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Farmers, particularly in Europe, are exposed to multiple pesticides during their working life. Such exposures can cause adverse health outcomes. We aimed to identify the main pesticide mixtures to which French agricultural workers are exposed and to classify farmers into clusters based on their mixture exposure profile. The AGRICAN cohort includes farm-owners and farm workers enrolled from 2005 to 2007, with information on exact years of beginning and end of pesticide use on 11 crops and five livestock. We estimated duration of exposure to 390 pesticides identified with the PESTIMAT crop-exposure matrix for 16,905 male pesticide users from 1950 to 2009. We used a Sparse Non-negative Matrix Under-approximation to identify the main pesticide mixtures based on exposure duration, and then applied hierarchical agglomerative clustering to classify farmers sharing similar profiles of co-exposure to the mixtures. SNMU suggested 6 optimal numbers of mixtures (4, 7, 11, 15, 27, 38) explaining from 29 to 91 % of total variance. We selected 27 mixtures. Mixtures contained between four to 22 pesticides and mostly concerned the use of pesticides on wheat/barley, vineyards, corn, fruit and vegetables or on multiple crops together. We selected 11 clusters composed of 395 to 4521 farmers. Some had a higher proportion of individuals working on specific crops (as vineyard or corn), while others were characterized by the diversity of crops (cluster 8:"Permanent crops, potatoes and tobacco"). This is the first study to identify pesticide mixtures in farmers and to classify them into clusters based on their mixture exposure profiles. The next step will be to study the associations between pesticide mixtures and health outcomes such as prostate cancer in AGRICAN., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no competing interests to declare., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: The effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic fields, especially their long-term health effects, including childhood leukaemia, remain elusive. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified the exposure to magnetic fields >0.4 μT as 'possibly carcinogenic to humans (group 2 B)' for childhood leukaemia. However, the number of exposed individuals, particularly children, remains poorly documented in international literature. The objective of this study was to estimate the number of individuals living near a high or very high voltage line in France (≥63 kV), among the general population and children under the age of five years., Methods: The estimate considered different exposure scenarios depending on the line voltage and the distance of the housing from it, and whether the line is overhead or underground. The exposure scenarios were obtained using a multilevel linear model created from a measurement database published by "Réseau de transport d'électricité", the operator of the French electricity transmission network., Results: Between 0.11% (n = 67,893) and 1.01% (n = 647,569) of the French population and between 0.10% (n = 4712) and 1.03% (n = 46,950) of children under five years of age were estimated to be living in an area potentially exposed to a magnetic field, depending on the exposure scenario (>0.4 μT and >0.1 μT, respectively)., Conclusions: By making it possible to estimate the total number of residents, schools, and health institutions near high-voltage power lines, the proposed methodology can help identify potential co-exposures near high-voltage power lines, which are regularly cited as a possible explanation for contradictory results from epidemiological studies., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:Olivia Roth-Delgado reports financial support was provided by National Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety. Olivier Merckel reports financial support was provided by National Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety. Olivier Dejardin reports a relationship with National Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety that includes: consulting or advisory. Brigitte Lacour reports a relationship with National Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety that includes: consulting or advisory., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Objectives: Specific farming types and tasks have rarely been studied in relation to colorectal cancer (CRC). We evaluated associations between 5 types of livestock and 13 types of crops in relation to CRC and its subsites within the Agriculture and Cancer (AGRICAN) study., Methods: AGRICAN cohort includes 181,842 agricultural workers living in 11 French geographical areas. Data on farming types and tasks was collected by self-administered questionnaires. We identified 2 609 CRC, 972 right colon, 689 left colon and 898 rectal incident cancer cases during follow-up from 2005 to 2015. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI)., Results: Significantly increased CRC risk was observed for farmers producing horses (HR=1.18, 95% CI 1.06-1.31), sunflower (HR=1.23, 95% CI 1.03-1.45) and field vegetables (HR=1.18, 95% CI 1.02-1.36). Positive associations were also observed for pig, poultry and wheat/barley. Some associations were observed only for specific subsites: left colon cancer was associated with fruit growing (HR=1.36, 95% CI 1.09-1.70) and potato (HR=1.28, 95% CI 1.05-1.57). Tasks related to livestock (animal care, insecticide treatment, disinfection of milking equipment and building) or to crop (haymaking, sowing, pesticide treatment, seed treatment, harvesting) were also associated with CRC. Duration and size of farming types/task increased the risk for some of the associations. Analysis stratified by sex suggested an interaction with several farming types/task., Conclusions: The current study showed original and positive findings for several farming types and tasks and CRC risk, overall and by subsites., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The aim of our study was to estimate the incidence of digestive cancers within a cohort of asbestos-exposed workers., Methods: Our study was based on a cohort of 2024 participants occupationally exposed to asbestos. The incidence of digestive cancers was calculated from 1 January 1978 to 31 December 2009 and compared with levels among the local general population using Standardised Incidence Ratios (SIRs). Asbestos exposure was assessed using the company's job-exposure matrix., Results: 119 cases of digestive cancer were observed within our cohort, for an expected number of 77 (SIR=1.54 (1.28 to 1.85)). A significantly elevated incidence was observed for peritoneal mesothelioma, particularly in women. Significantly elevated incidences were also observed among men for: all digestive cancers, even when excluding peritoneal mesothelioma (SIR=1.50 (1.23 to 1.82)), oesophageal cancer (SIR=1.67 (1.08 to 2.47)) and liver cancer (SIR=1.85 (1.09 to 2.92)). Concerning colorectal cancer, a significant excess of risk was observed for men with exposure duration above 25 years (SIR=1.75 (1.05 to 2.73))., Conclusions: Our results are in favour of a link between long-duration asbestos exposure and colorectal cancer in men. They also suggest a relationship between asbestos exposure and cancer of the oesophagus in men. Finally, our results suggest a possible association with small intestine and liver cancers in men., (Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.)

Objective: To identify which morphologic or densitometric parameters are modified in cell nuclei from bronchopulmonary cancer based on 18 parameters involving shape, intensity, chromatin, texture, and DNA content and develop a bronchopulmonary cancer screening method relying on analysis of sputum sample cell nuclei., Study Design: A total of 25 sputum samples from controls and 22 bronchial aspiration samples from patients presenting with bronchopulmonary cancer who were professionally exposed to cancer were used. After Feulgen staining, 18 morphologic and DNA content parameters were measured on cell nuclei, via image cytom- etry. A method was developed for analyzing distribution quantiles, compared with simply interpreting mean values, to characterize morphologic modifications in cell nuclei., Results: Distribution analysis of parameters enabled us to distinguish 13 of 18 parameters that demonstrated significant differences between controls and cancer cases. These parameters, used alone, enabled us to distinguish two population types, with both sensitivity and specificity > 70%. Three parameters offered 100% sensitivity and specificity. When mean values offered high sensitivity and specificity, comparable or higher sensitivity and specificity values were observed for at least one of the corresponding quantiles., Conclusion: Analysis of modification in morphologic parameters via distribution analysis proved promising for screening bronchopulmonary cancer from sputum.

Background: Numerous studies have underlined an important deprivation gap in survival in all industrialized countries, prognosis being constantly poorer for the most deprived patients. Beside clinical factors, the explanation of this gap in survival could be partly explained by the influence of socio-geographical environment on cancer care management. The aim of this retrospective population-based study was to investigate the influence of socio-geographical determinants on access to a reference care centre., Methods: The study population included all colorectal cancer patients with surgical treatment diagnosed between 1/01/1997 and 31/12/2004 in Calvados (n=2318). Individual clinical data were supplied by the Calvados registry of the gastrointestinal tumors. Beside geographical variables (distance to nearest cancer center), aggregate socioeconomic data were derived from the last exhaustive census organized by the national statistics institute (INSEE) in 1999. The Townsend deprivation index was used for this study. Due to the hierarchical structure of such variables, a multilevel logistic model was used (Level 1: Patients; Level 2: IRIS2000)., Results: After adjustment on the individual variables, most remote patients were less frequently treated in a reference care center than those who were living near a reference care center (Odds Ratio adjust=0.20 [0.15-0.28], p-trend<0.001). Patients living in an IRIS2000 with high medical density were more likely to receive surgical treatment in a reference care centre (p-trend=0.05). Townsend Deprivation index was not associated with access to reference care center., Conclusion: Access to a reference care center was strongly determined by the distance to nearest care center. Dissemination of clinical guidelines and improvement in treatment in non-reference care centers are crucial in ensuring equality in health care., (2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Background: Although the literature on factors associated with mammography screening is abundant, reasons for underparticipation remain unclear, most studies having focused exclusively on individual factors. This study aimed at investigating the ecological influence of socioeconomic status and healthcare supply on compliance to organized breast cancer screening programs, on an unbiased sample based on data from the entire target population within a French geographical area, Calvados (n=98,822 women)., Methods: Individual data on participation and aggregate data on healthcare supply and socioeconomic status, respectively obtained from the structure responsible for organizing screening and the French census, were analyzed simultaneously using a multilevel model., Results: Uptake was lower among the youngest (50-54 years) and the oldest (70-74 years) women, compared to the intermediate 55-69 year age-group, with respectively OR=0.73 (95%CI: 0.64-0.83) and OR=0.78 (95%CI: 0.67-0.91). Uptake fell with increasing level of deprivation, a difference in uptake probability being observed between the least deprived and the most deprived areas (OR=0.71; 95%CI: 0.59-0.86). Neither radiologist- nor primary care physicians-to-100,000 inhabitants ratios were associated with participation., Conclusions: Multilevel analysis allows to detect areas of weak participation statistically linked to areas of strong deprivation. So, even with organized breast cancer screening giving screening free of charge for target women, ecological socioeconomic factors have a more significant impact on participation than healthcare supply. These results suggest that targeting populations, in accurate geographical areas where women are less likely to participate, as identified socially and geographically in this study, could be adopted to reduce disparities in screening., (Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)