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1. Genomic perspective on the bacillus causing paratyphoid B fever

Author

Hawkey, Jane, Frézal, Lise, Tran Dien, Alicia, Zhukova, Anna, Brown, Derek, Chattaway, Marie Anne, Simon, Sandra, Izumiya, Hidemasa, Fields, Patricia I., De Lappe, Niall, Kaftyreva, Lidia, Xu, Xuebin, Isobe, Junko, Clermont, Dominique, Njamkepo, Elisabeth, Akeda, Yukihiro, Issenhuth-Jeanjean, Sylvie, Makarova, Mariia, Wang, Yanan, Hunt, Martin, Jenkins, Brent M., Ravel, Magali, Guibert, Véronique, Serre, Estelle, Matveeva, Zoya, Fabre, Laëtitia, Cormican, Martin, Yue, Min, Zhu, Baoli, Morita, Masatomo, Iqbal, Zamin, Silva Nodari, Carolina, Pardos de la Gandara, Maria, and Weill, François-Xavier

Published
2024
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3. Detection of novel us neisseria meningitidis urethritis clade subtypes in japan

Author

Takahashi, Hideyuki, Morita, Masatomo, Yasuda, Mitsuru, Ohama, Yuki, Kobori, Yoshitomo, Kojima, Munekado, Shimuta, Ken, Akeda, Yukihiro, and Ohnishi, Makoto

Subjects
Nucleotide sequencing -- Health aspects, Meningitis -- Health aspects, Penicillin G -- Health aspects, Urethritis -- Health aspects, Genomics -- Health aspects, Sexually transmitted diseases -- Health aspects, DNA sequencing -- Health aspects, Genomes -- Health aspects, Disease transmission -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Neisseria meningitidis causes invasive meningococcal diseases (IMDs), such as meningitis and septicemia. N. meningitidis is classified into 12 defined serogroups; however, most IMDs are associated with the serogroups A, B, [...]

Published
2023
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5. Genomic Characteristics of Recently Recognized Vibrio cholerae El Tor Lineages Associated with Cholera in Bangladesh, 1991 to 2017

Author

Monir, Mamun, Hossain, Talal, Morita, Masatomo, Ohnishi, Makoto, Johura, Fatema-Tuz, Sultana, Marzia, Monira, Shirajum, Ahmed, Tahmeed, Thomson, Nicholas, Watanabe, Haruo, Huq, Anwar, Colwell, Rita R, Seed, Kimberley, and Alam, Munirul

Subjects
Vaccine Related, Biotechnology, Human Genome, Prevention, Foodborne Illness, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Genetics, Biodefense, Digestive Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, Bangladesh, Bayes Theorem, Cholera, Cholera Toxin, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genomics, Humans, Vibrio cholerae O1, Vibrio cholerae lineages, antimicrobial resistance, bacterial evolution, comparative genomics, phage-inducible chromosomal island-like elements
Abstract

Comparative genomic analysis of Vibrio cholerae El Tor associated with endemic cholera in Asia revealed two distinct lineages, one dominant in Bangladesh and the other in India. An in-depth whole-genome study of V. cholerae El Tor strains isolated during endemic cholera in Bangladesh (1991 to 2017) included reference genome sequence data obtained online. Core genome phylogeny established using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showed V. cholerae El Tor strains comprised two lineages, BD-1 and BD-2, which, according to Bayesian phylodynamic analysis, originated from paraphyletic group BD-0 around 1981. BD-1 and BD-2 lineages overlapped temporally but were negatively associated as causative agents of cholera during 2004 to 2017. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) revealed 140 SNPs and 31 indels, resulting in gene alleles unique to BD-1 and BD-2. Regression analysis of root to tip distance and year of isolation indicated early BD-0 strains at the base, whereas BD-1 and BD-2 subsequently emerged and progressed by accumulating SNPs. Pangenome analysis provided evidence of gene acquisition by both BD-1 and BD-2, of which six crucial proteins of known function were predominant in BD-2. BD-1 and BD-2 diverged and have distinctively different genomic traits, namely, heterogeneity in VSP-2, VPI-1, mobile elements, toxin encoding elements, and total gene abundance. In addition, the observed phage-inducible chromosomal island-like element (PLE1), and SXT ICE elements (ICETET) in BD-2 presumably provided a fitness advantage for the lineage to outcompete BD-1 as the etiological agent of endemic cholera in Bangladesh, with implications for global cholera epidemiology. IMPORTANCE Cholera is a global disease with specific reference to the Bay of Bengal Ganges Delta where Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor, the causative agent of the disease showed two circulating lineages, one dominant in Bangladesh and the other in India. Results of an in-depth genomic study of V. cholerae associated with endemic cholera during the past 27 years (1991 to 2017) indicate emergence and succession of the two lineages, BD-1 and BD-2, arising from a common ancestral paraphyletic group, BD-0, comprising the early strains and short-term evolution of the bacterium in Bangladesh. Among the two V. cholerae lineages, BD-2 supersedes BD-1 and is predominant in the most recent endemic cholera in Bangladesh. The BD-2 lineage contained significantly more SNPs and indels, and showed richness in gene abundance, including antimicrobial resistance genes, gene cassettes, and PLE to fight against bacteriophage infection, acquired over time. These findings have important epidemic implications on a global scale.

Published
2022

10. Invasive Streptococcus oralis Expressing Serotype 3 Pneumococcal Capsule, Japan

Author

Chang, Bin, Morita, Masatomo, Nariai, Akiyoshi, Kasahara, Kei, Kakutani, Akira, Ogawa, Michinaga, Ohnishi, Makoto, and Oishi, Kazunori

Subjects
Aged -- Medical examination, Streptococcus -- Identification and classification -- Varieties, Emerging communicable diseases -- Diagnosis -- Risk factors -- Demographic aspects, Health
Abstract

Streptococcus oralis is a viridans streptococcus that is divided into 3 subspecies S. oralis subsp. oralis, dentisani, and tigurinus (1). Differentiation between these subspecies and other a-hemolytic streptococci, including S. [...]

Published
2022
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11. Genomic characterization of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales from Dhaka food markets unveils the spread of high-risk antimicrobial-resistant clones and plasmids co-carrying blaNDM and mcr-1.1.

Author

Nisa, Tania Tabassum, Sugawara, Yo, Hamaguchi, Shigeto, Takeuchi, Dan, Abe, Ryuichiro, Kuroda, Eisuke, Morita, Masatomo, Zuo, Hui, Ueda, Akiko, Nishi, Isao, Hossain, Nowrin, Hasan, Md Mahmudul, Siddiqee, Mahbubul H, Nakatani, Daisaku, Nakata, Ken, and Akeda, Yukihiro

Published
2024
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14. Isolation and whole‐genome sequencing analysis of Escherichia fergusonii harboring a heat‐labile enterotoxin gene from retail chicken meat in Okinawa, Japan

Author

Kakita, Tetsuya, primary, Lee, Kenichi, additional, Morita, Masatomo, additional, Okuno, Miki, additional, Kyan, Hisako, additional, Okano, Sho, additional, Maeshiro, Noriyuki, additional, Ishizu, Momoko, additional, Kudeken, Tsuyoshi, additional, Taira, Haruno, additional, Teruya, Morimi, additional, Ogura, Yoshitoshi, additional, Akeda, Yukihiro, additional, and Ohnishi, Makoto, additional

Published
2024
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16. Emergence of ciprofloxacin- and penicillin-resistant Neisseria meningitidis isolates in Japan between 2003 and 2020 and its genetic features

Author

Takahashi, Hideyuki, primary, Morita, Masatomo, additional, Kamiya, Hajime, additional, Fukusumi, Munehisa, additional, Yasuda, Mitsuru, additional, Sunagawa, Masatomi, additional, Nakamura-Miwa, Haruna, additional, Ohama, Yuki, additional, Shimuta, Ken, additional, Ohnishi, Makoto, additional, Saito, Ryoichi, additional, and Akeda, Yukihiro, additional

Published
2023
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18. Prevalence and changing antimicrobial resistance profiles of Shigella spp. isolated from diarrheal patients in Kolkata during 2011–2019.

Author

Bose, Puja, Chowdhury, Goutam, Halder, Gourab, Ghosh, Debjani, Deb, Alok K., Kitahara, Kei, Miyoshi, Shin-ichi, Morita, Masatomo, Ramamurthy, Thandavarayan, Dutta, Shanta, and Mukhopadhyay, Asish Kumar

Subjects
SHIGELLOSIS, DRUG resistance in microorganisms, SHIGELLA, MOBILE genetic elements, CAMPYLOBACTER jejuni, HEALTH services accessibility, DRUG resistance in bacteria
Abstract

Background: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence, characteristics, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of various Shigella serotypes isolated from patients with acute diarrhea of the Infectious Diseases Hospital in Kolkata from 2011–2019. Principal findings: During the study period, Shigella isolates were tested for their serotypes, antibiotic resistance pattern and virulence gene profiles. A total of 5.8% of Shigella spp. were isolated, among which S. flexneri (76.1%) was the highest, followed by S. sonnei (18.7%), S. boydii (3.4%), and S. dysenteriae (1.8%). Antimicrobial resistance against nalidixic acid was higher in almost all the Shigella isolates, while the resistance to β-lactamases, fluoroquinolones, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol diverged. The occurrence of multidrug resistance was found to be linked with various genes encoding drug-resistance, multiple mutations in the topoisomerase genes, and mobile genetic elements. All the isolates were positive for the invasion plasmid antigen H gene (ipaH). Dendrogram analysis of the plasmid and pulsed-field electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles revealed 70–80% clonal similarity among each Shigella serotype. Conclusion: This comprehensive long-term surveillance report highlights the clonal diversity of clinical Shigella strains circulating in Kolkata, India, and shows alarming resistance trends towards recommended antibiotics. The elucidation of this study's outcome is helpful not only in identifying emerging antimicrobial resistance patterns of Shigella spp. but also in developing treatment guidelines appropriate for this region. Author summary: Shigella spp. is one of the WHO-designated "antibiotic-resistant priority pathogens" that is the leading cause of bacterial diarrhea among children worldwide. The distribution of Shigella species varies depending on the geographic location, particularly in regions where environmental risk factors like substandard water quality, limited healthcare accessibility, and insufficient sanitation are widespread. The presence of serotype diversity and drug resistance combinations often leads to treatment failures. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend the prevailing serogroups and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Shigella species in different geographical areas to implement effective treatment strategies. We have identified 535 Shigella positive cases from 9276 diarrheal cases. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Shigella globally requires a profound understanding of its genetic diversity, as there is significant regional variation in MDR strains. In our study, we observed a broad spectrum of resistance among the Shigella strains, with over 53.6% of the isolates demonstrating multidrug resistance. Representative isolates were evaluated for antimicrobial resistance encoding and virulence-associated genes as they enact significantly in disease development and interaction with the host immune system. This report marks the initial presentation of the outcomes from long-term surveillance and molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistances in clinical Shigella strains in Kolkata since 2011. The outcome of this investigations will guide in identifying emerging antimicrobial resistance trend, formulating suitable treatment guidelines tailored to the community's needs, and establishing baseline data for comparison with potential outbreak strains in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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21. Emergence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus serotype O10:K4 in Thailand

Author

Okada, Kazuhisa, primary, Roobthaisong, Amonrattana, additional, Hearn, Suthida Muangnoicharoen, additional, Okada, Pilailuk Akkapaiboon, additional, Doung‐Ngern, Pawinee, additional, Wongboot, Warawan, additional, Nakkarach, Atchareeya, additional, Morita, Masatomo, additional, Kodama, Toshio, additional, and Iida, Tetsuya, additional

Published
2023
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23. First confirmed case of infant botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum type A(B) in a 10-month-old infant in Hanoi, Vietnam

Author

Nga, Tang Thi, primary, Hoang, Le Huy, additional, Trang, Le Thi, additional, Tram, Nguyen Thuy, additional, Yen, Pham Bao, additional, Trung, Nguyen Thanh, additional, Giang, Nguyen Thi Huong, additional, Duong, Dang Thi Thuy, additional, Tuan, Ta Anh, additional, Tho, Bui Thi, additional, Morita, Masatomo, additional, Kenri, Tsuyoshi, additional, and Senoh, Mitsutoshi, additional

Published
2022
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26. First report of foodborne botulism due to Clostridium botulinum type A(B) from vegetarian home-canned pate in Hanoi, Vietnam

Author

Hoang, Le Huy, primary, Nga, Tang Thi, additional, Tram, Nguyen Thuy, additional, Trang, Le Thi, additional, Ha, Hoang Thi Thu, additional, Hoang, Tran Huy, additional, Anh, Dang Duc, additional, Yen, Pham Bao, additional, Nguyen, Nguyen Trung, additional, Morita, Masatomo, additional, Kenri, Tsuyoshi, additional, and Senoh, Mitsutoshi, additional

Published
2022
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27. Genomic attributes of Vibrio cholerae responsible for a massive cholera outbreak in Bangladesh, 2022

Author

Alam, Munirul, primary, Monir, Md Mamun, additional, Islam, Mohammad Tarequl, additional, Mazumder, Razib, additional, Mondal, Dinesh, additional, Nahar, Kazi Sumaita, additional, Sultana, Marzia, additional, Morita, Masatomo, additional, Ohnishi, Makoto, additional, Huq, Anwar, additional, Watanabe, Haruo, additional, Qadri, Firdausi, additional, Rahman, Mustafizur, additional, Thomson, Nick, additional, Seed, Kimberley, additional, Colwell, Rita R., additional, and Ahmed, Tahmeed, additional

Published
2022
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29. Genomic dissection of the Vibrio cholerae O-serogroup global reference strains: reassessing our view of diversity and plasticity between two chromosomes

Author

Murase, Kazunori, primary, Arakawa, Eiji, additional, Izumiya, Hidemasa, additional, Iguchi, Atsushi, additional, Takemura, Taichiro, additional, Kikuchi, Taisei, additional, Nakagawa, Ichiro, additional, Thomson, Nicholas R., additional, Ohnishi, Makoto, additional, and Morita, Masatomo, additional

Published
2022
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31. Outbreak of Legionnaire's disease caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 and 13

Author

Kuroki, Toshiro, Amemura-Maekawa, Junko, Ohya, Hitomi, Furukawa, Ichiro, Suzuki, Miyuki, Masaoka, Tomoka, Aikawa, Kastuhiro, Hibi, Kazumi, Morita, Masatomo, Lee, Ken-ichi, Ohnishi, Makoto, and Kura, Fumiaki

Subjects
Genotypes -- Identification and classification, Legionnaires' disease -- Causes of, Virulence (Microbiology) -- Genetic aspects, Legionella pneumophila -- Genetic aspects, Health
Abstract

Infection with Legionella bacteria is one of the major causes of community-acquired pneumonia (1). In Japan, the major sources of Legionella infection are hot springs and public baths (2). Among [...]

Published
2017
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32. Genomic dissection of the Vibrio cholerae O-serogroup global reference strains: reassessing our view of diversity and plasticity between two chromosomes

Author

40710869, 70294113, Murase, Kazunori, Arakawa, Eiji, Izumiya, Hidemasa, Iguchi, Atsushi, Takemura, Taichiro, Kikuchi, Taisei, Nakagawa, Ichiro, Thomson, R, Nicholas, Ohnishi, Makoto, Morita, Masatomo, 40710869, 70294113, Murase, Kazunori, Arakawa, Eiji, Izumiya, Hidemasa, Iguchi, Atsushi, Takemura, Taichiro, Kikuchi, Taisei, Nakagawa, Ichiro, Thomson, R, Nicholas, Ohnishi, Makoto, and Morita, Masatomo

Abstract

Approximately 200 O-serogroups of Vibrio cholerae have already been identified; however, only 2 serogroups, O1 and O139, are strongly related to pandemic cholera. The study of non-O1 and non-O139 strains has hitherto been limited. Nevertheless, there are other clinically and epidemiologically important serogroups causing outbreaks with cholera-like disease. Here, we report a comprehensive genome analysis of the whole set of V. cholerae O-serogroup reference strains to provide an overview of this important bacterial pathogen. It revealed structural diversity of the O-antigen biosynthesis gene clusters located at specific loci on chromosome 1 and 16 pairs of strains with almost identical O-antigen biosynthetic gene clusters but differing in serological patterns. This might be due to the presence of O-antigen biosynthesis-related genes at secondary loci on chromosome 2.

Published
2022

33. Genomic Characteristics of Recently Recognized Vibrio cholerae El Tor Lineages Associated with Cholera in Bangladesh, 1991 to 2017.

Author

Monir, Md Mamun, Andam, Cheryl P1, Monir, Md Mamun, Hossain, Talal, Morita, Masatomo, Ohnishi, Makoto, Johura, Fatema-Tuz, Sultana, Marzia, Monira, Shirajum, Ahmed, Tahmeed, Thomson, Nicholas, Watanabe, Haruo, Huq, Anwar, Colwell, Rita R, Seed, Kimberley, Alam, Munirul, Monir, Md Mamun, Andam, Cheryl P1, Monir, Md Mamun, Hossain, Talal, Morita, Masatomo, Ohnishi, Makoto, Johura, Fatema-Tuz, Sultana, Marzia, Monira, Shirajum, Ahmed, Tahmeed, Thomson, Nicholas, Watanabe, Haruo, Huq, Anwar, Colwell, Rita R, Seed, Kimberley, and Alam, Munirul

Abstract

Comparative genomic analysis of Vibrio cholerae El Tor associated with endemic cholera in Asia revealed two distinct lineages, one dominant in Bangladesh and the other in India. An in-depth whole-genome study of V. cholerae El Tor strains isolated during endemic cholera in Bangladesh (1991 to 2017) included reference genome sequence data obtained online. Core genome phylogeny established using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showed V. cholerae El Tor strains comprised two lineages, BD-1 and BD-2, which, according to Bayesian phylodynamic analysis, originated from paraphyletic group BD-0 around 1981. BD-1 and BD-2 lineages overlapped temporally but were negatively associated as causative agents of cholera during 2004 to 2017. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) revealed 140 SNPs and 31 indels, resulting in gene alleles unique to BD-1 and BD-2. Regression analysis of root to tip distance and year of isolation indicated early BD-0 strains at the base, whereas BD-1 and BD-2 subsequently emerged and progressed by accumulating SNPs. Pangenome analysis provided evidence of gene acquisition by both BD-1 and BD-2, of which six crucial proteins of known function were predominant in BD-2. BD-1 and BD-2 diverged and have distinctively different genomic traits, namely, heterogeneity in VSP-2, VPI-1, mobile elements, toxin encoding elements, and total gene abundance. In addition, the observed phage-inducible chromosomal island-like element (PLE1), and SXT ICE elements (ICETET) in BD-2 presumably provided a fitness advantage for the lineage to outcompete BD-1 as the etiological agent of endemic cholera in Bangladesh, with implications for global cholera epidemiology. IMPORTANCE Cholera is a global disease with specific reference to the Bay of Bengal Ganges Delta where Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor, the causative agent of the disease showed two circulating lineages, one dominant in Bangladesh and the other in India. Results of an in-depth genomic study of V. cholerae associated

Published
2022

37. Additional file 2 of Genomic insights into virulence factors affecting tissue-invasive Klebsiella pneumoniae infection

Author

Matono, Takashi, Morita, Masatomo, Nakao, Nodoka, Teshima, Yuji, and Ohnishi, Makoto

Abstract

Additional file 2: Table S2. Clinical and microbiological characteristics of the patients infected with K. pneumoniae species complex (n = 16). Table S3. Clinical and microbiological characteristics of the patients: infected versus colonized (n = 112). Table S4. Variables analyzed for the prediction of K. pneumoniae infection. Table S5. Clinical and microbiological characteristics of patients with hvKp infection (n = 19).

Published
2022
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39. Genomic characteristics of recently recognized Vibrio cholerae El Tor lineages associated with cholera in Bangladesh, 1991-2017

Author

Monir, Md Mamun, primary, Hossain, Talal, additional, Morita, Masatomo, additional, Ohnishi, Makoto, additional, Johura, Fatema-tuj, additional, Sultana, Marzia, additional, Monira, Shirajum, additional, Ahmed, Tahmeed, additional, Thomson, Nicholas, additional, Watanabe, Haruo, additional, Huq, Anwar, additional, Colwell, Rita R., additional, Seed, Kimberley D, additional, and Alam, Munirul, additional

Published
2021
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40. Corrigendum to: Phylogenetic Analysis Revealed the Dissemination of Closely Related Epidemic Vibrio cholerae O1 Isolates in Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam

Author

Morita, Masatomo, primary, Okada, Kazuhisa, additional, Yamashiro, Tetsu, additional, Sekizuka, Tsuyoshi, additional, Roobthaisong, Amonrattana, additional, Wongboot, Warawan, additional, Chantaroj, Siriporn, additional, Tu, Nguyen Dong, additional, Xangsayarath, Phonepadith, additional, Sithivong, Noikaseumsy, additional, Noilath, Khambai, additional, Vongdouangchanh, Arounnapha, additional, Kuroda, Makoto, additional, Hamada, Shigeyuki, additional, Izumiya, Hidemasa, additional, and Ohnishi, Makoto, additional

Published
2021
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45. Virulence of Cholera Toxin Gene-Positive Vibrio cholerae Non-O1/non-O139 Strains Isolated From Environmental Water in Kolkata, India

Author

Takahashi, Eizo, primary, Ochi, Sadayuki, additional, Mizuno, Tamaki, additional, Morita, Daichi, additional, Morita, Masatomo, additional, Ohnishi, Makoto, additional, Koley, Hemanta, additional, Dutta, Moumita, additional, Chowdhury, Goutam, additional, Mukhopadhyay, Asish K., additional, Dutta, Shanta, additional, Miyoshi, Shin-Ichi, additional, and Okamoto, Keinosuke, additional

Published
2021
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47. An outbreak of serotype 19A pneumococcal pneumonia in a relief facility in Japan

Author

Nagano, Kei, primary, Kawasaki, Satoshi, additional, Moro, Hiroshi, additional, Chang, Bin, additional, Bamba, Yuuki, additional, Yamamoto, Ayako, additional, Morita, Masatomo, additional, Ohnishi, Makoto, additional, Shibata, Satoshi, additional, Koizumi, Takeshi, additional, Aoki, Nobumasa, additional, Honma, Yasuo, additional, Abe, Tetsuya, additional, Koya, Toshiyuki, additional, Aoki, Nobuki, additional, and Kikuchi, Toshiaki, additional

Published
2021
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48. Virulence of Cholera Toxin Gene-Positive Vibrio cholerae Non-O1/non-O139 Strains Isolated From Environmental Water in Kolkata, India

Author

Takahashi, Eizo, Ochi, Sadayuki, Mizuno, Tamaki, Morita, Daichi, Morita, Masatomo, Ohnishi, Makoto, Koley, Hemanta, Dutta, Moumita, Chowdhury, Goutam, Mukhopadhyay, Asish K., Dutta, Shanta, Miyoshi, Shin-Ichi, Okamoto, Keinosuke, Takahashi, Eizo, Ochi, Sadayuki, Mizuno, Tamaki, Morita, Daichi, Morita, Masatomo, Ohnishi, Makoto, Koley, Hemanta, Dutta, Moumita, Chowdhury, Goutam, Mukhopadhyay, Asish K., Dutta, Shanta, Miyoshi, Shin-Ichi, and Okamoto, Keinosuke

Abstract

Cholera toxin (CT)-producing Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 cause acute diarrheal disease and are proven etiological agents of cholera epidemics and pandemics. On the other hand, V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 are designated as non-agglutinable (NAG) vibrios and are not associated with epidemic cholera. The majority of NAG vibrios do not possess the gene for CT (ctx). In this study, we isolated three NAG strains (strains No. 1, 2, and 3) with ctx from pond water in Kolkata, India, and examined their pathogenic properties. The enterotoxicity of the three NAG strains in vivo was examined using the rabbit ileal intestinal loop test. Strain No. 1 induced the accumulation of fluid in the loop, and the volume of fluid was reduced by simultaneous administration of anti-CT antiserum into the loop. The volume of fluid in the loop caused by strains No. 2 and 3 was small and undetectable, respectively. Then, we cultured these three strains in liquid medium in vitro at two temperatures, 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C, and examined the amount of CT accumulated in the culture supernatant. CT was accumulated in the culture supernatant of strain No.1 when the strain was cultured at 25 degrees C, but that was low when cultured at 37 degrees C. The CT amount accumulated in the culture supernatants of the No. 2 and No. 3 strains was extremely low at both temperature under culture conditions examined. In order to clarify the virulence properties of these strains, genome sequences of the three strains were analyzed. The analysis showed that there was no noticeable difference among three isolates both in the genes for virulence factors and regulatory genes of ctx. However, vibrio seventh pandemic island-II (VSP-II) was retained in strain No. 1, but not in strains No. 2 or 3. Furthermore, it was revealed that the genotype of the B subunit of CT in strain No. 1 was type 1 and those of strains No. 2 and 3 were type 8. Histopathological examination showed the disappearance of villi in intestinal ti

Published
2021

50. Distribution and Variation of Serotypes and Pneumococcal Surface Protein A Clades of Streptococcus pneumoniae Strains Isolated From Adult Patients With Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Japan

Author

Chang, Bin, primary, Kinjo, Yuki, additional, Morita, Masatomo, additional, Tamura, Kosuke, additional, Watanabe, Hiroshi, additional, Tanabe, Yoshinari, additional, Kuronuma, Koji, additional, Fujita, Jiro, additional, Oshima, Kengo, additional, Maruyama, Takaya, additional, Abe, Shuichi, additional, Kasahara, Kei, additional, Nishi, Junichiro, additional, Kubota, Tetsuya, additional, Ohnishi, Makoto, additional, Suga, Shigeru, additional, and Oishi, Kazunori, additional

Published
2021
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