Search

En este vídeo se parte de la definición de concepto de rendimiento de separación, que es una de las formas en las que se puede establecer el objetivo del proceso, y se deduce cómo relacionarlo con las variables de salida del proceso que se utilizan en los modelos matemáticos de cada operación para calcular el número de platos o la altura de relleno necesarios.

En este vídeo se define en que consiste realizar un estudio paramétrico, cuál es su utilidad y se plantea un caso para practicar cómo se aplica y se analizan los resultados.

En este vídeo se parte de la definición de eficacia de plato y de qué variables depende y se plantea un caso para practicar cómo se aplica para el cálculo del número de platos reales que se necesitarían para llevar a cabo una determinada separación.

Oriented and covalent immobilization of proteins on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is particularly challenging as it requires both the functionality of the protein and the colloidal stability of the MNPs to be preserved. Here, we describe a simple, straightforward, and efficient strategy for MNP functionalization with proteins using metal affinity binding. Our method involves a single-step process where MNPs are functionalized using a preformed, ready-to-use nitrilotriacetic acid-divalent metal cation (NTA-M2+) complex and polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate the oriented immobilization of a recombinant cadherin fragment engineered with a hexahistidine tag (6His-tag) onto the MNPs. Our developed methodology is simple and direct, enabling the oriented bioconjugation of His-tagged cadherins to MNPs while preserving protein functionality and the colloidal stability of the MNPs, and could be extended to other proteins expressing a polyhistidine tag. When compared to the traditional method where NTA is first conjugated to the MNPs and afterward free metal ions are added to form the complex, this novel strategy results in a higher functionalization efficiency while avoiding MNP aggregation. Additionally, our method allows for covalent bonding of the cadherin fragments to the MNP surface while preserving functionality, making it highly versatile. Finally, our strategy not only ensures the correct orientation of the protein fragments on the MNPs but also allows for the precise control of their density. This feature enables the selective targeting of E-cadherin-expressing cells only when MNPs are decorated with a high density of cadherin fragments.

Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize agriculture with the introduction of engineered nanomaterials. However, their use is hindered by high cost, marginal knowledge of their interactions with plants, and unpredictable effects related to massive use in crop cultivation. Nanopriming is an innovative seed priming technology able to match economic, agronomic, and environmental needs in agriculture. The present study was focused on unveiling, by a multilevel integrated approach, undisclosed aspects of seed priming mediated by iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles in pepper seeds (Capsicum annuum), one of the most economically important crops worldwide. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission mass spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy were used to quantify the MNP uptake and assess seed surface changes. Magnetic resonance imaging mapped the distribution of MNPs prevalently in the seed coat. The application of MNPs significantly enhanced the root and vegetative growth of pepper plants, whereas seed priming with equivalent Fe concentrations supplied as FeCl3 did not yield these positive effects. Finally, global gene expression by RNA-sequencing identified more than 2,200 differentially expressed genes, most of them involved in plant developmental processes and defense mechanisms. Collectively, these data provide evidence on the link between structural seed changes and an extensive transcriptional reprogramming, which boosts the plant growth and primes the embryo to cope with environmental challenges that might occur during the subsequent developmental and growth stages.

[ES] El objetivo principal de este informe era investigar la nanofiltración del Bisfenol-A (BPA) utilizando dos membranas de diferente peso molecular (MWCO). Con ello se pretendía conocer mejor los mecanismos de retención del BPA y estudiar cómo interactuaban las membranas elegidas con las moléculas, con vistas a su aplicación en las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales industriales (EDAR). El BPA es un producto químico perturbador endocrino que causa daños a los animales y a los seres humanos y que está presente en el medio ambiente en forma de microplásticos debido a la degradación de los residuos plásticos. Como tal, estos microplásticos pueden acumularse y suelen encontrarse en los efluentes de las EDAR. Los métodos actuales de eliminación del BPA, aunque son eficaces, podrían mejorarse, y la nanofiltración, un proceso impulsado por la presión, es una técnica viable para aplicar en estos escenarios. Se seleccionaron dos membranas comerciales, NP030 (MWCO = 500-600 Da) y NF270 (MWCO = 200-300 Da), para su evaluación, y se llevó a cabo una revisión de la literatura para evaluar la investigación previa en el área de interés. Los mecanismos de retención de nanofiltración identificados fueron la exclusión por tamaño, la exclusión Donnan y el efecto de la sal en los componentes de la solución y los poros de la membrana. A partir de esto se creó un plan experimental que probó el impacto de la presión (4 y 8 bares), el pH (6 y 8) y la fuerza iónica de la solución (0, 1.000 y 2.000 mg/L de cloruro de sodio) en la retención de BPA. Se probaron soluciones de 1 mg/L de BPA, algunas de ellas con componentes de alimentación adicionales, para ambas membranas en una configuración de celda agitada Sterlitech en las condiciones preseleccionadas. Se llevó a cabo una cromatografía líquida de alto rendimiento para analizar el contenido de BPA en las muestras recogidas. Este método permitió calcular la retención de BPA y analizar los resultados de las diferentes condiciones. Se, [CA] L'objectiu principal d'este informe era investigar la nanofiltració de Bisfenol-A (BPA) utilisant dues membranes de diferents talls de pes molecular (MWCO). En això es pretenia conéixer millor els mecanismes de retenció del BPA i estudiar cóm les membranes elegides interactuaven amb les molècules, amb vistes a la seua aplicació en les estacions de tractament d'aigües residuals industrials (EDAR). El BPA és un producte químic disruptiu endocrí que causa danys als animals i als sers humans i està present en el mig ambient com a microplàstic a causa de la degradació dels residus plàstics. Com a tal, estos microplàstics poden acumular-se i solen trobar-se en els efluents de les EDAR. Els métodos actuals d'eliminació de BPA, encara que són eficaços, podrien millorar-se, i la nanofiltració, un procés impulsat per la pressió, és una tècnica viable per a aplicar en estos escenaris. Es varen seleccionar per a la seua evaluació dues membranes comercials, NP030 (MWCO = 500-600 Da) i NF270 (MWCO = 200-300 Da), i es va fer una revisió bibliogràfica per avaluar les investigacions anteriors en l'àrea d' interès. Els mecanismes de retenció de nanofiltració dominants identificats van ser l'exclusió per tamany, l'exclusió de Donnan i l'efecte de la sal en els components de la solució i els poros de la membrana. A partir d'açò es va crear un pla experimental que va provar l'impacte de la pressió (4 i 8 bar), el pH (6 i 8) i la força iònica de la solució (0, 1.000 i 2.000 mg/L de clorur de sodi) sobre la retenció de BPA. Es varen provar solucions d'1 mg/L de BPA, algunes amb components d'alimentació adicionals, per a abdós membranes en una configuració de cela agitada Sterlitech en les condicions preseleccionades. Es va portar a terme una cromatografia líquida d'alt rendiment per analisar el contingut de BPA en les mostres arreplegades. Este enfocament va permetre calcular la retenció de BPA i analisr els resultats de diferents condicions. La NF270 va resultar ser la membrana més, [EN] The primary aim of this report was to investigate the nanofiltration of Bisphenol-A (BPA) using two membranes of differing molecular weight cut-offs (MWCOs). This was in order to gain further understanding of BPA retention mechanisms, and study how the chosen membranes interacted with the molecules, with a view to application in industrial wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). BPA is an endocrine disrupting chemical which causes harm to animals and humans and is prevalent in the environment as a microplastic due to the degradation of plastic waste. As such, these microplastics can accumulate and are usually found in effluents from WWTPs. Current methods of BPA removal while effective, could be improved, and nanofiltration, a pressure driven process, is a viable technique to apply in these scenarios. Two commercial membranes, NP030 (MWCO = 500-600 Da) and NF270 (MWCO = 200-300 Da), were selected for evaluation, and a literature review was carried out to assess previous research in the area of interest. Dominant nanofiltration retention mechanisms identified were size exclusion, Donnan exclusion, and salt effect on solution components and membrane pores. From this an experimental plan was created which tested the impact of pressure (4 and 8 bar), pH (6 and 8), and solution ionic strength (0, 1,000 and 2,000 mg/L of sodium chloride) on BPA retention. Solutions of 1 mg/L BPA, some with additional feed components, were tested for both membranes in a Sterlitech stirred cell setup at the pre-selected conditions. High-performance liquid chromatography was carried out to analyse BPA content in the collected samples. This approach allowed retention of BPA to be calculated, and analysis to be conducted on results from different conditions. NF270 was found to be the more effective membrane for the process, giving BPA retentions ranging from 46.8-91.4% across the conditions assessed, while NP030’s maximum retention was only 40.9%, with most results found to be below 25%. Pre

Figure S1, AC magnetic susceptibility characterization of different organs (tumor, liver, skin, and blood); Figure S2, scaled out-of-phase magnetic susceptibility of several tissues and nanoparticle standards scaled to their maximum to compare the location in temperature of the maxima.

Next generation bioengineering strives to identify crucial cues that trigger regeneration of damaged tissues, and to control the cells that execute these programs with biomaterials and devices. Molecular and biophysical mechanisms driving embryogenesis may inspire novel tools to reactivate developmental programs in situ. Here nanoparticles based on conjugated polymers are employed for optical control of regenerating tissues by using an animal with unlimited regenerative potential, the polyp Hydra, as in vivo model, and human keratinocytes as an in vitro model to investigate skin repair. By integrating animal, cellular, molecular, and biochemical approaches, nanoparticles based on poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) are shown able to enhance regeneration kinetics, stem cell proliferation, and biomolecule oxidation levels. Opposite outputs are obtained with PCPDTBT-NPs (Poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta [2,1-b;3,4-b′] dithiophene)-alt-4,7(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)], causing a beneficial effect on Hydra regeneration but not on the migratory capability of keratinocytes. These results suggest that the artificial modulation of the redox potential in injured tissues may represent a powerful modality to control their regenerative potential. Importantly, the possibility to fine-tuning materials’ photocatalytic efficiency may enable a biphasic modulation over a wide dynamic range, which can be exploited to augment the tissue regenerative capacity or inhibit the unlimited potential of cancerous cells in pathological contexts.