Search

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Internationale des Économistes de Langue Française (RIELF) is the property of Poznan University of Economics & Business and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Studies in Population is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Population & Sociétés is the property of Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: French Guiana is a French overseas territory which combines a well-funded universal health system and a population where half are under the poverty line. In this context, we aimed to measure and describe the causes of infant mortality and, because French Guiana is a French territory, to compare them with mainland France., Methods: National death certificate data between 2001 and 2017 was used., Results: Overall, 6.9 % of deaths before 65 years concerned infants <1 year (in mainland France 2.6%). The infant mortality rate over the 2001-2017 period was 2.6 times that of mainland France (1159.5 vs 446.2 per 100,000 infants <1 year) with excess incidence in perinatal causes, malformations and chromosomal anomalies, accidents, infectious causes, and in poorly defined conditions. Over time, there seemed to be a reduction of infant mortality for all the main causes, except for congenital malformations and chromosomal anomalies, which, on the contrary, seemed to increase. The data sources did not allow to study the weight of social factors or place of residence., Conclusions: All causes of infant mortality seemed to decline over time except malformations and chromosomal anomalies, which increased. Although exposure to heavy metals, infectious diseases are potential explanations we cannot pinpoint the cause of this increase with the available data. The present results suggest infant mortality and malformations should benefit from more detailed data sources in order to better assess and alleviate the burden of infant mortality in French Guiana., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Copyright of Canadian Studies in Population is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: To determine the proportion of under-5 deaths that occurred at home in rural South Africa, whether care was sought prior to death, and determinants of home deaths amongst those who sought care.Methods: Verbal autopsy data were used for all under-5 deaths, 2000-2015, in two health and demographic surveillance system sites. Trends in place of death and care-seeking were assessed. Associations between sociodemographic factors and home death despite seeking care were assessed by multivariate logistic regressions.Results: There were 3760 under-5 deaths; 1954 (53%) at home and 1510 (41%) in health facilities. Eighty-four per cent of children who died at home accessed healthcare during their final illness. Amongst neonates for whom care was sought, those who were 8-27 days old were more likely to die at home than those who were 0-7 days old (OR = 5.56, 95%CI 2.69-11.55, P < 0.001). Factors associated with home death of infants and young children despite seeking care included low maternal education (OR = 1.71, 95%CI 1.31-2.24, P < 0.001), larger household size (OR = 1.56, 95%CI 1.17-2.06, P = 0.002), traditional medicine use (OR = 2.33, 95%CI 1.75-3.12, P < 0.001) and Mozambican descent (OR = 1.47, 95%CI 1.06-2.03, P = 0.020). The proportion of HIV-related deaths that occurred at home fell from 60% in 2008-2011 to 39% in 2012-2015 ( χ2  = 13.86, P < 0.001).Conclusion: More than half of under-5 deaths in rural South Africa occurred at home although healthcare was sought for most children, highlighting that home deaths are not simply a function of poor care-seeking. Interventions should target high-risk sociodemographic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I explore the relationship between youth, security, and caregiving through a study of the U.S. Little Mothers' Leagues, an initiative which began in New York City in 1910 with the aim of reducing infant mortality by training young girls to properly care for their infant siblings. Critical approaches to caregiving view security and insecurity as relational, drawing attention to contemporary power arrangements in the global caregiving industry and the contemporary crisis of care. However, in treating children as perpetual care recipients, it fails to provide a robust framework for understanding youth and children in historical and contemporary concerns related to human security. The history of the Little Mothers, largely children of European 'non-native white' immigrant families, illustrates the importance of children in securing population-wide well-being and the nation's status in the global competition to reduce infant mortality. When set in contrast to the eugenics-inspired Mothercraft movement, the case reveals how children and youth become enlisted into projects of national human security, and how their ambiguity as caregivers – too young according to modern childhood, yet effective lifesavers – intersects with race and gender to further obscure their status as caregiving agents [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Improving civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems is essential to monitoring health objectives locally and globally. The barriers to birth and particularly death registration in low- and middle-income countries are however poorly understood.Methods: We conducted a survey among women of reproductive age in Bissau, the capital of Guinea-Bissau. We asked women with a birth in the past two years whether their child had been registered and had obtained a birth certificate. We elicited the sources of information about birth registration and asked respondents to list their reasons for (not) registering a birth. If their child had died, we asked similar questions about death registration.Results: Most women (86%) had received messages about birth registration, but few women whose child had died had heard about the need to register deaths (22%). The primary sources of information about birth registration were messages broadcast on the radio or displayed at health facilities. Information about death registration was primarily obtained through informal social networks. Only 16% of births, and 2% of deaths, had been registered. The main barriers to birth registration were administrative pre-requisites and paternal absence. The main reasons for not registering a death were lack of knowledge about death registration and lack of perceived benefits.Conclusion: Strengthening CRVS systems requires addressing the specific barriers preventing birth and death registration. In Bissau, interventions to improve knowledge about death registration are needed. Simplifying registration procedures, as well as providing additional incentives, might help improve the coverage of birth registration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Antropo is the property of Antropo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study has as objective to verify the convergence betwixt Infant Mortality Rate decreasement and Human Development Index Municipal increasement in Big Regions and Federation Units in Brazil between 2000 to 2010. The type of study adopted is ecological. It is drawn to a conclusion that the Infant Mortality Rate's reduction and the Human Development Index Municipal's increase, happened in a non-homogeneous form in the areas of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Universitaire des Sciences Humaines et Sociales is the property of University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: In many African countries, child mortality is higher in the rainy season than in the dry season. We investigated the effect of season on child mortality by time periods, sex and age in rural Guinea-Bissau.Methods: Bandim health project follows children under-five in a health and demographic surveillance system in rural Guinea-Bissau. We compared the mortality in the rainy season (June to November) between 1990 and 2013 with the mortality in the dry season (December to May) in Cox proportional hazards models providing rainy vs. dry season mortality rate ratios (r/d-mrr). Seasonal effects were estimated in strata defined by time periods with different frequency of vaccination campaigns, sex and age (<1 month, 1-11 months, 12-59 months). Verbal autopsies were interpreted using InterVa-4 software.Results: From 1990 to 2013, overall mortality was declined by almost two-thirds among 81 292 children (10 588 deaths). Mortality was 51% (95% ci: 45-58%) higher in the rainy season than in the dry season throughout the study period. The seasonal difference increased significantly with age, the r/d-mrr being 0.94 (0.86-1.03) among neonates, 1.57 (1.46-1.69) in post-neonatal infants and 1.83 (1.72-1.95) in under-five children (P for same effect <0.001). According to the InterVa, malaria deaths were the main reason for the seasonal mortality difference, causing 50% of all deaths in the rainy season, but only if the InterVa included season of death, making the argument self-confirmatory.Conclusion: The mortality declined throughout the study, yet rainy season continued to be associated with 51% higher overall mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Bulletin of Medical History is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To estimate the independent and combined risks of infant and child mortality associated with maternal smoking and use of solid fuel in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods: Pooled weighted data on 143 602 under-five children in the most recent demographic and health surveys for 15 sub-Saharan African countries were analysed. The synthetic cohort life table technique and Cox proportional hazard models were employed to investigate the effect of maternal smoking and solid cooking fuel on infant (age 0-11 months) and child (age 12-59 months) mortality. Socio-economic and other confounding variables were included as controls.Results: The distribution of the main explanatory variable in households was as follows: smoking + solid fuel - 4.6%; smoking + non-solid fuel - 0.22%; no smoking + solid fuel - 86.9%; and no smoking + non-solid fuel - 8.2%. The highest infant mortality rate was recorded among children exposed to maternal smoking + solid fuel (72 per 1000 live births); the child mortality rate was estimated to be 54 per 1000 for this group. In full multivariate models, the risk of infant death was 71% higher among those exposed to maternal smoking + solid fuel (HR = 1.71, CI: 1.29-2.28). For ages 12 to 59 months, the risk of death was 99% higher (HR = 1.99, CI: 1.28-3.08).Conclusions: Combined exposures to cigarette smoke and solid fuel increase the risks of infant and child mortality. Mothers of under-five children need to be educated about the danger of smoking while innovative approaches are needed to reduce the mortality risks associated with solid cooking fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: la malnutrition constitue une toile de fond sur laquelle se greffent plusieurs infections. L'objectif de ce travail est de déterminer les infections les plus létales, la durée médiane de séjour et le gain pondéral médian journalier des enfants malnutris. METHODES: étude de cohorte rétrospective des enfants malnutris de 0 à 59 mois hospitalisés au Centre Nutritionnel et Thérapeutique de Bukavu du 1er janvier 2011 au 31 décembre 2013. L'évaluation du risque de survenue de décès par complication infectieuse a été faite par la mesure du risque relatif. Nous avons utilisé le test de Mann-Whitney pour comparer les médianes. Les Odd ratio ajustés par régression logistique et leurs intervalles de confiance à 95% du risque de mortalité ont été donnés pour chaque cause infectieuse. RESULTATS: au total, 574 enfants avaient été inclus. Cinq cent vingt et un (90.8%) enfants étaient sortis guéris, 10 (1.7%) avaient abandonné le traitement et 43 (7.5%) étaient décédés. La durée médiane de séjour était de 19 (13-26) jours et le gain pondéral médian journalier était de 7 (3-13) g/kg/j. Il existait une association statistiquement significative entre la mortalité et le sepsis / choc septique (p = 0,0004), la méningite (p = 0,00001), et l'infection à VIH (p = 0,02). CONCLUSION: une meilleure prise en charge de la malnutrition aigüe dans notre région devrait se baser sur la mise en place des unités spécialisées et bien équipées pour la prise en charge de la malnutrition associées aux infections sévères.

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Within relatively small areas, there exist high spatial variations of mortality between villages. In rural Burkina Faso, with data from 1993 to 1998, clusters of particularly high child mortality were identified in the population of the Nouna Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), a member of the INDEPTH Network. In this paper, we report child mortality with respect to temporal trends, spatial clustering and disparity in this HDSS from 1993 to 2012. Poisson regression was used to describe village-specific child mortality rates and time trends in mortality. The spatial scan statistic was used to identify villages or village clusters with higher child mortality. Clustering of mortality in the area is still present, but not as strong as before. The disparity of child mortality between villages has decreased. The decrease occurred in the context of an overall halving of child mortality in the rural area of Nouna HDSS between 1993 and 2012. Extrapolated to the Millennium Development Goals target period 1990-2015, this yields an estimated reduction of 54%, which is not too far off the aim of a two-thirds reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES Reducing child mortality requires good information on its causes. Whilst South African vital registration data have improved, the quality of cause-of-death data remains inadequate. To improve this, data from death certificates were linked with information from forensic mortuaries in Western Cape Province. METHODS A local mortality surveillance system was established in 2007 by the Western Cape Health Department to improve data quality. Cause-of-death data were captured from copies of death notification forms collected at Department of Home Affairs Offices. Using unique identifiers, additional forensic mortuary data were linked with mortality surveillance system records. Causes of death were coded to the ICD-10 classification. Causes of death in children under five were compared with those from vital registration data for 2011. RESULTS Cause-of-death data were markedly improved with additional data from forensic mortuaries. The proportion of ill-defined causes was halved (25-12%), and leading cause rankings changed. Lower respiratory tract infections moved above prematurity to rank first, accounting for 20.8% of deaths and peaking in infants aged 1-3 months. Only 11% of deaths from lower respiratory tract infections occurred in hospital, resulting in 86% being certified in forensic mortuaries. Road traffic deaths increased from 1.1-3.1% (27-75) and homicides from 3 to 28. CONCLUSIONS The quality and usefulness of cause-of-death information for children in the WC was enhanced by linking mortuary and vital registration data. Given the death profile, interventions are required to prevent and manage LRTI, diarrhoea and injuries and to reduce neonatal deaths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Malnutrition is a backdrop on which several infections are grafted. The aim of this study is to determine the most lethal infections, the median length of stay and the median daily weight gain of malnourished children. Method: A retrospective cohort study of malnutrition in children aged 0-59 months hospitalized in the Therapeutic Nutritional Center in Bukavu from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2013. The evaluation of the risk of deaths related to infectious complication was made measuring the relative risk. Mann-Whitney test was used for comparing the medians. Adjusted odd ratios using logistic regression and 95% confidence interval for the risk of mortality were given for each infectious cause. Results: A total of 574 children were included in the study. Five hundred twenty-one (90.8%) children were cured, 10 (1.7%) had discontinued treatment and 43 (7.5%) had died. The median length of stay was 19 (13-26) days and the median daily weight gain was 7 (3-13) g/kg/j. There was a statistically significant association between mortality and sepsis/septic shock (p = 0.0004), meningitis (p = 0.00001) and HIV infection (p = 0.02). Conclusion: A better management of acute malnutrition in our region should be based on the establishment of specialized and well equipped units for the treatment of malnutrition associated with severe infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To describe the spatial pattern in under-5 mortality rates in the Basse Health and Demographic Surveillance System ( BHDSS) and to test for associations between under-5 deaths and biodemographic and socio-economic risk factors. Methods Using data on child survival from 2007 to 2011 in the BHDSS, we mapped under-5 mortality by km2. We tested for spatial clustering of high or low death rates using Kulldorff's spatial scan statistic. Associations between child death and a variety of biodemographic and socio-economic factors were assessed with Cox proportional hazards models, and deviance residuals from the best-fitting model were tested for spatial clustering. Results The overall death rate among children under 5 was 0.0195 deaths per child-year. We found two spatial clusters of high death rates and one spatial cluster of low death rates; children in the two high clusters died at a rate of 0.0264 and 0.0292 deaths per child-year, while in the low cluster, the rate was 0.0144 deaths per child-year. We also found that children born to Fula mothers experienced, on average, a higher hazard of death, whereas children born in the households in the upper two quintiles of asset ownership experienced, on average, a lower hazard of death. After accounting for the spatial distribution of biodemographic and socio-economic characteristics, we found no residual spatial pattern in child mortality risk. Conclusion This study demonstrates that significant inequality in under-5 death rates can occur within a relatively small area (1100 km2). Risks of under-5 mortality were associated with mother's ethnicity and household wealth. If high mortality clusters persist, then equity concerns may require additional public health efforts in those areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tanzania has made considerable progress towards reducing childhood mortality, achieving a 57% decrease between 1980 and 2011. This epidemiological transition will cause a reduction in the contribution of infectious diseases to childhood mortality and increase in contribution from non-communicable diseases ( NCDs). Haemoglobinopathies are amongst the most common childhood NCDs, with sickle cell disease ( SCD) being the commonest haemoglobinopathy in Africa. In Tanzania, 10 313 children with SCD under 5 years of age (U5) are estimated to die every year, contributing an estimated 7% of overall deaths in U5 children. Key policies that governments in Africa are able to implement would reduce mortality in SCD, focusing on newborn screening and comprehensive SCD care programmes. Such programmes would ensure that interventions such as prevention of infections using penicillin plus prompt diagnosis and treatment of complications are provided to all individuals with SCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]