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Background: Canine packed red blood cells (pRBCs) can be stored under refrigeration for several days; however, cellular metabolism remains active inside the units, thus producing substances that affect their quality., Objectives: We aimed to evaluate hematologic, biochemical, and blood gas variable alterations that occur in canine pRBCs during storage, and their effects on recipient clinicopathologic parameters., Methods: The study was conducted in two phases. In phase I, 15 pRBC units containing CPDA-1 were stored for 28 days; samples were collected weekly from the units of days 0 to 28 to measure the packed cell volume (PCV), pH, partial pressure carbon dioxide (PCO 2 ), partial pressure oxygen (PO 2 ), concentrations of lactate and potassium, and the percent hemolysis. In phase II, another 22 canine pRBC units stored for different time periods (maximum of 21 days) were transfused, and the recipients were evaluated before and after transfusion for changes in clinical parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic arterial pressure, and rectal temperature) and hematologic variables (PCV, lactate and potassium concentrations, pH, PCO 2 , the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen [PO 2 /FiO 2 ] ratio, oxygen saturation [SaO 2 ], base excess, and bicarbonate [HCO 3 ])., Results: In the pRBC units, the PCV increased from 70% to 78.33%, the lactate concentration increased 627%, the potassium concentration increased 183%, the percent hemolysis reached 0.69%, and the pH decreased 9% after 28 days. However, the dogs who received transfusions were not negatively affected. There was a significant increase in PCVs, and a significant decrease in heart rates., Conclusion: Canine pRBCs undergo hematologic, blood gas, and biochemical alterations during storage; however, the transfusion of pRBCs stored for up to 21 days increased PCVs without causing harm to the dogs., (© 2020 American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology.)

Triple-negative tumors are characterized immunohistochemically by the absence of positivity to sex hormone receptors and to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Additionally, they are differentiated into basal-like and non-basal (or null) subtypes, based on the presence of basal cytokeratin expression (CK5/6, 14, and17). Triple-negative subtypes are yet to be characterized in male dogs, to our knowledge. We report herein the clinical and pathologic findings and molecular characterization of carcinoma in the mammary glands of 2 male dogs. Case 1 was diagnosed as a grade II tubulopapillary carcinoma; case 2 was diagnosed as a grade II carcinoma in a mixed tumor. The tumors were characterized phenotypically as triple-negative basal and triple-negative non-basal, respectively.

Cutaneous toxoplasmosis is a rare manifestation. This study represents a case report of an immunosuppressed dog that developed nodular dermal lesions caused by Toxoplasma gondii. The isolate (TgDgBr20) was characterized as mouse virulent and was genotyped as type BrI (ToxoDB genotype 6) using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and as Africa 1 through microsatellite analysis., (Copyright © 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.)

Objective: To evaluate the postoperative analgesic effects of epidural administration of morphine and neostigmine, either alone or in combination, in dogs., Animals: 30 dogs undergoing orthopedic surgery on a pelvic limb., Procedures: Anesthetic protocols were standardized. At the end of surgery, 10 dogs each received 1 of 3 epidural treatments: morphine (0.1 mg/kg), neostigmine (5 μg/kg), or morphine plus neostigmine (0.1 mg/kg and 5 μg/kg, respectively). Postoperative pain scores and the need for rescue analgesia were evaluated for 24 hours., Results: Pain scores were higher in the neostigmine group, compared with scores for the morphine-neostigmine group, at 2 and 24 hours after surgery and higher in the morphine group than in the morphine-neostigmine group at 2 and 4 hours. During 24 hours, rescue analgesia was provided for 4, 7, and 2 of 10 dogs each in the morphine, neostigmine, and morphine-neostigmine groups, respectively. The number of dogs given rescue analgesia was significantly different among groups at 2, 3, 4, and 6 hours after surgery. Dogs in the morphine and morphine-neostigmine groups had a lower probability of receiving rescue analgesia within 24 hours than did dogs in the neostigmine group., Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: When administered epidurally, morphine alone or in combination with neostigmine provided effective postoperative analgesia in most dogs after orthopedic surgery, whereas neostigmine alone did not. Findings for this study suggested a potential role for neostigmine as an adjuvant for epidural analgesia in dogs undergoing orthopedic surgeries on the pelvic limbs.