1. Racial and ethnic differences in the association between depressive symptoms and cognitive outcomes in older adults: Findings from KHANDLE and STAR
- Author
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Jimenez, Marcia P, Gause, Emma L, Sims, Kendra D, Hayes‐Larson, Eleanor, Morris, Emily P, Fletcher, Evan, Manly, Jennifer, Gilsanz, Paola, Soh, Yenee, Corrada, Maria, Whitmer, Rachel A, and Glymour, Medellena Maria
- Subjects
Biological Psychology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Psychology ,Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD) ,Depression ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Clinical Research ,Neurosciences ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Brain Disorders ,Health Disparities ,Mental Illness ,Dementia ,Alzheimer's Disease ,Acquired Cognitive Impairment ,Mental Health ,Neurodegenerative ,Aging ,Minority Health ,Mental health ,Neurological ,Humans ,Male ,Female ,Aged ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Middle Aged ,Ethnicity ,Black or African American ,Cognition ,White People ,Aged ,80 and over ,Alzheimer's disease ,cognitive function ,depressive symptoms ,longitudinal data ,mental health ,race and ethnicity ,Hispanic or Latino ,Asian ,White ,Geriatrics ,Clinical sciences ,Biological psychology - Abstract
IntroductionDepressive symptoms are associated with higher risk of dementia, but how they impact cognition in diverse populations is unclear.MethodsAsian, Black, Latino, or White participants (n = 2227) in the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (age 65+) and the Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (age 50+) underwent up to three waves of cognitive assessments over 4 years. Multilevel models stratified by race/ethnicity were used to examine whether depressive symptoms were associated with cognition or cognitive decline and whether associations differed by race/ethnicity.ResultsHigher depressive symptoms were associated with lower baseline verbal episodic memory scores (-0.06, 95% CI: -0.12, -0.01; -0.15, 95% CI: -0.25, -0.04), and faster decline annually in semantic memory (-0.04, 95% CI: -0.07, -0.01; -0.10, 95% CI: -0.15, -0.05) for Black and Latino participants. Depressive symptoms were associated with lower baseline but not decline in executive function.DiscussionDepressive symptoms were associated with worse cognitive outcomes, with some evidence of heterogeneity across racial/ethnic groups.HighlightsWe examined whether baseline depressive symptoms were differentially associated with domain-specific cognition or cognitive decline by race/ethnicity. Depressive symptoms were associated with worse cognitive scores for all racial/ethnic groups across different domains examined. Higher depressive symptoms were associated with faster cognitive decline for semantic memory for Black and Latino participants. The results suggest a particularly harmful association between depressive symptoms and cognition in certain racial/ethnic groups.
- Published
- 2024