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The present study aims to describe the histomorphology and ultrastructure of the hepatopancreas of a brachyuran crab, Varuna litterata using light and transmission electron microscopy. The hepatopancreas is an orange-yellow-coloured bilobed organ that comprises numerous blind-ended tubules. Each tubule is divided into proximal, mid, and distal regions and lined by pseudostratified epithelium with five cell types (E-, F-, R-, B-, M-cells). Each cell has distinct cytomorphological features and their relative percentages can vary along the length of the tubules. E-cells are embryonic cells and confined to the extreme distal end. It has a high nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio and is involved in mitotic activity. M-cells are infrequently scattered throughout the length of the tubule without any brush border and play an important role in nutrient and endocrine regulation. R-cells exhibit a distinct polar organization of the cell organelles into apical, medial, and basal areas and are responsible for nutrient absorption, storage, and detoxification processes. F-cells contain abundant rER that gives fibrillar appearances to the cytoplasm and are involved in the synthesis of digestive enzymes. B-cells have an apical endocytotic complex in the early stage and a large central vacuole in the final stage of maturation. Mature B-cells are eliminated into the tubular lumen by holocrine secretion. These are considered for intracellular digestion and excretory functions. These findings provide the basic information regarding the identification, characterization, and functions of the hepatopancreatic cell types of V. litterata that might be useful in further nutritional research as well as in histopathological and biomarker studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employed remote sensing data, geographic information systems, and statistical methods to analyze the morphometric features of the Antsokia watershed and its sub-watersheds. It assessed drainage network, watershed geometry, drainage texture, and relief characteristics. The Antsokia watershed is drained mainly by a sixth-order river with a dendritic pattern. The mean bifurcation ratio (Rb) was 3.9, indicating a typical branching pattern, while sub-watersheds showed higher Rb values (>5), suggesting steep terrain. The longest flow path is 42.5 km, marked by knickpoints due to lithological changes and major faults. The watershed's elongated shape indicates longer peak flows, aiding flood management. Drainage texture analysis revealed fine drainage, implying soft rock prone to erosion prevails. Most of the watershed comprises high relief and steep slopes (78 %), including hills, breaks, and low mountains. The S-shaped hypsometric curve with a hypsometric integral of 0.4 suggests the watershed is in a mature stage of geomorphic evolution and equilibrium. Sub-watershed morphometric parameters varied spatially, categorized into low, moderate, and high clusters. Overall, this study enhances understanding of Antsokia watershed's characteristics, aiding in sustainable resource management and decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two invasive Reynoutria species, Reynoutria japonica var. japonica and Reynoutria sachalinensis, and their hybrid Reynoutria x bohemica are often misidentified by managers and nonspecialists. The taxonomic confusions are all the more exacerbated by the infraspecific variability of introduced populations in terms of morphology, genetic diversity, and ploidy level. We resolved the identity of North‐Eastern French invasive populations using 4582 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a RADseq analysis, DNA contents estimated by flow cytometry, and 12 vegetative morphometric variables. The SNPs supported only one single genotype for R. japonica over 11 localities, while the nine localities of Reynoutria x bohemica were represented by one genotype each. Estimation of genome size using DAPI staining and flow cytometry revealed only octoploid cytotypes for R. japonica and hexaploid cytotypes for R. x bohemica, whereas R. sachalinensis was represented by tetraploid and hexaploid cytotypes. Among morphometric variables, no single one allows for a clear differentiation of the three taxa. We propose a combination of characters to easily and quickly identify these three invasive taxa based on six vegetative criteria including leaf and apex length, as well as leaf shape, leaf base, and apex shape, and the extrafloral nectaries on the node. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study using a 90-m resolution Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), digital elevation model (DEM), and geospatial techniques and an in-depth study of geomorphic and structural characteristics has been carried out for the Cauvery River basin (CRB) of India. The study of terrain characteristics and their evolution has, in fact, been transformed in recent years by the combination of remote sensing data such as the SRTM, DEM with GIS technology. The analysis involves morphometric assessments of the drainage system, focusing on linear, aerial, and relief aspects. Additionally, the longitudinal profile analysis synthesizes the influence of lithology on the basin's characteristics. Notably, Cauvery is identified as the 8th order drainage basin, covering a substantial area of 85,071.6 km2. River basin structural control is found to be low to moderate, according to the bifurcation ratio study. Because of the hard rock lithology, there is less stream frequency (0.22) and drainage density (0.6 km/km2), which indicates that there may be more permeability in the strata below the surface, river's mean stream length, which varies from 1.8 to 241.4 for all orders, and the stream length ratio, which varies from 0.38 to 0.65, which has a surface area of 85,071.6 sq. km and a circumference of roughly 2573.2 km. The vastness of the basin, as seen by its area and perimeter, emphasizes how important it is to the dynamics of peak flow and runoff in hydrological processes. The basin is extremely elongated, as indicated by the shape parameters, which makes managing flood control within the basin comparatively easier and river watershed management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Before the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the radiological assessment of the hypothalamic-pituitary region relied on plain radiographs and computed tomography scans. However, contemporary medical practice now widely recognizes MRI as the preferred imaging modality for this purpose. The objective is to investigate variations in size and morphology of the pituitary gland associated with age and gender. Aims and Objectives: (a) The aims of this study were as follows: To establish normative measurements of pituitary gland in South Indian population. (b) To evaluate the relationship between gender, weight, height, and body mass index in different patients using conventional MRI sequences. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study, approved by the Institutional Review Board, included the enrolment of 140 normal individuals. The dimensions of the pituitary gland were assessed in 140 individuals exhibiting apparently normal pituitary gland function. The height and length of the pituitary gland were measured utilizing mid-sagittal T1-weighted images (T1-WI) obtained through MRI. The width of the pituitary gland was determined using coronal T1-WI, and the pituitary gland volume was subsequently calculated. Results: This study comprised 98 females and 102 males. The anteroposterior dimension, height, and volume of the pituitary gland showed statistically significant correlations with age (P<0.05), while the transverse dimension did not show a significant correlation with age (P>0.05). The shape of the pituitary gland was found to have statistically significant correlations with age and gender. Conversely, the transverse diameter, height, and volume of the pituitary gland showed no significant correlations. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of considering pituitary size, shape, and volume in the evaluation of neuroendocrine disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the most commonly observed types of occipital condyles were oval, followed by circular and two-portioned shapes. Occipital condyles are small bilateral extensions of the occipital bone that hold crucial implications for neurosurgical practice due to their association with various disease processes affecting the craniovertebral junction. A comprehensive understanding of the bony anatomy and variations in occipital condyles is imperative for optimising neurosurgical approaches. The primary objective of this study is to conduct an in-depth investigation of occipital condyles. We examined 40 dry human skulls, meticulously measuring various parameters such as length, breadth, anterior, and posterior intercondylar distances. The shapes of occipital condyles were classified into distinct types: oval, circular, eight-shaped, kidney-shaped, deformed, two-portioned, oval convex, and pyramid. The documented parameters of occipital condyles and their variations are poised to serve as invaluable guidelines for future surgeons. Possessing a thorough understanding of occipital condyle morphometry can significantly facilitate the instrumentation process, mitigating the risk of neurovascular damage. We firmly believe that the outcomes of our research will establish a comprehensive reference database, aiding in the development of implants and the formulation of optimal surgical approaches tailored to the intricacies of occipital condyles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iceland is a unique example where the rift zone of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge emerges at the surface, and whose morphology and tectonic structure differ considerably from typical rift zones of mid-oceanic ridges. The morphology and geodynamics of the western branch of Icelandic rifts are largely controlled by the thermal influence of the Iceland plume that has created the North Atlantic large igneous province. The western branch of Icelandic rifts is characterized by ceasing tectonic and magmatic activity. Overlapping the Eastern Rift Zone, it forms the rotating Hreppar microplate block, which results in a northward decrease of its tectono-magmatic activity. Based on a morphometric analysis of fault scarps, we identified the degree of present-day activity for individual areas of volcanic systems, and determined its variation during Late Quaternary for some areas. The inferences drawn here demonstrate distinct differences in the present-day tectonic structure and dynamics of rift zones and individual volcanic systems within them. The southernmost, transtensional Reykjanes Rift Zone shows tectono-magmatic activity decreasing to the east, which is due to a lower influence exerted by the Reykjanes Ridge that is adjacent to it to the southwest. We observed its gradual eastward diminution, which is probably due to an analogous southward movement of the most active Eastern Rift Zone and to the formation of a new transtensional zone that combines the present-day Reykjanes Rift Zone and South Iceland Seismic Zone. The Western Rift Zone is developing independently of the Reykjanes Rift Zone, having a major extension center in the area of Lake Thingvallavatn. The Holocene manifestations of tectono-magmatic activity in its northern part, as is the case in the Central Rift Zone, are very weak, being mostly due to glacio-isostatic reactivation of older structures. The identified structural inhomogeneities can also be traced in the morphological aspect of rift zones. As an example, the Western and Central Rift Zones typically contain well-developed shield volcanoes that are largely composed of hyaloclastites, while individual lava shield edifices are observed within fissure swarms. In contrast to this, the Reykjanes Rift Zone is characterized by an absence of central volcanoes expressed in topography, and chains of small volcanic vents are observed within fissure swarms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skin represents the main barrier against the external environment, but also plays a role in human relations, as one of the prime determinants of beauty, resulting in a high consumer demand for skincare-related pharmaceutical products. Given the importance of skin aging in both medical and social spheres, the present research aims to characterize microscopic changes in human skin composition due to intrinsic aging (as opposed to aging influenced by external factors) via histological analysis of a photoprotected body region. Samples from 25 autopsies were taken from the periumbilical area and classified into four age groups: group 1 (0–12 years), group 2 (13–25 years), group 3 (26–54 years), and group 4 (≥ 55 years). Different traditional histological (hematoxylin–eosin, Masson's trichrome, orcein, toluidine, Alcian blue, and Feulgen reaction) and immunohistochemical (CK20, CD1a, Ki67, and CD31) stains were performed. A total of 1879 images photographed with a Leica DM3000 optical microscope were morphometrically analyzed using Image ProPlus 7.0 for further statistical analysis with GraphPad 9.0. Our results showed a reduction in epidermis thickness, interdigitation and mitotic indexes, while melanocyte count was raised. Papillary but not reticular dermis showed increased thickness with aging. Specifically, in the papillary layer mast cells and glycosaminoglycans were expanded, whereas the reticular dermis displayed a diminution in glycosaminoglycans and elastic fibers. Moreover, total cellularity and vascularization of both dermises were diminished with aging. This morphometric analysis of photoprotected areas reveals that intrinsic aging significantly influences human skin composition. This study paves the way for further research into the molecular basis underpinning these alterations, and into potential antiaging strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The morphometric analysis of the watersheds is essential for the conservation of natural resources, including soil, water, and vegetation. The Morphometric analysis defines the linear, areal and relief aspects of the watershed. It involves the comprehensive analysis of various factors such as drainage network, surface water flow, and other topographical features. The aim of this study is to develop a sustainable watershed management strategy for the Nayar watershed based on morphometry and Land Use Land Cover (LULC) change dynamics. The Nayar watershed has a total area of 1956.33 km2. The multispectral satellite imagery, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data, and Survey of India (SOI) Toposheets were used for understanding the topographical and morphological characteristics along with the LULC change dynamics. The findings of this research conclude that the Nayar watershed has parallel and dendritic drainage patterns with high relief. According to the LULC change dynamics, the Nayar watershed's area change comprising 57.60 km2 and 57.15 km2, are from Agricultural Land to Wasteland and from Forest Cover to Wasteland, respectively. This shift in the hilly region will increase the risks of landslides and erosion. Furthermore, the change of 110.03 km2 area of Forest Cover to Agricultural Land raises further challenges due to loss of natural vegetation in long run. In summary the change in LULC of Nayar watershed is vulnerable to risk of natural calamities like landslide, erosion. This work would be helpful to many experts and decision-makers for sustainable watershed management and natural resource management.

Background: Before the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the radiological assessment of the hypothalamic-pituitary region relied on plain radiographs and computed tomography scans. However, contemporary medical practice now widely recognizes MRI as the preferred imaging modality for this purpose. The objective is to investigate variations in size and morphology of the pituitary gland associated with age and gender. Aims and Objectives: (a) The aims of this study were as follows: To establish normative measurements of pituitary gland in South Indian population. (b) To evaluate the relationship between gender, weight, height, and body mass index in different patients using conventional MRI sequences. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study, approved by the Institutional Review Board, included the enrolment of 140 normal individuals. The dimensions of the pituitary gland were assessed in 140 individuals exhibiting apparently normal pituitary gland function. The height and length of the pituitary gland were measured utilizing mid-sagittal T1-weighted images (T1-WI) obtained through MRI. The width of the pituitary gland was determined using coronal T1-WI, and the pituitary gland volume was subsequently calculated. Results: This study comprised 98 females and 102 males. The anteroposterior dimension, height, and volume of the pituitary gland showed statistically significant correlations with age (P0.05). The shape of the pituitary gland was found to have statistically significant correlations with age and gender. Conversely, the transverse diameter, height, and volume of the pituitary gland showed no significant correlations. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of considering pituitary size, shape, and volume in the evaluation of neuroendocrine disorders.

The article is devoted to implementation of morphometric analysis in process of qualitative and quantitative dynamic interpretation of seismic data. Essence of new approach is to predict reservoir capacity of channel genesis based on established dependencies between parameters “width of channel formation belt” and “thickness of channel deposits”. Interpretation of meandering river system demonstrates on example of one productive interval identified in the Tyumen formation. This article presents three variants of dependencies, two of which are the author’s and published for the first time. Authors have developed a program code in Python to automate morphometric analysis. Ranges of values predicted on basis of dependencies are correlated with results of quantitative dynamic analysis performed by inversion transformations, as well as with general ideas about sediment thickness of both modern river systems and paleosystems in geological formations of different ages.

Mechanised non-contact, non-destructive imaging methodologies have revolutionised plant phenotyping, increasing throughput well beyond what was possible using traditional manual methods. Quantifying the variation in post-harvest material such as seeds and fruits, usually the economically important part of the crop, can be critical for commercial quality assessment as well as breeding and research. Therefore, reliable methods that gather metrics of interest, quickly and efficiently, are of widespread interest across sectors. This study focuses on evaluating the phenotyping capabilities of the Cgrain Value™, a novel grain imaging machine designed for quality and purity assessment and used primarily in commercial cereal production and processing. The performance of the Cgrain Value™ in its generation of high-throughput quantitative phenotypic data is compared with a well-established machine, MARVIN, assessing repeatability and reproducibility across a range of metrics. The findings highlight the potential of the Cgrain Value™, and some shortcomings, to provide detailed three-dimensional size, shape, and colour information rapidly, offering insights into oat grain morphology that could enhance genome-wide association studies and inform the breeding efforts in oat improvement programmes.

Introduction: Chiari malformation (CIM) is a congenital anomaly characterized by herniation of hindbrain structures through the foramen magnum into the cervical spinal canal (CSC). Although the pathogenesis of CIM has not been clearly defined, its relationship with the posterior fossa and CSC morphology is unclear. In this study, we aimed to perform morphometric analysis of both the posterior fossa and the CSC in CIM to investigate the correlation of measurements with each other and to reveal their effects on the development of syringomyelia (SM), which has not been previously reported. Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging images of 90 patients and 30 healthy individuals were retrospectively analyzed. Posterior fossa parameters and CSC diameters at all cervical vertebral levels were measured for each patient. The taper ratio of CSC was calculated separately for each group at the C1-C4 and C1-C7 levels. The average CSC shape was drawn for each group. Results: No statistically significant difference was detected between the age groups. A steeper taper ratio was detected when CIM was accompanied by SM. In addition, the posterior fossa had a narrower volume than the normal fossa in CIM. Conclusion: Morphometric analysis of both the posterior fossa and the CSC was performed using CIM for the first time in the literature. This is the first study to present the term “tapering” with an illustration.

In this work, the main goal was to analyse the erosional hazards within the boundaries of the Kalaus River catchment area.The paper analyses the erosive state of the region's lands, for which industry and cadastral maps, a digital elevation model and satellite images were used. Official data of ministries and departments were used. Geographic information systems – QGIS and SAGA GIS – served as the basis for modelling. The article presents the results of GIS modeling of erosional hazards in the territory of the Kalaus River basin. Based on the (DEM) SRTM digital elevation model, the basic morphometric indicators of the relief were calculated: steepness of the slopes and vertical and horizontal dissection of the relief. Based on morphometric indicators, an integral calculation of the energy of relief and erosion hazard was carried out and a series of relevant thematic maps was created. The values of slope steepness obtained within the boundaries of the basin range from 0° to 51° with average values of 2.5°. The horizontal dissection varies in the range from 0 to 0.84 km/km2, and the erosion bases are characterized by a range of values from – 15.0 to 248.6 m, with an average value of 33.0 m. The formation of the erosional potential of the basin’s relief is facilitated by the location of a significant part of the region on the spurs of the Stavropol Upland, which have widely developed slopes. Based on the calculated raster of the integral energy index of the relief, 3 categories of erosional hazard are identified. Most of the basin of the Kalaus River (58.4 %) is characterised by a low erosion hazard, another 39.0 % of the territory presents an average erosion hazard, and the remaining 2.9 % belongs to territories with a strong erosion hazard. The classification of relief surface shapes based on the Iwahashi and Pike method, which was carried out on the basis of a DEM, shows a much greater prevalence of steep slopes with high convexity in the southern part of the Kalaus River basin.The identified features of the level of erosional hazard of the lands of the Kalaus River basin are recommended to be taken into account in preinvestment, pre‐design and urban project planning of the territories of administrative units located within the boundaries of the basin. Despite the fact that the results of GIS analysis cannot completely replace field erosion surveys, their value as a tool for planning rational land use is obvious. The results of the work can be used to carry out a similar assessment in other regions, primarily in the organisation of agricultural production.

Abstract This study investigates the morphological changes in grape pips resulting from various charring conditions. Employing high-resolution scanning combined with morphometric measurements for morphological analysis, we aimed to understand the effects of charring on grape pips. Our morphometric analysis demonstrated significant alterations in seed shape above 250 °C. The length–width ratio and the occurrence of cracks notably changed, providing a basis for assessing charring conditions. In addition, applying a machine learning classification method, we determined that accurate classification of grape varieties by the morphometric analysis method is feasible for seeds charred at up to 250 °C and 8 h. Integrating the morphometric changes and temperature ranges suitable for classification, we developed a sorting model for archaeological seeds. By projecting length–width ratios onto a curve calculated from controlled conditions, we estimated charring temperatures. Approximately 50% of archaeological seeds deviated from the model, indicating drastic charring conditions. This sorting model facilitates a stringent selection of seeds fit for classification, enhancing the accuracy of our machine learning-based methodology. In conclusion, combining machine learning with morphometric sorting enables the identification of charred grape seeds suitable for identification by the morphometric method. This comprehensive approach provides a valuable tool for future research for the identification of charred grape seeds found in archaeological contexts, enhancing our understanding of ancient viticulture practices and grape cultivation.

The location of the main boundary fault of the Yadong-Gulu Rift (YGR) shifts from the east side in the southern segment to the west side in the northern segment. The Nyemo Graben Group (NGG) connects the southern and northern segments of the YGR and provides clues for understanding the migration of boundary fault locations along the YGR. However, the NGG has received very little attention. In this study, we map the geometry of the Pabu normal fault, which is the boundary fault of the westernmost graben in the NGG, using high-resolution remote sensing images. We then utilized a digital elevation model (DEM) with a spatial resolution of 1 m. Morphometric parameters such as scarp height, width, and slope were obtained from elevation profiles in three typical deformation regions. Our results reveal a fault segment approximately 3 km long that links the southern and northern segments of the Pabu Fault. Each fault segment could be a major segment. Furthermore, based on regional tectonic activity, the Pabu Fault has the potential to produce an earthquake with a magnitude of around M 6.7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthetic fungicides are used to control anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; however, their frequent application increases the risk of pathogen resistance, environmental damage, and health concerns. It has been reported that caprylic acid (CA) inhibits the in vitro development of C. gloeosporioides; however, its antifungal mechanism and in vivo antifungal potential are still unknown. Therefore, the present work aims to analyse the effect of a CA‐enriched sub‐fraction (CAES) extracted from Vitex mollis fruit on the fungal microstructure by confocal fluorescence microscopy and morphometric analysis. Moreover, the effect of CAES on anthracnose development and quality parameters in papaya fruit was evaluated. The confocal microscopy images confirmed that CAES damaged the cell wall of conidia, given their decreased width. The increased fluorescence intensity in the CAES and CA‐treated mycelium suggested they were attached to the plasma membrane. These treatments produced structural alterations of the vacuoles and septa in mycelium, while in the fungicide thiabendazole (TBZ) treatment, apoptotic bodies appeared. CAES at 1.0 g L−1 had the best effect against anthracnose incidence and severity in papaya fruit, whereas TBZ was only effective on anthracnose severity. None of the applied treatments affected the fruit quality parameters. Therefore, CAES may be develop as an effective option to suppress anthracnose on papaya fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanised non-contact, non-destructive imaging methodologies have revolutionised plant phenotyping, increasing throughput well beyond what was possible using traditional manual methods. Quantifying the variation in post-harvest material such as seeds and fruits, usually the economically important part of the crop, can be critical for commercial quality assessment as well as breeding and research. Therefore, reliable methods that gather metrics of interest, quickly and efficiently, are of widespread interest across sectors. This study focuses on evaluating the phenotyping capabilities of the Cgrain Value™, a novel grain imaging machine designed for quality and purity assessment and used primarily in commercial cereal production and processing. The performance of the Cgrain Value™ in its generation of high-throughput quantitative phenotypic data is compared with a well-established machine, MARVIN, assessing repeatability and reproducibility across a range of metrics. The findings highlight the potential of the Cgrain Value™, and some shortcomings, to provide detailed three-dimensional size, shape, and colour information rapidly, offering insights into oat grain morphology that could enhance genome-wide association studies and inform the breeding efforts in oat improvement programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water deficit resulting from climate variations limits the profitability and sustainability of sugarcane fields, making water supply through irrigation necessary to sustain the potential production of sugarcane. However, the water used for irrigation purposes must be properly managed, ensuring the conservation of water resources and the reduction of costs with the use of inputs and energy. Pulsed drip irrigation aims to support irrigation management, improving the efficient use of water and mitigating the deleterious effects of water deficit. This study aims to evaluate the growth, productivity, and industrial yield of sugarcane cultivated under continuous and pulsed drip irrigation. A field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Sugarcane Station of Carpina, in Carpina in the State of Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil, from December 2020 to December 2021. The experimental arrangement was randomized blocks in a 2 x 5 factorial design, with two types of irrigation application (pulsed and continuous) and five irrigation levels (40, 60, 80, 100, and 120% of crop evapotranspiration – ETc), with four replications. Pulsed drip irrigation increased the yield of stalks (9%) and sugar (21%) in the sugarcane crop and ethanol (17%) derived from sugar in the juice. Pulsed drip irrigation, when compared to continuous irrigation, improved the performance of sugarcane, providing a reduction in water consumption and increasing growth, stalk yield, sugar and predicted ethanol yield. Thus, based on this study, pulse irrigation is an efficient approach to irrigation management, contributing to the stability of sugarcane production while conserving water relative to continuous irrigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prioritization of watersheds has increasingly become an optimal and relevant approach for the management and planning against natural hazards. This approach is based on the morphometric analysis of the watersheds according to some parameters and indicators. In this study, we adopted this approach using Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques to identify the priority sub-watersheds of the Inaouene River upstream of the Idris I dam. This watershed, which is part of the Sebou watershed with an area of approximately 3608.2 km2, is made of up 38 sub-watersheds and an area of gulleys. The results showed that 57.89% of the Inaouene River's sub-watersheds have high to very high priority. The most important ones are Lahdar, El Melah 1, Gherghab, Larbaâ, and Mezwarou watersheds. By unveiling the distinctive morphometric characteristics of the watershed, this study enhances our understanding of its hydrological behavior, while providing crucial data to support soil and water conservation measures. This ensures sustainable agriculture, preserves water quality, and prevents sedimentation in the Idris I dam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this study is to explain periglacial processes on the summits of Mount Honaz (2571 m a.s.l.), define periglacial landforms, and determine the relationships between morphometric features and topographic factors. Mud circles, stony earth circles, non sorted steps, and non sorted stripes were identified on the summits of Mount Honaz. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) and linear regression analyses were performed by taking metric measurements from 125 periglacial landforms to describe their morphometric features (length, width, height) of periglacial landforms and explain the relationships between them and topographic factors (elevation, slope). To explain the relationships between periglacial landforms and soil properties, soil samples from 11 periglacial landforms were taken and analysed. Periglacial landforms, which continue to develop on the summits of Mount Honaz today, have been evaluated with present climate data. Analysis of soil samples indicates a notable impact of parent material on the genesis of periglacial landforms. The high ratio of organic matter in mud circle and non sorted step landforms and the high lime ratio in stony earth circle landforms prove a strong relationship between the formation mechanisms of landforms and the soil properties. Furthermore, it is consistent with the findings obtained from the analysis that severe periglacial processes and washing and scavenging events are experienced more on the northern slopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this narrative review was to provide insights into the influence of the morphological characteristics of the anatomical structures of the upper jaw based on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) analysis on the immediate implant placement in this region. Material and Methods:To conduct this research, we used many electronic databases, and the resulting papers were chosen and analyzed. From the clinical point of view, the region of the anterior maxilla is specific and can be difficult for immediate implant placement. Findings: Anatomical structures in the anterior maxilla, such as the nasopalatine canal and accessory canals, may limit and influence the implant therapy outcome. In addition to the aforementioned region, immediate implant placement in the posterior maxilla may be challenging for clinicians, especially in prosthetic-driven immediate implant placement procedures. Data presented within the recently published materials summarize the investigations performed in order to achieve more reliable indicators that may make more accurate decisions for clinicians. Conclusion: The possibility for immediate implant placement may be affected by the NPC shape in the anterior maxilla, while the presence of ACs may increase the incidence of immediate implant placement complications. The variations in IRS characteristics may be considered important criteria for choosing the implant properties required for successful immediate implant placement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Chiari malformation (CIM) is a congenital anomaly characterized by herniation of hindbrain structures through the foramen magnum into the cervical spinal canal (CSC). Although the pathogenesis of CIM has not been clearly defined, its relationship with the posterior fossa and CSC morphology is unclear. In this study, we aimed to perform morphometric analysis of both the posterior fossa and the CSC in CIM to investigate the correlation of measurements with each other and to reveal their effects on the development of syringomyelia (SM), which has not been previously reported. Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging images of 90 patients and 30 healthy individuals were retrospectively analyzed. Posterior fossa parameters and CSC diameters at all cervical vertebral levels were measured for each patient. The taper ratio of CSC was calculated separately for each group at the C1-C4 and C1-C7 levels. The average CSC shape was drawn for each group. Results: No statistically significant difference was detected between the age groups. A steeper taper ratio was detected when CIM was accompanied by SM. In addition, the posterior fossa had a narrower volume than the normal fossa in CIM. Conclusion: Morphometric analysis of both the posterior fossa and the CSC was performed using CIM for the first time in the literature. This is the first study to present the term "tapering" with an illustration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complex systematics of the genus Sedum, the difficulties of its classification and the ambiguity of the concrete identification of the taxa brought about the need to implement a measurement system adaptable to field conditions, so as to facilitate the accuracy of data collection, avoiding the etiolation of samples and, therefore, the deterioration of the morphological structures subject to analysis. Thus, our study describes a digitization of the classic method of making measurements using millimeter paper, thus facilitating the subsequent statistical processing of quantifiable values. Depending on the number of pixels in the photos taken and the pixel/millimeter ratio, a variable measurement scale can be created depending on the size of the analyzed taxomes. The method used adds to the classic taxonomy, which is based on the analysis of morphological characteristics to determine the species of these succulent plants. The applicability of our method is shown by means of the example of an analysis performed on the flowers of the native species of the genus Sedum in the territory of Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the morphological changes in grape pips resulting from various charring conditions. Employing high-resolution scanning combined with morphometric measurements for morphological analysis, we aimed to understand the effects of charring on grape pips. Our morphometric analysis demonstrated significant alterations in seed shape above 250 °C. The length–width ratio and the occurrence of cracks notably changed, providing a basis for assessing charring conditions. In addition, applying a machine learning classification method, we determined that accurate classification of grape varieties by the morphometric analysis method is feasible for seeds charred at up to 250 °C and 8 h. Integrating the morphometric changes and temperature ranges suitable for classification, we developed a sorting model for archaeological seeds. By projecting length–width ratios onto a curve calculated from controlled conditions, we estimated charring temperatures. Approximately 50% of archaeological seeds deviated from the model, indicating drastic charring conditions. This sorting model facilitates a stringent selection of seeds fit for classification, enhancing the accuracy of our machine learning-based methodology. In conclusion, combining machine learning with morphometric sorting enables the identification of charred grape seeds suitable for identification by the morphometric method. This comprehensive approach provides a valuable tool for future research for the identification of charred grape seeds found in archaeological contexts, enhancing our understanding of ancient viticulture practices and grape cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the current study was to establish whether morphometrically analysis (weight and size) of the porcine ovaries affects the quality of oocytes. Twenty-one ovaries were measured by – weight (gr), length (cm), and width (cm) and divided into three groups (n=7). We also compared oocyte diameter (including ZP, excluding ZP and thickness of ZP), according to ovarian weight between groups. Twenty COCs from each group of ovaries were tested in BCB solution. It was found that in the values between the weight of the ovaries and their dimensions, a significant difference was observed between groups 1 and 3 regarding the length of the ovary (P<0.01). The width of the second group was significant greater than the ovaries of group one (P<0.01). The analysis of oocytes (n=14) from each group showed that in the first group, the percentage of BSB positively stained oocytes was the highest (70%) compared to the other two groups where the positive oocytes were 60 % and 30% for 2 and 3 group, respectively. Our study indicates that the morphometric parameters are not always related to the oocyte quality namely that small ovaries (<5gr) also show good oocyte competence by BCB staining and we concluded that smaller ovaries can be used as a research model too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combined consequences of unregulated farming practices and increasingly erosive precipitations due to climate change pose significant threats to watersheds in tropical regions. Sustainable river basin development can be achieved by implementing water resources conservation and techniques. Morphometric analysis has become an essential step for watershed prioritization in sustainable river basin development. This study investigates the morphometric parameters of four sub-basins within the Muvattupuzha basin to identify potential strategies for water conservation. Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were employed to analyze various morphometric parameters. Different geo morphometric features were analyzed to assess the susceptibility of the sub-basins regard to groundwater depletion so that locations in need of urgent attention can be given priority. Variables that directly and adversely affect the groundwater depletion risk were used in the ranking of the prioritization process. Ranks for various geomorphometric criteria of each subbasin were averaged to get compound values for final prioritization. Thodupuzha and Kaliyar subbasins with low compound factor, receive a very high and high priority respectively, while Muvattupuzha and Kothamangalam with higher compound value need moderate priority. The study offers important information to planners and managers of watersheds, where programs and project implementation must be given priority. The same data could be very useful for providing insight into other criteria-specific prioritization in river basin development programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) is a key non-timber forest product that plays an important role in forest biodiversity and ecosystem function. This study evaluated the vitality levels of eight bilberry populations in the Central Bohemian region of the Czech Republic, examining whether their vitality depends on the habitat type. Morphometric analyses were conducted, measuring 13 static metric and 16 static allometric morphological parameters of bilberry shoots. Statistical methods, including correlation, factor analysis, and ANOVA, were employed to determine the vitality index and population vitality structure based on the algorithm developed by Y.A. Zlobin. The results indicated that bilberry plants exhibit significant morphological variability based on forest conditions, forming plants with specific habitus traits. High positive correlations were found between many morphological characteristics, which were grouped into five clusters, each comprising 2–4 parameters. Among these, phytomass, total leaf surface area, and plant height were identified as the key determinants of vitality levels. Bilberry populations in Central Bohemian forests were classified into three vitality categories: prosperous, balanced, and depressed. The study found that the most vigorous populations, with Q-index values between 0.3333 and 0.4375, were located in associations such as Pinetum (sylvestris) vaccinio (myrtilli)-oxalidosum (acetosellae), Pinetum (sylvestris) vaccinio (myrtilli), and Pineto (sylvestris)-Piceetum (abietis) vaccinio (myrtilli)-oxalidosum (acetosellae). These populations are also of high economic value due to their bioresource potential. The study underscores the importance of habitat type in influencing bilberry vitality and offers insights into future research on bilberry populations as a vital component of non-timber forest products.

ABSTRACTThe present study analyzed the river morphometric characteristics of the Moyar river basin, which consists of seven sub-watersheds (SWS), located in the upper Bhavani River basin in South India. The morphometric appraisal was carried out based upon the digital elevation model using the geographical information system (GIS). The study area comprises the seven SWS. River morphometric parameters have been classified based upon the characteristics i.e., linear, areal, and relief aspects. The drainage patterns clearly exposed effective regional tectonics, and the stream orders of the basin are primarily controlled by physiographic and tectonic structure in the study area. The bifurcation ratio was recorded from 3.8 to 6.2, and the higher values of the mean bifurcation of the all stream orders revealed that the geological and tectonic control of the river basin i.e., SW1, SW2, and SW3. Likewise, the result exhibited that the priorities level of each and every SWS will assist the priority rank such as highest priority was given to SW3 (with a compound value of 2.40), and SW4 (compound value of 5.60) is the lowest priority in the Moyar river basin. Furthermore, the novelty of the study revealed that the three SWS (SWS3, SWS7, and SWS6) are highly susceptible and it requires appropriate sustainable soil and water conservation.

The Paucituberculata are a group of marsupials endemic to South America, recorded from the Early Eocene to the present. In terms of taxonomy and qualitative morphology, paucituberculatans are a quite diverse and disparate group, especially considering their extinct representatives. This study aimed to investigate the variability in the quantitative morphology of paucituberculatans in the context of the largest morphometric study of the group performed to date. Due to the fragmentary fossil record, this work focused on lower dental morphology which allowed us to compare around 95% of paucituberculatan species through the measurement and analysis of almost 1500 specimens. Dental measurements of 27 variables were analysed by Principal Component Analysis and Partial Least Squares correlation as exploratory methods. As a result, it is shown that the continuous variability is expressed not only in size differences among species but also in morphological variability of individual teeth, and differences in size and proportions along the molar row. We conclude that paucituberculatans are a group of important morphological diversity regarding quantitative morphology. Many of the quantitative taxonomic features discussed in the literature were corroborated in this study. In addition, we discussed potential evolutionary and palaeoecological implications of this study, highlighting prospects for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the gender differences in anatomical and morphometric characteristics of the nasopalatine canal-NPC and horizontal dimensions of the anterior maxilla by CBCT, which could be of interest for clinicians who perform implant surgery in this region. A retrospective quantitative study was conducted using CBCT images from the radiological database of the Department of Dentistry (Kragujevac) on a total of 113 participants (63 male and 50 female). The results of our study confirmed no gender difference in the distribution of NPC type, while the most frequent NPC type confirmed gender variations (cylindrical in females, funnel in males), but the lowest incidence of NPC type in both males and females was banana-type. The NPC length was significantly increased in males with no significant gender impact on medio-lateral (M-L) and antero-posterior (A-P) dimensions of the incisive foramen, as well as the A-P dimension of the nasal foramen. Linear regression analysis revealed the significant correlation between the M-L dimension of incisive foramen and the anterior maxilla diameter at all bone levels for males, and between the NPC length and the anterior maxilla diameter only in females at the level D. Also, both NPC type and gender significantly affected the correlations between the estimated parameters (females showed significant correlation only in funnel NPC type at the level D, while males showed significant correlation in both funnel NPC type at the level A, but also in hourglass-type at the level D). Those results imply significant gender impact in planning of various surgical interventions in the anterior maxilla region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil and water resource management is a serious concern in respect of climate variability to increase soil moisture and fulfil the need of living population and flora and fauna. In the context of basin, prioritization of sub-watershed has gained significance in the natural resource management. The study prioritized the sub-watershed of the Sakri basin using a multivariate geomorphometric approach. The basin resulted in the formation of 11 sub-watersheds. Measurement of basic and derived morphometric parameter was considered, and 17 parameters have been taken for ranking and priority of sub-watershed. The morphometric analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) approaches were employed for ranking and prioritization of sub-watershed, based on high correlated parameters. Based on the results of morphometric analysis and PCA, sub-watersheds were categorized in high, medium and low priority. Among a total of 11 sub-watersheds, sub-watershed (SW) 3, 5, 6, 8 and 9 falling under high priority, which accounting to 46.82% of the basin. The high priority sub-watershed is at a higher risk of erosion which needs instantaneous soil and water conservation measures for betterment of basin morphometry and minimizes drought conditions. Results of the two approaches show that morphometric-based prioritization is more reliable and better in decision making for soil and water conservation planning at the sub-watershed level. Overall, these results are highly relevant in planning and developing of suitable soil and water conservation structures for mitigation and prevention in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermestes frischii Kugelann, 1792 and Dermestes undulatus Brahm, 1790 are the most abundant species worldwide at outdoor or indoor crime scenes during the dry and skeletal stages of decomposition. The attribution of larval age in these beetles is problematic due to the variable number of instars, which is influenced by environmental factors. In this study, a morphometric approach was used to look for potential morphological features as evidence of larval stages. Breeding and monitoring were performed for both species in an incubator with a preset temperature of 28°C ± 0.5 without a photoperiod. Morphometric measurements were made on 10 larvae per instar for each species using length, width, and thickness parameters. Linear discriminant analysis was then used to generate decision boundaries that clearly separated larval stages. The cross-validation procedure demonstrated that the morphometric approach successfully discriminated adjacent larval stages in both species with high values of sensitivity and specificity. This less-invasive approach could improve the ability to estimate minPMI in forensic studies of Dermestidae beetles. Future studies may extend this approach to other species and establish good practices for collecting and storing specimens for morphometric analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The escalating issue of microplastic (MP) pollution poses a significant threat to the marine environment due to increasing plastic production and improper waste management. The current investigation was aimed at quantifying the MP concentration on 25 beaches on the Maharashtra coast, India. Beach sediments (1 kg) were collected from each site, with five replicates to evaluate the extent of MPs. The samples were homogenized, and three 20 g replicas were prepared for subsequent analysis. Later, the samples were sieved, and MPs were extracted using previously published protocols. The abundance of MPs found as 1.56 ± 0.79 MPs/g, ranges from 0.43 ± 0.07 to 3 ± 0.37 MPs/g. Fibers were found as the most abundant shape of MPs. Size‐wise classification revealed dominance of <1 mm and 1–2 mm‐sized MPs. Blue‐ and black‐colored MPs were recorded dominantly. Polymer identification of MPs revealed polyurethane, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, acrylic or polymethyl methacrylate, and rubber. The findings revealed that MPs were found to be higher at highly impacted sites, followed by moderately impacted sites and low‐impacted sites, possibly due to a different degree of anthropogenic pressure. The study recommended the urgent need for effective policy to prevent plastics accumulation in the coastal environment of Maharashtra State, India. Practitioner Points: The study investigated the abundance and distribution of microplastics in the marine environment, specifically in sediments.The most common type of microplastic found was fibers, followed by fragments and films.Microplastics were found to pose a potential risk to the marine ecosystem, although further research is needed to fully understand their ecological impact.Future research should focus on expanding the sample size, assessing long‐term effects, exploring sources and pathways, and considering size and shape of microplastics.The findings recommended urgent action to mitigate plastic pollution in Maharashtra coast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flood susceptibility is associated with a variety of factors. A hydrologic study of Wadi Al-Sail Al-Kabir was conducted based on morphometric analysis and hydrological indices. The current study aimed to apply morphometric analysis and multi-criteria decision analysis based on hydrological indices for flash flood risk assessment. RS and GIS were used to obtain morphological parameters. Thirty-six parameters were evaluated and categorized to basin geometry, drainage texture, drainage network, and relief characteristics. Spatial analysis was applied in a GIS environment for flash flood assessment, where 11 related hydrological indices were selected: the sediment transport index, stream power index, terrain ruggedness index, topographic wetness index, topographic position index, normalized difference vegetation index, distance to road, precipitation, elevation, slope, and drainage density. Each index was weighted based on its relative significance using an analytical hierarchy process. It was found that the area is 255.13 km2 (large area) and the wadi is related to the 5th order, consisting of 818 streams with a total length of 564.8 km. Finally, the generated map shows that approximately 40.8% of the wadi classified as high- and very high-risk areas, and 39% as moderate-risk areas. Using the generated map as evidence, planners can prepare an appropriate land-use policy to reduce the threat of flooding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morphometric analysis of a drainage basin along with its stream network is indispensable for analysing a river basin's prevailing geomorphology, geo-hydrology, and erosional susceptibility. In this study, an enhanced morphometric evaluation method using Google Earth Engine (GEE) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to assess and prioritize 12 sub-basins of the Godavari River basin (GRB), India, based on their erosional susceptibility. The findings of erosional susceptibility were validated using the Sediment Yield (SY) model. Our findings highlight that the sub-basins of Indravati, Pranhita, and Manjira, i.e. 42.42% (132707.4 km2) of the entire GRB are at high risk of erosional susceptibility, requiring immediate implementation of soil conservation measures. Our findings also highlight that 52.71% of the GRB is in the mature stage of geological evolution, wherein erosional landform-building processes are still ongoing. Overall, GRB has a relatively low drainage density with dendritic drainage patterns, permeable soils, and elongated sub-basins of enhanced erosional susceptibility. Moreover, the results of the SY model exhibited 90% agreement with the results of the enhanced morphometric analysis. This study presents an efficient framework for enhanced morphometric analysis that can assist policymakers in the demarcation of priority zones for erosional susceptibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The golden potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Behren, is an economically important pest of potatoes worldwide. In the Philippines, although potato cultivation in the northern part of Luzon has been reported to be plagued by this nematode, no intensive study on its characterization has been done yet. In this study, morphological and molecular analyses were employed to characterize the golden potato cyst nematode present in the country, particularly those collected from Bauko, Mt. Province. Morphological verification through perineal region analysis showed a circumfenestrate vulval and a non-fenestrate anal region, typical of Globodera spp. Morphometrics of second-stage juveniles is also consistently identified with published descriptions of Globodera rostochiensis including the type specimen. Here, the DNA barcodes based on the ITS rDNA, 28S rDNA, and COI gene of the local population of G. rostochiensis were generated. Identity mining of the barcode sequences revealed an identical match to deposited ITS1, 28S, and COI gene sequences of G. rostochiensis with GenBank accession numbers, LC310801.1, MK311329.1, and MT240262.1, respectively. The generated barcode sequences from this study were deposited in NCBI GenBank Database with accession numbers ON739171-ON739173 for ITS, ON739174-ON739176 for 28S, and OQ195126-OQ195128 for COI. Phylogenetic analyses based on three markers yielded phylograms that grouped BMP isolates with other G. rostochiensis accessions in one clade. This study is the first to generate comprehensive morphological data and DNA barcodes for G. rostochiensis in the Philippines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species, Diacyclops dyabdar sp. nov. from the Diacyclops crassicaudis (Sars, 1863) species group from northern Middle Siberia, is described. This species is interesting from an ecological point of view, as it lives mainly in watercourses. It is well-distinguished from other species of the group by the presence of spinules on the first segments of the third and fourth pairs of swimming legs, details of the ornamentation on the fourth pair of legs and caudal rami. A detailed comparison of the new species and D. crassicaudis is presented. Molecular markers, including cytochrome c oxidase (COI) of mtDNA and 18S rRNA, ITS1 and ITS2 of nuclear DNA were obtained for a single female of D. dyabdar sp. nov. A morphometric analysis of species and subspecies of the D. crassicaudis group was carried out. It showed slight differences between the described subspecies and some species. On this basis, the subspecies D. crassicaudis, as well as D. iranicus Pesce & Maggi, 1982 and D. fontinalis Naidenow, 1969, are synonymized with the subspecies type. A more precise diagnosis of the D. crassicaudis group is indicated. This group now includes six species. The taxonomic position of several questionable taxa of Diacyclops Kiefer, 1927 described from Iran is discussed: D. landei Mahoon & Zia, 1985; D. bicuspidatus jurenei Najam-un-Nisa, Mahoon & Irfan Khan, 1987; D. landei richardi Parveen, Mahoon & Saleem, 1988 and D. jurenei Parveen, Mahoon & Saleem, 1988. These taxa are accepted as nomen dubium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study focuses on the Upper Awash basin’s morphometric parameters to understand the watershed’s hydrologic characters with respect to soil erosion conservation. A correlation analysis based on a weighted sum approach was adopted to address the objectives of this research. The drainage patterns were extracted from SRTM-DEM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission-digital elevation model), and ‘Stahler’s method’ was adopted to determine the stream order. The standardized formulas were employed to calculate about 23 different morphometric parameters. The Upper Awash basin (Koka) has been classified into six watersheds (WS-1 to WS-6). There are eleven selected variables, namely bifurcation ratio (Rb), drainage/stream frequency (Fs), drainage density (Dd), texture ratio (T), drainage texture (If), length of overland flow (Lo), form factor (Ff), shape factor (Bs), elongation ratio (Re), compact coefficient (CC) and circularity ratio (Rc) were used for prioritization ranking and categorization. The study has inferred four categories: very high, high, medium, and low, using the quartile statistical method and weighted compound value. Soil erosion is a major concern in watersheds composed of weak igneous rocks such as ignimbrite and holocene sediments such as limestone, conglomerate, sand, silt, and clay. Hence, three watersheds (WS-4, WS-5, and WS-6) with 53 % of the area have been identified as having strong soil erosion potential, representing very high and high categories requiring immediate conservation measures. Soil erosion conservation efforts and water resource management initiatives will benefit greatly from this effort. In addition, this study confirms that environmental studies utilizing a statistical approach based on GIS (geographical information system) are highly beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]