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Metallurgical quality of bearing steel is an important foundation and guarantees for determining the performance, accuracy, service life, and reliability of bearings. Nowadays, advances in refining technology have led to a significant increase in the cleanliness of bearing steel, and the control of large‐size carbides (primary, banded, and network carbides) has become particularly important. In this article, the recent research on large‐size carbides regarding morphology, precipitation mechanism, and control methods is reviewed. Firstly, the morphological characteristics of carbides are summarized. Primary carbides appear as blocky, lamellar, or irregular shapes, while banded carbides are distributed in bands. Network carbides mainly precipitate along the austenitic grain boundaries and aggregate to form networks. Secondly, the precipitation mechanisms of carbides are summarized. Dendritic segregation is the fundamental cause of the formation of primary and banded carbides, whereas network carbides are the supersaturation precipitation of carbon at austenite grain boundaries. Finally, methods for controlling large‐size carbides are summarized, including improving dendritic segregation, high‐temperature diffusion annealing, improving rolling and cooling processes and using magnesium or rare‐earth treatments. No single method offers sufficient carbide control, and mechanism of rare‐earth refining carbides is unknown. Thus, a comprehensive approach should be used in production to effectively regulate carbides in steel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a comparative analysis of anodization and hydrothermal techniques for synthesizing TiO2 nanotubes directly on titanium foil. It emphasizes its advantages as a substrate due to its superior conductivity and efficient charge transfer. Optimized synthesis conditions enable a thorough evaluation of the resulting nanotubes' morphology, structure, and optical properties, ultimately assessing their photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic performances. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals differences in tube diameter and organization. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows a dominant anatase (101) crystal phase in both methods, with the hydrothermally synthesized nanotubes exhibiting a biphase structure after annealing at 500 °C. UV–Vis and photoluminescence analyses indicate slight variations in band gaps (around 0.02 eV) and recombination rates. The anodized TiO2 nanotubes, exhibiting superior hydrophilicity and order, demonstrate significantly enhanced photocatalytic degradation of a model pollutant, amido black (80 vs. 78%), and achieve a 0.1% higher photoconversion efficiency compared to the hydrothermally synthesized tubes. This study underscores the potential advantages of the anodization method for photocatalytic applications, particularly by demonstrating the efficacy of direct TiO2 nanotube growth on titanium foil for efficient photocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of human Demodex mites has surged in recent years, prompting significant concern among both patients and the medical community. This study aimed to investigate the survival duration and morphological alterations of Demodex folliculorum under diverse temperature conditions and in various culture media. We employed the eyelash sampling technique to procure the mites. The collected specimens were then subjected to culture at two distinct temperature ranges (16–22 °C and 4 °C) across a spectrum of media, including 30% tea tree oil (TTO), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pure water, 0.9% physiological saline, 5 µg/ml propidium iodide (PI), liquid paraffin, glycerol, and a blank culture medium. Post-administration, the mites’ activity and morphological changes were meticulously documented. Our findings indicate that the survival span of Demodex mites within the same medium was notably extended at 4 °C compared to room temperature. Specifically, under 4 °C, the use of liquid paraffin as a culture medium yielded the longest survival time of 12 days, surpassing all other conditions. Remarkably, the morphological integrity of the mites in this group remained largely unaltered. These results suggest that 4 °C is the optimal temperature for the in vitro cultivation of Demodex mites, offering insights into the environmental preferences of these organisms and potentially informing future therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we report the biosynthesis of Nickel ferrite using Ocimum sanctum leaf extract (OSLE@NiFe2O4). The single-phase cubic spinel structure of the synthesized nickel ferrite was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis. Structural characteristics were further examined using FTIR analysis. Optical and morphological properties were investigated through UV–DRS and FESEM studies. The magnetic hysteresis loop (M-H loop) confirmed the superparamagnetic nature of OSLE@NiFe2O4 nanoparticles. The photocatalytic degradation of Congo Red (CR) dye by the synthesized OSLE@NiFe2O4 nanoparticles was explored, revealing a pseudo-first-order kinetic behavior with a degradation efficiency of 99.9% and a rate constant of 0.06min−1. These findings demonstrate the superior photocatalytic activity of the biosynthesized nickel ferrite nanoparticles, highlighting their significant potential for efficient dye removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moniezia infection, caused by cestodes of the genus Moniezia, poses a significant parasitic challenge within bovine populations globally, particularly impacting cattle health and productivity in Egypt. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of Moniezia infection in Egyptian cattle, integrating epidemiological data with microscopic and pathological analyses. A cohort of 700 cattle from the New Valley Governorate was assessed over one year, with 260 (37.2%) cases of helminth infections confirmed. Factors such as season, age, and study location significantly influenced infection rates, with the highest rates observed in winter, among calves under one year, and in the Al-Farfra and Baris regions. Gender did not significantly affect infection rates. Microscopic examination identified two species, Moniezia denticulata and Moniezia benedeni, with prevalence rates of 22.9 % and 14.3%, respectively. Histopathological analysis revealed severe inflammatory reactions in the intestinal tissues of infected cattle. These findings underscore the need for targeted control strategies, incorporating improved veterinary services and farmer education, to manage Moniezia infections effectively in Egypt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation was carried out during rabi season (November-April) of 2020-2021 in the polyhouse, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India to assess the performance of chickpea genotypes under salinity stress conditions. The experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications under two conditions: saline (pots without holes) and control (pots with holes). Twenty genotypes were collected out of which seventeen from ICRISAT, Hyderabad and three from ARS, SriGanganagar. The salinity stress was created using salts NaCl, which were administered in split doses of 60 mM at the time of sowing and 15 DAS. The study monitored various parameters such as phenological, physiological, morphological, biochemical, and yield parameters to determine the effect of salt stress on genotypes exhibiting different tolerance levels. The results showed that the total proline content increased due to the production of stress-related proteins during salinity stress. However, the yield parameters were reduced under stress conditions, with the highest decrease observed in the 60 mM NaCl treatment group compared to the control group. Based on the results of the study, ICC5439 and GNG 1581 are highly tolerant chickpea genotypes under salinity stress conditions. ICC 6050, ICC 251, ICC 252, and ICC 262 are medium tolerant genotypes, while ICC253, ICC 247, and ICC 249 are highly susceptible genotypes. Remaining are minimum tolerant and sensitive genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Indian bean, Lablab purpureus var. typicus (L.) Sweet (family: Fabaceae) is an important vegetable crop in India and other countries. The main reasons of variability in the pattern of resistance shown by different genotypes were explained by Painter (1951). Antibiosis is an adverse impact of the host plant on the biology of the insect pests and their progeny due to the biochemical and biophysical factors present in it. Methods: The experiment was laid out in a simple randomized block design (RBD) with seven treatments, each replicated thrice. The plot size was 1.8 x 1.8 m² keeping row to row and plant to plant distance of 45 cm each. The Indian bean varieties, Arka Jay, Konkan Bhushan, Diana, Bauni, Pari, JK Special and Ganganagar local were sown on 25th July in Kharif, 2019 (July-November). Horticulture Farm of S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner (Rajasthan). The recommended package of practices was followed to raise the crop. Various morphological parameters, viz., pod length, pod width, pod shell thickness, pod weight and number of seeds per pod were noted. The biochemical parameters, viz., moisture content, phenol content, total sugars, total protein and fibre content were analyzed. Result: The results obtained were subjected to correlation and regression analysis to draw the impact of these parameters on pod damage. Morphological parameters like pod length, pod shell thickness showed positive correlation (r = 0.77) with pod damage. Biochemical parameters like moisture content in pods, total sugars, reducing and non-reducing and protein content showed a positive correlation (r = 0.84, 0.86, 0.82, 0.89 and 0.79) with pod damage. Phenol content and fibre content in pods had a negative correlation (r = -0.93 and -0.89) with pod damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tyrosine-rich amelogenin peptide (TRAP) is the main amelogenin digestion product in the developmental enamel matrix. It has been shown to promote remineralization of demineralized enamel in our previous study. However, direct evidence of the effect of TRAP on the morphology and nanostructure of crystal growth on an enamel surface has not been reported. This study aimed to examine the effect of TRAP on the morphology of calcium phosphate crystals grown on early enamel erosion using a pH-cycling model. Methods: Eroded lesions were produced in human premolars by 30-second immersion in 37% phosphoric acid. Forty-five samples of eroded human premolar enamel blocks were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups: deionized water (DDW, negative control); 100 µg/mL TRAP, and 2 ppm sodium fluoride (NaF, positive control group). For 14 days, the specimens were exposed to a pH-cycling model. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods, the surface morphology, calcium-phosphorus ratio, and enamel surface roughness were examined. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to assess crystal characteristics. Results: After pH-cycling, compared to the two control groups, the surface of the eroded enamel of the peptide TRAP group shows a large number of new, densely arranged rod-like crystals, parallel to each other, regularly arranged, forming an ordered structure, with crystal morphology similar to that of natural enamel. The crystals are mostly hydroxyapatite (HA). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the peptide TRAP modulates the formation of hydroxyapatite in eroded enamel and that the newly formed crystals resemble natural enamel crystals and promote the remineralization of enamel, providing a promising biomaterial for remineralization treatment of enamel lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida is the major biotic constraint in okra cultivation that cause considerable economic loss. Screening of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) genotypes is important to develop leafhopper-resistant high-yielding cultivars for improving crop yield. To categorize leafhopper-resistant okra genotypes, we used a comprehensive collection of morphological and biochemical parameters with multivariate analysis in this study. Plant morphological and biochemical parameters were estimated by collection of leaves from different okra genotypes with three replicates during peak leafhopper infestation period and assay were performed based on specific standard protocols. Completely randomized block design was deployed and significant variations in plant morphometrics, biochemicals, and leafhopper population were recorded from each genotype screened. In the present study the morphological parameter viz., the shortest plant height was observed in resistant genotype AE 23 (17.21 cm) and the tallest plant height was recorded in the susceptible genotype AE 26 (63.22 cm) followed by Pusa Sawani (63.07 cm). The maximum leaf area of 132.24 cm2 was recorded in AE 15 genotype. Biochemical data reveals that, protein content was highest in susceptible genotype AE26 (11.01 mg/g), followed by Pusa Sawani (10.72 mg/g), and the lowest in the resistant genotype AE65 (4.72 mg/g) followed by AE27 (5.54 mg/g). While phenol, OD phenol, surface wax content were maximum in identified moderately resistant genotypes. The Kaiser Criterion or eigenvalue is greater than one for the first four principal components with the cumulative percentage of variance of 78.48 percent. Principal component analysis simplified the understanding of the interactions among leafhopper and biophysical and biochemical characteristics. The genotypes AE65, AE23, AE 27, No.315, and AE4 expressed resistance in terms of higher total phenol, ortho dihydroxy phenols, tissue toughness, and surface wax contents. Our visual observations on the growth and development of okra genotypes under leafhopper pressure were represented by principal component analysis which makes it reliable. Therefore, the identified jassid-resistant okra genotypes could be further utilized as a source of appropriate donor parents in the breeding of leafhopper-resistant okra varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examines the influence of successive treatments on the fiber surface (NaOH, hydrogen peroxide, and acetic anhydride). The palm petiole fibers were incorporated as reinforcement in linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) composites with a loading of 15 wt% and evaluated for mechanical, morphological, and dynamic mechanical properties. The effect of treatments on fiber surfaces has been confirmed using FTIR. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that the enhanced interfacial adhesion between the fibers and the matrix makes treated composites more rigid and homogeneous, which means that the fibers are distributed uniformly. The tensile modulus and flexural strength were all enhanced by adding 15% of untreated palm petiole fibers recorded at 598 MPa and 15.56 MPa, respectively, while the tensile strength was decreased. Palm-petiole fiber composites' storage modulus increased, and the acetylated-alkali fiber (FNA) reinforced LLDPE composite showed the highest storage modulus. Loss modulus increased when palm petiole fibers were strengthened. The Tan delta of composites made from palm petiole fibers was low initially but expanded with fiber addition. We concluded that successive treatments improve the performance of the palm petiole fiber residue and have the potential to create a new type of sustainable and eco-friendly material for various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The prevalence of human Demodex mites has surged in recent years, prompting significant concern among both patients and the medical community. This study aimed to investigate the survival duration and morphological alterations of Demodex folliculorum under diverse temperature conditions and in various culture media. We employed the eyelash sampling technique to procure the mites. The collected specimens were then subjected to culture at two distinct temperature ranges (16–22 °C and 4 °C) across a spectrum of media, including 30% tea tree oil (TTO), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pure water, 0.9% physiological saline, 5 µg/ml propidium iodide (PI), liquid paraffin, glycerol, and a blank culture medium. Post-administration, the mites’ activity and morphological changes were meticulously documented. Our findings indicate that the survival span of Demodex mites within the same medium was notably extended at 4 °C compared to room temperature. Specifically, under 4 °C, the use of liquid paraffin as a culture medium yielded the longest survival time of 12 days, surpassing all other conditions. Remarkably, the morphological integrity of the mites in this group remained largely unaltered. These results suggest that 4 °C is the optimal temperature for the in vitro cultivation of Demodex mites, offering insights into the environmental preferences of these organisms and potentially informing future therapeutic strategies.

Abstract Background Tyrosine-rich amelogenin peptide (TRAP) is the main amelogenin digestion product in the developmental enamel matrix. It has been shown to promote remineralization of demineralized enamel in our previous study. However, direct evidence of the effect of TRAP on the morphology and nanostructure of crystal growth on an enamel surface has not been reported. This study aimed to examine the effect of TRAP on the morphology of calcium phosphate crystals grown on early enamel erosion using a pH-cycling model. Methods Eroded lesions were produced in human premolars by 30-second immersion in 37% phosphoric acid. Forty-five samples of eroded human premolar enamel blocks were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups: deionized water (DDW, negative control); 100 µg/mL TRAP, and 2 ppm sodium fluoride (NaF, positive control group). For 14 days, the specimens were exposed to a pH-cycling model. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods, the surface morphology, calcium-phosphorus ratio, and enamel surface roughness were examined. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to assess crystal characteristics. Results After pH-cycling, compared to the two control groups, the surface of the eroded enamel of the peptide TRAP group shows a large number of new, densely arranged rod-like crystals, parallel to each other, regularly arranged, forming an ordered structure, with crystal morphology similar to that of natural enamel. The crystals are mostly hydroxyapatite (HA). Conclusion This study demonstrates that the peptide TRAP modulates the formation of hydroxyapatite in eroded enamel and that the newly formed crystals resemble natural enamel crystals and promote the remineralization of enamel, providing a promising biomaterial for remineralization treatment of enamel lesions.

Optimizing the photocatalytic antibacterial properties of nanomaterials by defect engineering is becoming a significant tool. The synthesis and characterization of Gd- doped tungsten oxide (Gd:WO 3) nanoparticles for potential applications in wastewater treatment and antibacterial activity. Synthesis of the Gd:WO 3 nanoparticles were prepared using the co-precipitation method, known for its simplicity and cost-effectiveness in producing nanomaterials. Samples were characterization by XRD confirmed the monoclinic crystal system of all samples and the incorporation of Gd ions into the WO 3 lattice. SEM and TEM revealed a nanoplate-shaped morphology of the synthesized nanostructures. EDS confirmed the composition of Gd:WO 3. FT-IR verified the presence of functional groups. XPS investigated the effect of Gd doping on the valence states of Gd:WO 3 , revealing the location of Gd ions within the WO 3 lattice. UV-Vis showed increased absorption in the visible region and a decrease in the band gap with increasing Gd concentration up to 5 wt%, indicating potential photocatalytic properties. The nanoparticles demonstrated significant photocatalytic activity, achieving a 98 % degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light exposure. Among them, the Gd (5 wt%) nanoparticles exhibited the highest photocatalytic performance within 120 min. Additionally, these Gd (5 wt%) nanoparticles showed the greatest antibacterial effectiveness against Staphylococcus aureus, with an inhibition zone of 20 mm. Moreover, the study demonstrates the potential of Gd-doped tungsten oxide nanoparticles as efficient and environmentally friendly materials for wastewater treatment and antibacterial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tiwai onion (Eleutherine americana L. Merr) is renowned for therapeutic properties due to the bioactive constituents, including polyphenol, flavonoid, and tannin. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize water content, ash, fat, protein, polyphenol, flavonoid, tannin, and antioxidant capacity, as well as to observe the functional groups and morphology of dried tiwai powder. The methodology comprised 2 factors, namely harvest age and drying methods. The results showed significant effects of harvest age and drying methods on water, fat, total phenol, total flavonoid, anthocyanin content, and antioxidant capacity, while ash, protein, and tannin content were not significantly affected. In Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, changes in functional groups were observed, although not significant in wave numbers range of 1,800 - 1,350 and 1,200 - 950 cm-1. Specifically, an increase was observed in signals from C-C, C-O, and C-O-C vibrations. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) at 1000x magnification showed that air drying at 5 months of harvest age produced dense granules, while electric oven and microwave drying of older harvests led to a flatter structure and crumbly texture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Halimeda is a genus of calcified alga that inhabits tropical aquatic environments. The presences of Halimeda is essential for waters around mining sites, such as the waters of Maba District, wich is the center of mining in East Halmahera. As a calcareous organism, Halimeda functions as a buffer to neutralize the pH of waters. Although the presence of Halimeda in waters is not rare, studies on Halimeda taxonomy in Indonesia are very limited. Identification of Halimeda species can be done by looking at morphological and anatomical structures as an alternative based on the key to determining Halimeda species in the Indo-Pacific by Hillis & Collinvaux (1980), in addition to looking at DNA sequences. This study was aimed at identifying Halimeda species distributed in the waters of Maba District, East Halmahera based on morphological and anatomical characteristic. Besides, it also aims to determine the distribution and similarity of species between sampling locations. Sampling was carried out using purposive sampling method. Halimeda sample collection was prepared before identification. Eight species of Halimeda were found from four sampling sites, namely Halimeda cylindracea, H. distorta, H. macroloba, H. opuntia, H. simulans, H. discoidea, H. melanesica, and H. tuna. In additional to these eight species, seven unidentified Halimeda species were also found based on morphological and anatomical characteristc. Most similarity percentage of Halimeda species was found between Tanjung Buli-Monoropo at 75% and the lowest between Gee Island-Pakal Island (0%). The distribution of Halimeda species in waters in influenced by many factors, including substrate type, nutrients, light intensity, salinity, pH, temperature, depth, wave and current action.

Arabic students frequently encounter errors while learning English as a second language (ESL). This study investigates prevalent interlingual and intralingual errors observed among Arabic learners of English. The authors posit that by addressing morphological, lexical, and semantic inaccuracies, English instructors can assist Arabic learners in cultivating a more comprehensive and nuanced proficiency in the English language, thereby enhancing their communicative abilities across various contexts. The instructional strategies explained in this paper offer valuable insights for ESL teachers and tertiary-level Arabic students aiming to mitigate or eliminate such errors. Additionally, the teaching recommendations presented in this paper serve as beneficial resources for experienced and novice instructors, facilitating the reduction of errors commonly encountered by Arabic students in their English language acquisition journey.

The results of the use of DIABAX feed additive alone and in combination with a biogenic stimulant for the correction of biochemical, hematological blood parameters in young cattle after gastrointestinal infections taking into account the disease and survival rates, as well as their performance indicators are presented. Three groups of calves at the age of less than 30 days old, two test groups and one control group, were formed for analogous pairs-based trial. Calves of control group were subcutaneously injected with saline solution at a dose of 8 mL on day 1, 5, 10 of the trial; calves of test group 1 (О-1) were fed with DIABAX feed additive with milk at a dose of 3.0 mL once a day; calves of test group 2 (О-2) were intramuscularly injected with the biogenic stimulant at a dose of 0.5 mL/10 kg of body weight on day 1, 5, 10 of the trial and also received DIABAX at a dose of 3.0 mL once a day during 15 days. The tests showed that co-administration of the biogenic stimulant and DIABAX feed additive (in О-2 group) contributed to 100% survival rate in calves, as well as significant increase in calcium and magnesium levels in animal sera by 14.5–23.8% and 61.2–79.5%, respectively, as compared with the initial levels and the levels in control group; increase in albumin and α-globulin protein fraction concentrations by 10.1% and 43.2% (p ≤ 0.05), respectively, albumin/globulin ratio – by 17.5%, color index – by 1.1%, increase in the total immunoglobulin G amount by 2.7 times as compared to the initial values. Daily administration of DIABAX feed additive to calves of О-1 group for 15 days reduced recurrent disease rate in the calves by 14.4%, resulted in significant increase in calcium and magnesium levels in sera by 10.1% and 75.0% (p ≤ 0.05), respectively, as well increase in immunoglobulin G level by 2.3 times, erythrocyte level – by 3.8%, hemoglobin level – by 8.0%, leukocyte level – by 21.8%, albumin/globulin ratio – by 35.1% in sera as compared to initial values.

This study is the first report of parasite and fungal disease separated from domestically reared Atlantic salmon in Korea; the characteristics of the pathogens were identified, and histopathological analysis was conducted. Fungal and parasitic diseases were detected in Atlantic salmon and were isolated as Saprolegnia parasitica and Neoparamoeba perurans based on morphological and genetic analysis. External symptoms observed in Atlantic salmon infected with S. parasitica include fin ulcers and hemorrhage, abdominal hemorrhage, and necrosis of the gills and gill covers. The histopathological analysis results showed necrosis, hemorrhaging, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the abdominal muscles, while only inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the gill covers. The clinical symptoms observed in Atlantic salmon infected with N. perurans included excessive mucus secretion in the gills, a dense amoebic presence on the gill filaments, respiratory distress, and opening of the mouth and gill covers after death. Through histopathological analysis, we observed lesions in epithelial cells, characterized by the proliferation of epithelial cells and the fusion of secondary lamellae. Numerous lamellae were observed to be attached or fused with each other. To ensure the successful establishment of the Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry in Korea, it is essential to swiftly quarantine infected fish based on the morphological characteristics of S. parasitica and N. perurans revealed in this study, along with the external symptoms of Atlantic salmon infected with these pathogens. Developing disease control strategies based on the findings of this research is imperative.

Abstract Background Human parasitic infections caused by Adenophorean nematodes encompass a range of diseases, including dioctophymiasis, trichuriasis, capillariasis, trichinellosis, and myositis. These infection can result in adverse impacts on human health and cause societal and economic concerns in tropical and subtropical regions. Methods This review conducted searches in PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar for relevant studies that published in established databases up to April 26, 2024. Studies that focused on the common morphology, life cycle, disease distribution, clinical manifestations, and prevention and control strategies for Adenophorean parasitic diseases in humans were included. Results Adenophorean nematodes exhibit shared morphological characteristics with a four-layered cuticle; uninucleate epidermal cells; pseudocoelom with six or more coelomocytes; generally three caudal glands; five esophageal glands; two testes in males with median-ventral supplementary glands in a single row; tail in males rarely possessing caudal alae; amphids always postlabial; presence of cephalic sensory organs; absence of phasmids; and a secretory-excretory system consisting of a single ventral gland cell, usually with a non-cuticularized terminal duct. Humans play two important roles in the life cycle of the nematode class, Adenophorea: 1) as a definitive host infected by ingesting undercooked paratenic hosts, embryonated eggs, infective larvae in fish tissue and meat contaminated with encysted or non-encysted larvae, and 2) as an accidental host infected by ingesting parasitic eggs in undercooked meat. Many organs are targeted by the Adenophorean nematode in humans such as the intestines, lungs, liver, kidneys, lymphatic circulation and blood vessels, resulting in gastrointestinal problems, excessive immunological responses, cell disruption, and even death. Most of these infections have significant incidence rates in the developing countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America; however, some parasitic diseases have restricted dissemination in outbreaks. To prevent these diseases, interventions together with education, sanitation, hygiene and animal control measures have been introduced in order to reduce and control parasite populations. Conclusions The common morphology, life cycle, global epidemiology and pathology of human Adenophorean nematode-borne parasitic diseases were highlighted, as well as their prevention and control. The findings of this review will contribute to improvement of monitoring and predicting human-parasitic infections, understanding the relationship between animals, humans and parasites, and preventing and controlling parasitic diseases. Graphical Abstract

In the present study, composites incorporating NiO-Co3O4 (NC) and CuO-NiO-Co3O4 (CNC) as active electrode materials were produced through the hydrothermal method and their performance was investigated systematically. The composition, formation, and nanocomposite structure of the fabricated material were characterized by XRD, FTIR, and UV–Vis. The FE-SEM analysis revealed the presence of rod and spherical mixed morphologies. The prepared NC and CNC samples were utilized as supercapacitor electrodes, demonstrating specific capacitances of 262 Fg−1 at a current density of 1 Ag−1. Interestingly, the CNC composite displayed a notable long-term cyclic stability 84.9%, which was observed even after 5000 charge–discharge cycles. The exceptional electrochemical properties observed can be accredited to the harmonious effects of copper oxide addition, the hollow structure, and various metal oxides. This approach holds promise for the development of supercapacitor electrodes. These findings collectively indicate that the hydrothermally synthesized NC and CNC nanocomposites exhibit potential as high-performance electrodes for supercapacitor applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is based on traditional cellular automata models in which each cell has one of the finite distinct states at any given time. Cellular automata refer to the use of Coulombic contact rather than wires to connect cells. The discrete character of cellular automata and quantum mechanics have been exploited to develop nano-scale devices that can conduct computations with high switching frequency and low power dissipation. QCA has been utilized in many categories for fault-tolerant and reversible logic computing. On the other hand, the morphology algorithm is an area of image processing that provides a unified methodology and strong tools for image/video processing applications. This work proposes a unique fault-tolerant approach based on QCA to execute the morphological operations in image processing. Two fault-tolerant 5-input majority gates are employed in the implemented QCA architecture, and a control line is used to accomplish dilation and erosion. To assess the capabilities of the proposed fault-tolerant circuit for morphological procedures, its performance is analyzed and confirmed. The proposed design is compared to earlier results, which significantly improve fault-tolerant ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Passiflora spp. or passion fruit is a tropical plant that is often used as a food source. The large morphological variations of Passiflora cause difficulties in identifying the species. The objectives of the study are to identify the specific morphological and anatomical characters of Passiflora spp. in Yogyakarta and to determine their phenetic relationship for identification. A total of 15 samples of Passiflora were taken by purposive sampling technique from Bantul, Sleman, Kulon Progo, and Yogyakarta City, and then carried through the morphological and anatomical characterization. The morphological characters observed stems, leaves, and flowers, while the anatomical characters observed leaves. The results show that the observed samples are identified as four species, P. foetida, P. vitifolia, P. edulis, and P. quadrangularis. The P. edulis species consists of two forms, P. edulis f. flavicarpa and P. edulis f. edulis. The variation of morphological character lie in young stem shape, leaf shape, the texture of stem and leaf surface, bract shape and color, sepal and petal color, and the presence of a purple corona ring. While the variation of anatomical characters lie in the pattern of the vascular bundles, the shape of the upper and lower sides of the leaf veins, the shape and size of the palisade cells, as well as the type and density of stomata. Based on the phenetic analysis on the 0.8 phenon line, four main clusters were formed, P. foetida, P. vitifolia, P. edulis, and P. quadrangularis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to demonstrate the effect of ZrO 2 and MgO inclusion into the Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). To fabricate novel hybrid composites via heat cure method, various composites (PZM2, PZM4 and PZM6) were synthesized in the system [(95-x) PMMA + 5 ZrO 2 + x MgO] (x = 2, 4, and 6) respectively. Density of the prepared composites were determined and varying between 1.035–1.152 g/cm3. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) followed by EDAX and mechanical testing were performed to evaluate the fabricated composite properties. Moreover, to explore the structure of the fabricated composites the 13 C CP-MAS SSNMR and 1 H-13 C Phase-Modulated Lee Goldberg (PMLG) HETCOR Spectrum were recorded which clarify chemical shifting and motional dynamics of the composites. Mechanical tests were performed by UTM and the obtained parameters such as compressive strength, Young's modulus, fracture toughness, brittleness coefficient, flexural strength and flexural modulus are found to be in the range of 91–100 MPa, 0.48–0.51 GPa, 9.122–9.705 MPa.m1/2 , 0.66–0.815, 51.03–42.78 MPa and 499–663 MPa respectively. Some more mechanical parameters such as proportional limit, elastic limit, failure strength, modulus of resilience and modulus of toughness were also calculated. Furthermore, tribological properties were also determined and the coefficient of friction (COF) was decreased by 17.4 % and 38 % for composite PZM6 at 20 N and 40 N as compared to the composite PZM2 and the lowest wear volume of 1.55 mm3 was observed for PZM2, whereas the maximum volume loss of 5.64 mm3 is observed for composite PZM6. To check out the biocompatibility, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the fabricated composites the Trypan-blue assay was also performed for PZM2 and PZM6 composites. Dissection on the gut of larvae was also performed on the both composites followed by DAPI and DCFH-DA staining. Therefore, these synthesized samples can be used for the fabrication of denture materials. [Display omitted] • Synthesis of ZrO 2 and MgO reinforced denture-based resin composites via heat cure method. • Density of the composites were determined and varying between 1.035-1.152 g/cm3. • The structure of the fabricated composites was studied using the 13 C CP-MAS SSNMR and 1 H-13 C Phase-Modulated Lee Goldberg (PMLG) HETCOR spectrum. • The PZM6 composite shows the maximum compressive strength, 100 MPa. • To check out the biocompatibility, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, the Trypan-blue assay was performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought stress is widely recognized as a highly detrimental abiotic stress factor that significantly impacts crop growth, development, and agricultural productivity. In response to external stimuli, plants activate various mechanisms to enhance their resistance or tolerance to abiotic stress. The common bean, a most important legume according to the FAO, serves as a staple food for millions of people worldwide, due to its rich protein, carbohydrate, and fiber content, concurrently, and water scarcity is the main factor limiting common bean production. The process of domestication and on-farm conservation has facilitated the development of genotypes with varying degrees of drought stress resistance. Consequently, using landraces as biological material in research can lead to the identification of variants with superior resistance qualities to abiotic stress factors, which can be effectively integrated into breeding programs. The central scope of this research was to find out if different geographic origins of common bean genotypes can determine distinct responses at various levels. Hence, several analyses were carried out to investigate responses to water scarcity in three common bean genotypes, M-2087 (from the Mesoamerican gene pool), A-1988 (from the Andean gene pool) and Lechinta, known for its high drought stress resistance. Plants were subjected to different water regimes, followed by optical assessment of the anatomical structure of the hypocotyl and epicotyl in each group; furthermore, the morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters and molecular data (quantification of the relative expression of the thirteen genes) were assessed. The three experimental variants displayed distinct responses when subjected to 12 days of water stress. In general, the Lechinta genotype demonstrated the highest adaptability and drought resistance. The M-2087 landrace, originating from the Mesoamerican geographic basin, showed a lower resistance to water stress, compared to the A-1988 landrace, from the Andean basin. The achieved results can be used to scale up future research about the drought resistance of plants, analyzing more common bean landraces with distinct geographic origins (Mesoamerican/Andean), which can then be used in breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coccidiosis is one of the most prevalent diseases found in local rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), which is caused by the Eimeria. The study aimed to more reliably identify Eimeria species (Eimeria magna) infecting Local Rabbits in Alkarg City, Saudi Arabia, based the method on the molecular properties and morphological and molecular biological techniques. Sub‐spheroidal oocysts measuring 21–27 × 12–16 (24 × 14.4) μm (20 n) and with a length/width (L/W) ratio of 0.9–1.1 (1.0) were identified by microscopic analysis of a fecal sample. Oocysts feature a bi‐layered wall that is 1.0–1.2 (1.1) μm thick. About two‐thirds of the wall's thickness is made up of a smooth outer layer. A polar granule is present, but neither a micropyle nor an oocyst residuum is present. The ovoidal sporozoites measure 15–18 × 8–11 (16.5 × 9.5) μm, have an L/W ratio of 1.6–1.8 (1.7), and take up around 21% of the oocyst's total surface. The mean size of the sub‐Stieda body is 1.4 × 2.3 μm, while the average size of the Stieda body is 0.9 × 1.8 μm. The para‐Stieda body is lacking. Sporocyst residuum appears membrane‐bound and has an uneven form made up of several granules. With two refractile bodies below the striations and pronounced striations at the more pointed end, sporozoites are vermiform, measuring an average of 11.6 × 4.0 μm. The results of the sequencing for the 18S rDNA gene confirmed the species of Eimeria parasites found in the host (rabbits). The current parasite species is closely related to the previously described and deposited E. magna and deeply embedded in the genus Eimeria (family Eimeriidae). According to the findings, single oocyst molecular identification of Eimeria may be accomplished through consistent use of the morphological and molecular results. It is possible to draw the conclusion that the current research supplies relevant facts that help assess the potential infection and future control measures against rabbit coccidiosis to reduce the financial losses that can be incurred by the rabbit industry in Saudi Arabia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to assess the morphological characteristics of the donkey (Equus asinus) population in Katsina State, Nigeria. One hundred and three (103) donkeys (39 female and 64 male), randomly selected, were grouped into three age categories for this study. Data collected included: body weight and ten (10) body measurements. The statistical analysis of variance was applied for estimation the effects of sex and age on the studied parameters. Variance Inflation Factors (VIF), as a multicollinearity diagnostic tool of the independent variables, were incorporated in the regression models. The principal component analysis with a variance maximizing the orthogonal rotation was used to extract the components. The factor analysis identified four (4) principal components (PCs) of morphometric traits which explained about 70.392% of the total variance, with a PC1 accounted for 37.912%. The results showed that the body weight was correlated with HG, PG, BL, RH, SH, EL, TL and NC (ranging from 0.464 to 0.946; p<0.01) and body weight correlated to NL (r = 0.402; p<0.05) and HL (r = 0.375; P<0.05). The best predictors of body weight (BWT) in female and male revealed that the combination of heart girth, body length and rump height featured prominently in the prediction of BWT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bihar hairy caterpillar, Spilarctia obliqua, is a dreaded and sporadic pest on several cash crops in the Oriental region. The polyphagous feeding habit enables it to survive on a variety of crops. The group of hairy caterpillars of this study was found on young plants of the sweet basil. Young larvae feed gregariously on the under surface of the leaves later it feed solitary in nature. Damage symptoms, as skeletonization of the upper epidermis of the leaves, were observed. The identity of the pest species confirmed through morphological and molecular methods (No. MK491177). The phylogenetic analysis indicates the distribution of uniform populations of S. obliqua infesting soybean and sweet basil. The total life cycle was longest during winter (male, 68.67: female, 73.27 d) compared to Kharif season (male, 49.37; female, 53.74 d). The damage incidence ranged between 13.33–60% and 10–63.33% in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The natural enemy populations Glyptapanteles obliquae (11%) and Carcelia sp (17%) were recorded. This is the first report of S. obliqua on sweet basil, Ocimum basilicum, in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new species of Tuber, T. albicavum, T. laojunshanense, and T. umbilicicavatum belonging to the Puberulum phylogroup, are described based on specimens collected in alpine Abies forests at 3600–4000 m, Northwest Yunnan, China. T. albicavum is distinguished by its ascomata with a single chamber of 0.5–1.8 cm diameter, with an apical opening of 0.2–0.6 cm in diameter, and light golden-brown alveolate reticulate ascospores up to 30 μm in length; T. laojunshanense is characterized by having ascomata with a slightly tomentose surface, sometimes with a white navel, a relatively thick peridium, up to 280 µm, and yellow-brown spores with alveolate reticulate ornamentation, up to 34 µm in length; T. umbilicicavatum is characterized by smooth ascomata with a distinct white navel, a relatively thin peridium, up to 110 µm, and golden or golden-brown alveolate reticulate ascospores, up to 40 μm in length. The molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region also supports that these three new species differ from previously described Tuber species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is, as a king of fruit, dominating fruit in consumer point of due to its delicious taste and flavour in India. Being a largest producing country in the world, it has more than thousand varieties in biodiversity. Though, the production the production is very low as compare to other country. Hence, the study has been framed to evaluate thirteen varieties and seven hybrids of mango at ripe stage for their morphological, physical and biochemical characters were made under South Gujarat agro-climatic conditions at Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari. Improvement in mango through hybridization is a very tedious and long task as it has more than seven years of juvenile phase. For the goal oriented improvement work, systematic morphological characterization of genetic material is the basic and necessary work which is useful for the selection of parental materials in improvement program as well as identification of different varieties. The experimental results revealed that the mango varieties/hybrids expressed the morphological variations from genotype to genotype. Among these twenty genotypes, seven characters for fruit viz., fruit shape (obovoid, round, ovate, elliptical, oblong); color of ripen fruit (yellow, green with red blush, greenish yellow, bright orange, saffron yellow, apricot yellow, cadmium yellow, golden yellow); fiber content (fiberless, medium, low, high); pulp texture (intermediate, soft, firm); beak type (perceptible, pointed, mammiform); sinus type (shallow, prominent, absent) and fruit apex (obtuse, round, acute) were examined and documented. The cultivar Rajapuri had the maximum fruit weight (974.33 g), length (17.63 cm), thickness (12.73 cm), peel weight (87.77 g) while stone weight (57.57 g) was highest in cv Baneshan. The maximum content of pulp percentage was noted in cv Totapuri (89.61 %). Among the chemical parameters, the maximum total soluble solids (TSS) was recorded in cv. Kesar (21.96 °Brix). The maximum total sugars (19.34 %), reducing sugars (6.08 %), non-reducing sugars (12.88 %) and minimum titrable acidity (0.17%) were recorded in cv Alphonso. The maximum ascorbic acid content was observed in cv Langra (55.73 mg/100g). Based on the overall performance of the mango cultivars Rajapuri, Baneshan and Totapuri were found better in physical properties whereas, Kesar, Alphonso and Langra exhibited their superiority in chemical qualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper delves into a stylistic analysis of Robert Browning's seminal poems, "My Last Duchess" and "Porphyria's Lover." Both works are exemplary of Browning's mastery of the dramatic monologue, offering rich grounds for exploring his stylistic techniques and thematic preoccupations. The analysis of Robert Browning's poems “My Last Duchess” & “Porphyria’s Lover” utilizes graphological, phonological, morphological, and lexico-syntactic features, this study aims to uncover how Browning crafts his narrators' voices and conveys their psychological complexities. The analysis will also consider the poems' use of imagery, irony, and narrative structure, highlighting how these elements contribute to the overall effect and meaning. "My Last Duchess" presents a portrait of a possessive and controlling Duke, whose speech reveals his authoritarian nature and moral ambiguity. In contrast, "Porphyria's Lover" explores themes of love, obsession, and madness through the perspective of a narrator who oscillates between tenderness and violence. By comparing and contrasting these two poems, the paper will illustrate Browning's nuanced portrayal of power dynamics and human emotions. Ultimately, this stylistic analysis will demonstrate how Browning's innovative use of the dramatic monologue form not only engages readers but also invites them to question the reliability and motivations of his speakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arabic students frequently encounter errors while learning English as a second language (ESL). This study investigates prevalent interlingual and intralingual errors observed among Arabic learners of English. The authors posit that by addressing morphological, lexical, and semantic inaccuracies, English instructors can assist Arabic learners in cultivating a more comprehensive and nuanced proficiency in the English language, thereby enhancing their communicative abilities across various contexts. The instructional strategies explained in this paper offer valuable insights for ESL teachers and tertiary-level Arabic students aiming to mitigate or eliminate such errors. Additionally, the teaching recommendations presented in this paper serve as beneficial resources for experienced and novice instructors, facilitating the reduction of errors commonly encountered by Arabic students in their English language acquisition journey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Human parasitic infections caused by Adenophorean nematodes encompass a range of diseases, including dioctophymiasis, trichuriasis, capillariasis, trichinellosis, and myositis. These infection can result in adverse impacts on human health and cause societal and economic concerns in tropical and subtropical regions. Methods: This review conducted searches in PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar for relevant studies that published in established databases up to April 26, 2024. Studies that focused on the common morphology, life cycle, disease distribution, clinical manifestations, and prevention and control strategies for Adenophorean parasitic diseases in humans were included. Results: Adenophorean nematodes exhibit shared morphological characteristics with a four-layered cuticle; uninucleate epidermal cells; pseudocoelom with six or more coelomocytes; generally three caudal glands; five esophageal glands; two testes in males with median-ventral supplementary glands in a single row; tail in males rarely possessing caudal alae; amphids always postlabial; presence of cephalic sensory organs; absence of phasmids; and a secretory-excretory system consisting of a single ventral gland cell, usually with a non-cuticularized terminal duct. Humans play two important roles in the life cycle of the nematode class, Adenophorea: 1) as a definitive host infected by ingesting undercooked paratenic hosts, embryonated eggs, infective larvae in fish tissue and meat contaminated with encysted or non-encysted larvae, and 2) as an accidental host infected by ingesting parasitic eggs in undercooked meat. Many organs are targeted by the Adenophorean nematode in humans such as the intestines, lungs, liver, kidneys, lymphatic circulation and blood vessels, resulting in gastrointestinal problems, excessive immunological responses, cell disruption, and even death. Most of these infections have significant incidence rates in the developing countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America; however, some parasitic diseases have restricted dissemination in outbreaks. To prevent these diseases, interventions together with education, sanitation, hygiene and animal control measures have been introduced in order to reduce and control parasite populations. Conclusions: The common morphology, life cycle, global epidemiology and pathology of human Adenophorean nematode-borne parasitic diseases were highlighted, as well as their prevention and control. The findings of this review will contribute to improvement of monitoring and predicting human-parasitic infections, understanding the relationship between animals, humans and parasites, and preventing and controlling parasitic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The native populations of Iris hymenospatha and Iris histrio, two endangered bulbous species within the large Iris genus in Iridaceae, are threatened with extinction due to mining and other industrial activities in their natural habitats in Central Asia, including Iran. These species not only have a significant economic impact on the global horticultural industry due to their versatility and attractive phenotypic traits, but also have significant ecological value that necessitates their conservation. In this study, we examined the morphological and functional diversity between individuals within these two species, which exhibit high tolerance to environmental stresses. Our study examined 10 populations of I. hymenospatha and two populations of I. histrio based on bulb, flower, and leaf characteristics throughout Iran. We recognized a gradation of five different leaf shapes among I. hymenospatha populations with significant differences between some populations, including "Arak-Khomain" and "Arak-Gerdo". The "Jaro", "Natanz-Karkas", "Ardestan-Taleghan", "Arak-Rahjerd", "Arak-Gerdo", "Ganjnameh", and "Abas-Abad" populations of I. hymenospatha displayed maximal values in leaf width, stem diameter under flower, crown diameter, flower number, leaf number, and bulb diameter. The I. histrio "Velian" population had a significantly larger flower size, a longer stem length, a larger style width, a longer flowering date, and a higher plant height compared to the "Ganjnameh" population of I. histrio. Such characteristics of both species make them remarkable ornamental plants. Our study also revealed that I. hymenospatha populations grow on different soils and elevations and have the ability to adapt to different growing conditions. Given the threats they face, conservation through horticultural selection and propagation offers a viable conservation strategy for both species. This approach not only preserves the genetic diversity of these species, but also enables their further contribution to the horticultural industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The characterization of chickpea genetic resources is a vital step to explore genetic variability in breeding programs. In the present study, we characterized 90 germplasm lines of desi chickpea collected across the Indian chickpea growing region. The identified trait-specific germplasm lines will be used as a valuable genetic resource for the chickpea improvement programme. Methods: An experiment was conducted in augmented design to characterize germplasm lines of chickpea for 13 qualitative and 17 quantitative agro-morphological traits under Bundelkhand agro-climatic conditions. Result: Ample variation was observed for qualitative and quantitative traits. The study revealed that the presences of high variability in qualitative and quantitative traits are useful in the identification of plant genotype for a specific trait, genetic purity analysis, germplasm conservation and also possible use of potential genotype in the breeding program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cereals are a staple food in many regions of the world and are essential for global food security. Lead is one of the most significant environmental stressors, impacting plants throughout their life cycle and causing substantial damage to plant growth and development. It disrupts intracellular processes, thereby reducing plant productivity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of exogenously applied vitamin PP (100 µM) (nicotinamide) on the morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters of spring barley var. Eunova under lead stress (1 mM Pb(NO3)2) and to determine the most effective method of applying this vitamin in a pot experiment. Vitamin PP was applied exogenously through three different methods: seed soaking, foliar application, and soil irrigation. The application of 1 mM Pb(NO3)2 resulted in decreased root (from 13.9% to 19.9%) and shoot length (from 16.2% to 24.8%) and increased catalase (CAT) activity from 45% to 106%, and peroxidase (POX) activity from 39% to 46% compared to the control. Lead stress led to an increase in proline (Pro) content from 30 to 63% and comparatively in malondialdehyde (MDA) content (rising from 61% to 79.4%), as well as elevated assimilatory pigment content (by 35%) in barley grown in the pot experiment. Exogenous vitamin PP significantly and positively influenced the improvement of the measured morphological, biochemical, and physiological parameters, reducing the toxicity of lead salts. It was shown that the most effective method of vitamin PP application was achieved through foliar spraying and irrigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common tapeworms in poultry digestive tracts are called Raillietina species. The present study's objective is to characterize the morphological and genetic relationships between the cestode parasites that infect domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in Saudi Arabia's Al-Qassim Region. Using optical and scanning electron microscopes, the general morphology and surface characteristics of the collected cestode parasites were examined. Using sequences from the ND1 and 18S rDNA gene areas, molecular analysis was used to confirm the taxonomy of this parasite based on its morphological characteristics. This demonstrated a high degree of similarity--up to 98.0% and 74.7%, respectively between the 18S rDNA and ND1 gene regions and other cestode species found in GenBank. Using close ties, phylogenetic research validated the placement of this Raillietina species within Davaineidae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Padina genus has 75 species of which 54 species are classification recognized. The Padina genus has been used as nutritional food that supplies vitamins, proteins, and carotenoids by humans for a long time. Recently, several drugs and dietary supplements containing active components extracted from Padina have been commercially developed. Species of the Padina genus are quietly morphologically similar. Almost all previous studies of the Padina genus used the morphological identification method. This study presents the results of correlation analysis between morphological characteristics and the rbcL marker in the identification of Padina seaweed samples collected at Hon Thom, Phu Quoc, Kien Giang province (HTO), Vietnam. The phylogenetic tree and genetic distance between HTO with references showed the samples belonging to Padina australis. Thus, identification methods based on genetic markers and morphology on HTO seaweed samples were consistent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocomposite SnSeO3/ZnSeO3 has been synthesized by hydrothermal method. EDAX and XRD confirm the perfect formation of SnSeO3/ZnSeO3 nano composite. It shows an interesting morphology of rectangular bar. Particle size is determined as 137.3nm. It is an effective applicant for applications in optoelectronic field. The energy gap of SnSeO3/ZnSeO3 nanocomposite is 5.52 eV. Urbach energy value obtained is 0.0635 eV. Refractive index obtained from optical energy gap is 1.926. PL emission spectrum obtains a strong efficient emission in UV (387.7 nm) region, weak emission in green (520.7 nm) region, and moderate emission in red (788.7 nm) region. The UV emission at 387.7 nm shows radiative electron-hole recombination and it makes the candidate suitable for display applications. The emission peaks in the visible range may be attributed to different surface imperfections of Schottky and Frenkel kinds, oxygen vacancies and Sn -- interstitials or Zn -interstitials. The FTIR bands are well assigned and confirms Se-O, Zn- O, Sn-O bonds in finger print region. The sample exhibits diamagnetic nature at 300K and 5K. It also exhibits interesting super paramagnetic nature at 5K between -0.15Tesla to 0.15Tesla. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is the first report of parasite and fungal disease separated from domestically reared Atlantic salmon in Korea; the characteristics of the pathogens were identified, and histopathological analysis was conducted. Fungal and parasitic diseases were detected in Atlantic salmon and were isolated as Saprolegnia parasitica and Neoparamoeba perurans based on morphological and genetic analysis. External symptoms observed in Atlantic salmon infected with S. parasitica include fin ulcers and hemorrhage, abdominal hemorrhage, and necrosis of the gills and gill covers. The histopathological analysis results showed necrosis, hemorrhaging, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the abdominal muscles, while only inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the gill covers. The clinical symptoms observed in Atlantic salmon infected with N. perurans included excessive mucus secretion in the gills, a dense amoebic presence on the gill filaments, respiratory distress, and opening of the mouth and gill covers after death. Through histopathological analysis, we observed lesions in epithelial cells, characterized by the proliferation of epithelial cells and the fusion of secondary lamellae. Numerous lamellae were observed to be attached or fused with each other. To ensure the successful establishment of the Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry in Korea, it is essential to swiftly quarantine infected fish based on the morphological characteristics of S. parasitica and N. perurans revealed in this study, along with the external symptoms of Atlantic salmon infected with these pathogens. Developing disease control strategies based on the findings of this research is imperative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The limitations of morphology-based identification systems and the decreasing number of taxonomists necessitate a molecular approach for species recognition and identification, with DNA barcoding emerging as an efficient solution to some of taxonomy's challenges. This research aimed to identify several scad species found in the waters surrounding Ambon both morphologically and molecularly through DNA barcoding. Fish samples were collected from January to June 2018 at the Mardika fish market in Ambon, initially analyzed morphologically, and subsequently validated using the DNA barcode method. Both analyses were conducted in the Molecular Biology Laboratory at the Maritime and Marine Science Centre of Excellence of Pattimura University. Morphological identification revealed six species of scad: Decapterus macarellus, D. macarellus (suspected), D. macrosoma, D. macrosoma (suspected), D. russelli (suspected), and D. kurroides, with four samples per species collected, resulting in a total of 24 samples analyzed. DNA barcoding identified only four species: D. macarellus, D. macrosoma, D. russelli, and D. kurroides, with identification percentages ranging from 99-100%. After validation, the confirmed scad species found in Ambon's waters are D. macarellus, D. macrosoma, D. russelli, and D. kurroides, highlighting that DNA barcoding serves as a complementary method that can reinforce morphology-based identification quickly and accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of seasonal changes on the morphological (corbicula, proboscis, forewing, and hindwing) and physiological (hypopharyngeal glands and differential hemocyte count) characteristics of Apis mellifera L. workers during the autumn, winter, spring, and summer seasons in 2021 and 2022. The study revealed that the maximum values for morphological parameters, i.e., the proboscis length (6.25±0.05 mm, 6.24±0.07 mm), corbicula length (3.98±0.08 mm, 3.95±0.22 mm), length (8.78±0.10 mm, 8.83±0.08 mm) of the forewing, length (6.46±0.09 mm, 6.50±0.07 mm) of the hindwing, and physiological parameters, i.e., the hypopharyngeal gland acini length (0.30±0.02 mm, 0.25±0.01 mm), width (0.22±0.02 mm, 0.20±0.02 mm), surface area (0.10±0.01 mm², 0.08±0.01 mm² ) and counts of plasmatocytes (88.27, 86.42) and granulocytes (9.56, 8.56), were consistently obtained during the spring seasons of 2021 and 2022, respectively. Notably, the most substantial reduction in immune cell count (53.42, 52.72) occurred during winter in both seasons. Furthermore, a constant pattern was observed across all seasons, indicating a significant increase in the size of all morphological characteristics as bees transitioned from nurses to foragers. In contrast, compared with foragers, nurse bees always have larger hypopharyngeal gland acini in all seasons. The differential hemocyte counts indicated a prevalence of plasmatocytes in the adult bee hemolymph. However, as bees shift from nursing to foraging, the numbers of plasmatocytes (63.55, 60.47) and granulocytes (2.54, 2.84) decrease, accompanied by an increase in pycnotic cells (33.90, 36.67) in 2021 and 2022, respectively, which signifies programmed cell death. Consequently, the spring season emerged as the most favorable period for the growth and development of worker honey bees. This season consistently shows optimal morphological and physiological characteristics, underscoring its importance in the life cycle of Apis mellifera colonies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]