26 results on '"Morriën, E."'
Search Results
2. Successional trajectory in soil bacterial communities are shaped by plant-driven changes in soil during secondary succession
- Author
-
Krishna, M., Gupta, S., Delgado–Baquerizo, M., Morriën, E., Garkoti, S.C., Chaturvedi, R., Ahmad, S., and Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics (IBED, FNWI)
- Abstract
This study investigated the potential role of a nitrogen-fixing early-coloniser Alnus Nepalensis D. Don (alder) in driving the changes in soil bacterial communities during secondary succession. We found that bacterial diversity was positively associated with alder growth during course of ecosystem development. Alder development elicited multiple changes in bacterial community composition and ecological networks. For example, the initial dominance of actinobacteria within bacterial community transitioned to the dominance of proteobacteria with stand development. Ecological networks approximating species associations tend to stabilize with alder growth. Janthinobacterium lividum, Candidatus Xiphinematobacter and Rhodoplanes were indicator species of different growth stages of alder. While the growth stages of alder has a major independent contribution to the bacterial diversity, its influence on the community composition was explained conjointly by the changes in soil properties with alder. Alder growth increased trace mineral element concentrations in the soil and explained 63% of variance in the Shannon-diversity. We also found positive association of alder with late-successional Quercus leucotrichophora (Oak). Together, the changes in soil bacterial community shaped by early-coloniser alder and its positive association with late-successional oak suggests a crucial role played by alder in ecosystem recovery of degraded habitats.
- Published
- 2020
3. The long-term restoration of ecosystem complexity
- Author
-
Moreno-Mateos, D., Alberdi, A., Morriën, E., van der Putten, W. H., Rodríguez-Uña, A., Montoya, D., Moreno-Mateos, D., Alberdi, A., Morriën, E., van der Putten, W. H., Rodríguez-Uña, A., and Montoya, D.
- Abstract
Multiple large-scale restoration strategies are emerging globally to counteract ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss. However, restoration often remains insufficient to offset that loss. To address this challenge, we propose to focus restoration science on the long-term (centuries to millennia) re-assembly of degraded ecosystem complexity integrating interaction network and evolutionary potential approaches. This approach provides insights into eco-evolutionary feedbacks determining the structure, functioning and stability of recovering ecosystems. Eco-evolutionary feedbacks may help to understand changes in the adaptive potential after disturbance of metacommunity hub species with core structural and functional roles for their use in restoration. Those changes can be studied combining a restoration genomics approach based on whole-genome sequencing with replicated space-for-time substitutions linking changes in genetic variation to functions or traits relevant to the establishment of evolutionarily resilient communities. This approach may set the knowledge basis for future tools to accelerate the restoration of ecosystems able to adapt to ongoing global changes. © 2020, Springer Nature Limited.
- Published
- 2020
4. Rhizosphere fungi actively assimilating plant-derived carbon in a grassland soil
- Author
-
Hannula, S.E., primary, Morriën, E., additional, van der Putten, W.H., additional, and de Boer, W., additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Shifts in rhizosphere fungal community during secondary succession following abandonment from agriculture
- Author
-
Hannula, S.E., Morriën, E., De Hollander, M., van der Putten, W.H., van Veen, J.A., De Boer, W., Hannula, S.E., Morriën, E., De Hollander, M., van der Putten, W.H., van Veen, J.A., and De Boer, W.
- Abstract
Activities of rhizosphere microbes are key to the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. It is commonly believed that bacteria are the major consumers of root exudates and that the role of fungi in the rhizosphere is mostly limited to plant-associated taxa, such as mycorrhizal fungi, pathogens and endophytes, whereas less is known about the role of saprotrophs. In order to test the hypothesis that the role of saprotrophic fungi in rhizosphere processes increases with increased time after abandonment from agriculture, we determined the composition of fungi that are active in the rhizosphere along a chronosequence of ex-arable fields in the Netherlands. Intact soil cores were collected from nine fields that represent three stages of land abandonment and pulse labeled with 13CO2. The fungal contribution to metabolization of plant-derived carbon was evaluated using phospholipid analysis combined with stable isotope probing (SIP), whereas fungal diversity was analyzed using DNA-SIP combined with 454-sequencing. We show that in recently abandoned fields most of the root-derived 13C was taken up by bacteria but that in long-term abandoned fields most of the root-derived 13C was found in fungal biomass. Furthermore, the composition of the active functional fungal community changed from one composed of fast-growing and pathogenic fungal species to one consisting of beneficial and slower-growing fungal species, which may have essential consequences for the carbon flow through the soil food web and consequently nutrient cycling and plant succession.
- Published
- 2017
6. Why nature restoration takes time
- Author
-
Morriën, E., EcoFinders team, Morriën, E., and EcoFinders team
- Published
- 2017
7. Soil networks become more connected and take up more carbon as nature restoration progresses
- Author
-
Morriën, E., Hannula, S.E., Snoek, Basten, Helmsing, N.R., Zweers, H., De Hollander, M., Lujan Soto, Raquel, Bouffaud, M.L., Buée, M., Dimmers, Wim, Duyts, H., Geisen, S., Girlanda, M., Griffiths, R.I., Jørgensen, H-B., Jensen, J., Plassart, Pierre, Redecker, Dirk, Schmelz, R.M., Schmidt, O., Thomson, B.C., Tisserant, Emilie, Uroz, S., Winding, A., Bailey, M.J., Bonkowski, M., Faber, Jack H., Martin, F., Lemanceau, P., De Boer, W., van Veen, Hans, van der Putten, W.H., Morriën, E., Hannula, S.E., Snoek, Basten, Helmsing, N.R., Zweers, H., De Hollander, M., Lujan Soto, Raquel, Bouffaud, M.L., Buée, M., Dimmers, Wim, Duyts, H., Geisen, S., Girlanda, M., Griffiths, R.I., Jørgensen, H-B., Jensen, J., Plassart, Pierre, Redecker, Dirk, Schmelz, R.M., Schmidt, O., Thomson, B.C., Tisserant, Emilie, Uroz, S., Winding, A., Bailey, M.J., Bonkowski, M., Faber, Jack H., Martin, F., Lemanceau, P., De Boer, W., van Veen, Hans, and van der Putten, W.H.
- Abstract
Soil organisms have an important role in aboveground community dynamics and ecosystem functioning in terrestrial ecosystems. However, most studies have considered soil biota as a black box or focussed on specific groups, whereas little is known about entire soil networks. Here we show that during the course of nature restoration on abandoned arable land a compositional shift in soil biota, preceded by tightening of the belowground networks, corresponds with enhanced efficiency of carbon uptake. In mid- and long-term abandoned field soil, carbon uptake by fungi increases without an increase in fungal biomass or shift in bacterial-to-fungal ratio. The implication of our findings is that during nature restoration the efficiency of nutrient cycling and carbon uptake can increase by a shift in fungal composition and/or fungal activity. Therefore, we propose that relationships between soil food web structure and carbon cycling in soils need to be reconsidered
- Published
- 2017
8. Understanding soil food web dynamics, how close do we get?
- Author
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Morriën, E., primary
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Understanding soil food web dynamics, how close do we get?
- Author
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Morriën, E. and Morriën, E.
- Abstract
Soil food webs are traditionally considered to have distinct energy channels through which resources flow belowground. Resources enter the soil food web either from roots or from detrital inputs. Compared to this traditional view we are now much more aware of the flow of carbon, nitrogen and other resources through the microbes in the soil food web. Currently, the function of some groups of bacteria and fungi is known. The lowering of the costs of high throughput sequencing methods enables us to acquire more data on who is around, when and where in the soil food web. For soil fauna, gut content analyses in combination with sequencing can reveal feeding preferences, which enables establishing real trophic links based on observations, which can then be visualised as networks of feeding interactions. The fate of carbon flow through the soil food web can be traced by using stable isotopes combined with sequence based techniques. This provides insight into trophic connections and interaction strength. As the sequencing costs decrease rapidly, the level of detail in soil food web knowledge will similarly increase rapidly and enhance the feasibility of combined techniques. Using these techniques to broaden our insight into soil subsystems and their soil food webs will lead to more targeted decisions on management practices.
- Published
- 2016
10. Herbivory and dominance shifts among exotic and congeneric native plant species during plant community establishment
- Author
-
Engelkes, T., Meisner, A., Morriën, E., Kostenko, O., van der Putten, W.H., Macel, M., Engelkes, T., Meisner, A., Morriën, E., Kostenko, O., van der Putten, W.H., and Macel, M.
- Abstract
Invasive exotic plant species often have fewer natural enemies and suffer less damage from herbivores in their new range than genetically or functionally related species that are native to that area. Although we might expect that having fewer enemies would promote the invasiveness of the introduced exotic plant species due to reduced enemy exposure, few studies have actually analyzed the ecological consequences of this situation in the field. Here, we examined how exposure to aboveground herbivores influences shifts in dominance among exotic and phylogenetically related native plant species in a riparian ecosystem during early establishment of invaded communities. We planted ten plant communities each consisting of three individuals of each of six exotic plant species as well as six phylogenetically related natives. Exotic plant species were selected based on a rapid recent increase in regional abundance, the presence of a congeneric native species, and their co-occurrence in the riparian ecosystem. All plant communities were covered by tents with insect mesh. Five tents were open on the leeward side to allow herbivory. The other five tents were completely closed in order to exclude insects and vertebrates. Herbivory reduced aboveground biomass by half and influenced which of the plant species dominated the establishing communities. Exposure to herbivory did not reduce the total biomass of natives more than that of exotics, so aboveground herbivory did not selectively enhance exotics during this early stage of plant community development. Effects of herbivores on plant biomass depended on plant species or genus but not on plant status (i.e., exotic vs native). Thus, aboveground herbivory did not promote the dominance of exotic plant species during early establishment of the phylogenetically balanced plant communities.
- Published
- 2016
11. Werkgroep Bodempathogenen en bodemmicrobiologie
- Author
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Doornbos, R., Loon, C. van, Bakker, P., Kabouw, P., Putten, W. van der, Biere, A., Morriën, E., Engelkes, T., Runia, W., Molendijk, L., Schomaker, C., Paternotte, P., Ludeking, D., Doornbos, R., Loon, C. van, Bakker, P., Kabouw, P., Putten, W. van der, Biere, A., Morriën, E., Engelkes, T., Runia, W., Molendijk, L., Schomaker, C., Paternotte, P., and Ludeking, D.
- Abstract
Samenvattingen behorende bij de 82e bijeenkomst gehouden op 8 april 2010 bij het NIOO in Heteren: invloed van aan afweergerelateerde signaaltransductie op de bacteriële rhizosfeermicroflora van Arabidopsis thaliana, de bodem onder biologische grondontsmetting, effecten van koolvariëteiten met verschillende glucosinolatengehaltes op planten-parasitaire nematoden en ondergrondse niet-doelorganismen. Klimaat geïnduceerde areaaluitbreidende planten ondervinden minder ondergrondse en bovengrondse effecten van natuurlijke vijanden.
- Published
- 2010
12. Bacterial and fungal keystone taxa play different roles in maintaining community resistance and driving soil organic carbon dynamics in response to Solidago Canadensis invasion.
- Author
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Zhang J, Lin X, Zhang X, Huang H, Qi Y, Zhang Z, Chen B, Morriën E, and Zhu Y
- Abstract
The invasion of alien plants has significant implications for vegetation structure and diversity, which could lead to changes in the carbon (C) input from vegetation and change the transformation and decomposition processes of C, thereby altering the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) within ecosystems. Whether alien plant invasion increases the SOC stock and changes SOC fractions consistently within regional scales, and the underlying mechanisms driving these SOC dynamics remain poorly understood. This study investigated SOC dynamics by comparing the plots that suffered invasion and non-invasion of Solidago Canadensis across five ecological function areas in Anhui Province, China, considering climate, edaphic factors, vegetation, and soil microbes. The results demonstrated that the impact of S. Canadensis invasion on SOC storage was not consistent at each site in the 0-20 cm soil layer, as indicated by the range of SOC content (5.94-12.45 g kg
-1 ) observed at non-invaded plots. Stable SOC exhibited similar response patterns with SOC to plant invasion, whereas labile SOC did not. In addition, bacterial and fungal communities were shifted in structure at each site by plant invasion. Bacterial communities exhibited greater resistance to S. Canadensis invasion than did fungal communities, as evidenced by three aspects of the resistance indices-community resistance, phylogenetic conservation, and network complexity. The mechanisms driving SOC dynamics under S. Canadensis invasion were explored using structural equation models. This revealed that fungal keystone taxa responsible for community resistance controlled stable SOC fractions. In contrast, bacterial keystone taxa had the opposite effect on labile and stable SOC. Climatic and edaphic factors were also involved in the labile and stable SOC dynamics. Overall, this study provides novel insights into the dynamics of SOC under S. Canadensis invasion on a regional scale., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Exogenous carbon turnover within the soil food web strengthens soil carbon sequestration through microbial necromass accumulation.
- Author
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Kou X, Morriën E, Tian Y, Zhang X, Lu C, Xie H, Liang W, Li Q, and Liang C
- Subjects
- Carbon Sequestration, Food Chain, Soil Microbiology, Minerals, Soil, Carbon
- Abstract
Exogenous carbon turnover within soil food web is important in determining the trade-offs between soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and carbon emission. However, it remains largely unknown how soil food web influences carbon sequestration through mediating the dual roles of microbes as decomposers and contributors, hindering our ability to develop policies for soil carbon management. Here, we conducted a
13 C-labeled straw experiment to demonstrate how soil food web regulated the residing microbes to influence the soil carbon transformation and stabilization process after 11 years of no-tillage. Our work demonstrated that soil fauna, as a "temporary storage container," indirectly influenced the SOC transformation processes and mediated the SOC sequestration through feeding on soil microbes. Soil biota communities acted as both drivers of and contributors to SOC cycling, with 32.0% of exogenous carbon being stabilizing in the form of microbial necromass as "new" carbon. Additionally, the proportion of mineral-associated organic carbon and particulate organic carbon showed that the "renewal effect" driven by the soil food web promoted the SOC to be more stable. Our study clearly illustrated that soil food web regulated the turnover of exogenous carbon inputs by and mediated soil carbon sequestration through microbial necromass accumulation., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Global soil map pinpoints key sites for conservation.
- Author
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de Ruiter PC and Morriën E
- Subjects
- Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecosystem, Soil, Ecology
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Publisher Correction: Successional trajectory of bacterial communities in soil are shaped by plant-driven changes during secondary succession.
- Author
-
Krishna M, Gupta S, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Morriën E, Garkoti SC, Chaturvedi R, and Ahmad S
- Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Successional trajectory of bacterial communities in soil are shaped by plant-driven changes during secondary succession.
- Author
-
Krishna M, Gupta S, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Morriën E, Garkoti SC, Chaturvedi R, and Ahmad S
- Subjects
- Biodiversity, Chemical Phenomena, Nitrogen Fixation, Soil chemistry, Alnus growth & development, Alnus microbiology, Bacteria metabolism, Ecosystem, Soil Microbiology
- Abstract
This study investigated the potential role of a nitrogen-fixing early-coloniser Alnus Nepalensis D. Don (alder) in driving the changes in soil bacterial communities during secondary succession. We found that bacterial diversity was positively associated with alder growth during course of ecosystem development. Alder development elicited multiple changes in bacterial community composition and ecological networks. For example, the initial dominance of actinobacteria within bacterial community transitioned to the dominance of proteobacteria with stand development. Ecological networks approximating species associations tend to stabilize with alder growth. Janthinobacterium lividum, Candidatus Xiphinematobacter and Rhodoplanes were indicator species of different growth stages of alder. While the growth stages of alder has a major independent contribution to the bacterial diversity, its influence on the community composition was explained conjointly by the changes in soil properties with alder. Alder growth increased trace mineral element concentrations in the soil and explained 63% of variance in the Shannon-diversity. We also found positive association of alder with late-successional Quercus leucotrichophora (Oak). Together, the changes in soil bacterial community shaped by early-coloniser alder and its positive association with late-successional oak suggests a crucial role played by alder in ecosystem recovery of degraded habitats.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. The long-term restoration of ecosystem complexity.
- Author
-
Moreno-Mateos D, Alberdi A, Morriën E, van der Putten WH, Rodríguez-Uña A, and Montoya D
- Subjects
- Biological Evolution, Biodiversity, Ecosystem
- Abstract
Multiple large-scale restoration strategies are emerging globally to counteract ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss. However, restoration often remains insufficient to offset that loss. To address this challenge, we propose to focus restoration science on the long-term (centuries to millennia) re-assembly of degraded ecosystem complexity integrating interaction network and evolutionary potential approaches. This approach provides insights into eco-evolutionary feedbacks determining the structure, functioning and stability of recovering ecosystems. Eco-evolutionary feedbacks may help to understand changes in the adaptive potential after disturbance of metacommunity hub species with core structural and functional roles for their use in restoration. Those changes can be studied combining a restoration genomics approach based on whole-genome sequencing with replicated space-for-time substitutions linking changes in genetic variation to functions or traits relevant to the establishment of evolutionarily resilient communities. This approach may set the knowledge basis for future tools to accelerate the restoration of ecosystems able to adapt to ongoing global changes.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Network Analyses Can Advance Above-Belowground Ecology.
- Author
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Ramirez KS, Geisen S, Morriën E, Snoek BL, and van der Putten WH
- Subjects
- Big Data, Biodiversity, Correlation of Data, Plant Roots physiology, Ecology, Ecosystem, Plant Components, Aerial physiology, Plant Physiological Phenomena, Plants
- Abstract
An understanding of above-belowground (AG-BG) ecology is important for evaluating how plant interactions with enemies, symbionts, and decomposers affect species diversity and will respond to global changes. However, research questions and experiments often focus on only a limited number of interactions, creating an incomplete picture of how entire communities may be involved in AG-BG community ecology. Therefore, a pressing challenge is to formulate hypotheses of AG-BG interactions when considering communities in their full complexity. Here we discuss how network analyses can be a powerful tool to progress AG-BG research, link across scales from individual to community and ecosystem, visualize community interactions between the two (AG and BG) subsystems, and develop testable hypotheses., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Shifts in rhizosphere fungal community during secondary succession following abandonment from agriculture.
- Author
-
Hannula SE, Morriën E, de Hollander M, van der Putten WH, van Veen JA, and de Boer W
- Subjects
- Agriculture, Bacteria classification, Bacteria genetics, Bacteria isolation & purification, Biomass, Carbon metabolism, Ecosystem, Fungi classification, Fungi genetics, Mycorrhizae classification, Mycorrhizae genetics, Mycorrhizae isolation & purification, Netherlands, Plant Roots microbiology, Plants microbiology, Rhizosphere, Soil chemistry, Fungi isolation & purification, Soil Microbiology
- Abstract
Activities of rhizosphere microbes are key to the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. It is commonly believed that bacteria are the major consumers of root exudates and that the role of fungi in the rhizosphere is mostly limited to plant-associated taxa, such as mycorrhizal fungi, pathogens and endophytes, whereas less is known about the role of saprotrophs. In order to test the hypothesis that the role of saprotrophic fungi in rhizosphere processes increases with increased time after abandonment from agriculture, we determined the composition of fungi that are active in the rhizosphere along a chronosequence of ex-arable fields in the Netherlands. Intact soil cores were collected from nine fields that represent three stages of land abandonment and pulse labeled with
13 CO2 . The fungal contribution to metabolization of plant-derived carbon was evaluated using phospholipid analysis combined with stable isotope probing (SIP), whereas fungal diversity was analyzed using DNA-SIP combined with 454-sequencing. We show that in recently abandoned fields most of the root-derived13 C was taken up by bacteria but that in long-term abandoned fields most of the root-derived13 C was found in fungal biomass. Furthermore, the composition of the active functional fungal community changed from one composed of fast-growing and pathogenic fungal species to one consisting of beneficial and slower-growing fungal species, which may have essential consequences for the carbon flow through the soil food web and consequently nutrient cycling and plant succession.- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Soil networks become more connected and take up more carbon as nature restoration progresses.
- Author
-
Morriën E, Hannula SE, Snoek LB, Helmsing NR, Zweers H, de Hollander M, Soto RL, Bouffaud ML, Buée M, Dimmers W, Duyts H, Geisen S, Girlanda M, Griffiths RI, Jørgensen HB, Jensen J, Plassart P, Redecker D, Schmelz RM, Schmidt O, Thomson BC, Tisserant E, Uroz S, Winding A, Bailey MJ, Bonkowski M, Faber JH, Martin F, Lemanceau P, de Boer W, van Veen JA, and van der Putten WH
- Subjects
- Bacteria metabolism, Carbon chemistry, Environmental Restoration and Remediation, Fungi metabolism, Biomass, Biota physiology, Food Chain, Soil chemistry, Soil Microbiology
- Abstract
Soil organisms have an important role in aboveground community dynamics and ecosystem functioning in terrestrial ecosystems. However, most studies have considered soil biota as a black box or focussed on specific groups, whereas little is known about entire soil networks. Here we show that during the course of nature restoration on abandoned arable land a compositional shift in soil biota, preceded by tightening of the belowground networks, corresponds with enhanced efficiency of carbon uptake. In mid- and long-term abandoned field soil, carbon uptake by fungi increases without an increase in fungal biomass or shift in bacterial-to-fungal ratio. The implication of our findings is that during nature restoration the efficiency of nutrient cycling and carbon uptake can increase by a shift in fungal composition and/or fungal activity. Therefore, we propose that relationships between soil food web structure and carbon cycling in soils need to be reconsidered.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Herbivory and dominance shifts among exotic and congeneric native plant species during plant community establishment.
- Author
-
Engelkes T, Meisner A, Morriën E, Kostenko O, Van der Putten WH, and Macel M
- Subjects
- Animals, Phylogeny, Plant Diseases, Rivers, Biomass, Ecosystem, Herbivory, Insecta, Introduced Species, Plants, Vertebrates
- Abstract
Invasive exotic plant species often have fewer natural enemies and suffer less damage from herbivores in their new range than genetically or functionally related species that are native to that area. Although we might expect that having fewer enemies would promote the invasiveness of the introduced exotic plant species due to reduced enemy exposure, few studies have actually analyzed the ecological consequences of this situation in the field. Here, we examined how exposure to aboveground herbivores influences shifts in dominance among exotic and phylogenetically related native plant species in a riparian ecosystem during early establishment of invaded communities. We planted ten plant communities each consisting of three individuals of each of six exotic plant species as well as six phylogenetically related natives. Exotic plant species were selected based on a rapid recent increase in regional abundance, the presence of a congeneric native species, and their co-occurrence in the riparian ecosystem. All plant communities were covered by tents with insect mesh. Five tents were open on the leeward side to allow herbivory. The other five tents were completely closed in order to exclude insects and vertebrates. Herbivory reduced aboveground biomass by half and influenced which of the plant species dominated the establishing communities. Exposure to herbivory did not reduce the total biomass of natives more than that of exotics, so aboveground herbivory did not selectively enhance exotics during this early stage of plant community development. Effects of herbivores on plant biomass depended on plant species or genus but not on plant status (i.e., exotic vs native). Thus, aboveground herbivory did not promote the dominance of exotic plant species during early establishment of the phylogenetically balanced plant communities.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Additive effects of aboveground polyphagous herbivores and soil feedback in native and range-expanding exotic plants.
- Author
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Morriën E, Engelkes T, and van der Putten WH
- Subjects
- Animals, Ecosystem, Soil, Aphids physiology, Grasshoppers physiology, Host-Parasite Interactions, Introduced Species, Magnoliopsida parasitology, Plant Roots parasitology
- Abstract
Plant biomass and plant abundance can be controlled by aboveground and belowground natural enemies. However, little is known about how the aboveground and belowground enemy effects may add up. We exposed 15 plant species to aboveground polyphagous insect herbivores and feedback effects from the soil community alone, as well as in combination. We envisaged three possibilities: additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects of the aboveground and belowground enemies on plant biomass. In our analysis, we included native and phylogenetically related range-expanding exotic plant species, because exotic plants on average are less sensitive to aboveground herbivores and soil feedback than related natives. Thus, we examined if lower sensitivity of exotic plant species to enemies also alters aboveground-belowground interactions. In a greenhouse experiment, we exposed six exotic and nine native plant species to feedback from their own soil communities, aboveground herbivory by polyphagous insects, or a combination of soil feedback and aboveground insects and compared shoot and root biomass to control plants without aboveground and belowground enemies. We observed that for both native and range-expanding exotic plant species effects of insect herbivory aboveground and soil feedback added up linearly, instead of enforcing or counteracting each other. However, there was no correlation between the strength of aboveground herbivory and soil feedback. We conclude that effects of polyphagous aboveground herbivorous insects and soil feedback add up both in the case of native and related range-expanding exotic plant species, but that aboveground herbivory effects may not necessarily predict the strengths of soil feedback effects.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Climate change and invasion by intracontinental range-expanding exotic plants: the role of biotic interactions.
- Author
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Morriën E, Engelkes T, Macel M, Meisner A, and Van der Putten WH
- Subjects
- Biological Evolution, Climate Change classification, Conservation of Natural Resources, Environment, Flowers, Plant Shoots, Species Specificity, Temperature, Adaptation, Physiological physiology, Biodiversity, Climate Change mortality, Ecosystem, Plant Development, Population Dynamics
- Abstract
Background and Aims: In this Botanical Briefing we describe how the interactions between plants and their biotic environment can change during range-expansion within a continent and how this may influence plant invasiveness., Scope: We address how mechanisms explaining intercontinental plant invasions by exotics (such as release from enemies) may also apply to climate-warming-induced range-expanding exotics within the same continent. We focus on above-ground and below-ground interactions of plants, enemies and symbionts, on plant defences, and on nutrient cycling., Conclusions: Range-expansion by plants may result in above-ground and below-ground enemy release. This enemy release can be due to the higher dispersal capacity of plants than of natural enemies. Moreover, lower-latitudinal plants can have higher defence levels than plants from temperate regions, making them better defended against herbivory. In a world that contains fewer enemies, exotic plants will experience less selection pressure to maintain high levels of defensive secondary metabolites. Range-expanders potentially affect ecosystem processes, such as nutrient cycling. These features are quite comparable with what is known of intercontinental invasive exotic plants. However, intracontinental range-expanding plants will have ongoing gene-flow between the newly established populations and the populations in the native range. This is a major difference from intercontinental invasive exotic plants, which become more severely disconnected from their source populations.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Successful range-expanding plants experience less above-ground and below-ground enemy impact.
- Author
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Engelkes T, Morriën E, Verhoeven KJ, Bezemer TM, Biere A, Harvey JA, McIntyre LM, Tamis WL, and van der Putten WH
- Subjects
- Altitude, Animals, Aphids physiology, Biodiversity, Biomass, Grasshoppers physiology, Rivers, Soil, Temperature, Adaptation, Physiological physiology, Ecosystem, Feeding Behavior, Plant Roots physiology, Plant Shoots physiology
- Abstract
Many species are currently moving to higher latitudes and altitudes. However, little is known about the factors that influence the future performance of range-expanding species in their new habitats. Here we show that range-expanding plant species from a riverine area were better defended against shoot and root enemies than were related native plant species growing in the same area. We grew fifteen plant species with and without non-coevolved polyphagous locusts and cosmopolitan, polyphagous aphids. Contrary to our expectations, the locusts performed more poorly on the range-expanding plant species than on the congeneric native plant species, whereas the aphids showed no difference. The shoot herbivores reduced the biomass of the native plants more than they did that of the congeneric range expanders. Also, the range-expanding plants developed fewer pathogenic effects in their root-zone soil than did the related native species. Current predictions forecast biodiversity loss due to limitations in the ability of species to adjust to climate warming conditions in their range. Our results strongly suggest that the plants that shift ranges towards higher latitudes and altitudes may include potential invaders, as the successful range expanders may experience less control by above-ground or below-ground enemies than the natives.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Spatial population structure of a specialist leaf-mining moth.
- Author
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Gripenberg S, Ovaskainen O, Morriën E, and Roslin T
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Male, Plant Leaves growth & development, Population Density, Population Dynamics, Quercus physiology, Species Specificity, Time Factors, Ecosystem, Feeding Behavior physiology, Moths physiology, Predatory Behavior physiology, Quercus anatomy & histology, Spatial Behavior physiology
- Abstract
1. The spatial structure of natural populations may profoundly influence their dynamics. Depending on the frequency of movements among local populations and the consequent balance between local and regional population processes, earlier work has attempted to classify metapopulations into clear-cut categories, ranging from patchy populations to sets of remnant populations. In an alternative, dichotomous scheme, local populations have been classified as self-sustaining populations generating a surplus of individuals (sources) and those depending on immigration for persistence (sinks). 2. In this paper, we describe the spatial population structure of the leaf-mining moth Tischeria ekebladella, a specialist herbivore of the pedunculate oak Quercus robur. We relate moth dispersal to the distribution of oaks on Wattkast, a small island (5 km(2)) off the south-western coast of Finland. 3. We build a spatially realistic metapopulation model derived from assumptions concerning the behaviour of individual moths, and show that the model is able to explain part of the variation in observed patterns of occurrence and colonization. 4. While the species was always present on large trees, a considerable proportion of the local populations associated with small oaks showed extinction-recolonization dynamics. The vast majority of moth individuals occur on large trees. 5. According to model predictions, the dominance of local vs. regional processes in tree-specific moth dynamics varies drastically across the landscape. Most local populations may be defined broadly as 'sinks', as model simulations suggest that in the absence of immigration, only the largest oaks will sustain viable moth populations. Large trees in areas of high oak density will contribute most to the overall persistence of the metapopulation by acting as sources of moths colonizing other trees. 6. No single 'metapopulation type' will suffice to describe the oak-moth system. Instead, our study supports the notion that real populations are often a mix of earlier identified categories. The level to which local populations may persist after landscape modification will vary across the landscape, and sweeping classifications of metapopulations into single categories will contribute little to understanding how individual local populations contribute to the overall persistence of the system.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Resource selection by female moths in a heterogeneous environment: what is a poor girl to do?
- Author
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Gripenberg S, Morriën E, Cudmore A, Salminen JP, and Roslin T
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Plant Leaves, Quercus growth & development, Quercus parasitology, Reproduction physiology, Environment, Feeding Behavior, Moths physiology, Oviposition physiology, Spatial Behavior
- Abstract
1. According to the preference-performance hypothesis, female insects select resources that maximize offspring performance. To achieve high fitness, leaf miner females should then adjust their oviposition behaviour in response to leaf attributes signalling high host quality. 2. Here we investigate resource selection in Tischeria ekebladella, a leaf-mining moth of the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur), in relation to two alternative hypotheses: (1) females select their resources with respect to their future quality for developing larvae; or (2) temporal changes in resource quality prevent females from selecting the best larval resources. 3. Specifically, we test whether females show the strongest selection at the levels at which quality varies the most (shoots and leaves); whether they respond to specific leaf attributes (leaf size, phenolic content and conspecific eggs); and whether female preference is reflected in offspring performance. 4. Female choice of leaves was found to be non-random. Within trees, the females preferred certain shoots, but when the shoots were on different trees the degree of discrimination was about four times larger than when they were on the same trees. 5. While females typically lay more eggs on large leaves, this is not a result of active selection of large leaves, but rather a result of females moving at random and ovipositing at regular intervals. 6. The females in our study did not adjust their oviposition behaviour in response to leaf phenolic contents (as measured by the time of larval feeding). Neither did they avoid leaves with conspecific eggs. 7. Female choice of oviposition sites did not match patterns of offspring performance: there was no positive association between offspring survival and counts of eggs. 8. We propose that temporal variation in resource quality may prevent female moths from evaluating resource quality reliably. To compensate for this, females may adopt a risk-spreading strategy when selecting their resources.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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