A, Cadotte, Marc, Daleo, Pedro, Eskelinen, Anu, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Kirkman, Kevin P, Komatsu, Kimberly J, Laungani, Ramesh, MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Mortensen, Brent, Ochoa Hueso, Raul, Ohlert, Timothy, Power, Sally A, Price, Jodi, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Shoemaker, Lauren, Stevens, Carly, Strauss, Alexander T, Tognetti, Pedro Maximiliano, Virtanen, Risto, and Borer, Elizabeth T

Published
2021

20. Climate and local environment structure asynchrony and the stability of primary production in grasslands

Author

Gilbert, Benjamin, MacDougall, Andrew S., Kadoya, Taku, Akasaka, Munemitsu, Bennett, Joseph R., Lind, Eric M., Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Firn, Jennifer, Hautier, Yann, Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., Adler, Peter B., Cleland, Elsa E., Grace, James B., Harpole, William Stanley, Esch, Ellen H., Moore, Joslin L., Knops, Johannes, McCulley, Rebecca, Mortensen, Brent, Bakker, Jonathan, Fay, Philip A., Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, and Ecology and Biodiversity

Subjects
climate variability, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, fluctuations, soil conditions, rainfall, synchrony, precipitation, diversity, climate change, soil properties, Taverne, species richness, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Aim: Climate variability threatens to destabilize production in many ecosystems. Asynchronous species dynamics may buffer against such variability when a decrease in performance by some species is offset by an increase in performance of others. However, high climatic variability can eliminate species through stochastic extinctions or cause similar stress responses among species that reduce buffering. Local conditions, such as soil nutrients, can also alter production stability directly or by influencing asynchrony. We test these hypotheses using a globally distributed sampling experiment. Location: Grasslands in North America, Europe and Australia. Time period: Annual surveys over 5 year intervals occurring between 2007 and 2014. Major taxa studied: Herbaceous plants. Methods: We sampled annually the per species cover and aboveground community biomass [net primary productivity (NPP)], plus soil chemical properties, in 29 grasslands. We tested how soil conditions, combined with variability in precipitation and temperature, affect species richness, asynchrony and temporal stability of primary productivity. We used bivariate relationships and structural equation modelling to examine proximate and ultimate relationships. Results: Climate variability strongly predicted asynchrony, whereas NPP stability was more related to soil conditions. Species richness was structured by both climate variability and soils and, in turn, increased asynchrony. Variability in temperature and precipitation caused a unimodal asynchrony response, with asynchrony being lowest at low and high climate variability. Climate impacted stability indirectly, through its effect on asynchrony, with stability increasing at higher asynchrony owing to lower inter-annual variability in NPP. Soil conditions had no detectable effect on asynchrony but increased stability by increasing the mean NPP, especially when soil organic matter was high. Main conclusions: We found globally consistent evidence that climate modulates species asynchrony but that the direct effect on stability is low relative to local soil conditions. Nonetheless, our observed unimodal responses to variability in temperature and precipitation suggest asynchrony thresholds, beyond which there are detectable destabilizing impacts of climate on primary productivity.

Published
2020

21. Climate and local environment structure asynchrony and the stability of primary production in grasslands

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Gilbert, Benjamin, MacDougall, Andrew S., Kadoya, Taku, Akasaka, Munemitsu, Bennett, Joseph R., Lind, Eric M., Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Firn, Jennifer, Hautier, Yann, Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., Adler, Peter B., Cleland, Elsa E., Grace, James B., Harpole, William Stanley, Esch, Ellen H., Moore, Joslin L., Knops, Johannes, McCulley, Rebecca, Mortensen, Brent, Bakker, Jonathan, Fay, Philip A., Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Gilbert, Benjamin, MacDougall, Andrew S., Kadoya, Taku, Akasaka, Munemitsu, Bennett, Joseph R., Lind, Eric M., Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Firn, Jennifer, Hautier, Yann, Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., Adler, Peter B., Cleland, Elsa E., Grace, James B., Harpole, William Stanley, Esch, Ellen H., Moore, Joslin L., Knops, Johannes, McCulley, Rebecca, Mortensen, Brent, Bakker, Jonathan, and Fay, Philip A.

Published
2020

22. Nutrient availability controls the impact of mammalian herbivores on soil carbon and nitrogen pools in grasslands

Author

Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Sitters, Judith, Wubs, E R Jasper, Bakker, Elisabeth S, Crowther, Thomas W, Adler, Peter B, Bagchi, Sumanta, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Borer, Elizabeth T, Cleland, Elsa E, Eisenhauer, Nico, Firn, Jennifer, Gherardi, Laureano, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Hobbie, Sarah E, Knops, Johannes M H, MacDougall, Andrew S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Mortensen, Brent, Peri, Pablo L, Prober, Suzanne M, Riggs, Charlotte, Risch, Anita C, Schütz, Martin, Seabloom, Eric W, Siebert, Julia, Stevens, Carly J, Veen, G F Ciska, Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Sitters, Judith, Wubs, E R Jasper, Bakker, Elisabeth S, Crowther, Thomas W, Adler, Peter B, Bagchi, Sumanta, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Borer, Elizabeth T, Cleland, Elsa E, Eisenhauer, Nico, Firn, Jennifer, Gherardi, Laureano, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Hobbie, Sarah E, Knops, Johannes M H, MacDougall, Andrew S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Mortensen, Brent, Peri, Pablo L, Prober, Suzanne M, Riggs, Charlotte, Risch, Anita C, Schütz, Martin, Seabloom, Eric W, Siebert, Julia, Stevens, Carly J, and Veen, G F Ciska

Published
2020

23. Nutrient availability controls the impact of mammalian herbivores on soil carbon and nitrogen pools in grasslands

Author

Nutrient Network, Sitters, Judith, Wubs, E.R.J., Bakker, E.S., Crowther, Thomas W., Adler, Peter B., Bagchi, Sumanta, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, L., Borer, Elizabeth T., Cleland, Elsa E., Eisenhauer, Nico, Firn, J, Gherardi, Laureano, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Y., Hobbie, Sarah, Knops, Johannes M. H., MacDougall, A.S., McCulley, R.L., Moore, Joslin L., Mortensen, Brent, Peri, Pablo L., Prober, S.M., Riggs, C, Risch, Anita C., Schütz, Martin, Seabloom, Eric W., Siebert, Julia, Stevens, C.J., Veen, G.F., Nutrient Network, Sitters, Judith, Wubs, E.R.J., Bakker, E.S., Crowther, Thomas W., Adler, Peter B., Bagchi, Sumanta, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, L., Borer, Elizabeth T., Cleland, Elsa E., Eisenhauer, Nico, Firn, J, Gherardi, Laureano, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Y., Hobbie, Sarah, Knops, Johannes M. H., MacDougall, A.S., McCulley, R.L., Moore, Joslin L., Mortensen, Brent, Peri, Pablo L., Prober, S.M., Riggs, C, Risch, Anita C., Schütz, Martin, Seabloom, Eric W., Siebert, Julia, Stevens, C.J., and Veen, G.F.

Abstract

Grasslands are subject to considerable alteration due to human activities globally, including widespread changes in populations and composition of large mammalian herbivores and elevated supply of nutrients. Grassland soils remain important reservoirs of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Herbivores may affect both C and N pools and these changes likely interact with increases in soil nutrient availability. Given the scale of grassland soil fluxes, such changes can have striking consequences for atmospheric C concentrations and the climate. Here, we use the Nutrient Network experiment to examine the responses of soil C and N pools to mammalian herbivore exclusion across 22 grasslands, under ambient and elevated nutrient availabilities (fertilized with NPK + micronutrients). We show that the impact of herbivore exclusion on soil C and N pools depends on fertilization. Under ambient nutrient conditions, we observed no effect of herbivore exclusion, but under elevated nutrient supply, pools are smaller upon herbivore exclusion. The highest mean soil C and N pools were found in grazed and fertilized plots. The decrease in soil C and N upon herbivore exclusion in combination with fertilization correlated with a decrease in aboveground plant biomass and microbial activity, indicating a reduced storage of organic matter and microbial residues as soil C and N. The response of soil C and N pools to herbivore exclusion was contingent on temperature – herbivores likely cause losses of C and N in colder sites and increases in warmer sites. Additionally, grasslands that contain mammalian herbivores have the potential to sequester more N under increased temperature variability and nutrient enrichment than ungrazed grasslands. Our study highlights the importance of conserving mammalian herbivore populations in grasslands worldwide. We need to incorporate local‐scale herbivory, and its interaction with nutrient enrichment and climate, within global‐scale models to better predict land–atm

Published
2020

24. Nutrients cause grassland biomass to outpace herbivory

Author

Borer, Elizabeth T., Harpole, W. Stanley, Adler, Peter B., Arnillas, Carlos A., Bugalho, M.N., Cadotte, Marc W., Caldeira, Maria, Campana, S., Dickman, Chris R., Dickson, T.L., Donohue, Ian, Eskelinen, A., Firn, Jennifer, Graf, P., Gruner, Daniel S., Heckman, Robert W., Koltz, A.M., Komatsu, K.J., Lannes, L.S., MacDougall, Andrew S., Martina, J.P., Moore, J.L., Mortensen, Brent, Ochoa-Hueso, Raul, Olde Venterink, H., Power, S.A., Price, J., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schütz, Martin, Sitters, J., Stevens, Carly, Virtanen, R, Wilfahrt, Peter, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Harpole, W. Stanley, Adler, Peter B., Arnillas, Carlos A., Bugalho, M.N., Cadotte, Marc W., Caldeira, Maria, Campana, S., Dickman, Chris R., Dickson, T.L., Donohue, Ian, Eskelinen, A., Firn, Jennifer, Graf, P., Gruner, Daniel S., Heckman, Robert W., Koltz, A.M., Komatsu, K.J., Lannes, L.S., MacDougall, Andrew S., Martina, J.P., Moore, J.L., Mortensen, Brent, Ochoa-Hueso, Raul, Olde Venterink, H., Power, S.A., Price, J., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schütz, Martin, Sitters, J., Stevens, Carly, Virtanen, R, Wilfahrt, Peter, and Seabloom, Eric W.

Abstract

Human activities are transforming grassland biomass via changing climate, elemental nutrients, and herbivory. Theory predicts that food-limited herbivores will consume any additional biomass stimulated by nutrient inputs (‘consumer-controlled’). Alternatively, nutrient supply is predicted to increase biomass where herbivores alter community composition or are limited by factors other than food (‘resource-controlled’). Using an experiment replicated in 58 grasslands spanning six continents, we show that nutrient addition and vertebrate herbivore exclusion each caused sustained increases in aboveground live biomass over a decade, but consumer control was weak. However, at sites with high vertebrate grazing intensity or domestic livestock, herbivores consumed the additional fertilization-induced biomass, supporting the consumer-controlled prediction. Herbivores most effectively reduced the additional live biomass at sites with low precipitation or high ambient soil nitrogen. Overall, these experimental results suggest that grassland biomass will outstrip wild herbivore control as human activities increase elemental nutrient supply, with widespread consequences for grazing and fire risk.

Published
2020

25. Climate and local environment structure asynchrony and the stability of primary production in grasslands

Author

Gilbert, Benjamin, primary, MacDougall, Andrew S., additional, Kadoya, Taku, additional, Akasaka, Munemitsu, additional, Bennett, Joseph R., additional, Lind, Eric M., additional, Flores‐Moreno, Habacuc, additional, Firn, Jennifer, additional, Hautier, Yann, additional, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Adler, Peter B., additional, Cleland, Elsa E., additional, Grace, James B., additional, Harpole, William Stanley, additional, Esch, Ellen H., additional, Moore, Joslin L., additional, Knops, Johannes, additional, McCulley, Rebecca, additional, Mortensen, Brent, additional, Bakker, Jonathan, additional, and Fay, Philip A., additional

Published
2020
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27. Herbivores safeguard plant diversity by reducing variability in dominance

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Mortensen, Brent, Danielson, Brent, Harpole, W. Stanley, Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Biederman, Lori A., Borer, Elizabeth T., Cadotte, Marc W, Dwyer, John M, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Peri, Pablo Luis, Seabloom, Eric W., Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Mortensen, Brent, Danielson, Brent, Harpole, W. Stanley, Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Biederman, Lori A., Borer, Elizabeth T., Cadotte, Marc W, Dwyer, John M, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Peri, Pablo Luis, and Seabloom, Eric W.

Published
2018

28. Spatial heterogeneity in species composition constrains plant community responses to herbivory and fertilisation

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Hodapp, Dorothee, Borer, Elizabeth T., Harpole, W Stanley, Lind, Eric M., Seabloom, Eric W., Adler, Peter B., Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Cadotte, Marc, Cleland, Elsa E., Collins, Scott L., Fay Jennifer Firn, Philip A., Firn, Jennifer, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Iribarne, Oscar, Knops, Johannes M. H., McCulley, Rebecca L., MacDougall, Andrew S., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Mortensen, Brent, La Pierre, Kimberly J., Risch, Anita C., Schütz, Martin, Peri, Pablo L., Stevens, Carly J., Wright, Justin, Hillebrand, Helmut, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Hodapp, Dorothee, Borer, Elizabeth T., Harpole, W Stanley, Lind, Eric M., Seabloom, Eric W., Adler, Peter B., Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Cadotte, Marc, Cleland, Elsa E., Collins, Scott L., Fay Jennifer Firn, Philip A., Firn, Jennifer, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Iribarne, Oscar, Knops, Johannes M. H., McCulley, Rebecca L., MacDougall, Andrew S., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Mortensen, Brent, La Pierre, Kimberly J., Risch, Anita C., Schütz, Martin, Peri, Pablo L., Stevens, Carly J., Wright, Justin, and Hillebrand, Helmut

Published
2018

29. Herbivores safeguard plant diversity by reducing variability in dominance

Author

Mortensen, Brent, primary, Danielson, Brent, additional, Harpole, W. Stanley, additional, Alberti, Juan, additional, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, additional, Biederman, Lori, additional, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Cadotte, Marc W., additional, Dwyer, John M., additional, Hagenah, Nicole, additional, Hautier, Yann, additional, Peri, Pablo Luis, additional, and Seabloom, Eric W., additional

Published
2017
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31. Nutrient addition shifts plant community composition towards earlier flowering species in some prairie ecoregions in the U.S. Central Plains

Author

Biederman, Lori, primary, Mortensen, Brent, additional, Fay, Philip, additional, Hagenah, Nicole, additional, Knops, Johannes, additional, La Pierre, Kimberly, additional, Laungani, Ramesh, additional, Lind, Eric, additional, McCulley, Rebecca, additional, Power, Sally, additional, Seabloom, Eric, additional, and Tognetti, Pedro, additional

Published
2017
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32. Plant species origin predicts dominance and response to nutrient enrichment and herbivores in global grasslands

Author

Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cleland, Elsa E., Davies, Kendi F., Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M., Macdougall, Andrew S., Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Adler, Peter B., Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana M., Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L., Crawley, Michael J., Damschen, Ellen I., Dantonio, Carla M., Decrappeo, Nicole M., Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A., Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Humphries, Hope C., Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G., Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, Mcculley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'halloran, Lydia R., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, Yang, Louie, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cleland, Elsa E., Davies, Kendi F., Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M., Macdougall, Andrew S., Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Adler, Peter B., Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana M., Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L., Crawley, Michael J., Damschen, Ellen I., Dantonio, Carla M., Decrappeo, Nicole M., Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A., Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Humphries, Hope C., Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G., Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, Mcculley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'halloran, Lydia R., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, and Yang, Louie

Abstract

Exotic species dominate many communities; however the functional significance of species biogeographic origin remains highly contentious. This debate is fuelled in part by the lack of globally replicated, systematic data assessing the relationship between species provenance, function and response to perturbations. We examined the abundance of native and exotic plant species at 64 grasslands in 13 countries, and at a subset of the sites we experimentally tested native and exotic species responses to two fundamental drivers of invasion, mineral nutrient supplies and vertebrate herbivory. Exotic species are six times more likely to dominate communities than native species. Furthermore, while experimental nutrient addition increases the cover and richness of exotic species, nutrients decrease native diversity and cover. Native and exotic species also differ in their response to vertebrate consumer exclusion. These results suggest that species origin has functional significance, and that eutrophication will lead to increased exotic dominance in grasslands.

Published
2015

33. Plant species origin predicts dominance and response to nutrient enrichment and herbivores in global grasslands

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cleland, Elsa E., Davies, Kendi F., Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M., Macdougall, Andrew S., Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Adler, Peter B., Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana M., Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L., Crawley, Michael J., Damschen, Ellen I., Dantonio, Carla M., Decrappeo, Nicole M., Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A., Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Humphries, Hope C., Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G., Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, Mcculley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'halloran, Lydia R., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, Yang, Louie, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cleland, Elsa E., Davies, Kendi F., Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M., Macdougall, Andrew S., Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Adler, Peter B., Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana M., Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L., Crawley, Michael J., Damschen, Ellen I., Dantonio, Carla M., Decrappeo, Nicole M., Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A., Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Humphries, Hope C., Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G., Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, Mcculley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'halloran, Lydia R., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, and Yang, Louie

Published
2015

34. Herbivores and nutrients control grassland plant diversity via light limitation

Author

Borer, Elizabeth, Seabloom, Eric, Gruner, Daniel, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hillebrand, Helmut, Lind, Eric, Adler, Peter, Alberti, Juan, Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan, Biederman, Lori, Blumenthal, Dana, Brown, Cynthia, Brudvig, Lars, Buckley, Yvonne, Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa, Crawley, Michael, Daleo, Pedro, Damschen, Ellen, Davies, Kendi, DeCrappeo, Nicole, Du, Guozhen, Firn, Jennifer, Hautier, Yann, Heckman, Robert, Hector, Andy, Hille Ris Lambers, Janneke, Iribarne, Oscar, Klein, Julia, Knops, Johannes, La Pierre, Kimberly, Leakey, Andrew, Li, Wei, MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca, Melbourne, Brett, Mitchell, Charles, Moore, Joslin, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia, Orrock, John, Pascual, Jesus, Prober, Suzanne, Pyke, David, Risch, Anita, Schuetz, Martin, Smith, Melinda, Stevens, Carly, Sullivan, Lauren, Williams, Ryan, Wragg, Peter, Wright, Justin, Yang, Louie, Borer, Elizabeth, Seabloom, Eric, Gruner, Daniel, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hillebrand, Helmut, Lind, Eric, Adler, Peter, Alberti, Juan, Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan, Biederman, Lori, Blumenthal, Dana, Brown, Cynthia, Brudvig, Lars, Buckley, Yvonne, Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa, Crawley, Michael, Daleo, Pedro, Damschen, Ellen, Davies, Kendi, DeCrappeo, Nicole, Du, Guozhen, Firn, Jennifer, Hautier, Yann, Heckman, Robert, Hector, Andy, Hille Ris Lambers, Janneke, Iribarne, Oscar, Klein, Julia, Knops, Johannes, La Pierre, Kimberly, Leakey, Andrew, Li, Wei, MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca, Melbourne, Brett, Mitchell, Charles, Moore, Joslin, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia, Orrock, John, Pascual, Jesus, Prober, Suzanne, Pyke, David, Risch, Anita, Schuetz, Martin, Smith, Melinda, Stevens, Carly, Sullivan, Lauren, Williams, Ryan, Wragg, Peter, Wright, Justin, and Yang, Louie

Abstract

Human alterations to nutrient cycles1, 2 and herbivore communities3, 4, 5, 6, 7 are affecting global biodiversity dramatically2. Ecological theory predicts these changes should be strongly counteractive: nutrient addition drives plant species loss through intensified competition for light, whereas herbivores prevent competitive exclusion by increasing ground-level light, particularly in productive systems8, 9. Here we use experimental data spanning a globally relevant range of conditions to test the hypothesis that herbaceous plant species losses caused by eutrophication may be offset by increased light availability due to herbivory. This experiment, replicated in 40 grasslands on 6 continents, demonstrates that nutrients and herbivores can serve as counteracting forces to control local plant diversity through light limitation, independent of site productivity, soil nitrogen, herbivore type and climate. Nutrient addition consistently reduced local diversity through light limitation, and herbivory rescued diversity at sites where it alleviated light limitation. Thus, species loss from anthropogenic eutrophication can be ameliorated in grasslands where herbivory increases ground-level light.

Published
2014

35. Herbivores and nutrients control grassland plant diversity via light limitation

Author

Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., Gruner, Daniel S., Harpole, W. Stanley, Hillebrand, Helmut, Lind, Eric M., Adler, Peter B., Alberti, Juan, Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori, Blumenthal, Dana, Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E., Crawley, Michael J., Daleo, Pedro, Damschen, Ellen I., Davies, Kendi F., DeCrappeo, Nicole M., Du, Guozhen, Firn, Jennifer, Hautier, Yann, Heckman, Robert W., Hector, Andy, HilleRisLambers, Janneke, Iribarne, Oscar, Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Leakey, Andrew D. B., Li, Wei, MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R., Orrock, John L., Pascual, Jesus, Prober, Suzanne M., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren L., Williams, Ryan J., Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin P., Yang, Louie H., Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., Gruner, Daniel S., Harpole, W. Stanley, Hillebrand, Helmut, Lind, Eric M., Adler, Peter B., Alberti, Juan, Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori, Blumenthal, Dana, Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E., Crawley, Michael J., Daleo, Pedro, Damschen, Ellen I., Davies, Kendi F., DeCrappeo, Nicole M., Du, Guozhen, Firn, Jennifer, Hautier, Yann, Heckman, Robert W., Hector, Andy, HilleRisLambers, Janneke, Iribarne, Oscar, Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Leakey, Andrew D. B., Li, Wei, MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R., Orrock, John L., Pascual, Jesus, Prober, Suzanne M., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren L., Williams, Ryan J., Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin P., and Yang, Louie H.

Abstract

Human alterations to nutrient cycles(1,2) and herbivore communities(3-7) are affecting global biodiversity dramatically(2). Ecological theory predicts these changes should be strongly counteractive: nutrient addition drives plant species loss through intensified competition for light, whereas herbivores prevent competitive exclusion by increasing ground-level light, particularly in productive systems(8,9). Here we use experimental data spanning a globally relevant range of conditions to test the hypothesis that herbaceous plant species losses caused by eutrophication may be offset by increased light availability due to herbivory. This experiment, replicated in 40 grasslands on 6 continents, demonstrates that nutrients and herbivores can serve as counteracting forces to control local plant diversity through light limitation, independent of site productivity, soil nitrogen, herbivore type and climate. Nutrient addition consistently reduced local diversity through light limitation, and herbivory rescued diversity at sites where it alleviated light limitation. Thus, species loss from anthropogenic eutrophication can be ameliorated in grasslands where herbivory increases ground-level light.

Published
2014

36. Life-history constraints in grassland plant species: a growth-defence trade-off is the norm

Author

Lind, Eric, Borer, Elizabeth, Seabloom, Eric, Adler, Peter, Bakker, Jonathan, Blumenthal, Dana, Crawley, Michael, Davies, Kendi, Firn, Jennifer, Gruner, Daniel, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Hillebrand, Helmut, Knops, Johannes, Melbourne, Brett, Mortensen, Brent, Risch, Anita, Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly, Wragg, Peter, Lind, Eric, Borer, Elizabeth, Seabloom, Eric, Adler, Peter, Bakker, Jonathan, Blumenthal, Dana, Crawley, Michael, Davies, Kendi, Firn, Jennifer, Gruner, Daniel, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Hillebrand, Helmut, Knops, Johannes, Melbourne, Brett, Mortensen, Brent, Risch, Anita, Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly, and Wragg, Peter

Abstract

Plant growth can be limited by resource acquisition and defence against consumers, leading to contrasting trade-off possibilities. The competition-defence hypothesis posits a trade-off between competitive ability and defence against enemies (e.g. herbivores and pathogens). The growth-defence hypothesis suggests that strong competitors for nutrients are also defended against enemies, at a cost to growth rate. We tested these hypotheses using observations of 706 plant populations of over 500 species before and following identical fertilisation and fencing treatments at 39 grassland sites worldwide. Strong positive covariance in species responses to both treatments provided support for a growth-defence trade-off: populations that increased with the removal of nutrient limitation (poor competitors) also increased following removal of consumers. This result held globally across 4 years within plant life-history groups and within the majority of individual sites. Thus, a growth-defence trade-off appears to be the norm, and mechanisms maintaining grassland biodiversity may operate within this constraint.

Published
2013

37. Life-history constraints in grassland plant species:a growth-defence trade-off is the norm

Author

Van Der Putten, Wim, Lind, Eric M., Borer, Elizabeth, Seabloom, Eric, Adler, Peter, Bakker, Jonathan D., Blumenthal, Dana M., Crawley, Mick, Davies, Kendi, Firn, Jennifer, Gruner, Daniel S., Stanley Harpole, W., Hautier, Yann, Hillebrand, Helmut, Knops, Johannes, Melbourne, Brett, Mortensen, Brent, Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly, Wragg, Peter D., Van Der Putten, Wim, Lind, Eric M., Borer, Elizabeth, Seabloom, Eric, Adler, Peter, Bakker, Jonathan D., Blumenthal, Dana M., Crawley, Mick, Davies, Kendi, Firn, Jennifer, Gruner, Daniel S., Stanley Harpole, W., Hautier, Yann, Hillebrand, Helmut, Knops, Johannes, Melbourne, Brett, Mortensen, Brent, Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly, and Wragg, Peter D.

Abstract

Plant growth can be limited by resource acquisition and defence against consumers, leading to contrasting trade-off possibilities. The competition-defence hypothesis posits a trade-off between competitive ability and defence against enemies (e.g. herbivores and pathogens). The growth-defence hypothesis suggests that strong competitors for nutrients are also defended against enemies, at a cost to growth rate. We tested these hypotheses using observations of 706 plant populations of over 500 species before and following identical fertilisation and fencing treatments at 39 grassland sites worldwide. Strong positive covariance in species responses to both treatments provided support for a growth-defence trade-off: populations that increased with the removal of nutrient limitation (poor competitors) also increased following removal of consumers. This result held globally across 4 years within plant life-history groups and within the majority of individual sites. Thus, a growth-defence trade-off appears to be the norm, and mechanisms maintaining grassland biodiversity may operate within this constraint.

Published
2013

38. Predicting invasion in grassland ecosystems:is exotic dominance the real embarrassment of richness?

Author

Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Buckley, Yvonne, Cleland, Elsa E., Davies, Kendi, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric, Macdougall, Andrew, Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Adler, Peter, Alberti, Juan, Michael Anderson, T., Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana, Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Caldeira, Maria, Chu, Chengjin, Crawley, Michael J., Daleo, Pedro, Damschen, Ellen I., D'antonio, Carla M., Decrappeo, Nicole M., Dickman, Chris R., Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A., Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andrew, Helm, Aveliina, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Humphries, Hope C., Iribarne, Oscar, Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Ladwig, Laura M., Lambrinos, John G., Leakey, Andrew D. B., Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Mcculley, Rebecca, Melbourne, Brett, Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'halloran, Lydia R., Pärtel, Meelis, Pascual, Jesús, Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Salguero-gómez, Roberto, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda, Stevens, Carly, Sullivan, Lauren, Wardle, Glenda M., Wolkovich, Elizabeth M., Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, Yang, Louie, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Buckley, Yvonne, Cleland, Elsa E., Davies, Kendi, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric, Macdougall, Andrew, Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Adler, Peter, Alberti, Juan, Michael Anderson, T., Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana, Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Caldeira, Maria, Chu, Chengjin, Crawley, Michael J., Daleo, Pedro, Damschen, Ellen I., D'antonio, Carla M., Decrappeo, Nicole M., Dickman, Chris R., Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A., Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andrew, Helm, Aveliina, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Humphries, Hope C., Iribarne, Oscar, Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Ladwig, Laura M., Lambrinos, John G., Leakey, Andrew D. B., Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Mcculley, Rebecca, Melbourne, Brett, Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'halloran, Lydia R., Pärtel, Meelis, Pascual, Jesús, Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Salguero-gómez, Roberto, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda, Stevens, Carly, Sullivan, Lauren, Wardle, Glenda M., Wolkovich, Elizabeth M., Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, and Yang, Louie

Abstract

Invasions have increased the size of regional species pools, but are typically assumed to reduce native diversity. However, global-scale tests of this assumption have been elusive because of the focus on exotic species richness, rather than relative abundance. This is problematic because low invader richness can indicate invasion resistance by the native community or, alternatively, dominance by a single exotic species. Here, we used a globally replicated study to quantify relationships between exotic richness and abundance in grass-dominated ecosystems in 13 countries on six continents, ranging from salt marshes to alpine tundra. We tested effects of human land use, native community diversity, herbivore pressure, and nutrient limitation on exotic plant dominance. Despite its widespread use, exotic richness was a poor proxy for exotic dominance at low exotic richness, because sites that contained few exotic species ranged from relatively pristine (low exotic richness and cover) to almost completely exotic-dominated ones (low exotic richness but high exotic cover). Both exotic cover and richness were predicted by native plant diversity (native grass richness) and land use (distance to cultivation). Although climate was important for predicting both exotic cover and richness, climatic factors predicting cover (precipitation variability) differed from those predicting richness (maximum temperature and mean temperature in the wettest quarter). Herbivory and nutrient limitation did not predict exotic richness or cover. Exotic dominance was greatest in areas with low native grass richness at the site- or regional-scale. Although this could reflect native grass displacement, a lack of biotic resistance is a more likely explanation, given that grasses comprise the most aggressive invaders. These findings underscore the need to move beyond richness as a surrogate for the extent of invasion, because this metric confounds monodominance with invasion resistance. Monitoring spec

Published
2013

39. Life-history constraints in grassland plant species: a growth-defence trade-off is the norm

Author

Lind, Eric M., primary, Borer, Elizabeth, additional, Seabloom, Eric, additional, Adler, Peter, additional, Bakker, Jonathan D., additional, Blumenthal, Dana M., additional, Crawley, Mick, additional, Davies, Kendi, additional, Firn, Jennifer, additional, Gruner, Daniel S., additional, Stanley Harpole, W., additional, Hautier, Yann, additional, Hillebrand, Helmut, additional, Knops, Johannes, additional, Melbourne, Brett, additional, Mortensen, Brent, additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, Schuetz, Martin, additional, Stevens, Carly, additional, and Wragg, Peter D., additional

Published
2013
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