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In this paper, the physical inventory taking of nuclear materials (NM) (under safeguards application) at the nuclear fuel research laboratory at Inshas, Egypt has been considered. NM with different forms and sizes were verified. The verification method based on non-destructive measurements of gamma radiation emitted from NM was tested. Monte Carlo method (MCNP5) and Multi-Group Analysis software (MGAU Genie 2000, version 3.2) were used to estimate 235U mass content in the studied forms. Some of the parameters which affect NM mass estimation were also investigated. The proposed procedure covers different forms found at the nuclear fuel research laboratory such as pellets, sludge, and rods. The average accuracies for the estimated 235U masses ranged between -0.351 and -1.005 %, while the precision was about 2.065 and 7.45 % for MCNP5 and MGAU respectively. These results are found to be acceptable within the limits of the International Target Values.

In this paper, the physical inventory taking of nuclear materials (under safeguards agreement) at a nuclear fuel research laboratory has been considered. Nuclear materials with different forms and sizes were verified. The verification method was based on nondestructive measurements of gamma radiation emitted from nuclear material. Some of the parameters which affect NM mass estimation were calculated using Monte Carlo method. The proposed procedure covers different forms found at the nuclear fuel research laboratory including spherical, parallelepipeds and cylindrical shapes with different sizes. The present procedure could be very useful for safeguards purposes. Average accuracies for the estimated 235U masses of about − 0.159% and − 0.0935% with a precision of about 2.4% and 7.85% are obtained for MCNP and MGAU, respectively. This work aims to verify experimental measurements of nuclear materials’ samples with different shapes and sizes in a short time. These experimental measurements verifications can be quickly performed using the general-purpose Monte Carlo N-Particle code (MCNP).

Wadi El Farigh area is considered as one of the most important areas in the North of the Western Desert of Egypt. It depends on groundwater of Lower Miocene aquifer as a main source for agricultural and human resouces development. However due to an imbalance of groundwater regime in lower Miocene aquifer, the current study has been conducted. The main goal is the protection and management of groundwater in the Lower Miocene aquifer in the study area quantitatively and qualitatively and to prevent the lowering in the groundwater level which may lead to deterioration in groundwater quality. This goal is attained by developing a mathematical model that represents the hydrological conditions of the area through which four different scenarios for predicting the hydrological situation in the next ten years are conducted. The obtained results indicate that the hydraulic conductivity varies from 0.1 m/day to 25 m/day, the transmissivity coefficient varies between 1000 m2/day to 7000 m2/day and the specific yield varies from 0.011 to 0.32. It has been shown during the current study that the amount of groundwater extrated from the Lower Miocene aquifer in the studied area is about 57.07 Million cubic meters per year for the period from April 2013 to April 2014. Ten years of prediction from April 2014 to April 2024 reveal an expected drop in the groundwater level amounting to 7 meters. For the same period, the groundwater storage in the Lower Miocene aquifer in the study area is perdicted to be 7.72 million cubic meters per year. This means an expected loss in the amount of groundwater storage reaching about 49.35 million cubic meters through the ten years of perdiction if the current dicharge rate is maintained.

Nursing image has been long a standing problem for nurses. Changes in health care system and public opinion have direct impact on nurses and nursing profession, the public still has a narrow view about what the profession actually does. So nurses must be concerned about negative or incorrect images; therefore public need to view the nurse as an integral part of health care system, and capable of providing holistic nursing care. Aimof this studyis toassess the perception of physicians, nurses and employees toward nursing image as a profession at Assiut University Hospitals. Research designwas cross- section descriptive design. The study subjects included were530 participants working at Assuit University Hospitals. The data collected through self – administered questionnaire includes demographic data sheet and nursing image questionnaire; it used for assessing the perception of physicians, nurses and employees toward nursing image. It was developed by the researcher based on related literatures and previous studied done by (Kabeel 2004). The tool consisted of six majors items each one contain number of sub items (total 41 items).The result of this study revealed that there was a statistically significant difference among the study participants regarding to the items related to the nursing image, and most factors affecting nursing profession. The study concluded that the majority of the study participants agreed that the most common factors affecting the nursing profession were: bad impression of general public about nursing profession, poor relationship between nurses and supervisors, the majority of the study participants did not prefer the nursing profession as a job, and had positive view as regards most items related to the nursing image. Based on the study findings and in order to help the nurses to be more committed for the profession and to maintain positive image as possible the following points are recommended: Activating the role of nurse and participation in decision-making, improving the communication system among nurse peers, nurse supervisors and nurse managers, successful strategies of marketing are important through the media (such as television, radio and newspapers) to maintain the powerful image of nursing profession and change negative public perception about nursing image. .