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Hybrid water systems (HWSs) are emerging as an alternative decentralised and cost-effective approach for urban water management. Although continuous monitoring is recognised as an essential step to inform the planning and design of water services, a knowledge gap has been identified in the integration of water use monitoring, HWSs and community participation. This research compares water practices of households with and without HWSs, integrating both quantitative and qualitative data. Water use data were collected at selected households via smart meters at 30 minutes intervals. R computing software was used for data analytics and dashboard visualisation. Qualitative data on water practices was collected through one-to-one interviews, on-line surveys and community workshops. On a per capita basis, sites with HWSs have a 20% lower total water demand and 41% lower mains water demand than sites without HWSs. Depending on the level of sophistication of the installed HWS, the reduction of mains water use across the participants ranged from 20% to as high as 80%. Almost all sites with HWSs were able to meet the state government targets (40–60 kL/person/y) on annual per capita mains water usage. The seasonality of rainwater supply versus the weather-independent supply of greywater was observed in the data. The qualitative data collected during community engagement highlighted the importance of establishing a personal connection between the individual and the water resource and of involving the resident in the different stages of harvesting, using and disposing of water. This is expected to contribute to a higher perceived value of the water resources by improving awareness, making knowledge more accessible, improving the transparency between the community needs and the water utility decisions. To this end, the role of digital technologies in the water sector plays a role in assisting with the paradigm shift from centralised water networks to an integrated and community-empo

Smart metering and data analytics enable the implementation of a range of onsite infrastructures for energy, water and waste management to demonstrate the interconnected infrastructure of future smart cities. A smart city funded project in Western Australia is integrating smart metering technology, household participation and data analytics. Better understanding of hybrid water systems at residential scale, as socially accepted solutions to promote water efficiency and economic savings, within the traditional centralised urban water network is achieved. An integrated water model and a system of water credits and debits is developed and tested on a case study for which 10-minute logged water consumption data of its hybrid water system are available for one year. The model is shown to provide a full characterization of the relationship between the household and the water resources, thus assisting with an improved urban water management which promotes the rollout of decentralized hybrid water systems whilst accounting for the impacts on the aquifer as an ecosystem service provider.

Papers are presented on the platinum group elements, their ore deposits and environmental significance, and their applications in science and industry, in particular in cosmochemistry, isotopic geo- and cosmochemistry, and as tracers for the Earth's interior. The formation of PGE ore deposits requires that their concentrations be raised about four orders of magnitude above typical continental crustal abundances. Such extreme enrichment relies principally on the extraction capacity of sulphide liquid sequestering PGE from silicate magmas. Specific aspects of PGE ore formation are still highly controversial, including the role of hydrothermal fluids. The majority of the world's PGE reserves are held in a handful of deposits, most of which occur in the unique Bushveld complex of South Africa. Combined with three isotopic systems that contain PGE, the platinum-group metals offer a unique view of early solar system evolution, planet formation and differentiation, and biogeochemical cycling. Their unique properties, including high melting point, chemical inertia and ability to catalyse chemical reactions, has led to enormous industrial demand, most notably for fuel production and engine emission control. Combined with their scarcity in crustal rocks, these have made PGEs highly valued commodities., Papers are presented on the platinum group elements, their ore deposits and environmental significance, and their applications in science and industry, in particular in cosmochemistry, isotopic geo- and cosmochemistry, and as tracers for the Earth's interior. The formation of PGE ore deposits requires that their concentrations be raised about four orders of magnitude above typical continental crustal abundances. Such extreme enrichment relies principally on the extraction capacity of sulphide liquid sequestering PGE from silicate magmas. Specific aspects of PGE ore formation are still highly controversial, including the role of hydrothermal fluids. The majority of the world's PGE reserves are held in a handful of deposits, most of which occur in the unique Bushveld complex of South Africa. Combined with three isotopic systems that contain PGE, the platinum-group metals offer a unique view of early solar system evolution, planet formation and differentiation, and biogeochemical cycling. Their unique properties, including high melting point, chemical inertia and ability to catalyse chemical reactions, has led to enormous industrial demand, most notably for fuel production and engine emission control. Combined with their scarcity in crustal rocks, these have made PGEs highly valued commodities.