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Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) is a significant public health concern. We describe Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) on 590 participants prospectively assessed from hospital admission for COVID-19 through one year after discharge. Modeling identified 4 PRO clusters based on reported deficits (minimal, physical, mental/cognitive, and multidomain), supporting heterogenous clinical presentations in PASC, with sub-phenotypes associated with female sex and distinctive comorbidities. During the acute phase of disease, a higher respiratory SARS-CoV-2 viral burden and lower Receptor Binding Domain and Spike antibody titers were associated with both the physical predominant and the multidomain deficit clusters. A lower frequency of circulating B lymphocytes by mass cytometry (CyTOF) was observed in the multidomain deficit cluster. Circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) was significantly elevated in the mental/cognitive predominant and the multidomain clusters. Future efforts to link PASC to acute anti-viral host responses may help to better target treatment and prevention of PASC.

In December 2020, the Vatican unveiled its annual nativity scene in St. Peter’s Square. Headlines across conservative Catholic newspapers quickly latched on to what many observers described as “shockingly unconventional”: nineteen monumental ceramic figures, including an astronaut, a cyborg, and a turkey-dinosaur chimera, surrounding a covered sculpture of the infant Christ. The sensationalized convergence of otherworldly and religious subjects was a means to reflect on the 2020 Art History Graduate Student Association’s 45th Annual Symposium Haunting the Canon: The Super-phenomena in Art, which likewise examined manifestations of the supernatural. The paranormal is important for the study of art and culture not simply because they elicit new and diverse aesthetic categories, but also because as a strategy, they offer insight into major socio-political and environmental problems shaping the present. This paper traces the development of the symposium’s theme and showcases some of the ways artists and art historians are engaging new perspectives and strategies of alternate world-making.

Aim: This program evaluation examined the effects of occupational therapy (OT)-led fine motor centers (FMCs) on the fine motor skills of typically-developing preschool-aged children. Methods: This program evaluation was completed with 29 children from two preschool Great Start Readiness Program classrooms. The experimental group received OT-led FMCs twice per week for 8 weeks; the control group continued with their regular curriculum. The fine motor subtest of the Miller Function and Participation Scales (M-FUN) was used to collect data regarding fine motor skills pre- and post- intervention and 6 weeks post-intervention. A two-way mixed ANOVA was utilized for data analysis. Results: Baseline M-FUN scores of the control and experimental group at pre-test were not significantly different (p>0.067). There was a significant difference between the groups at post-test and follow-up testing (p<0.006, p<0.001). The experimental group demonstrated significant differences in M-FUN scores pre- to post-test, post-test to follow-up, and pre-test to follow-up (p<0.000, p<0.000, p<0.026); there was no significant difference in control group M-FUN scores pre- to post-test or post-test to follow-up (p>0.090, p>0.060). There was a significant difference in control group scores pre-test to follow-up (p<0.011). Additionally, 85.7% of participants in the experimental group had fine motor delays at pre-test; at follow-up testing, only 7% had delays. Eighty-six percent of control group participants had fine motor delays at pre-test; 53.3% of participants still had delays at follow-up testing. Conclusion: OT-led FMCs in preschool classrooms may improve fine motor skills of preschool-aged students; additional research with a larger sample size is suggested.

Although the quality of weather forecasts in the polar regions is improving, forecast skill there still lags behind lower latitudes. So far there have been relatively few efforts to evaluate processes in numerical weather prediction systems using in situ and remote sensing datasets from meteorological observatories in the terrestrial Arctic and Antarctic compared to the mid-latitudes. Progress has been limited both by the heterogeneous nature of observatory and forecast data and by limited availability of the parameters needed to perform process-oriented evaluation in multi-model forecast archives. The Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP) site Model Inter-comparison Project (YOPPsiteMIP) is addressing this gap by producing merged observatory data files (MODFs) and merged model data files (MMDFs), bringing together observations and forecast data at polar meteorological observatories in a format designed to facilitate process-oriented evaluation. An evaluation of forecast performance was performed at seven Arctic sites, focussing on the first YOPP Special Observing Period in the Northern Hemisphere (NH-SOP1) in February and March 2018. It demonstrated that although the characteristics of forecast skill vary between the different sites and systems, an underestimation in boundary layer temperature variability across models, which goes hand in hand with an inability to capture cold extremes, is a common issue at several sites. It is found that many models tend to underestimate the sensitivity of the 2 m air temperature (T2m) and the surface skin temperature to variations in radiative forcing, and the reasons for this are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid changes occurring in the polar regions require an improved understanding of the processes that are driving these changes. At the same time, increased human activities such as marine navigation, resource exploitation, aviation, commercial fishing, and tourism require reliable and relevant weather information. One of the primary goals of the World Meteorological Organization's Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP) project is to improve the accuracy of numerical weather prediction (NWP) at high latitudes. During YOPP, two Canadian "supersites" were commissioned and equipped with new ground-based instruments for enhanced meteorological and system process observations. Additional pre-existing supersites in Canada, the United States, Norway, Finland, and Russia also provided data from ongoing long-term observing programs. These supersites collected a wealth of observations that are well suited to address YOPP objectives. In order to increase data useability and station interoperability, novel Merged Observatory Data Files (MODFs) were created for the seven supersites over two Special Observing Periods (February to March 2018 and July to September 2018). All observations collected at the supersites were compiled into this standardized NetCDF MODF format, simplifying the process of conducting pan-Arctic NWP verification and process evaluation studies. This paper describes the seven Arctic YOPP supersites, their instrumentation, data collection and processing methods, the novel MODF format, and examples of the observations contained therein. MODFs comprise the observational contribution to the model intercomparison effort, termed YOPP site Model Intercomparison Project (YOPPsiteMIP). All YOPPsiteMIP MODFs are publicly accessible via the YOPP Data Portal (Whitehorse: 10.21343/a33e-j150, Huang et al., 2023a; Iqaluit: 10.21343/yrnf-ck57, Huang et al., 2023b; Sodankylä: 10.21343/m16p-pq17, O'Connor, 2023; Utqiaġvik: 10.21343/a2dx-nq55, Akish and Morris, 2023c; Tiksi: 10.21343/5bwn-w881, Akish and Morris, 2023b; Ny-Ålesund: 10.21343/y89m-6393, Holt, 2023; and Eureka: 10.21343/r85j-tc61, Akish and Morris, 2023a), which is hosted by MET Norway, with corresponding output from NWP models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large and ever-growing body of geophysical information is measured in campaigns and at specialized observatories as a part of scientific expeditions and experiments. These collections of observed data include many essential climate variables (as defined by the Global Climate Observing System) but are often distinguished by a wide range of additional non-routine measurements that are designed to not only document the state of the environment but also the drivers that contribute to that state. These field data are used not only to further understand environmental processes through observation-based studies but also to provide baseline data to test model performance and to codify understanding to improve predictive capabilities. To address the considerable barriers and difficulty in utilizing these diverse and complex data for observation–model research, the Merged Observatory Data File (MODF) concept has been developed. A MODF combines measurements from multiple instruments into a single file that complies with well-established data format and metadata practices and has been designed to parallel the development of corresponding Merged Model Data Files (MMDFs). Using the MODF and MMDF protocols will facilitate the evolution of model intercomparison projects into model intercomparison and improvement projects by putting observation and model data "on the same page" in a timely manner. The MODF concept was developed especially for weather forecast model studies in the Arctic. The surprisingly complex process of implementing MODFs in that context refined the concept itself. Thus, this article explains the concept of MODFs by providing details on the issues that were revealed and resolved during that first specific implementation. Detailed instructions are provided on how to make MODFs, and this article can be considered a MODF creation manual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many passerines regularly use flight calls to communicate during migration. However, flight-calling is inconsistent throughout the day. with a markedly lower degree of calling by free-flying individuals during the early evening hours and with peaks in calling typically around dawn. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that individual flight call response would vary by time of day, and the likelihood to respond would be lower at dusk than during the daytime. We tested daytime and dusk flight call responsiveness of captive American Redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla) and Magnolia Warblers (S. magnolia) during spring migration at the Braddock Bay Bird Observatory (near Rochester, New York, USA). We played a conspecific flight call sound stimulus for individual birds placed inside a soundproof recording studio and recorded their acoustic responses. In our experiment. American Redstarts and Magnolia Warblers were significantly less likely to give flight call responses at dusk than the individuals tested during the daytime. The almost absent responsiveness to flight calls at dusk suggests that these species either minimally communicate with one another during take-off or do not use llight calls as a source of communication at this time. These results have important implications for detection and quantitative bioacoustics migration monitoring. They also demonstrate the need for additional studies in temporal flight-calling behavior. Key words: avian communication, bioacoustics. flight-calling, migration. New World warblers, wood warblers. Muchas paserinas usan regularmente llamados on vuelo para comunicarse durante la migracion. Sin embargo, los llamados en vuelo son inconsistentes a lo largo del dia. con un marcado mcnor grado de llamado en individuos en vuelo libre durante la parte temprana del atardecer y con picos en estos llamados tipicamente alrededor del amanecer. Con base en esas observaciones, nuestra hipotesis fue que la respuesta a llamados en vuelo seria mas baja al anochecer que durante el dia. Sometimos a prueba cuan responsivos eran individuos cautivps de los chipes Setophaga ruticilla y S. magnolia durante la migracion de primavera en Braddock Bay Bird Observatory (cerca de Rochester, NY. F.U?). Tocamos grabaciones estimulo de llamados de vuelo de conespecificos a individuos de ambas aves en el interior de un cstudio de grabacion a prueba de ruido y grabamos sus respuestas aciisticas. En nuestro experimento..S. ruticilla y.V magnolia t'ueron significativamentc menos proclives a cmitir llamados de vuelo de respuesta al anocheeer que aquellos individuos sometidos a prueba durante el dia. La casi auscnte respuesta a llamados de vuelo al anocheeer sugiere que estas. especies se comunican de manera minima unos eon otros durante el despegue o no usan los llamados en vuelo como fuente de comunieacidn en este periodo. Kstos resultados tienen implicaciones importantes para la deteceion y el monitoreo bioacustico euantitativo de la migracion. Tambien demuestran la necesidad de estudios adicionales sobre el patron temporal del comportamiento de llamado en vuelo. Palabras clave: bioacustica. chipes del Nuevo Mundo. comunicacion aviar. llamados en vuelo. migracion., Many passerines give flight calls during a nightly migratory flight (Gauthreaux 1972, Evans and Rosenberg 2000). Additionally, flight calling is a common occurrence during the daytime (Gauthreaux 1972, Evans and [...]

This study explores the role of snowpack in polar boundary layer chemistry, especially as a direct source of reactive bromine (BrOx = BrO + Br) and nitrogen (NOx = NO + NO2) in the Arctic springtime. Surface snow samples were collected daily from a Canadian high Arctic location at Eureka, Nunavut (80° N, 86° W) from the end of February to the end of March in 2018 and 2019. The snow was sampled at several sites representing distinct environments: sea ice, inland close to sea level, and a hilltop ∼ 600 m above sea level (a.s.l.). At the inland sites, surface snow salinity has a double-peak distribution with the first and lowest peak at 0.001–0.002 practical salinity unit (psu), which corresponds to the precipitation effect, and the second peak at 0.01–0.04 psu , which is likely related to the salt accumulation effect (due to loss of water vapour by sublimation). Snow salinity on sea ice has a triple-peak distribution; its first and second peaks overlap with the inland peaks, and the third peak at 0.2–0.4 psu is likely due to the sea water effect (a result of upward migration of brine). At all sites, snow sodium and chloride concentrations increase by almost 10-fold from the top 0.2 to ∼ 1.5 cm. Surface snow bromide at sea level is significantly enriched, indicating a net sink of atmospheric bromine. Moreover, surface snow bromide at sea level has an increasing trend over the measurement period, with mean slopes of 0.024 µMd-1 in the 0–0.2 cm layer and 0.016 µMd-1 in the 0.2–0.5 cm layer. Surface snow nitrate at sea level also shows a significant increasing trend, with mean slopes of 0.27, 0.20, and 0.07 µMd-1 in the top 0.2, 0.2–0.5, and 0.5–1.5 cm layers, respectively. Using these trends, an integrated net deposition flux of bromide of (1.01 ± 0.48) × 10 7 molec.cm-2s-1 and an integrated net deposition flux of nitrate of (2.6 ± 0.37) × 10 8 molec.cm-2s-1 were derived. In addition, the surface snow nitrate and bromide at inland sites were found to be significantly correlated (R = 0.48–0.76) with the [NO3-]/[Br-] ratio of 4–7 indicating a possible acceleration effect of reactive bromine in atmospheric NOx -to-nitrate conversion. This is the first time such an effect has been seen in snow chemistry data obtained with a sampling frequency as short as 1 d. BrO partial column (0–4 km) data measured by MAX-DOAS show a decreasing trend in early spring, which generally agrees with the derived surface snow bromide deposition flux indicating that bromine in Eureka atmosphere and surface snow did not reach a photochemical equilibrium state. Through mass balance analysis, we conclude that the average release flux of reactive bromine from snow over the campaign period must be smaller than the derived bromide deposition flux of ∼ 1 × 10 7 molec.cm-2s-1. Note that the net mean fluxes observed do not completely rule out larger bidirectional fluxes over shorter timescales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flight calls are short vocalizations frequently associated with migratory behavior that may maintain group structure, signal individual identity, and facilitate intra- and interspecific communication. In this study, Magnolia Warbler (Setophaga magnolia) flight call characteristics varied significantly by season and recording location, but not age or sex, and an individual’s flight calls were significantly more similar to one another than to calls of other individuals. To determine if flight calls encode traits of the signaling individual during migration, we analyzed acoustic characteristics of the calls from the nocturnally migrating Magnolia Warbler. Specifically, we analyzed calls recorded from temporarily captured birds across the northeastern United States, including Appledore Island in Maine, Braddock Bay Bird Observatory in New York, and Powdermill Avian Research Center in Pennsylvania to quantify variation attributable to individual identity, sex, age, seasonality, and recording location. Overall, our findings suggest that Magnolia Warbler flight calls may show meaningful individual variation and exhibit previously undescribed spatiotemporal variation, providing a basis for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]