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Here, synthesis and characterization of TiO2 with different morphologies along with the cost-effective bimetallic decoration on optimized 3D self-assembled nanowire TiO2 (NWT) photocatalyst (Ag/Cu-NWT) with overwhelming hydrogen production rate is reported. All the photocatalysts were well characterized by different characterization techniques. Initially, the effect of morphology change obtained by changing the NaOH concentration has been studied for TiO2. Morphology obtained at 10 M NaOH solution, i.e., NWT (678 μmol/g), showed better hydrogen production than morphology obtained at 5 M (410 μmol/g), 15 M (210 μmol/g), and 20 M (160 μmol/g) NaOH solutions. Further, with the aim to achieve comparable or better activity low-cost photocatalyst as compared to Pt-TiO2 system, NWT was decorated with various Cu percentages and then with a minimal percentage of Ag on an optimized Cu-NWT photocatalyst. The observed trend for photocatalytic hydrogen production has been found to be P25 TiO2 < NWT < 1.0Cu-NWT < 0.5Pt-NWT ≤ 0.1Ag/1.0Cu-NWT. The marked increase by a factor of 103 in hydrogen production for the optimized bimetallic 0.1Ag/1.0Cu-NWT (10,184 μmol/g) photocatalyst compared to P25 TiO2 (99 μmol/g), nearly threefold increment in hydrogen production than an optimized 1.0 Cu-NWT (3907 μmol/g) photocatalyst and comparable hydrogen production as compared to 0.5Pt-NWT (10,050 μmol/g) may be attributed to the successful synthesis of a highly porous NWT morphology, which offers large surface area, increased light absorption combined with the synergistic effects of surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and the Schottky barrier for H+ reduction to H2 gas. The optimization of TiO2 morphology and an inexpensive bimetallic decoration strategy opens up promising opportunities for the development of cost-effective photocatalysts in the realm of energy and environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The parathyroid glands have great importance in the human physiology and anatomy due to that produce hormones necessary for growth and body functions. Materials and Methods: the parathyroid gland samples were collected from S. anomalus from 5 adult animals (males) from Baghdad Governorate's local markets, The specimens were fixed using formalin (10%), and the samples were washed well using ethyl alcohol (70%) for the removal of the fixative solution, and then specimens were dehydrated in ascending grades of ethyl alcohol (70%, 80%, 90%, 100%). Xylene was used to clear the samples which were placed in paraffin wax in an oven at 58-60° C . The prepared sections were stained using Haris Haematoxlin and Eosin (H&E) stains & Masson trichrome (MTC). Results: This study has proven the presence of two pairs of parathyroid glands in S. anomalus, which is located in contact with the thyroid gland and occupies two sites within its tissue, an apical site as well as embedded within the thyroid tissue. The gland appears as an oval or irregularly shaped lobe which thin connective tissue capsule surrounds and is an extension of the thyroid capsule, and septa extend from it to the internal tissue, dividing it into incomplete lobules. In addition, the capsule consists of collagen fibers, elastic fibers, a few reticular fibers, and nuclei of smooth muscle fibers. Histologically, the parathyroid gland consists of three types of cells: chief cells, which are the most common, oxphill cells, and water clear cells. These two types of cells are arranged in the form of columns or cell cords In this study, While the third type of cells are water clear cells, which is the few cell in comparison to the other types. Conclusion: The parathyroid glands are located on both sides of the thyroid glands in adult males of the S. anomalus. A connective tissue capsule surrounds parathyroid glands, and their internal histological structure consists of three cell kinds: chief, Oxphill, and water clear cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sanguinoderma (Ganodermataceae) is recognized as a valuable medicinal resource in Taiwan, China. Additionally, it serves as a traditional folk medicine for treating neurotic epilepsy in Malaysia. This study involved the collection of six specimens of Sanguinoderma from Yunnan Province, China. Employing multigene phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences, including internal transcribed spacer (ITS), nuclear large subunit (LSU), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α), mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU), nuclear small subunit (nSSU) and morphological examinations, three new species, viz. Sanguinoderma concentricum, S. dehongense and S. ovisporum, are introduced. Sanguinoderma concentricum is characterized by a central stipe basidiomata, an orbicular to suborbicular pileus, a grayish-yellow surface with alternating concentric zones and wavy margin-like petals and regular pileipellis cells (4–8 × 17–28 μm). Sanguinoderma dehongense is characterized by a long stipe and flabelliform basidiomata, a dark-grayish yellow-to-dark-yellow pileus surface, irregular pileipellis cells and wavy margin and ellipsoid basidia (8–11 × 9–13 μm). Sanguinoderma ovisporum is characterized by a reniform basidiomata, a heterogeneous context and ovoid basidiospores (7.5–8.6 × 5.5–7.2 µm). A detailed description and illustrations of these new species are provided, as well as a morphological comparison with similar taxa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Step pools are micro-geomorphology hosted in gullies which are closely related to the channel erosion rate and hydraulic characteristics of runoff. These features are widely developed in the Yuanmou dry-hot Valley area of the Central Yunnan Plateau, China. In this paper, the morphological characteristics of different types of step pools in the Yuanmou dry-hot Valley were analyzed using analysis of variance and cluster analyses. The results show that: (1) step pools can be divided into differential, bedrock, barrier, and sub-erosion step pools based on the environment of development; the bedrock and differential step pools develop on a large scale, while barrier and sub-erosion step pools develop on a small scale; (2) the width and depth of the step, the height of the step, the width of the pool, and the depth of the step of the differential type, bedrock type, and sub-erosion type step pools exhibited a significant positive correlation (P < 0.01); the height of the step and the depth of the pool of the barrier type step pools were significantly negatively correlated with the height of the step and the concave hole depth of the sub-erosion type (P < 0.01); (3) the differential type and undercurrent type step pools were seriously eroded. The study of the types and morphologies of gully step pools in the Yuanmou dry-hot Valley helps understand the formation and evolution mechanisms of erosion gullies and provides a scientific basis for monitoring and controlling soil erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wet chemical synthesis and a green synthesis approach have been used to produce magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles. A floral extract of Madhuca longifolia (M. longifolia/mahua) was used as a reducing agent for magnesium nitrate hexahydrate and magnesium acetate tetrahydrate. Three different concentrations of floral extracts were used, along with two different concentrations of metal precursors. This study was designed to observe the influence of varying parameters on the particle size and shape of MgO nanoparticles. A Taguchi robust design approach was used to identify the factors that contribute most to the particle size and distribution of magnesium oxide nanoparticles, as well as the conditions that have the greatest impact. According to Taguchi analysis, the concentration of the metal precursor had the greatest influence on the size of the MgO nanoparticles. UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analyses were conducted to demonstrate the effective synthesis of MgO nanoparticles. The findings showed a variety of nanoparticle morphologies and a cubic crystal structure with high purity MgO nanoparticle content. Additionally, the FTIR analysis reveals that floral extracts were actively involved in the synthesis process. It was determined that the average size of all 12 samples ranged between 30 and 100 nm. To investigate the antimicrobial activity of synthesized MgO nanoparticles, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used. The majority of the samples were found to be appropriately inhibitory against both microbial strains; average zones of inhibition were also noted, along with the determination of the best sample's minimum inhibitory concentration for both microorganisms. This is the first attempt to explore the effects of different factors on the structural morphology of MgO nanoparticles using mahua flower extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incorporating natural industrial waste as a reinforcement for the development of sustainable composite is now being extensively practiced to eliminate harmful synthetic fiber. This study exhaustively evaluated the potential of tasar silk fiber waste (TSFW) as a reinforcing agent in a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix to optimize the physical, mechanical, and wear properties. Therefore, PLA-based biocomposites with varying TSFW proportions (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 by weight) are manufactured and then evaluated for physical (density, voids, water absorption), mechanical (tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness), and sliding wear properties. Results suggested that water uptake of PLA composites increases with the addition of TSFW and becomes saturated after nine days of immersion. The TSFW reinforcement at 8 wt% in PLA yields 32 % and 22 % improvement in tensile strength (66.2 MPa) and flexural strength (103.2 MPa), respectively. A remarkable improvement was observed in the impact strength at similar reinforcement (8 wt%) of TSFW with the observed value of 27.90 kJ/m2. A continuous increase in hardness was obtained by including TSFW in PLA, with the highest value of 86 Shore D recorded for 10 wt% TSFW added biocomposite. The specific wear rate of all samples increased, but the incorporation of TSFW significantly reduced the same. Microscopic examination suggests that microploughing, microcutting and groove formations were the main mechanism of material removal. After examining the results, it is recommended that TSFW be used in bidirectional mat form for further enhancement of mechanical properties and improved bonding between fiber and matrix.

Deficiency of fumarate hydratase (FH) protein expression in uterine corpus leiomyomas may be attributable to either germline or somatic mutations of the FH gene, the former being definitional for the hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer syndrome. The authors assess whether, using previously reported FH-associated morphologic features, FH protein-deficient uterine corpus leiomyomas associated with a pathogenic germline mutations of the FH gene (group 1) are distinguishable from FH protein-deficient uterine corpus leiomyomas without such mutations (and whose FH protein loss is presumed to be attributable to somatic/epigenetic inactivation or other unknown phenomena: group 2). Groups 1 and 2 were compared regarding a variety of clinicopathologic features, including 7 core "FH-associated" tumoral morphologic features: staghorn vasculature; alveolar-type edema; bizarre nuclei; chain-like tumor nuclei; hyaline cytoplasmic globules; prominent nucleoli, intranuclear inclusions, and perinucleolar halos; and prominent eosinophilic/fibrillary cytoplasm. Among 2418 patients diagnosed with uterine corpus leiomyoma during the study period, FH-associated morphologic features were reported in 1.5% (37 patients), and FH immunohistochemistry was performed in 29 (1.19%). Fourteen (48.27%) of the 29 patients showed FH protein deficiency by immunohistochemistry. Twelve patients underwent germline testing, of which 8 (66.7%) were classified as group 1 and 4 (33.3%) as group 2. FH protein-deficient tumors were larger (10.44 vs 4.08 cm, P = 0.01) and associated with younger patients (42.05 vs 47.97, P = 0.004) than 370 randomly selected uterine leiomyoma controls. Groups 1 and 2 showed no significant differences in patient age and tumor size. In group 1 tumors, the FH-associated morphologic features were generally present diffusely; all group 1 tumors displayed ≥5 FH-associated features, whereas all group 2 tumors displayed <5 FH-associated features (means 6.5 ± 0.53 vs 3.5 ± 1.00, P < 0.001). Notably, eosinophilic/fibrillary cytoplasm and alveolar-type edema were each significantly more prevalent in group 1 tumors than group 2 tumors (P = 0.018 for both). No single morphologic feature was found to be completely sensitive and specific in making the distinction between group 1 and 2 tumors. Our findings suggest that groups 1 and 2 are unlikely to be morphologically distinguishable by individual morphologic features. Whether there is a combination of features that can reliably make this distinction is unclear and will require additional studies with larger cohorts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Insects that undergo complete metamorphosis, collectively known as Holometabola, are the most successful lineage of living organism, including about 830,000 species. Understanding the intricate relationships among the major groups of holometabolous insects is a critical task in systematic biology, particularly given their immense diversity. This research analyzed the wing base structure of Holometabola using comparative morphology to further clarify several crucial relationship nodes within Holometabola. Morphological data were selected from both the forewing base and hindwing base, comprising fifty-three discrete characters. Many phylogenetic relationship nodes among Holometabola were recovered exclusively using the wing base structure. Our research further highlights the efficacy of wing base morphology data in understanding insect phylogeny and evolution. Phylogenetic relationships among Holometabola have been the subject of controversy. The value of the wing base structure in phylogenetic analysis has been demonstrated but remains largely underexplored and scarce in studies of Holometabola. We studied the phylogenetic relationships among Holometabola (excluding Siphonaptera), focusing exclusively on wing base structure. Cladistic assessments were conducted using 53 morphological data points derived from the bases of both the forewing and hindwing. The results of wing base data revealed a sister relationship between Hymenoptera and remaining orders. The sister-group relationships between Strepsiptera and Coleoptera, Mecoptera and Diptera, Trichoptera and Lepidoptera, and Neuropterida and Coleopterida were corroborated. In Neuropterida, our results recovered the sister relationship between Megaloptera and Neuroptera, as well as the monophyly of Megaloptera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vomeronasal organ (VNO) is located in the anteroinferior part of the nose and the accessory olfactory organ in mammals which is responsible of sense of smell. This study aims to compare the macro and microanatomical structure of the VNO between sheep and dogs. In the current study, we used ten adult slaughtered sheep and ten adult synchronized dogs with different sexes ages 1-2 years. The head of both animals were preserved in 10 % formalin for one week. This study shows in both animals, the VNO occupies the same position in the cavity of the vomer bone and the same relationship in the cranial part of the nasal cavity. Furthermore, the VNO is divided into three parts based on shape that are the rostral, central, and caudal part. The results show the VNO in sheep has a (U) shape and is opened dorsolaterally. It has a small and narrow cavity. It is long 6 cm long, and it has different diameters on its course. In comparison, the vomeronasal organ in dogs is very developed and has a (J) shape. It has a large and long cavity and ends at the fourth molar. Its length is about 10 cm, and it has one diameter on its course. The VNO receives the blood supply from the sphenopalatine and caudal palatine arteries. The present study shows main differences between sheep and dogs VNO in which the structure of vomeronasal bone between the sheep and dog is completely different. The finding will illustrate fundamental differences and provide specific structural differences between the two species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The hand motor cortex (HMC) is a reliable anatomical landmark for identifying the precentral gyrus. The current study aimed to investigate the morphology of HMC on axial MRI of glioma patients, propose a new morphological classification of HMC and analyze the effect of tumors on the morphology of HMC. Methods: A retrospective study of 276 adult right-handed glioma patients was conducted. The morphology of HMC was assessed using T2 axial images. Subsequently, the distribution of morphological subtypes was compared between the bilateral hemispheres and the tumor-affected and healthy hemispheres. Finally, the influence of tumor pathology on the morphology of HMC was investigated. Results: A new morphological classification of HMC with four subtypes (Ω, ε, Ω-ε and ε-Ω) was proposed. No significant difference was identified in the distribution of morphological subtypes between the bilateral hemispheres (p = 0.0901, Chi-square test), or between the tumor-affected and healthy hemispheres (p = 0.3507, Chi-square test), and the morphology of HMC between the bilateral hemispheres were consistent (p

Massive localized lymphedema (MLL) is a rare disease caused by the obstruction of lymphatic vessels with specific clinical morphological and radiological characteristics. People with morbid obesity are mainly affected by MLL. Lymphedema is easily confused with soft tissue sarcoma and requires differential diagnosis, both the possibility of an MLL and also carcinoma manifestations in the soft tissues. The possible causes of massive lymphedema include trauma, surgery, and hypothyroidism. This report is the first case of MLL treated surgically in the Russian Federation. Detailed computed tomography (CT) characteristics and an electron microscope picture of MLL are discussed. A 50-year-old woman (body mass index of 43 kg/m2) with MLL arising from the anterior abdominal wall was admitted to the hospital for surgical treatment. Its mass was 22.16 kg. A morphological study of the resected mass confirmed the diagnosis of MLL. We review etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of MLL. We also performed an electron-microscopic study that revealed interstitial Cajal-like cells telocytes not previously described in MLL cases. We did not find similar findings in the literature. It is possible that the conduction of an ultrastructural examination of MLL tissue samples will further contribute to the understanding of MLL pathogenesis.

This study provides a detailed description of Adoretus hirsutus (Ohaus, 1914) (Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae), as a first record in Iraq. Between March and July 2022, we collected specimens from various weed flowers in different locations within the Erbil Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. According to molecular analysis, Adoretus hirsutus was used as a source of samples for PCR amplification of the fragments (710 bp) of the mtCOI gene for phylogenetic analysis. To compare the nucleotide sequence with those of other insect species, a section of the mtCOI gene from the collected insect was aligned with the NCBI GenBank database using the BLAST tool. The BLAST results showed that the second record in the NCBI GenBank identity of insects. The COI sequence of Adoretus hirsutus was submitted to GenBank with accession numbers OQ4288117, OQ428818, and OQ428819. The morphological diagnostic characteristics of the species are; Labrum nearly cup shaped, lateral margins moderately concave with a row of small spines, median apical projection overhanging the mentum. Mandibles irregular shaped, apically with single oval shaped tooth. Terminal maxillary palpomere 1.5 times as long as the 2nd. Antenna brown, consisting of 10 antennomeres ending in a unilateral three lamellated club, equal in length. Outer margin of fore tibia with three acute teeth. Aedagaeus moderately curved, parameres elongated oval, apical part is very acute. Some important parts such as labrum, mandible, antenna, fore legs, elytra, pygidium and male genitalia have been photographed.

Purpose. Obtaining extracranial diffuse tumor foci of glioblastoma in Balb/c Nude mice by implantation of mitochondria isolated from human glioblastoma.Material and methods. Human glioblastoma mitochondria were isolated using differential centrifugation in a high speed refrigerated centrifuge. Mitochondrial samples were diluted with 0.9 % NaCl solution to a protein concentration of 3 mg of protein in 0.4 ml of saline. Balb/c Nude mice (N = 6) were intraperitoneally transplanted with freshly isolated glioblastoma mitochondria at the rate of 3 mg of protein per 1 animal in 0.4 ml of physiological solution. Male mice of Balb/c Nude line (N = 4), which were injected once intraperitoneally with 0.4 ml of physiological solution, served as control. All animals were euthanized by guillotine decapitation 17-21 days aſter parenteral implantation of mitochondria isolated from glioblastoma.Results. Specific changes in the spleen structure were revealed (N = 4): the formation of strands of cells resembling glioblastoma multi-forme was observed in multiple fields of vision. The initiation of diffuse growth of glioblastoma cells in the stromal part of the red pulp of the spleen was evidenced by the expression of GFAP and ki-67, which were also recorded in the tumor preparation of the patient with glioblastoma. Morphological examination of the mesentery and lymph nodes revealed multiple areas with atypical cells resembling glioblastoma multiforme, localized in fibrous septa and sinuses. Stained granules with the corresponding immunohistochemical profile, GFAP and ki-6, were clearly defined in the mesentery and lymph node of a Balb/c Nude mouse (N = 6) aſter transplantation of human glioblastoma mitochondria. An additional study of the immunophenotype of cells in the spleen, mesentery, and lymph nodes of Balb/c Nude mice by the generally accepted marker S100 leſt no doubt about the induction of malignant growth aſter transplantation of mitochondria isolated from human glioblastoma.Conclusions. Parenteral implantation of mitochondria isolated from human glioblastoma in male Balb/c Nude mice Might cause the growth and development of extracranial foci of glioblastoma in animals.

Sanguinoderma (Ganodermataceae) is recognized as a valuable medicinal resource in Taiwan, China. Additionally, it serves as a traditional folk medicine for treating neurotic epilepsy in Malaysia. This study involved the collection of six specimens of Sanguinoderma from Yunnan Province, China. Employing multigene phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences, including internal transcribed spacer (ITS), nuclear large subunit (LSU), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α), mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU), nuclear small subunit (nSSU) and morphological examinations, three new species, viz. Sanguinoderma concentricum, S. dehongense and S. ovisporum, are introduced. Sanguinoderma concentricum is characterized by a central stipe basidiomata, an orbicular to suborbicular pileus, a grayish-yellow surface with alternating concentric zones and wavy margin-like petals and regular pileipellis cells (4–8 × 17–28 μm). Sanguinoderma dehongense is characterized by a long stipe and flabelliform basidiomata, a dark-grayish yellow-to-dark-yellow pileus surface, irregular pileipellis cells and wavy margin and ellipsoid basidia (8–11 × 9–13 μm). Sanguinoderma ovisporum is characterized by a reniform basidiomata, a heterogeneous context and ovoid basidiospores (7.5–8.6 × 5.5–7.2 µm). A detailed description and illustrations of these new species are provided, as well as a morphological comparison with similar taxa.

This study introduces a morphological description of cotton seed bug, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis Hemiptera – Lygaeidae, which were collected in some localities of Kurdistan region- Iraq through the period of April till December of 2021. The species identified according to same diagnosed characters; mouthparts approximately dark brown. Piercing sucking type mouthpart with elongate proboscis extending in the middle of 3rd abdominal sternite. Maxilla needle shaped, slightly curved and the apical part. Labium four segmented, dark brown. Antennae nearly filamentous shaped with four antennomeres, 2nd antennomere tubular shaped, two times as long as the1st, 4th antennomere elongated oval,1.1 times as long as 3rd antennomere. Fore wings hemielytron type, the membranous part whitish color with four or five veins. Parameres nearly hook shaped. The important body parts antenna; rostrum; mouthparts, labrum, mandible, maxilla, labium; pronotum; fore wing; fore leg; eighth abdominal sternite and male genitalia were take pictures. Locations and date of collection were mentioned.

Massive localized lymphedema (MLL) is a rare disease caused by the obstruction of lymphatic vessels with specific clinical morphological and radiological characteristics. People with morbid obesity are mainly affected by MLL. Lymphedema is easily confused with soft tissue sarcoma and requires differential diagnosis, both the possibility of an MLL and also carcinoma manifestations in the soft tissues. The possible causes of massive lymphedema include trauma, surgery, and hypothyroidism. This report is the first case of MLL treated surgically in the Russian Federation. Detailed computed tomography (CT) characteristics and an electron microscope picture of MLL are discussed. A 50-year-old woman (body mass index of 43 kg/m 2) with MLL arising from the anterior abdominal wall was admitted to the hospital for surgical treatment. Its mass was 22.16 kg. A morphological study of the resected mass confirmed the diagnosis of MLL. We review etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of MLL. We also performed an electron-microscopic study that revealed interstitial Cajal-like cells telocytes not previously described in MLL cases. We did not find similar findings in the literature. It is possible that the conduction of an ultrastructural examination of MLL tissue samples will further contribute to the understanding of MLL pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, species of the genus Infundibulicybe are often confused with other taxa and misdetermined. Here we describe two newly discovered species, I. bispora and I. ellipsospora, and redescribe five known taxa of this genus present in China. These identifications are supported by both morphological and DNA-based phylogenetic evidence. Additionally, a key to all known species of Infundibulicybe is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phylogenetic relationships among Holometabola have been the subject of controversy. The value of the wing base structure in phylogenetic analysis has been demonstrated but remains largely underexplored and scarce in studies of Holometabola. We studied the phylogenetic relationships among Holometabola (excluding Siphonaptera), focusing exclusively on wing base structure. Cladistic assessments were conducted using 53 morphological data points derived from the bases of both the forewing and hindwing. The results of wing base data revealed a sister relationship between Hymenoptera and remaining orders. The sister-group relationships between Strepsiptera and Coleoptera, Mecoptera and Diptera, Trichoptera and Lepidoptera, and Neuropterida and Coleopterida were corroborated. In Neuropterida, our results recovered the sister relationship between Megaloptera and Neuroptera, as well as the monophyly of Megaloptera.

Cinnamomum tamala (bay leaf) is widely used for culinary and medicinal purposes in South Asia. A leaf blight/spot disease was first discovered on nearly 90% of C. tamala plants with a mean severity of 48% to 74.4% in Gazipur and Bogura, Bangladesh, in 2019. The present study identified and characterized the causal organism and formulated the optimum growth conditions and effective fungicides for the chemical control of the pathogen. The characteristic symptoms on the infected leaves appeared circular to oval reddish‐brown spots with raised margins and often developed in tear‐stain patterns. Severe infection of C. tamala sapling resulted in dieback symptoms with leaf defoliation. A fungus with floccose, dense, white colonies with well‐differentiated acervuli was isolated from the infected leaves. Combined cultural, morphological, and molecular characteristics identified the pathogen as Colletotrichum siamense. Inculcating healthy leaves and 1‐year‐old saplings of C. tamala with a conidial suspension of the fungus reproduced the same symptoms observed in the bay leaf orchard. The highest mycelial growth was recorded on V‐8 Juice Agar media, while the maximum radial mycelial growth and level of sporulation of the fungus were significantly higher in incubation temperature 30°C. Fungicide trials showed that carbendazim 50 WP, azoxystrobin, mancozeb, and trifloxystrobin, either singly or in combination, successfully reduced fungal mycelial growth in vitro. Therefore, disease management strategies should be opted to halt the further spread of this issue. To our knowledge, this is the first study to document the incidence of Colletotrichum leaf blight on C. tamala in Bangladesh and even in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A morphological study of the skeletal specimen of Canis lupus L. from an archeological dig of Agnano (Pisa) (Fauna Laboratory, Department of Archaeological Sciences, University of Pisa, Italy) that is chronologically placed in the Wurm period (last glaciation) was done to perform an anatomical comparison between this wild ancestor and osteological specimens of Canis familiaris L. present in the Veterinary Anatomy Museum (University of Pisa). Marked morphological differences in the splanchnocranium (nasal bone, zygomatic arch and orbital angle), neurocranium (sagittal crest) and temporomandibular joint (due to different developments of the masticatory muscles) are highlighted on the wolf specimen compared to those in the domestic dog specimens present in Museum. The appendicular skeletal bones of the wolf show anatomical features similar to those of dog bone specimens, confirming their belonging to the same family (Canidae). This result confirms that domestication has almost exclusively affected the anatomical features of the skull that have changed due to the difference in dietary approach between wolves and dogs.

A complex clinical case of acute myelomonocytic leukemia with extramedullary lesion of the testis is presented. patient yu., born in 1968, applied to the National Medical Research Centre for Oncology (Rostov-on-don) after an injury to the inguinal region. ultrasound was performed: in the right testicle in the middle third, a mass of 30 × 23 × 16 mm was revealed. A biopsy was performed: the morphological picture is characteristic of a typical seminoma. Orchofuniculectomy was performed on the right. Histopathological conclusion: the morphological picture is more characteristic of a typical seminoma, but does not allow excluding lymphoma. In order to differentiate between a germ cell tumor and a lymphoproliferative disease, an immunohistochemical study of the tumor tissue, a morphological and immunophenotypic study of the bone marrow were performed. According to the immunohistochemical data, the morphological picture and immunophenotype of tumor cells are characteristic of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma of the testis with Cd4 co-expression. However, according to the myelogram data, 20 % of morphologically heterogeneous blast cells were found: with round or bean-shaped nuclei, delicate mesh structure of chromatin, 1–2 nucleoli and a monocytoid form of nuclei with indistinct nucleoli. The cytoplasm of varying basophilia degrees, vacuolized, with delicate azurophilic granularity. The content of the monocytoid population was increased (19 %), represented mainly by promonocytes, which corresponds to acute myelomonocytic leukemia. According to flow cytometry, the immunophenotype of blast cells corresponds to acute myeloid leukemia with Cd56 co-expression. In connection with the new data obtained, the histological preparation was revised again with the expansion of the immunohistochemical study. Result: morphological picture and immunophenotype of tumor cells are characteristic of acute myelomonocytic leukemia with extramedullary lesions of the right testicular tissue. final diagnosis: acute myelomonocytic leukemia with extramedullary lesion of the right testicle, with Cd56 co-expression. The presented clinical case showed the need to use a wide range of diagnostic techniques to determine the nature of the disease. The results of morphological and cytometric studies of the bone marrow were decisive in establishing the diagnosis of M4 acute myeloid leukemia with extramedullary lesions of the right testicle in this patient.

Plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi are a serious threat in the process of crop production and cause large economic losses to global agriculture. To obtain high-antifungal-activity compounds with novel action mechanisms, a series of 4-substituted mandelic acid derivatives containing a 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety were designed and synthesized. In vitro bioassay results revealed that some compounds exhibited excellent activity against the tested fungi. Among them, the EC50 values of E13 against Gibberella saubinetii (G. saubinetii), E6 against Verticillium dahlia (V. dahlia), and E18 against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum) were 20.4, 12.7, and 8.0 mg/L, respectively, which were highly superior to that of the commercialized fungicide mandipropamid. The morphological studies of G. saubinetii with a fluorescence microscope (FM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) indicated that E13 broke the surface of the hyphae and destroyed cell membrane integrity with increased concentration, thereby inhibiting fungal reproduction. Further cytoplasmic content leakage determination results showed a dramatic increase of the nucleic acid and protein concentrations in mycelia with E13 treatment, which also indicated that the title compound E13 could destroy cell membrane integrity and affect the growth of fungi. These results provide important information for further study of the mechanism of action of mandelic acid derivatives and their structural derivatization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Sophoridine, a natural quinolizidine alkaloid with biological activities, was isolated and identified from traditional medicinal herbs. Although mosquitoes can be effectively controlled by chemical insecticides, their intense use has significantly increased the development and spread of resistant mosquitoes. Chemical insecticides have negative effects, such as potential health risks, water contamination, environmental pollution, and toxicity to nontarget organisms, including people. In this study, two series of sophoridine derivatives were generated using sophoridine as the lead compound. All derivatives were characterized and screened for their insecticidal activity against larva and adult mosquitoes. Their effects on the growth cycle of larva and their action on AChE from Aedes albopictus were also explored. Finally, morphological studies of the derivative-treated dead larvae were conducted. Two series of novel sophoridine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their anti-mosquito activity. SOP-2g, SOP-2q, and SOP-2r exhibited potential larvicidal activity against Aedes albopictus larva with LC50 values of 330.98, 430.53, and 411.09 ppm, respectively. Analysis of structure–activity relationships indicated that the oxime ester group was beneficial for improving the larvicidal biological activity, whereas the long-chain aliphatic group and fused-ring group were introduced. Furthermore, the larvicidal mechanism was also investigated based on the inhibition assay of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the morphological observation of dead larva treated with derivatives. Results indicated that the AChE inhibitory activity of the preferred three derivatives were 63.16%, 46.67%, and 35.11%, respectively, at 250 ppm concentration. Additionally, morphological evidence demonstrated that SOP-2q and SOP-2r induced changes in the larva's intestinal cavity, caudal gill, and tail, thereby displaying larvicidal action against Ae. albopictus together with AChE inhibition. Therefore, this study implied that sophoridine and its novel derivatives could be used to control the population of mosquito larva, which may also be effective alkaloids to reduce the mosquito population density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A morphological study of the skeletal specimen of Canis lupus L. from an archeological dig of Agnano (Pisa) (Fauna Laboratory, Department of Archaeological Sciences, University of Pisa, Italy) that is chronologically placed in the Wurm period (last glaciation) was done to perform an anatomical comparison between this wild ancestor and osteological specimens of Canis familiaris L. present in the Veterinary Anatomy Museum (University of Pisa). Marked morphological differences in the splanchnocranium (nasal bone, zygomatic arch and orbital angle), neurocranium (sagittal crest) and temporomandibular joint (due to different developments of the masticatory muscles) are highlighted on the wolf specimen compared to those in the domestic dog specimens present in Museum. The appendicular skeletal bones of the wolf show anatomical features similar to those of dog bone specimens, confirming their belonging to the same family (Canidae). This result confirms that domestication has almost exclusively affected the anatomical features of the skull that have changed due to the difference in dietary approach between wolves and dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The immune function of the palatine tonsils is associated with a constant proliferation of lymphocytes, therefore, the indicators of proliferation, apoptosis and anti-apoptotic activity in the palatine tonsils are quite informative for assessing their functional state and contribution to adaptive immunity. Chronic inflammation in the palatine tonsils affects their functional state. Understanding the immunocompetence of the palatine tonsils at different stages of the course of chronic tonsillitis allows the optimal tactics of treating this disease, including timely tonsillectomy.Objective. Based on the results of research and literature sources, to find a comparative characteristic of the contribution of palatine tonsils to adequate immunity, ways to assess their proliferative and anti-apoptotic activity.Materials and methods. The study included 158 patients with various forms of chronic tonsillitis and 8 patients without signs of chronic tonsillitis, who were divided into 4 study groups, in accordance with the clinical classification of chronic tonsillitis according to B.S. Preobrazhensky and V.T. Palchun. The tissue samples of the palatine tonsils obtained from patients were examined immunohistochemically in an automatic mode using markers of Ki67 proliferation and Bcl2 antiapoptosis.Results. When conducting an immunohistochemical study with markers of proliferation and anti-apoptosis, an increase in the proliferative and anti-apoptotic activity of lymphoid tissue cells in chronic tonsillitis of a simple form was revealed, and a significant decrease in these indicators in chronic tonsillitis of toxic-allergic forms of I and II stage.Conclusions. Data were obtained on the planned tonsillectomy in chronic tonsillitis of the toxic-allergic form of II degree, as well as in case of ineffectiveness of conservative therapy of tonsillitis of toxic-allergic form of I degree.

The present study aimed to determine the magnetic susceptibility of roadside dust collected from different parts of Kolkata city, West Bengal, India. The average value of susceptibility was 4.96 × 10-6 m³/kg, the highest being 19.6 × 10-6 m³/kg and the lowest being 1.2 × 10-6 m³/kg. The frequency-dependent susceptibility value (average = 2.19) indicated the dominance of stable-single domain grains with a low concentration of superparamagnetic grains at a few locations. SEM analysis showed morphological diversity of road dust - irregular, aggregate, angular and cloudy. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis of the dust particles revealed that Ca-rich, Narich and Fe-rich particles were abundant. Compositions were variable with the morphology. The mapping of magnetic susceptibility indicated that the susceptibility values were higher in areas with heavy vehicular traffic and other polluting sources. However, some areas with high pollution had open spaces, indicating the dispersion of magnetic pollutants. The study indicated the degradation of the environment due to anthropogenic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective　MRI scanning technique was used to measure the thickness of the anterior and posterior angles of the medial and lateral compartments of the knee joint in normal adults，so as to provide technical means and parameters for the design of total knee replacement prosthesis and the optimization of artificial meniscus design. Methods　The imaging data of MRI scanning of unilateral knee joint of adult patients in Yunnan Traditional Chinese medicine hospital from January 2020 to June 2022 were randomly selected. 248 cases without knee edema， obvious degeneration of meniscus，meniscus injury and tear in MRI films were taken as samples，including 137 women， 111 men， 18-80 years old， with a median age of 50 years. The sagittal MRI films of knee joint were observed， Three senior clinicians measured the meniscus anterior and posterior angle thickness of the medial compartment of the knee joint and the meniscus anterior and posterior angle thickness of the lateral compartment of the knee joint， and the average of the three measurements was taken as the final measurement result. The measurement results were statistically analyzed by spss27.0 statistical software package. Results　The thickness of anterior horn of meniscus in the medial compartment was （ 3.65 ± 0.93） mm； the thickness of posterior horn of meniscus in the medial compartment was （ 5.25 ± 1.17） mm； the thickness of anterior horn of meniscus in the lateral compartment was （4.82 ± 1.08）mm；the thickness of posterior horn of lateral in the lateral compartmentwas （6.89 ± 1.03）mm. The t test of two independent samples showed that the thickness of the posterior angle of meniscus in the medial compartment was statistically significant between men and women （ P < 0.05） . The anterior and posterior Angle thickness of the meniscus in the medial ventricle of the left and right knee joints was significantly different from that in the lateral ventricle （ P < 0.05） . According to Pearson correlation analysis， there was a correlation between the anterior angle thickness of medial interventricular meniscus and the posterior angle thickness of medial interventricular meniscus in both sexes （ P < 0.05） . There was a correlation between the thickness of anterior horn of lateral interventricular meniscus and the thickness of posterior horn of lateral interventricular meniscus in both sexes （P < 0.05） . Conclusion　In this study，MRI imaging technology was used to reveal the morphological characteristics and changes of meniscus in normal adults through the measurement of meniscus morphology，which is conducive to the design of total knee replacement prosthesis and the optimization of artificial meniscus design，so as to better guide clinical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To carry out a comparative assessment of the results of morphometric study of infectious and inflammatory focus and the density of vessels of the microcirculatory bed at different periods of laser radiation application in the postoperative treatment for experimental periostitis of the jaws. Material and methods. The experiment was performed on 56 rabbits. 54 of them had simulated acute purulent periostitis (APP) of the lower jaw. All the animals were divided into the following series. Series 1 – 12 rabbits which, after the creation of the APP model, were treated with laser therapy on the 1st, the 3rd and the 5th days after surgery. Series 2 – 16 rabbits which underwent laser therapy treatment on the 3rd, the 5th and the 7th days after surgery. Series 3 (control) – 26 rabbits which were not treated after the creation of the APP model. Series 4 – 2 animals whose jaw fragments were taken as a standard. Results. In all series 1 micropreparations, after completing the experiment the changes can be characterized as minimally residual inflammatory ones. Complex treatment of periostitis, including laser treatment, applied from the first day of the postoperative period, is effective for relieving infectious inflammation and creating optimal conditions for tissue regeneration. Conclusions. Despite the similarity of the schemes of complex postoperative treatment for experimental periostitis using the effect of laser on the focus of inflammation in series 1 and 2, it has been found that its positive influence is due to a greater degree of complementarity when used as early as possible after surgery.

Abstract In the present study, Ag/AgCl‐NPs were biosynthesised using Hypnea musciformis seaweed extract; NPs synthesis was confirmed by a change of colour and observation of a razor‐sharp peak at 424 nm by UV–visible spectroscopy. Synthesised nanoparticles were characterised by transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Bacterial cell growth inhibition proves that the Ag/AgCl‐NPs have strong antibacterial activity and cell morphological alteration was observed in treated bacterial cells using propidium iodide (PI). Ag/AgCl‐NPs inhibited Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells, colorectal cancer (HCT‐116) and breast cancer (MCF‐7) cell line in vitro with the IC50 values of 40.45, 24.08 and 36.95 μg/ml, respectively. Initiation of apoptosis in HCT‐116 and MCF‐7 cells was confirmed using PI, FITC‐annexin V and Hoechst 33342 dye. No reaction oxygen species generation was observed in both treated and untreated cell lines. A significant increase of ATG‐5 gene expression indicates the possibility of autophagy cell death besides apoptosis in MCF‐7 cells. The initiation of apoptosis in EAC cells was confirmed by observing caspase‐3 protein expression. Ag/AgCl‐NPs inhibited 22.83% and 51% of the EAC cell growth in vivo in mice when administered 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg/day (i.p.), respectively, for 5 consequent days.

Rosa transmorrisonensis Hayata and allied taxa (Rosa section Synstylae) in Taiwan was extremely controversial in classification. The marked discrepancy between previous taxonomic treatments suggests that more intensive taxonomical investigation is needed. The present study revised Rosa transmorrisonensis Hayata and allied taxa based on extensive field observation and detailed morphological comparison. Our studies revealed that stipules, styles and terminal leaflets shape are the important and good characters for classifying Taiwanese taxa. As a result, Rosa sambucina var. mushaniana Liu & Ou and R. luciae var. rosea Li are considered to be synonymous with R. pricei Hayata. Rosa multiflora var. formosana Cardot is treated as a synonym of R. transmorrisonensis Hayata. Moreover, the identity of a puzzling taxon, R. taiwanensis Nakai, which had long been misidentified as R. pricei or misapplied the name as R. multiflora, R. luciae, or R. kwangtungensis, is clarified. The present study provides key to taxa, description, distribution, and illustration for each taxon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The properties of the chemical, physical, mechanical, thermal(TG & DSC),microscopic analysis(SEM), x-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) of raw and alkali treated coconut tree primary flower leaf stalk fiber (CPFLSF) are reported for the first time in this work. Different percentages of NaOH such as 2%,4%, and 6% are used to treat the extracted fibers to explore the influence of alkali treatment over the properties of the fibers. FTIR analysis reveals that the cellulose and wax content was found to reduce while increasing the NaOH concentration. The tensile test results showed that CPFLSF treated with 6% NaOH exhibited better tensile properties in the range of 2008–2653 MPa. The XRD for the CPFLSF treated with 6% NaOH showed the crystallinity index of 40.12% crystallinity size of 27.25 nm. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that CPFLSF-6% is thermally stable up to 250°C.Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the presence of impurities over the surface of the raw fiber and found that these impurities are minimized when CPFLSF is treated with high concentration of NaOH, which leads to the enhancement of properties. The work provides a way to manufacturing a polymer matrix composite for light load automotive application.

For previous linguistic scholars, Arabic grammar consists of general comparative rules that involve oral language texts. A special condition applies to these texts, such as having fluency, having the same samples in the language as examples, having usage in Arabic culture, and having been widely used to represent the Arabic language’s general grammar rules strongly. This study not only focuses on former Arabic linguistics and their opinions about verbal patterns such as fa ̒aal, fu ̒all, fi ̒aal, and fa ̒aali, but also gives extraordinary examples from the Quran and poets that former linguists have used as examples of morphology. In addition, other linguists have indicated Sibawayh’s optimality theory about verbal patterns for speaking performance and morphological structure to be acceptable. This study also aims using descriptive analysis to explain Arabic verbal patterns and their usage in the Arabic language, such as with fa ̒aal, fu ̒all, fi ̒aal, and fa ̒aali through examples from Quranic verses and poems in order to explain the topic. A shift of meaning is indicated to have occurred in these verbal patterns from their original meanings to figurative meanings in terms of the convergence and divergence of meaning. Moreover, the study examines the signs of verbal patterns as a form and fundamental. For example, former Arabic linguists such as Sibawayh, al-Suyûtî, Ibn al-Sarrāj, and Ibn ̒Aqîl were determined to have their own opinions about the fa ̒aal verbal patterns in Arabic such as how these verbal patterns formed, their lack of morphological derivation, and their usage of Arabic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coral-killing sponge, Terpios hoshinota, has great potential to cover corals and threaten coral reefs. This sponge has numerous endosymbiotic cyanobacterial cells, silicate spicules in the tissue, and particles on the tissue surface, which could have an important role in the growth and defense of the sponge. However, little is known about the morphological traits of these components. Here we report the estimated density measurements of cyanobacteria by grinding the coral branch covered by the sponge without sponge tissue remains. Density was estimated to be 1.2 × 107 cells cm-2. We also obtained the densities for the spicules and particles which were 4.7x105 cm-2 and 1.3×106 cm-2, respectively. The spicule length of the Sesoko sample was shorter than those reported in previous studies. Size frequency distribution of the particles was measured for the first time, showing that the sponge selected silt-size particles with a mean size of 22.3 µm. We conclude that this study provides basic information on measuring the important components of T. hoshinota and is useful for comparing the measurements of those components in other coral reefs overgrown by this coral-killing sponge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since their invention, confocal microscopy and super-resolution microscopy have become important choices in cell biology research. Macropinocytosis is a critical form of endocytosis. Deformation of the cell membrane is thought to be closely related to the movement of F-actin during macropinocytosis. However, it is still unclear how the morphology of F-actin and the membrane change during this process. In this study, confocal microscopy was utilized for macroscopic time-series imaging of the cell membranes and F-actin in cells induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SIM), which can overcome the diffraction limit, was used to demonstrate the morphological characteristics of F-actin filaments. Benefiting from the advantages of SIM in terms of resolution and 3D imaging, we speculated on the regular pattern of the deformation of F-actin during macropinocytosis. The detailed visualization of structures also helped to validate the speculation regarding the role of F-actin filaments in macropinocytosis in previous studies. The results obtained in this study will provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying macropinocytosis and endocytosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlight • Identification of Morphological characteristic of the Bolbosoma sp. • Genetic confirmation of the specific species of Bolbosoma turbinella. • The first report in Straits of Malacca. • Health status of Sei Whale (Balaenoptera borealis). Abstract The study of ectoparasite and endoparasites of marine mammals are not habitually done because some species are endangered and protected by law. A stranded Sei Whale, Balaenoptera borealis (Anderson, 1878) from the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia was examined for endoparasites. The objective of this study is to identify the species of acanthocephalan in the intestine of the Sei Whale found in the straits of Malacca. A total of ten parasite specimens were collected from the fresh intestine, and were fixed in 10% buffered formalin for further histological procedures. The morphological features of this parasite viewed under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) are referred to as the proboscis armature and variations in the spination of the area between the anterior and posterior cephalic bulb. Genomic DNA extracted by using QIAGEN DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit DNA and sequenced with First Base Sequencer showed that this species belonged to Bolbosoma turbinella. This was the first record of a sei whale carrying the endoparasites Bolbosoma turbinella, in Malaysian waters.

Objective. The study aimed to compare the level of INF a2 immunoexpression in tissues obtained during medical abortion with the corresponding level of IFNa2 expression in a retained fetal egg tissues after the first missed abortion. The authors compared the anamnestic data on previous inflammatory diseases of the genital tract with the results of an extended morphological study of the material obtained during the evacuation of the contents of the uterine cavity during the first non-developing pregnancy in the first trimester.Materials and methods. The study included 15 patients with first-time missed abortions caused by a viral infection (6-8 weeks of pregnancy). All patients demonstrated either recurrent herpes simplex labialis/genitalis or PCR confirmed HSV, HPV, CMV. Exclusion criteria were recurrent miscarriage, blighted ovum, endocrinopathies, male factor infertility, and other causes of miscarriage. The comparison group included 20 women of the same age that chose to undergo a medical abortion.Results. In patients from the comparison group, the main producer of IFN a2 was syncytiotrophoblast as well as maternal decidual cells in the parietal endometrium and uteroplacental area. In the main group, manifested hematogenous infection (microabscesses, vasculitis, lymphocytic and macrophage infiltration) with dystrophy and necrosis of decidual maternal cells and secondary pathological changes in the placental villi were diagnosed, which led to a significant decrease in the IFN a2 immunoexpression in all the studied cells.Conclusion. The lack of anamnestic data on previous urogenital infections does not exclude the etiological role of the inflammatory component in the genesis of non-developing pregnancy. First-time occurred pregnancy loss requires adequate postoperative interferon therapy and a thorough examination of a couple.

Plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi are a serious threat in the process of crop production and cause large economic losses to global agriculture. To obtain high-antifungal-activity compounds with novel action mechanisms, a series of 4-substituted mandelic acid derivatives containing a 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety were designed and synthesized. In vitro bioassay results revealed that some compounds exhibited excellent activity against the tested fungi. Among them, the EC50 values of E13 against Gibberella saubinetii (G. saubinetii), E6 against Verticillium dahlia (V. dahlia), and E18 against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum) were 20.4, 12.7, and 8.0 mg/L, respectively, which were highly superior to that of the commercialized fungicide mandipropamid. The morphological studies of G. saubinetii with a fluorescence microscope (FM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) indicated that E13 broke the surface of the hyphae and destroyed cell membrane integrity with increased concentration, thereby inhibiting fungal reproduction. Further cytoplasmic content leakage determination results showed a dramatic increase of the nucleic acid and protein concentrations in mycelia with E13 treatment, which also indicated that the title compound E13 could destroy cell membrane integrity and affect the growth of fungi. These results provide important information for further study of the mechanism of action of mandelic acid derivatives and their structural derivatization.

PAN and PAN/g-C 3 N 4 nanofibers were fabricated using the electrospinning technique. Meanwhile, g-C 3 N 4 nanoflakes were synthesized using the thermal decomposition technique. The challenge of reusing powder catalysts was ultimately surmounted due to the use of dispersed g-C 3 N 4. Characterization of the as-fabricated PAN/g-C 3 N 4 NFs was performed employing wide-angle powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–Vis spectrophotometry (UV–Vis), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms (BET) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). According to morphological studies, g-C 3 N 4 nanoflakes get uniformly decorated over PAN fibers with a greater specific surface area and smaller band gap than g-C 3 N 4 , exhibiting maximal uniformity in dispersion. Under solar light irradiation, PAN (71%), g-C 3 N 4 (84%), and PAN/g-C 3 N 4 nanofibers (95%) showed excellent photocatalytic performances for the degradation of Methyl orange dye (MO) in 120 min with 95% degradation. Similarly, PAN (61%), g-C 3 N 4 (72%), and PAN/g-C 3 N 4 nanofibers (91%) showed photocatalytic performances for the degradation of Congo red dye (CR) in 160 min with 91% degradation. This effective degradation was due to a shift in band gap with high porosity of PAN/g-C 3 N 4 NFs compared to pure materials such as PAN and g-C 3 N 4. [Display omitted] • PAN and PAN/g-C 3 N 4 nanofibers were fabricated and drawn using the electrospinning technique. • g-C 3 N 4 nanoflakes were synthesized using the thermal decomposition technique. • g-C 3 N 4 flakes get uniformly decorated over PAN fibers. • PAN/g-C 3 N 4 nanofibers degraded MO (95%) in 120 min and CR (91%) in 160 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, Ag/AgCl‐NPs were biosynthesised using Hypnea musciformis seaweed extract; NPs synthesis was confirmed by a change of colour and observation of a razor‐sharp peak at 424 nm by UV–visible spectroscopy. Synthesised nanoparticles were characterised by transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Bacterial cell growth inhibition proves that the Ag/AgCl‐NPs have strong antibacterial activity and cell morphological alteration was observed in treated bacterial cells using propidium iodide (PI). Ag/AgCl‐NPs inhibited Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells, colorectal cancer (HCT‐116) and breast cancer (MCF‐7) cell line in vitro with the IC50 values of 40.45, 24.08 and 36.95 μg/ml, respectively. Initiation of apoptosis in HCT‐116 and MCF‐7 cells was confirmed using PI, FITC‐annexin V and Hoechst 33342 dye. No reaction oxygen species generation was observed in both treated and untreated cell lines. A significant increase of ATG‐5 gene expression indicates the possibility of autophagy cell death besides apoptosis in MCF‐7 cells. The initiation of apoptosis in EAC cells was confirmed by observing caspase‐3 protein expression. Ag/AgCl‐NPs inhibited 22.83% and 51% of the EAC cell growth in vivo in mice when administered 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg/day (i.p.), respectively, for 5 consequent days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Until now, the problem of effective treatment of skin angiodysplasia remains relevant. To solve it and improve the results of the treatment of this vascular pathology of the skin, photodestruction by laser radiation is considered, which provides a selective effect on the skin with minimal damage to the surrounding tissues. For selective photodestruction in the treatment of angiodysplasia of the skin, one can consider laser radiation with a wavelength of 520 ± 5 nm in the "green" spectral range, located close to the absorption peaks of hemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin chromophores. An experimental study in vivo on the combs of live white chickens was carried out to clarify the features of damage and the regeneration process in the zone of exposure to this radiation. We used an experimental sample of a solid-state laser apparatus based on semiconductor diodes, generating laser radiation with a wavelength of 520 ± 5 nm. The results of an experimental study in vivo confirmed the selectivity of the effect of "green" laser radiation of 520 ± 5 nm on subepithelial vascular structures with minimal damage to the epithelium, including the area of its growth. In irradiated areas, one could see whitening and smoothing of the surface due to closure of vessel lumens in the subepithelial zone and formation of collagenosis layer there, as well as epithelialization of wound surface in physiological term without any formation of cicatricial deformation of the skin. The prospect of using "green" laser radiation of 520 ± 5 nm for the purposes of selective photodestruction of angiodysplasia of the skin, which should ensure the achievement of a good clinical and aesthetic result of treatment, has been effective for selective destruction of angiodysplasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to study some morphological and reproductional characteristics in eleven species of two genera belonging to the family of Asparagaceae, which are Bellevalia Lapeyrouse, 1808 and Ornithogalum Linnaeus, 1753 and the species are: Bellevalia chrisii Yildirim and Sahin, 2014; Bellevalia flexuosa Boissier, 1854; Bellevalia kurdistanica Feinbrun, 1940; Bellevalia longipes Post, 1895; Bellevalia macrobotrys Boissier, 1853; Bellevalia paradoxa Boissier, 1882; Bellevalia parva Wendelbo, 1973; Bellevalia saviczii Woronow, 1927; Ornithogalum brachystachys C. Koch, 1849; Ornithogalum neurostegium Boissier, 1882 and Ornithogalum pyrenaicum Linnaeus, 1753. These species were identified and compared with each other; the results showed that there were differences between the two genera in studying the shape of bulbs, length of leaves and color of the flowers. Each of them showed an important taxonomic mark to be distinguished from the studied species. Morphological studies used with some characters of the reproductive, including the shape and color of the fruits, seeds and embryos were used to diagnoses the species. Also, the current investigation was found that the characteristics of the fruit and how it was connected to the pedicels was very important in the field of taxonomic and identification the species. Two new record species were studied within the country, namely; Bellevalia chrisii and Bellevalia flexuosa; it should be noted here that the study of embryos is also one of the first studies conducted on these plants.

This article examines the plot plan of the first French city built in Algiers in the nineteenth century: the Quartier d'Isly. Between 1840 and 1900, it was built on almost virgin land with uneven and highly contrasted relief; this city remained fortified until the end of the nineteenth century. This historical context serves as a backdrop for the presentation of the morphological study results of the plot plan. Carried out on a total of 127 blocks and 744 plots, this study aims to produce a reasonably exhaustive morphological knowledge of the Quartier d'Isly urban fabric. The analysis method developed is based on a careful examination of morphological information from the urban plot plan: blocks shape and size, the blocks' inner courtyards density, plot shape and size, plot position and width on the street. The results revealed the presence of three distinct plot entities. A different organization of blocks and plots characterizes each entity. The Quartier d'Isly plot pattern is, therefore, irregular. Contrary to the usual discourse attesting to the regularity of urban fabrics produced in nineteenth-century Algeria, this study shows that the urban fabric structure in Algiers is different. It also explains the reasons for this specific organization, mainly due to the relief shape. Finally, it highlights the consequences produced at the urban, architectural and social levels. The conclusions drawn invite us to take a new and different look at the urban history of the 19th century Algiers city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim: to provide clinical and instrumental characteristics and to evaluate the morphological changes of the stomach and duodenum mucous membrane in children with comorbidity of chronic gastroduodenitis (HGD) and primary hypertension (PH). Materials and methods. 102 children aged 9–17 years with HGD and PH were examined. The first group consisted of 47 children with a combination of HGD and PН, the second group – 55 children with HGD and normal arterial pressure. Morphological study of biopsy specimens of the stomach and duodenum mucous membrane (MM) was performed in 33 children. Results. Gastroduodenoscopy showed an erythematous gastroduodenopathy in 57.4 % of children in group І and 60.0 % of children in group ІІ (P = 0.79), hypertrophic changes in the stomach and duodenal ММ – in 6.4 % of children in group І and 12.7 % of children in group II (P = 0.28), subatrophy – in 10.6 % of children in group І and 14.5 % of children in group II (P = 0.56), erosion – in 25.5 % of children in group І and 12.7 % of children in group ІІ (P = 0.1), motor-evacuation disorders – in 63.8 % of children in group І and 41.8 % of children in group ІІ (Р = 0.03). Unlike this data, the morphological study of the MM biopsy revealed a statistically significant difference in microcirculatory disturbances in the MM, namely plethora was detected in 81.3 % of children in group I and 52.9 % of children in group II (P = 0.02), severe edema was observed in 75.0 % of children in group I and 41.2 % of children in group II (P = 0.049), hemorrhages in the lamina propria – in 62.5 % of children in group I and 23.5 % of children in group II (P = 0.02), microtrombosis – in 37.5 % of children in group I and 5.9 % of children in group II (P = 0.03), as well as concerning destructive changes in the MM: micro-erosion were found in 56.3 % of children in group I and 17.6 % of children in group II (Р = 0.02), erosion – in 43.8 % of children in group І and 11.8 % of children in group II (P = 0.04). Conclusions. The combined course of HGD and PH in children is characterized by more frequent motor-evacuation and microcirculatory disorders (plethora, severe edema, hemorrhages in the lamina propria, microtrombosis), as well as more pronounced erosive changes in the MM as compared to an isolated course of HGD.

Relevance. Ectopic pregnancy is an urgent condition which may lead to intraabdominal hemorrhage and woman death. In recent years, the frequency of this pathology is significantly increasing. However, morphological changes in the fallopian tubes in patients with this disease remain understudied. Aim. To study morphological changes in the fallopian tubes in patients with ectopic pregnancy with various variants of the clinical course. Materials and methods. The morphological study included 130 patients who had laparoscopic surgery for ectopic pregnancy. Comprehensive morphological study of the fallopian tubes removed during surgery was conducted. Results and discussion. The article presents the morphological changes in the fallopian tubes in patients with ectopic pregnancy. Implantation of a fertilized egg in the fallopian tube led to significant changes in its macro- and microstructure, which were due to invasion of the chorionic villi and involved all layers of the tube wall, differing only in depth and prevalence. The most pronounced morphological changes in various segments of the tube were revealed in the endosalpinx. Conclusion. The combination of morphological changes in different layers of the tube is related to a chronic non-specific productive endomyosalpingitis with luminal deformation, which was one of the main causes of this disease development.

Purpose of the study was analysis the particulars of morphological capability of the uterine scar after the previous Caesarean section. Materials and methods. The paper presents the data of morphological study of 100 fragments of uterine scar tissue, which were divided into two groups on clinical grounds. The first group included 50 fragments of the so-called “clinically capable” scars, and the second group included 50 fragments so-called “clinically incapable” scars. Assessment of the uterine scar tissue was performed by immunohistochemical study with monoclonal antibodies, as well as Van Gieson's and Masson's stain. Study results. More pronounced structural changes of the actual muscle fibers and microcirculatory disorders were observed in form of changes in architecture and areas of myometrium tissue homogenization in the group with “clinically incapable” scars using hematoxylin and eosin stain of the uterine scar tissue. In the differentiation of fibrous connective tissue using Van Gieson's stain method in the group of "clinically incapable" scars were manifested as replacement of muscular tissue with connective tissue with the formation of discrete muscular tissue fibers, and expressed perivascular fibrosis. Degenerative-ischemic changes of uterine scar tissue were found in the group of “clinically incapable” scars using immunohistochemical study with monoclonal antibodies to α-SMA. Pathomorphological study of the uterus scar revealed that hypoxic-degenerative changes and irregularity of maturation of collagen tissue, as well as pronounced replacement of muscle tissue with connective tissue with formation of separately immersed fibers of muscle tissue took place in the “clinically incapable” group. Immunohistochemical study with monoclonal antibodies to α-SMA and to CD31 revealed the more pronounced degenerative ischemic changes in the “clinically incapable” group. Conclusions. The revealed changes in the structure of the uterine scar tissue indicate that the state of myometrium, vascular component, regenerative capacity in the “clinically incapable” group on 43.4% worse than in the “clinically capable” group, and may manifest negatively with excessive functional loading of the uterine wall during pregnancy and childbirth.

Riedel`s thyroiditis is a rare disease with an unknown etiology, which is characterized by replacement of the thyroid gland tissue with a fibrous connective tissue, the main characteristic sign is the stony-hard texture of the gland, extending to the surrounding structures (trachea, esophagus, blood vessels and nerves). Dense adhesion causes clinical symptoms of tracheal compression, such as shortness of breath, hoarseness, coughing and dyspnoea. Regarding functional activity, both euthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis with the subsequent development of hypothyroidism can be observed. A difficult preoperative diagnosis allows only to suspect this disease, as well as differentiate it with some aggressive forms of cancer, and therefore the final diagnosis is possible only after histological and immunohistochemical examinations of postoperative material. The conservative treatment (mainly glucocorticoid drugs) and surgical intervention can be applied. It is necessary to be meticulous about the choice of a treatment method, taking into account the firmly adhesion with surrounding structures and a high risk of complications of surgical treatment of the thyroid gland. This case report describes a patient with a confirmed morphological diagnosis of Riedelapos;s thyroiditis after thyroidectomy. The peculiarity of this case is a clear positive correlation of the occurrence of subfebrile fever with the onset of the disease and its resolution after surgical treatment and a 11-month follow-up period.