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1. Giving pupils licence to lead : supporting teachers' continuing professional development in the use of ICT

Author

Morris, Andrew David

Subjects
370.71
Abstract

This study investigates the effects of reconceptualising approaches towards teachers’ Continuing Professional Development [CPD] through an action research project which enabled a situation to develop where the pupils became the educators and teachers the learners. The study, which became known by the pupils and staff involved as the Teach a Teacher project, took place in one secondary school in England over an eighteen-month period between 2013 and 2015. The cohort of participants was self-selecting and involved sixteen Year 8 pupils (aged 12–13) and eight teachers. Working in pairs, pupils then negotiated and delivered an individual programme of Information and Communication Technology [ICT] CPD for their chosen member of staff. During the period of this study, I undertook observations of pupils training their teachers, carried out interviews with the teachers and conducted focus groups with the pupils. Through gathering this data, I was able to evaluate how the exchange of technological expertise not only brought about a step-change in teaching and learning, but also brought about a change in the relationships between teachers and pupils. To articulate these converging themes, this research draws upon the theoretical bodies of work on student voice, and teachers’ CPD. In the interest of developing a deeper understanding of the social dynamics that underpin these educational landscapes, the literature on school leadership, as well as the debates concerning digital ‘natives’ and digital ‘immigrants’, and therefore perceived generational divisions, are also briefly explored. The most compelling and substantive outcome of the research was not just the extent to which the process of role reversal was openly embraced, but how this led a mutual empathy to develop between pupils and their teachers. Research on pupils providing ICT CPD for their teachers in English secondary schools is essentially non-existent. This thesis is the only study which presents both pupils’ and teachers’ perspectives on their involvement in providing a highly effective and supportive, yet underestimated model of teachers’ CPD.

Published
2017
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2. Studies of insulin sensitivity using the euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp

Author

Morris, Andrew David

Subjects
610
Abstract

A series of studies which have utilised the euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity is described. The methods for measuring insulin sensitivity have been evaluated and conclusions drawn about reproducibility and inherent limitations of the technique. The euglycaemic clamp has been used to examine the effects of angiotensin II and antihypertensive drugs on insulin sensitivity in normal subjects, patients with essential hypertension and patients with impaired glucose tolerance or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Each individual study was approved by the local Research and Ethical Committee and informed consent was obtained from each subject before participation in a study. (i) Evaluation of the euglvcaemic hvperinsulinaemic clamp technique. It was recognised that despite widespread use of the euglycaemic clamp in clinical research, key aspects of the technique remained to be validated. (a) The intra- and inter-subject variability in insulin sensitivity and the time for insulin mediated glucose disposal to reach steady state were evaluated in 18 healthy male subjects and 6 patients with essential hypertension who attended two study days when a euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp was performed. Measurements of insulin sensitivity derived from the euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp were expressed as whole body glucose uptake (M), and the insulin sensitivity index (SIP). M values at 120 mins were significantly less than at 180 mins in both the healthy subjects and in the hypertensive patients indicating a progressive increase in glucose utilisation over the 180 minutes. The intra subject coefficient of variation (c.v.) of M at 120 mins and 180 mins was 8% and 6% for healthy subjects and 14% and 5% for patients with essential hypertension respectively. The inter subject c.v. of M at 120 mins and 180 mins was 22% and 21% for healthy subjects and 43% and 38% for patients with essential hypertension. The intra subject c.v. of the insulin stimulus was 10% in both groups. The intra subject c.v. of the was 21% for healthy subjects and 16% for patients with essential hypertension. Thus, it was demonstrated that the clamp is highly reproducible within subjects but the inter subject variability is wide. Clamps of 120 min duration underestimate M by up to 10% and are not as reproducible in patients with essential hypertension. The SIP is poorly reproducible; my data suggest that the M value is a better index for comparison of possible changes in insulin sensitivity. (b) The need to arterialise venous blood with a heated hand box was evaluated in 6 healthy subjects. Each subject attended 2 study days when a euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp was performed and "arterialised" (AV; heated hand vein) and mixed venous blood (MV; antecubital fossa) were collected simultaneously for the measurement of plasma glucose and oxygen saturations It was demonstrated that AV blood was effectively arterialised achieving oxygen saturations of 95+2%, and that plasma glucose concentrations were less variable when compared with MV samples. (c) The haemodynamic and metabolic effects of hand warming were evaluated in 6 healthy male subjects who attended 2 study days when a euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp was performed. On the first day AV blood was used to adjust the glucose infusion rate required to maintain euglycaemia; on the second study day MV blood was used. The results demonstrate that there was a significant trend for M values to be higher when arterialised blood was used when compared with mixed venous blood. My results suggest that hand warming may induce a blood pressure lowering effect that is associated with a confounding increase in the derived measurement of insulin sensitivity. (ii) Evaluation of the effects of lacidipine on insulin sensitivity. The acute and chronic (2 weeks) effects of the dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, lacidipine (4 mg daily), on insulin mediated metabolic responses was evaluated in a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study in 12 healthy subjects and 6 patients with essential hypertension. Each subject attended 4 study days when insulin sensitivity was evaluated using the euglycaemic hyperinsulinaeniic clamp. In the healthy subjects, reflex tachycardia was observed after lacidipine administration but neither first dose nor 2 weeks of lacidipine treatment altered insulin sensitivity when compared with placebo. A significant decrease in fasting triglyceride concentrations was observed after 2 weeks lacidipine treatment. 95% confidence intervals excluded a 15% change in whole body glucose uptake. In the hypertensive patients, lacidipine treatment was associated with reflex tachycardia and a trend towards decreased blood pressure but there was no significant effect on whole body insulin sensitivity.

Published
1994

3. Sex-stratified Genome-wide Association Studies Including 270,000 Individuals Show Sexual Dimorphism in Genetic Loci for Anthropometric Traits

Author

Randall, Joshua C., Winkler, Thomas W., Kutalik, Zoltan, Berndt, Sonja I., Jackson, Anne U., Monda, Keri L., Kilpelaeinen, Tuomas O., Esko, Tonu, Maegi, Reedik, Li, Shengxu, Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie, Feitosa, Mary F., Croteau-Chonka, Damien C., Day, Felix R., Fall, Tove, Ferreira, Teresa, Gustafsson, Stefan, Locke, Adam E., Mathieson, Iain, Scherag, Andre, Vedantam, Sailaja, Wood, Andrew R., Liang, Liming, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T., Dimas, Antigone S., Karpe, Fredrik, Min, Josine L., Nicholson, George, Clegg, Deborah J., Person, Thomas, Krohn, Jon P., Bauer, Sabrina, Buechler, Christa, Eisinger, Kristina, Bonnefond, Amelie, Froguel, Philippe, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Prokopenko, Inga, Waite, Lindsay L., Harris, Tamara B., Smith, Albert Vernon, Shuldiner, Alan R., McArdle, Wendy L., Caulfield, Mark J., Munroe, Patricia B., Gronberg, Henrik, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Li, Guo, Beckmann, Jacques S., Johnson, Toby, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Teder-Laving, Maris, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Wareham, Nicholas J., Zhao, Jing Hua, Amin, Najaf, Oostra, Ben A., Kraja, Aldi T., Province, Michael A., Cupples, L. Adrienne, Heard-Costa, Nancy L., Kaprio, Jaakko, Ripatti, Samuli, Surakka, Ida, Collins, Francis S., Saramies, Jouko, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Jula, Antti, Salomaa, Veikko, Erdmann, Jeanette, Hengstenberg, Christian, Loley, Christina, Schunkert, Heribert, Lamina, Claudia, Wichmann, H. Erich, Albrecht, Eva, Gieger, Christian, Hicks, Andrew A., Johansson, Åsa, Pramstaller, Peter P., Kathiresan, Sekar, Speliotes, Elizabeth K., Penninx, Brenda, Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Gyllensten, Ulf, Boomsma, Dorret I., Campbell, Harry, Wilson, James F., Chanock, Stephen J., Farrall, Martin, Goel, Anuj, Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Estrada, Karol, Uitterlinden, Andre G., Hofman, Albert, Zillikens, M. Carola, den Heijer, Martin, Kiemeney, Lambertus A., Maschio, Andrea, Hall, Per, Tyrer, Jonathan, Teumer, Alexander, Voelzke, Henry, Kovacs, Peter, Toenjes, Anke, Mangino, Massimo, Spector, Tim D., Hayward, Caroline, Rudan, Igor, Hall, Alistair S., Samani, Nilesh J., Attwood, Antony Paul, Sambrook, Jennifer G., Hung, Joseph, Palmer, Lyle J., Lokki, Marja-Liisa, Sinisalo, Juha, Boucher, Gabrielle, Huikuri, Heikki, Lorentzon, Mattias, Ohlsson, Claes, Eklund, Niina, Eriksson, Johan G., Barlassina, Cristina, Rivolta, Carlo, Nolte, Ilja M., Snieder, Harold, Van der Klauw, Melanie M., Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V., Gejman, Pablo V., Shi, Jianxin, Jacobs, Kevin B., Wang, Zhaoming, Bakker, Stephan J. L., Leach, Irene Mateo, Navis, Gerjan, van der Harst, Pim, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Yang, Jian, Chasman, Daniel I., Ridker, Paul M., Rose, Lynda M., Lehtimaki, Terho, Raitakari, Olli, Absher, Devin, Iribarren, Carlos, Basart, Hanneke, Hovingh, Kees G., Hyppoenen, Elina, Power, Chris, Anderson, Denise, Beilby, John P., Hui, Jennie, Jolley, Jennifer, Sager, Hendrik, Bornstein, Stefan R., Schwarz, Peter E. H., Kristiansson, Kati, Perola, Markus, Lindstrom, Jaana, Swift, Amy J., Uusitupa, Matti, Atalay, Mustafa, Lakka, Timo A., Rauramaa, Rainer, Bolton, Jennifer L., Fowkes, Gerry, Fraser, Ross M., Price, Jackie F., Fischer, Krista, KrjutAikov, Kaarel, Metspalu, Andres, Mihailov, Evelin, Langenberg, Claudia, Luan, Jian'an, Ong, Ken K., Chines, Peter S., Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M., Saaristo, Timo E., Edkins, Sarah, Franks, Paul W., Hallmans, Goran, Shungin, Dmitry, Morris, Andrew David, Palmer, Colin N. A., Erbel, Raimund, Moebus, Susanne, Noethen, Markus M., Pechlivanis, Sonali, Hveem, Kristian, Narisu, Narisu, Hamsten, Anders, Humphries, Steve E., Strawbridge, Rona J., Tremoli, Elena, Grallert, Harald, Thorand, Barbara, Illig, Thomas, Koenig, Wolfgang, Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Peters, Annette, Boehm, Bernhard O., Kleber, Marcus E., Maerz, Winfried, Winkelmann, Bernhard R., Kuusisto, Johanna, Laakso, Markku, Arveiler, Dominique, Cesana, Giancarlo, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Virtamo, Jarmo, Yarnell, John W. G., Kuh, Diana, Wong, Andrew, Lind, Lars, de Faire, Ulf, Gigante, Bruna, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dedoussis, George, Dimitriou, Maria, Kolovou, Genovefa, Kanoni, Stavroula, Stirrups, Kathleen, Bonnycastle, Lori L., Njolstad, Inger, Wilsgaard, Tom, Ganna, Andrea, Rehnberg, Emil, Hingorani, Aroon, Kivimaki, Mika, Kumari, Meena, Assimes, Themistocles L., Barroso, Ine S., Boehnke, Michael, Borecki, Ingrid B., Deloukas, Panos, Fox, Caroline S., Frayling, Timothy, Groop, Leif C., Haritunians, Talin, Hunter, David, Ingelsson, Erik, Kaplan, Robert, Mohlke, Karen L., O'Connell, Jeffrey R., Schlessinger, David, Strachan, David P., Stefansson, Kari, van Duijn, Cornelia M., Abecasis, Goncalo R., McCarthy, Mark I., Hirschhorn, Joel N., Qi, Lu, Loos, Ruth J. F., Lindgren, Cecilia M., North, Kari E., Heid, Iris M., Randall, Joshua C., Winkler, Thomas W., Kutalik, Zoltan, Berndt, Sonja I., Jackson, Anne U., Monda, Keri L., Kilpelaeinen, Tuomas O., Esko, Tonu, Maegi, Reedik, Li, Shengxu, Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie, Feitosa, Mary F., Croteau-Chonka, Damien C., Day, Felix R., Fall, Tove, Ferreira, Teresa, Gustafsson, Stefan, Locke, Adam E., Mathieson, Iain, Scherag, Andre, Vedantam, Sailaja, Wood, Andrew R., Liang, Liming, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T., Dimas, Antigone S., Karpe, Fredrik, Min, Josine L., Nicholson, George, Clegg, Deborah J., Person, Thomas, Krohn, Jon P., Bauer, Sabrina, Buechler, Christa, Eisinger, Kristina, Bonnefond, Amelie, Froguel, Philippe, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Prokopenko, Inga, Waite, Lindsay L., Harris, Tamara B., Smith, Albert Vernon, Shuldiner, Alan R., McArdle, Wendy L., Caulfield, Mark J., Munroe, Patricia B., Gronberg, Henrik, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Li, Guo, Beckmann, Jacques S., Johnson, Toby, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Teder-Laving, Maris, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Wareham, Nicholas J., Zhao, Jing Hua, Amin, Najaf, Oostra, Ben A., Kraja, Aldi T., Province, Michael A., Cupples, L. Adrienne, Heard-Costa, Nancy L., Kaprio, Jaakko, Ripatti, Samuli, Surakka, Ida, Collins, Francis S., Saramies, Jouko, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Jula, Antti, Salomaa, Veikko, Erdmann, Jeanette, Hengstenberg, Christian, Loley, Christina, Schunkert, Heribert, Lamina, Claudia, Wichmann, H. Erich, Albrecht, Eva, Gieger, Christian, Hicks, Andrew A., Johansson, Åsa, Pramstaller, Peter P., Kathiresan, Sekar, Speliotes, Elizabeth K., Penninx, Brenda, Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Gyllensten, Ulf, Boomsma, Dorret I., Campbell, Harry, Wilson, James F., Chanock, Stephen J., Farrall, Martin, Goel, Anuj, Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Estrada, Karol, Uitterlinden, Andre G., Hofman, Albert, Zillikens, M. Carola, den Heijer, Martin, Kiemeney, Lambertus A., Maschio, Andrea, Hall, Per, Tyrer, Jonathan, Teumer, Alexander, Voelzke, Henry, Kovacs, Peter, Toenjes, Anke, Mangino, Massimo, Spector, Tim D., Hayward, Caroline, Rudan, Igor, Hall, Alistair S., Samani, Nilesh J., Attwood, Antony Paul, Sambrook, Jennifer G., Hung, Joseph, Palmer, Lyle J., Lokki, Marja-Liisa, Sinisalo, Juha, Boucher, Gabrielle, Huikuri, Heikki, Lorentzon, Mattias, Ohlsson, Claes, Eklund, Niina, Eriksson, Johan G., Barlassina, Cristina, Rivolta, Carlo, Nolte, Ilja M., Snieder, Harold, Van der Klauw, Melanie M., Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V., Gejman, Pablo V., Shi, Jianxin, Jacobs, Kevin B., Wang, Zhaoming, Bakker, Stephan J. L., Leach, Irene Mateo, Navis, Gerjan, van der Harst, Pim, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Yang, Jian, Chasman, Daniel I., Ridker, Paul M., Rose, Lynda M., Lehtimaki, Terho, Raitakari, Olli, Absher, Devin, Iribarren, Carlos, Basart, Hanneke, Hovingh, Kees G., Hyppoenen, Elina, Power, Chris, Anderson, Denise, Beilby, John P., Hui, Jennie, Jolley, Jennifer, Sager, Hendrik, Bornstein, Stefan R., Schwarz, Peter E. H., Kristiansson, Kati, Perola, Markus, Lindstrom, Jaana, Swift, Amy J., Uusitupa, Matti, Atalay, Mustafa, Lakka, Timo A., Rauramaa, Rainer, Bolton, Jennifer L., Fowkes, Gerry, Fraser, Ross M., Price, Jackie F., Fischer, Krista, KrjutAikov, Kaarel, Metspalu, Andres, Mihailov, Evelin, Langenberg, Claudia, Luan, Jian'an, Ong, Ken K., Chines, Peter S., Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M., Saaristo, Timo E., Edkins, Sarah, Franks, Paul W., Hallmans, Goran, Shungin, Dmitry, Morris, Andrew David, Palmer, Colin N. A., Erbel, Raimund, Moebus, Susanne, Noethen, Markus M., Pechlivanis, Sonali, Hveem, Kristian, Narisu, Narisu, Hamsten, Anders, Humphries, Steve E., Strawbridge, Rona J., Tremoli, Elena, Grallert, Harald, Thorand, Barbara, Illig, Thomas, Koenig, Wolfgang, Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Peters, Annette, Boehm, Bernhard O., Kleber, Marcus E., Maerz, Winfried, Winkelmann, Bernhard R., Kuusisto, Johanna, Laakso, Markku, Arveiler, Dominique, Cesana, Giancarlo, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Virtamo, Jarmo, Yarnell, John W. G., Kuh, Diana, Wong, Andrew, Lind, Lars, de Faire, Ulf, Gigante, Bruna, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dedoussis, George, Dimitriou, Maria, Kolovou, Genovefa, Kanoni, Stavroula, Stirrups, Kathleen, Bonnycastle, Lori L., Njolstad, Inger, Wilsgaard, Tom, Ganna, Andrea, Rehnberg, Emil, Hingorani, Aroon, Kivimaki, Mika, Kumari, Meena, Assimes, Themistocles L., Barroso, Ine S., Boehnke, Michael, Borecki, Ingrid B., Deloukas, Panos, Fox, Caroline S., Frayling, Timothy, Groop, Leif C., Haritunians, Talin, Hunter, David, Ingelsson, Erik, Kaplan, Robert, Mohlke, Karen L., O'Connell, Jeffrey R., Schlessinger, David, Strachan, David P., Stefansson, Kari, van Duijn, Cornelia M., Abecasis, Goncalo R., McCarthy, Mark I., Hirschhorn, Joel N., Qi, Lu, Loos, Ruth J. F., Lindgren, Cecilia M., North, Kari E., and Heid, Iris M.

Abstract

Given the anthropometric differences between men and women and previous evidence of sex-difference in genetic effects, we conducted a genome-wide search for sexually dimorphic associations with height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-to-hip-ratio (133,723 individuals) and took forward 348 SNPs into follow-up (additional 137,052 individuals) in a total of 94 studies. Seven loci displayed significant sex-difference (FDR<5%), including four previously established (near GRB14/COBLL1, LYPLAL1/SLC30A10, VEGFA, ADAMTS9) and three novel anthropometric trait loci (near MAP3K1, HSD17B4, PPARG), all of which were genome-wide significant in women (P<5x10(-8)), but not in men. Sex-differences were apparent only for waist phenotypes, not for height, weight, BMI, or hip circumference. Moreover, we found no evidence for genetic effects with opposite directions in men versus women. The PPARG locus is of specific interest due to its role in diabetes genetics and therapy. Our results demonstrate the value of sex-specific GWAS to unravel the sexually dimorphic genetic underpinning of complex traits.

Published
2013
Full Text
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4. Sex-stratified Genome-wide Association Studies Including 270,000 Individuals Show Sexual Dimorphism in Genetic Loci for Anthropometric Traits

Author

University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Samuli Olli Ripatti / Principal Investigator, University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health (-2009), Randall, Joshua C., Winkler, Thomas W., Kutalik, Zoltan, Berndt, Sonja I., Jackson, Anne U., Monda, Keri L., Kilpelaeinen, Tuomas O., Esko, Tonu, Maegi, Reedik, Li, Shengxu, Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie, Feitosa, Mary F., Croteau-Chonka, Damien C., Day, Felix R., Fall, Tove, Ferreira, Teresa, Gustafsson, Stefan, Locke, Adam E., Mathieson, Iain, Scherag, Andre, Vedantam, Sailaja, Wood, Andrew R., Liang, Liming, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T., Dimas, Antigone S., Karpe, Fredrik, Min, Josine L., Nicholson, George, Clegg, Deborah J., Person, Thomas, Krohn, Jon P., Bauer, Sabrina, Buechler, Christa, Eisinger, Kristina, Bonnefond, Amelie, Froguel, Philippe, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Prokopenko, Inga, Waite, Lindsay L., Harris, Tamara B., Smith, Albert Vernon, Shuldiner, Alan R., McArdle, Wendy L., Caulfield, Mark J., Munroe, Patricia B., Gronberg, Henrik, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Li, Guo, Beckmann, Jacques S., Johnson, Toby, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Teder-Laving, Maris, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Wareham, Nicholas J., Zhao, Jing Hua, Amin, Najaf, Oostra, Ben A., Kraja, Aldi T., Province, Michael A., Cupples, L. Adrienne, Heard-Costa, Nancy L., Kaprio, Jaakko, Ripatti, Samuli, Surakka, Ida, Collins, Francis S., Saramies, Jouko, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Jula, Antti, Salomaa, Veikko, Erdmann, Jeanette, Hengstenberg, Christian, Loley, Christina, Schunkert, Heribert, Lamina, Claudia, Wichmann, H. Erich, Albrecht, Eva, Gieger, Christian, Hicks, Andrew A., Johansson, Asa, Pramstaller, Peter P., Kathiresan, Sekar, Speliotes, Elizabeth K., Penninx, Brenda, Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Gyllensten, Ulf, Boomsma, Dorret I., Campbell, Harry, Wilson, James F., Chanock, Stephen J., Farrall, Martin, Goel, Anuj, Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Estrada, Karol, Uitterlinden, Andre G., Hofman, Albert, Zillikens, M. Carola, den Heijer, Martin, Kiemeney, Lambertus A., Maschio, Andrea, Hall, Per, Tyrer, Jonathan, Teumer, Alexander, Voelzke, Henry, Kovacs, Peter, Toenjes, Anke, Mangino, Massimo, Spector, Tim D., Hayward, Caroline, Rudan, Igor, Hall, Alistair S., Samani, Nilesh J., Attwood, Antony Paul, Sambrook, Jennifer G., Hung, Joseph, Palmer, Lyle J., Lokki, Marja-Liisa, Sinisalo, Juha-Pekka, Boucher, Gabrielle, Huikuri, Heikki, Lorentzon, Mattias, Ohlsson, Claes, Eklund, Niina, Eriksson, Johan G., Barlassina, Cristina, Rivolta, Carlo, Nolte, Ilja M., Snieder, Harold, Van der Klauw, Melanie M., Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V., Gejman, Pablo V., Shi, Jianxin, Jacobs, Kevin B., Wang, Zhaoming, Bakker, Stephan J. L., Leach, Irene Mateo, Navis, Gerjan, van der Harst, Pim, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Yang, Jian, Chasman, Daniel I., Ridker, Paul M., Rose, Lynda M., Lehtimaki, Terho, Raitakari, Olli, Absher, Devin, Iribarren, Carlos, Basart, Hanneke, Hovingh, Kees G., Hyppoenen, Elina, Power, Chris, Anderson, Denise, Beilby, John P., Hui, Jennie, Jolley, Jennifer, Sager, Hendrik, Bornstein, Stefan R., Schwarz, Peter E. H., Kristiansson, Kati, Perola, Markus, Lindstrom, Jaana, Swift, Amy J., Uusitupa, Matti, Atalay, Mustafa, Lakka, Timo A., Rauramaa, Rainer, Bolton, Jennifer L., Fowkes, Gerry, Fraser, Ross M., Price, Jackie F., Fischer, Krista, KrjutAikov, Kaarel, Metspalu, Andres, Mihailov, Evelin, Langenberg, Claudia, Luan, Jian'an, Ong, Ken K., Chines, Peter S., Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M., Saaristo, Timo E., Edkins, Sarah, Franks, Paul W., Hallmans, Goran, Shungin, Dmitry, Morris, Andrew David, Palmer, Colin N. A., Erbel, Raimund, Moebus, Susanne, Noethen, Markus M., Pechlivanis, Sonali, Hveem, Kristian, Narisu, Narisu, Hamsten, Anders, Humphries, Steve E., Strawbridge, Rona J., Tremoli, Elena, Grallert, Harald, Thorand, Barbara, Illig, Thomas, Koenig, Wolfgang, Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Peters, Annette, Boehm, Bernhard O., Kleber, Marcus E., Maerz, Winfried, Winkelmann, Bernhard R., Kuusisto, Johanna, Laakso, Markku, Arveiler, Dominique, Cesana, Giancarlo, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Virtamo, Jarmo, Yarnell, John W. G., Kuh, Diana, Wong, Andrew, Lind, Lars, de Faire, Ulf, Gigante, Bruna, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dedoussis, George, Dimitriou, Maria, Kolovou, Genovefa, Kanoni, Stavroula, Stirrups, Kathleen, Bonnycastle, Lori L., Njolstad, Inger, Wilsgaard, Tom, Ganna, Andrea, Rehnberg, Emil, Hingorani, Aroon, Kivimäki, Mika, Kumari, Meena, Assimes, Themistocles L., Barroso, Ine S., Boehnke, Michael, Borecki, Ingrid B., Deloukas, Panos, Fox, Caroline S., Frayling, Timothy, Groop, Leif C., Haritunians, Talin, Hunter, David, Ingelsson, Erik, Kaplan, Robert, Mohlke, Karen L., O'Connell, Jeffrey R., Schlessinger, David, Strachan, David P., Stefansson, Kari, van Duijn, Cornelia M., Abecasis, Goncalo R., McCarthy, Mark I., Hirschhorn, Joel N., Qi, Lu, Loos, Ruth J. F., Lindgren, Cecilia M., North, Kari E., Heid, Iris M., Consortium, DIAGRAM, Investigators, MAGIC, University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Samuli Olli Ripatti / Principal Investigator, University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health (-2009), Randall, Joshua C., Winkler, Thomas W., Kutalik, Zoltan, Berndt, Sonja I., Jackson, Anne U., Monda, Keri L., Kilpelaeinen, Tuomas O., Esko, Tonu, Maegi, Reedik, Li, Shengxu, Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie, Feitosa, Mary F., Croteau-Chonka, Damien C., Day, Felix R., Fall, Tove, Ferreira, Teresa, Gustafsson, Stefan, Locke, Adam E., Mathieson, Iain, Scherag, Andre, Vedantam, Sailaja, Wood, Andrew R., Liang, Liming, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T., Dimas, Antigone S., Karpe, Fredrik, Min, Josine L., Nicholson, George, Clegg, Deborah J., Person, Thomas, Krohn, Jon P., Bauer, Sabrina, Buechler, Christa, Eisinger, Kristina, Bonnefond, Amelie, Froguel, Philippe, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Prokopenko, Inga, Waite, Lindsay L., Harris, Tamara B., Smith, Albert Vernon, Shuldiner, Alan R., McArdle, Wendy L., Caulfield, Mark J., Munroe, Patricia B., Gronberg, Henrik, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Li, Guo, Beckmann, Jacques S., Johnson, Toby, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Teder-Laving, Maris, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Wareham, Nicholas J., Zhao, Jing Hua, Amin, Najaf, Oostra, Ben A., Kraja, Aldi T., Province, Michael A., Cupples, L. Adrienne, Heard-Costa, Nancy L., Kaprio, Jaakko, Ripatti, Samuli, Surakka, Ida, Collins, Francis S., Saramies, Jouko, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Jula, Antti, Salomaa, Veikko, Erdmann, Jeanette, Hengstenberg, Christian, Loley, Christina, Schunkert, Heribert, Lamina, Claudia, Wichmann, H. Erich, Albrecht, Eva, Gieger, Christian, Hicks, Andrew A., Johansson, Asa, Pramstaller, Peter P., Kathiresan, Sekar, Speliotes, Elizabeth K., Penninx, Brenda, Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Gyllensten, Ulf, Boomsma, Dorret I., Campbell, Harry, Wilson, James F., Chanock, Stephen J., Farrall, Martin, Goel, Anuj, Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Estrada, Karol, Uitterlinden, Andre G., Hofman, Albert, Zillikens, M. Carola, den Heijer, Martin, Kiemeney, Lambertus A., Maschio, Andrea, Hall, Per, Tyrer, Jonathan, Teumer, Alexander, Voelzke, Henry, Kovacs, Peter, Toenjes, Anke, Mangino, Massimo, Spector, Tim D., Hayward, Caroline, Rudan, Igor, Hall, Alistair S., Samani, Nilesh J., Attwood, Antony Paul, Sambrook, Jennifer G., Hung, Joseph, Palmer, Lyle J., Lokki, Marja-Liisa, Sinisalo, Juha-Pekka, Boucher, Gabrielle, Huikuri, Heikki, Lorentzon, Mattias, Ohlsson, Claes, Eklund, Niina, Eriksson, Johan G., Barlassina, Cristina, Rivolta, Carlo, Nolte, Ilja M., Snieder, Harold, Van der Klauw, Melanie M., Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V., Gejman, Pablo V., Shi, Jianxin, Jacobs, Kevin B., Wang, Zhaoming, Bakker, Stephan J. L., Leach, Irene Mateo, Navis, Gerjan, van der Harst, Pim, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Yang, Jian, Chasman, Daniel I., Ridker, Paul M., Rose, Lynda M., Lehtimaki, Terho, Raitakari, Olli, Absher, Devin, Iribarren, Carlos, Basart, Hanneke, Hovingh, Kees G., Hyppoenen, Elina, Power, Chris, Anderson, Denise, Beilby, John P., Hui, Jennie, Jolley, Jennifer, Sager, Hendrik, Bornstein, Stefan R., Schwarz, Peter E. H., Kristiansson, Kati, Perola, Markus, Lindstrom, Jaana, Swift, Amy J., Uusitupa, Matti, Atalay, Mustafa, Lakka, Timo A., Rauramaa, Rainer, Bolton, Jennifer L., Fowkes, Gerry, Fraser, Ross M., Price, Jackie F., Fischer, Krista, KrjutAikov, Kaarel, Metspalu, Andres, Mihailov, Evelin, Langenberg, Claudia, Luan, Jian'an, Ong, Ken K., Chines, Peter S., Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M., Saaristo, Timo E., Edkins, Sarah, Franks, Paul W., Hallmans, Goran, Shungin, Dmitry, Morris, Andrew David, Palmer, Colin N. A., Erbel, Raimund, Moebus, Susanne, Noethen, Markus M., Pechlivanis, Sonali, Hveem, Kristian, Narisu, Narisu, Hamsten, Anders, Humphries, Steve E., Strawbridge, Rona J., Tremoli, Elena, Grallert, Harald, Thorand, Barbara, Illig, Thomas, Koenig, Wolfgang, Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Peters, Annette, Boehm, Bernhard O., Kleber, Marcus E., Maerz, Winfried, Winkelmann, Bernhard R., Kuusisto, Johanna, Laakso, Markku, Arveiler, Dominique, Cesana, Giancarlo, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Virtamo, Jarmo, Yarnell, John W. G., Kuh, Diana, Wong, Andrew, Lind, Lars, de Faire, Ulf, Gigante, Bruna, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dedoussis, George, Dimitriou, Maria, Kolovou, Genovefa, Kanoni, Stavroula, Stirrups, Kathleen, Bonnycastle, Lori L., Njolstad, Inger, Wilsgaard, Tom, Ganna, Andrea, Rehnberg, Emil, Hingorani, Aroon, Kivimäki, Mika, Kumari, Meena, Assimes, Themistocles L., Barroso, Ine S., Boehnke, Michael, Borecki, Ingrid B., Deloukas, Panos, Fox, Caroline S., Frayling, Timothy, Groop, Leif C., Haritunians, Talin, Hunter, David, Ingelsson, Erik, Kaplan, Robert, Mohlke, Karen L., O'Connell, Jeffrey R., Schlessinger, David, Strachan, David P., Stefansson, Kari, van Duijn, Cornelia M., Abecasis, Goncalo R., McCarthy, Mark I., Hirschhorn, Joel N., Qi, Lu, Loos, Ruth J. F., Lindgren, Cecilia M., North, Kari E., Heid, Iris M., Consortium, DIAGRAM, and Investigators, MAGIC

Published
2013

5. Sex-stratified genome-wide association studies including 270,000 individuals show sexual dimorphism in genetic loci for anthropometric traits

Author

MAGIC Investigators, Randall, Joshua C., Winkler, Thomas W., Kutalik, Zoltán, I. Berndt, Sonja, Jackson, Anne U., Monda, Keri L., Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O., Esko, Tõnu, Mägi, Reedik, Li, Shengxu, Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie, Feitosa, Mary F., Croteau-Chonka, Damien C., Day, Felix R., Fall, Tove, Ferreira, Teresa, Gustafsson, Stefan, Locke, Adam E., Mathieson, Iain, Scherag, André, Vedantam, Sailaja, Wood, Andrew R., Liang, Liming, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T., Dimas, Antigone S., Karpe, Fredrik, Min, Josine L., Nicholson, George, Clegg, Deborah J., Person, Thomas, Krohn, Jon P., Bauer, Sabrina, Buechler, Christa, Eisinger, Kristina, Bonnefond, Amélie, Froguel, Philippe, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Prokopenko, Inga, Waite, Lindsay L., Harris, Tamara B., Smith, Albert Vernon, Shuldiner, Alan R., McArdle, Wendy L., Caulfield, Mark J., Munroe, Patricia B., Grönberg, Henrik, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Li, Guo, Beckmann, Jacques S., Johnson, Toby, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Teder-Laving, Maris, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Wareham, Nicholas J., Zhao, Jing Hua, Amin, Najaf, Oostra, Ben A., Kraja, Aldi T., Province, Michael A., Cupples, L. Adrienne, Heard-Costa, Nancy L., Kaprio, Jaakko, Ripatti, Samuli, Surakka, Ida, Collins, Francis S., Saramies, Jouko, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Jula, Antti, Salomaa, Veikko, Erdmann, Jeanette, Hengstenberg, Christian, Loley, Christina, Schunkert, Heribert, Lamina, Claudia, Wichmann, Heinz Erich, Albrecht, Eva, Gieger, Christian, Hicks, Andrew A., Johansson, Åsa, Pramstaller, Peter P., Kathiresan, Sekar, Speliotes, Elizabeth K., Penninx, Brenda, Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Gyllensten, Ulf, Boomsma, Dorret I., Campbell, Harry, Wilson, James F., Chanock, Stephen J., Farrall, Martin, Goel, Anuj, Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Estrada, Karol, Uitterlinden, André G., Hofman, Albert, Zillikens, M. Carola, Heijer, Martin den, Kiemeney, Lambertus Adrianus, Maschio, Andrea, Hall, Per, Tyrer, Jonathan, Teumer, Alexander, Völzke, Henry, Kovacs, Peter, Tönjes, Anke, Mangino, Massimo, Spector, Tim D., Hayward, Caroline, Rudan, Igor, Hall, Alistair S., Samani, Nilesh J., Attwood, Antony Paul, Sambrook, Jennifer G., Hung, Joseph, Palmer, Lyle J., Lokki, Marja-Liisa, Sinisalo, Juha, Boucher, Gabrielle, Huikuri, Heikki, Lorentzon, Mattias, Ohlsson, Claes, Eklund, Niina, Eriksson, Johan G., Barlassina, Cristina, Rivolta, Carlo, Nolte, Ilja M., Snieder, Harold, Klauw, Melanie M. van der, Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V. van, Gejman, Pablo V., Shi, Jianxin, Jacobs, Kevin B., Wang, Zhaoming, Bakker, Stephan J. L., Mateo Leach, Irene, Navis, Gerjan, Harst, Pim van der, Martin, Nicholas Gordon, Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Yang, Jian, Chasman, Daniel I., Ridker, Paul M., Rose, Lynda M., Lehtimäki, Terho, Raitakari, Olli, Absher, Devin, Iribarren, Carlos, Basart, Hanneke, Hovingh, Kees G., Hyppönen, Elina, Power, Chris, Anderson, Denise, Beilby, John P., Hui, Jennie, Jolley, Jennifer, Sager, Hendrik, Bornstein, Stefan R., Schwarz, Peter E. H., Kristiansson, Kati, Perola, Markus, Lindström, Jaana, Swift, Amy J., Uusitupa, Matti, Atalay, Mustafa, Lakka, Timo A., Rauramaa, Rainer, Bolton, Jennifer L., Fowkes, Gerry, Fraser, Ross M., Price, Jackie F., Fischer, Krista, KrjutÅ¡kov, Kaarel, Metspalu, Andres, Mihailov, Evelin, Langenberg, Claudia, Luan, Jian'an, Ong, Ken K., Chines, Peter S., Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M., Saaristo, Timo E., Edkins, Sarah, Franks, Paul W., Hallmans, Göran, Shungin, Dmitry, Morris, Andrew David, Palmer, Colin N. A., Erbel, Raimund, Moebus, Susanne, Nöthen, Markus Maria, Pechlivanis, Sonali, Hveem, Kristian, Narisu, Narisu, Hamsten, Anders, Humphries, Steve E., Strawbridge, Rona J., Tremoli, Elena, Grallert, Harald, Thorand, Barbara, Illig, Thomas, Koenig, Wolfgang, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Peters, Annette, Böhm, Bernhard O., Kleber, Marcus E., März, Winfried, Winkelmann, Bernhard R., Kuusisto, Johanna, Laakso, Markku, Arveiler, Dominique, Cesana, Giancarlo, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Virtamo, Jarmo, Yarnell, John W. G., Kuh, Diana, Wong, Andrew, Lind, Lars, Faire, Ulf de, Gigante, Bruna, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dedoussis, George, Dimitriou, Maria, Kolovou, Genovefa, Kanoni, Stavroula, Stirrups, Kathleen, Bonnycastle, Lori L., Njølstad, Inger, Wilsgaard, Tom, Ganna, Andrea, Rehnberg, Emil, Hingorani, Aroon, Kivimaki, Mika, Kumari, Meena, Assimes, Themistocles L., Barroso, Inês, Boehnke, Michael, Borecki, Ingrid B., Deloukas, Panos, Fox, Caroline S., Frayling, Timothy, Groop, Leif C., Haritunians, Talin, Hunter, David, Ingelsson, Erik, Kaplan, Robert, Mohlke, Karen L., North, Kari E., Lindgren, Cecilia M., Qi, Lu, Loos, Ruth J. F., Heid, Iris M., Hirschhorn, Joel N., McCarthy, Mark I., Abecasis, Gonçalo R., Stefansson, Kari, Strachan, David P., Schlessinger, David, O'Connell, Jeffrey R., Duijn, Cornelia M. van, MAGIC Investigators, Randall, Joshua C., Winkler, Thomas W., Kutalik, Zoltán, I. Berndt, Sonja, Jackson, Anne U., Monda, Keri L., Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O., Esko, Tõnu, Mägi, Reedik, Li, Shengxu, Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie, Feitosa, Mary F., Croteau-Chonka, Damien C., Day, Felix R., Fall, Tove, Ferreira, Teresa, Gustafsson, Stefan, Locke, Adam E., Mathieson, Iain, Scherag, André, Vedantam, Sailaja, Wood, Andrew R., Liang, Liming, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T., Dimas, Antigone S., Karpe, Fredrik, Min, Josine L., Nicholson, George, Clegg, Deborah J., Person, Thomas, Krohn, Jon P., Bauer, Sabrina, Buechler, Christa, Eisinger, Kristina, Bonnefond, Amélie, Froguel, Philippe, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Prokopenko, Inga, Waite, Lindsay L., Harris, Tamara B., Smith, Albert Vernon, Shuldiner, Alan R., McArdle, Wendy L., Caulfield, Mark J., Munroe, Patricia B., Grönberg, Henrik, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Li, Guo, Beckmann, Jacques S., Johnson, Toby, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Teder-Laving, Maris, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Wareham, Nicholas J., Zhao, Jing Hua, Amin, Najaf, Oostra, Ben A., Kraja, Aldi T., Province, Michael A., Cupples, L. Adrienne, Heard-Costa, Nancy L., Kaprio, Jaakko, Ripatti, Samuli, Surakka, Ida, Collins, Francis S., Saramies, Jouko, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Jula, Antti, Salomaa, Veikko, Erdmann, Jeanette, Hengstenberg, Christian, Loley, Christina, Schunkert, Heribert, Lamina, Claudia, Wichmann, Heinz Erich, Albrecht, Eva, Gieger, Christian, Hicks, Andrew A., Johansson, Åsa, Pramstaller, Peter P., Kathiresan, Sekar, Speliotes, Elizabeth K., Penninx, Brenda, Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Gyllensten, Ulf, Boomsma, Dorret I., Campbell, Harry, Wilson, James F., Chanock, Stephen J., Farrall, Martin, Goel, Anuj, Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Estrada, Karol, Uitterlinden, André G., Hofman, Albert, Zillikens, M. Carola, Heijer, Martin den, Kiemeney, Lambertus Adrianus, Maschio, Andrea, Hall, Per, Tyrer, Jonathan, Teumer, Alexander, Völzke, Henry, Kovacs, Peter, Tönjes, Anke, Mangino, Massimo, Spector, Tim D., Hayward, Caroline, Rudan, Igor, Hall, Alistair S., Samani, Nilesh J., Attwood, Antony Paul, Sambrook, Jennifer G., Hung, Joseph, Palmer, Lyle J., Lokki, Marja-Liisa, Sinisalo, Juha, Boucher, Gabrielle, Huikuri, Heikki, Lorentzon, Mattias, Ohlsson, Claes, Eklund, Niina, Eriksson, Johan G., Barlassina, Cristina, Rivolta, Carlo, Nolte, Ilja M., Snieder, Harold, Klauw, Melanie M. van der, Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V. van, Gejman, Pablo V., Shi, Jianxin, Jacobs, Kevin B., Wang, Zhaoming, Bakker, Stephan J. L., Mateo Leach, Irene, Navis, Gerjan, Harst, Pim van der, Martin, Nicholas Gordon, Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Yang, Jian, Chasman, Daniel I., Ridker, Paul M., Rose, Lynda M., Lehtimäki, Terho, Raitakari, Olli, Absher, Devin, Iribarren, Carlos, Basart, Hanneke, Hovingh, Kees G., Hyppönen, Elina, Power, Chris, Anderson, Denise, Beilby, John P., Hui, Jennie, Jolley, Jennifer, Sager, Hendrik, Bornstein, Stefan R., Schwarz, Peter E. H., Kristiansson, Kati, Perola, Markus, Lindström, Jaana, Swift, Amy J., Uusitupa, Matti, Atalay, Mustafa, Lakka, Timo A., Rauramaa, Rainer, Bolton, Jennifer L., Fowkes, Gerry, Fraser, Ross M., Price, Jackie F., Fischer, Krista, KrjutÅ¡kov, Kaarel, Metspalu, Andres, Mihailov, Evelin, Langenberg, Claudia, Luan, Jian'an, Ong, Ken K., Chines, Peter S., Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M., Saaristo, Timo E., Edkins, Sarah, Franks, Paul W., Hallmans, Göran, Shungin, Dmitry, Morris, Andrew David, Palmer, Colin N. A., Erbel, Raimund, Moebus, Susanne, Nöthen, Markus Maria, Pechlivanis, Sonali, Hveem, Kristian, Narisu, Narisu, Hamsten, Anders, Humphries, Steve E., Strawbridge, Rona J., Tremoli, Elena, Grallert, Harald, Thorand, Barbara, Illig, Thomas, Koenig, Wolfgang, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Peters, Annette, Böhm, Bernhard O., Kleber, Marcus E., März, Winfried, Winkelmann, Bernhard R., Kuusisto, Johanna, Laakso, Markku, Arveiler, Dominique, Cesana, Giancarlo, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Virtamo, Jarmo, Yarnell, John W. G., Kuh, Diana, Wong, Andrew, Lind, Lars, Faire, Ulf de, Gigante, Bruna, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dedoussis, George, Dimitriou, Maria, Kolovou, Genovefa, Kanoni, Stavroula, Stirrups, Kathleen, Bonnycastle, Lori L., Njølstad, Inger, Wilsgaard, Tom, Ganna, Andrea, Rehnberg, Emil, Hingorani, Aroon, Kivimaki, Mika, Kumari, Meena, Assimes, Themistocles L., Barroso, Inês, Boehnke, Michael, Borecki, Ingrid B., Deloukas, Panos, Fox, Caroline S., Frayling, Timothy, Groop, Leif C., Haritunians, Talin, Hunter, David, Ingelsson, Erik, Kaplan, Robert, Mohlke, Karen L., North, Kari E., Lindgren, Cecilia M., Qi, Lu, Loos, Ruth J. F., Heid, Iris M., Hirschhorn, Joel N., McCarthy, Mark I., Abecasis, Gonçalo R., Stefansson, Kari, Strachan, David P., Schlessinger, David, O'Connell, Jeffrey R., and Duijn, Cornelia M. van

Abstract

Men and women differ substantially regarding height, weight, and body fat. Interestingly, previous work detecting genetic effects for waist-to-hip ratio, to assess body fat distribution, has found that many of these showed sex-differences. However, systematic searches for sex-differences in genetic effects have not yet been conducted. Therefore, we undertook a genome-wide search for sexually dimorphic genetic effects for anthropometric traits including 133,723 individuals in a large meta-analysis and followed promising variants in further 137,052 individuals, including a total of 94 studies. We identified seven loci with significant sex-difference including four previously established (near GRB14/COBLL1, LYPLAL1/SLC30A10, VEGFA, ADAMTS9) and three novel anthropometric trait loci (near MAP3K1, HSD17B4, PPARG), all of which were significant in women, but not in men. Of interest is that sex-difference was only observed for waist phenotypes, but not for height or body-mass-index. We found no evidence for sex-differences with opposite effect direction for men and women. The PPARG locus is of specific interest due to its link to diabetes genetics and therapy. Our findings demonstrate the importance of investigating sex differences, which may lead to a better understanding of disease mechanisms with a potential relevance to treatment options.

Published
2013

6. Sex-stratified genome-wide association studies including 270,000 individuals show sexual dimorphism in genetic loci for anthropometric traits

Author

Randall, Joshua C., Winkler, Thomas W., Kutalik, Zoltán, Berndt, Sonja I., Jackson, Anne U., Monda, Keri L., Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O., Esko, Tõnu, Mägi, Reedik, Li, Shengxu, Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie, Feitosa, Mary F., Croteau-Chonka, Damien C., Day, Felix R., Fall, Tove, Ferreira, Teresa, Gustafsson, Stefan, Locke, Adam E., Mathieson, Iain, Scherag, Andre, Vedantam, Sailaja, Wood, Andrew R., Liang, Liming, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T., Dimas, Antigone S., Karpe, Fredrik, Min, Josine L., Nicholson, George, Clegg, Deborah J., Person, Thomas, Krohn, Jon P., Bauer, Sabrina, Buechler, Christa, Eisinger, Kristina, Diagram Consortium, Bonnefond, Amélie, Froguel, Philippe, Magic Investigators, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Prokopenko, Inga, Waite, Lindsay L., Harris, Tamara B., Smith, Albert Vernon, Shuldiner, Alan R., McArdle, Wendy L., Caulfield, Mark J., Munroe, Patricia B., Grönberg, Henrik, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Li, Guo, Beckmann, Jacques S., Johnson, Toby, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Teder-Laving, Maris, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Wareham, Nicholas J., Zhao, Jing Hua, Amin, Najaf, Oostra, Ben A., Kraja, Aldi T., Province, Michael A., Cupples, L. Adrienne, Heard-Costa, Nancy L., Kaprio, Jaakko, Ripatti, Samuli, Surakka, Ida, Collins, Francis S., Saramies, Jouko, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Jula, Antti, Salomaa, Veikko, Erdmann, Jeanette, Hengstenberg, Christian, Loley, Christina, Schunkert, Heribert, Lamina, Claudia, Wichmann, H. Erich, Albrecht, Eva, Gieger, Christian, Hicks, Andrew A., Johansson, Asa, Pramstaller, Peter P., Kathiresan, Sekar, Speliotes, Elizabeth K., Penninx, Brenda, Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Gyllensten, Ulf, Boomsma, Dorret I., Campbell, Harry, Wilson, James F., Chanock, Stephen J., Farrall, Martin, Goel, Anuj, Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Estrada, Karol, Uitterlinden, André G., Hofman, Albert, Zillikens, M. Carola, den Heijer, Martin, Kiemeney, Lambertus A., Maschio, Andrea, Hall, Per, Tyrer, Jonathan, Teumer, Alexander, Völzke, Henry, Kovacs, Peter, Tönjes, Anke, Mangino, Massimo, Spector, Tim D., Hayward, Caroline, Rudan, Igor, Hall, Alistair S., Samani, Nilesh J., Attwood, Antony Paul, Sambrook, Jennifer G., Hung, Joseph, Palmer, Lyle J., Lokki, Marja-Liisa, Sinisalo, Juha, Boucher, Gabrielle, Huikuri, Heikki, Lorentzon, Mattias, Ohlsson, Claes, Eklund, Niina, Eriksson, Johan G., Barlassina, Cristina, Rivolta, Carlo, Nolte, Ilja M., Snieder, Harold, Van der Klauw, Melanie M., Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V., Gejman, Pablo V., Shi, Jianxin, Jacobs, Kevin B., Wang, Zhaoming, Bakker, Stephan J. L., Mateo Leach, Irene, Navis, Gerjan, van der Harst, Pim, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Yang, Jian, Chasman, Daniel I., Ridker, Paul M., Rose, Lynda M., Lehtimäki, Terho, Raitakari, Olli, Absher, Devin, Iribarren, Carlos, Basart, Hanneke, Hovingh, Kees G., Hyppönen, Elina, Power, Chris, Anderson, Denise, Beilby, John P., Hui, Jennie, Jolley, Jennifer, Sager, Hendrik, Bornstein, Stefan R., Schwarz, Peter E. H., Kristiansson, Kati, Perola, Markus, Lindström, Jaana, Swift, Amy J., Uusitupa, Matti, Atalay, Mustafa, Lakka, Timo A., Rauramaa, Rainer, Bolton, Jennifer L., Fowkes, Gerry, Fraser, Ross M., Price, Jackie F., Fischer, Krista, Krjutå Kov, Kaarel, Metspalu, Andres, Mihailov, Evelin, Langenberg, Claudia, Luan, Jian'an, Ong, Ken K., Chines, Peter S., Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M., Saaristo, Timo E., Edkins, Sarah, Franks, Paul W., Hallmans, Göran, Shungin, Dmitry, Morris, Andrew David, Palmer, Colin N. A., Erbel, Raimund, Moebus, Susanne, Nöthen, Markus M., Pechlivanis, Sonali, Hveem, Kristian, Narisu, Narisu, Hamsten, Anders, Humphries, Steve E., Strawbridge, Rona J., Tremoli, Elena, Grallert, Harald, Thorand, Barbara, Illig, Thomas, Koenig, Wolfgang, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Peters, Annette, Boehm, Bernhard O., Kleber, Marcus E., März, Winfried, Winkelmann, Bernhard R., Kuusisto, Johanna, Laakso, Markku, Arveiler, Dominique, Cesana, Giancarlo, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Virtamo, Jarmo, Yarnell, John W. G., Kuh, Diana, Wong, Andrew, Lind, Lars, de Faire, Ulf, Gigante, Bruna, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dedoussis, George, Dimitriou, Maria, Kolovou, Genovefa, Kanoni, Stavroula, Stirrups, Kathleen, Bonnycastle, Lori L., Njølstad, Inger, Wilsgaard, Tom, Ganna, Andrea, Rehnberg, Emil, Hingorani, Aroon, Kivimaki, Mika, Kumari, Meena, Assimes, Themistocles L., Barroso, Inês, Boehnke, Michael, Borecki, Ingrid B., Deloukas, Panos, Fox, Caroline S., Frayling, Timothy, Groop, Leif C., Haritunians, Talin, Hunter, David, Ingelsson, Erik, Kaplan, Robert, Mohlke, Karen L., O'Connell, Jeffrey R., Schlessinger, David, Strachan, David P., Stefansson, Kari, van Duijn, Cornelia M., Abecasis, Gonçalo R., McCarthy, Mark I., Hirschhorn, Joel N., Qi, Lu, Loos, Ruth J. F., Lindgren, Cecilia M., North, Kari E., and Heid, Iris M.

Subjects
2. Zero hunger

7. Studies of Insulin Sensitivity Using the Euglycaemic Hyperinsulinaemic Clamp

Author

Morris, Andrew David and Morris, Andrew David

Abstract

A series of studies which have utilised the euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity is described. The methods for measuring insulin sensitivity have been evaluated and conclusions drawn about reproducibility and inherent limitations of the technique. The euglycaemic clamp has been used to examine the effects of angiotensin II and antihypertensive drugs on insulin sensitivity in normal subjects, patients with essential hypertension and patients with impaired glucose tolerance or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Each individual study was approved by the local Research and Ethical Committee and informed consent was obtained from each subject before participation in a study. (i) Evaluation of the euglvcaemic hvperinsulinaemic clamp technique. It was recognised that despite widespread use of the euglycaemic clamp in clinical research, key aspects of the technique remained to be validated. (a) The intra- and inter-subject variability in insulin sensitivity and the time for insulin mediated glucose disposal to reach steady state were evaluated in 18 healthy male subjects and 6 patients with essential hypertension who attended two study days when a euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp was performed. Measurements of insulin sensitivity derived from the euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp were expressed as whole body glucose uptake (M), and the insulin sensitivity index (SIP). M values at 120 mins were significantly less than at 180 mins in both the healthy subjects and in the hypertensive patients indicating a progressive increase in glucose utilisation over the 180 minutes. The intra subject coefficient of variation (c.v.) of M at 120 mins and 180 mins was 8% and 6% for healthy subjects and 14% and 5% for patients with essential hypertension respectively. The inter subject c.v. of M at 120 mins and 180 mins was 22% and 21% for healthy subjects and 43% and 38% for patients with essential hypertension. The intra subject c.v. of the in

8. Sex-stratified genome-wide association studies including 270,000 individuals show sexual dimorphism in genetic loci for anthropometric traits.

Author

Randall JC, Winkler TW, Kutalik Z, Berndt SI, Jackson AU, Monda KL, Kilpeläinen TO, Esko T, Mägi R, Li S, Workalemahu T, Feitosa MF, Croteau-Chonka DC, Day FR, Fall T, Ferreira T, Gustafsson S, Locke AE, Mathieson I, Scherag A, Vedantam S, Wood AR, Liang L, Steinthorsdottir V, Thorleifsson G, Dermitzakis ET, Dimas AS, Karpe F, Min JL, Nicholson G, Clegg DJ, Person T, Krohn JP, Bauer S, Buechler C, Eisinger K, Bonnefond A, Froguel P, Hottenga JJ, Prokopenko I, Waite LL, Harris TB, Smith AV, Shuldiner AR, McArdle WL, Caulfield MJ, Munroe PB, Grönberg H, Chen YD, Li G, Beckmann JS, Johnson T, Thorsteinsdottir U, Teder-Laving M, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Zhao JH, Amin N, Oostra BA, Kraja AT, Province MA, Cupples LA, Heard-Costa NL, Kaprio J, Ripatti S, Surakka I, Collins FS, Saramies J, Tuomilehto J, Jula A, Salomaa V, Erdmann J, Hengstenberg C, Loley C, Schunkert H, Lamina C, Wichmann HE, Albrecht E, Gieger C, Hicks AA, Johansson A, Pramstaller PP, Kathiresan S, Speliotes EK, Penninx B, Hartikainen AL, Jarvelin MR, Gyllensten U, Boomsma DI, Campbell H, Wilson JF, Chanock SJ, Farrall M, Goel A, Medina-Gomez C, Rivadeneira F, Estrada K, Uitterlinden AG, Hofman A, Zillikens MC, den Heijer M, Kiemeney LA, Maschio A, Hall P, Tyrer J, Teumer A, Völzke H, Kovacs P, Tönjes A, Mangino M, Spector TD, Hayward C, Rudan I, Hall AS, Samani NJ, Attwood AP, Sambrook JG, Hung J, Palmer LJ, Lokki ML, Sinisalo J, Boucher G, Huikuri H, Lorentzon M, Ohlsson C, Eklund N, Eriksson JG, Barlassina C, Rivolta C, Nolte IM, Snieder H, Van der Klauw MM, Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Gejman PV, Shi J, Jacobs KB, Wang Z, Bakker SJ, Mateo Leach I, Navis G, van der Harst P, Martin NG, Medland SE, Montgomery GW, Yang J, Chasman DI, Ridker PM, Rose LM, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari O, Absher D, Iribarren C, Basart H, Hovingh KG, Hyppönen E, Power C, Anderson D, Beilby JP, Hui J, Jolley J, Sager H, Bornstein SR, Schwarz PE, Kristiansson K, Perola M, Lindström J, Swift AJ, Uusitupa M, Atalay M, Lakka TA, Rauramaa R, Bolton JL, Fowkes G, Fraser RM, Price JF, Fischer K, Krjutå Kov K, Metspalu A, Mihailov E, Langenberg C, Luan J, Ong KK, Chines PS, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi SM, Saaristo TE, Edkins S, Franks PW, Hallmans G, Shungin D, Morris AD, Palmer CN, Erbel R, Moebus S, Nöthen MM, Pechlivanis S, Hveem K, Narisu N, Hamsten A, Humphries SE, Strawbridge RJ, Tremoli E, Grallert H, Thorand B, Illig T, Koenig W, Müller-Nurasyid M, Peters A, Boehm BO, Kleber ME, März W, Winkelmann BR, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Arveiler D, Cesana G, Kuulasmaa K, Virtamo J, Yarnell JW, Kuh D, Wong A, Lind L, de Faire U, Gigante B, Magnusson PK, Pedersen NL, Dedoussis G, Dimitriou M, Kolovou G, Kanoni S, Stirrups K, Bonnycastle LL, Njølstad I, Wilsgaard T, Ganna A, Rehnberg E, Hingorani A, Kivimaki M, Kumari M, Assimes TL, Barroso I, Boehnke M, Borecki IB, Deloukas P, Fox CS, Frayling T, Groop LC, Haritunians T, Hunter D, Ingelsson E, Kaplan R, Mohlke KL, O'Connell JR, Schlessinger D, Strachan DP, Stefansson K, van Duijn CM, Abecasis GR, McCarthy MI, Hirschhorn JN, Qi L, Loos RJ, Lindgren CM, North KE, and Heid IM

Subjects
Body Height genetics, Body Mass Index, Body Weight genetics, Female, Genetic Loci, Genome, Human, Humans, Male, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Waist Circumference genetics, Waist-Hip Ratio, Anthropometry methods, Body Weights and Measures, Genome-Wide Association Study, Sex Characteristics
Abstract

Given the anthropometric differences between men and women and previous evidence of sex-difference in genetic effects, we conducted a genome-wide search for sexually dimorphic associations with height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-to-hip-ratio (133,723 individuals) and took forward 348 SNPs into follow-up (additional 137,052 individuals) in a total of 94 studies. Seven loci displayed significant sex-difference (FDR<5%), including four previously established (near GRB14/COBLL1, LYPLAL1/SLC30A10, VEGFA, ADAMTS9) and three novel anthropometric trait loci (near MAP3K1, HSD17B4, PPARG), all of which were genome-wide significant in women (P<5×10(-8)), but not in men. Sex-differences were apparent only for waist phenotypes, not for height, weight, BMI, or hip circumference. Moreover, we found no evidence for genetic effects with opposite directions in men versus women. The PPARG locus is of specific interest due to its role in diabetes genetics and therapy. Our results demonstrate the value of sex-specific GWAS to unravel the sexually dimorphic genetic underpinning of complex traits., Competing Interests: I have read the journal's policy and we have the following conflicts: Kari Stefansson, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir, and Gudmar Thorleifsson are employed by deCODE Genetics with stock/stock options in the company. Inês Barroso and spouse own stock in Incyte Ltd and GlaxoSmithKline. Nilesh J Samani holds a Chair supported by the British Heart Foundation and is an NIHR Senior Investigator.

Published
2013
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