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12. The Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2): Science requirements, concept, and implementation

Author

Markus, Thorsten, Neumann, Tom, Martino, Anthony, Abdalati, Waleed, Brunt, Kelly, Csatho, Beata, Farrell, Sinead, Fricker, Helen, Gardner, Alex, Harding, David, Jasinski, Michael, Kwok, Ron, Magruder, Lori, Lubin, Dan, Luthcke, Scott, Morison, James, Nelson, Ross, Neuenschwander, Amy, Palm, Stephen, Popescu, Sorin, Shum, CK, Schutz, Bob E., Smith, Benjamin, Yang, Yuekui, and Zwally, Jay

Published
2017
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14. Simulating impacts on UK air quality from net-zero forest planting scenarios

Author

Purser, Gemma, Heal, Mathew R., Carnell, Edward J., Bathgate, Stephen, Drewer, Julia, Morison, James I.L., Vieno, Massimo, Purser, Gemma, Heal, Mathew R., Carnell, Edward J., Bathgate, Stephen, Drewer, Julia, Morison, James I.L., and Vieno, Massimo

Abstract

The UK proposes additional bioenergy plantations and afforestation as part of measures to meet net-zero greenhouse gas emissions, but species and locations are not yet decided. Different tree species emit varying amounts of isoprene and monoterpene volatile organic compounds that are precursors to ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, the latter of which is a component of PM2.5. The forest canopy also acts as a depositional sink for air pollutants. All these processes are meteorologically influenced. We present here a first step at coupling information on tree species planting suitability and other planting constraints with data on UK-specific BVOC emission rates and tree canopy data to simulate via the WRF-EMEP4UK high spatial resolution atmospheric chemistry transport model the impact on UK air quality of four potential scenarios. Our ‘maximum planting’ scenarios are based on planting areas where yields are predicted to be ≥50 % of the maximum from the Ecological Site Classification Decision Support System (ESC-DSS) for Eucalyptus gunnii, hybrid aspen (Populus tremula), Italian alder (Alnus cordata) and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis). The additional areas of forest in our scenarios are 2.0 to 2.7 times current suggestions for new bioenergy and afforestation landcover in the UK. Our planting scenarios increase UK annual mean surface ozone concentrations by 1.0 ppb or 3 % relative to the baseline landcover for the highest BVOC emitting species (e.g., E. gunni). Increases in ozone reach 2 ppb in summer when BVOC emissions are greatest. In contrast, all the additional planting scenarios lead to reductions in UK annual mean PM2.5 – ranging from -0.2 µg m-3 (-3 %) for Sitka spruce to -0.5 µg m-3 (-7 %) for aspen – revealing that PM2.5 deposition to the additional forest canopy area more than offsets additional SOA formation. Relative decreases in annual mean PM2.5 are greater than the relative increases in annual mean ozone. Reductions in PM2.5 are least

Published
2023

17. Does gas-phase sulfur dioxide remove films of atmosphere-extracted organic material from the aqueous aerosol air–water interface?Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Data accessible through ISIS open access data. See DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ea00098f

Author

Stuckey, Edward J., Welbourn, Rebecca J. L., Jones, Stephanie H., Armstrong, Alexander J., Wilkinson, Matthew, Morison, James I. L., and King, Martin D.

Abstract

The reaction of gas-phase SO2with unsaturated carbon–carbon double bonds forms organosulfates at the surface of the aerosol. Previous studies have focused on the reaction products and not the fate of organic films in the atmosphere. Neutron reflectometry was used to study the interaction of gas-phase SO2at the air–water interface with organic material extracted from atmospheric particulate matter and pure proxy chemicals to determine whether the reaction of organic films with SO2removes the film and if a product film is formed. Films formed from atmospheric aerosol collected in urban and woodland environments typically produced a layer of approximately 0.6 nm thickness, whereas a thick (>40 nm) film was formed by the woodsmoke sample. Fitting of this thicker woodsmoke film suggested a three-layered structure at the interface that has been interpreted to be consistent with a surfactant-rich layer next to the air–water interface, a mid-layer rich in polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and topped with a more aliphatic region. The multilayer structure of atmospheric extracted material at the air–water interface is potentially an exciting result that requires further study. Gas-phase SO2was confirmed to react with pure insoluble surfactant molecules at the air–water interface that contained carbon–carbon double bonds (oleic acid) and did not react with a similar saturated surfactant (stearic acid). No reaction was observed during the interaction of SO2and atmospheric material extracted from urban and woodland environments, and no material appeared to be removed from the interface; however, films made from woodsmoke-extracted material did appear to be altered by SO2but there was no significant loss of material. In addition, the gas-phase ozone mixing ratios in the neutron blockhouse, which have historically been of some concern for reactions with organics, were found to be of the order 15 ppb, with no evidence of additional production in the neutron beam-path. Owing to a lack of substantial removal of material from real atmospheric extracted films, SO2is not considered atmospherically significant for the removal of organic films from the air–water interface.

Published
2024
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18. Demography DGVMs, Forest Management, Reforestation, and Afforestation: Evaluations of JULES-RED at a Sitka Spruce Plantation

Author

Argles, Arthur, primary, Robertson, Eddy, additional, Harper, Anna, additional, Morison, James, additional, Xenakis, Georgios, additional, Hastings, Astley, additional, Mccalmont, Jon, additional, Moore, Jon, additional, Bateman, Ian, additional, Gannon, Kate, additional, Betts, Richard, additional, Bathgate, Stephen, additional, Thomas, Justin, additional, Heard, Matthew, additional, and Cox, Peter, additional

Published
2023
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25. Modelling the impact of forest management and CO2-fertilisation on growth and demography in a Sitka spruce plantation.

Author

Argles, Arthur P. K., Robertson, Eddy, Harper, Anna B., Morison, James I. L., Xenakis, Georgios, Hastings, Astley, Mccalmont, Jon, Moore, Jon R., Bateman, Ian J., Gannon, Kate, Betts, Richard A., Bathgate, Stephen, Thomas, Justin, Heard, Matthew, and Cox, Peter M.

Subjects
FOREST management, SITKA spruce, LEAF area index, FOREST density, DEMOGRAPHY, BIOMASS conversion
Abstract

Afforestation and reforestation to meet 'Net Zero' emissions targets are considered a necessary policy by many countries. Their potential benefits are usually assessed through forest carbon and growth models. The implementation of vegetation demography gives scope to represent forest management and other size-dependent processes within land surface models (LSMs). In this paper, we evaluate the impact of including management within an LSM that represents demography, using both in-situ and reanalysis climate drivers at a mature, upland Sitka spruce plantation in Northumberland, UK. We compare historical simulations with fixed and variable CO2 concentrations, and with and without tree thinning implemented. Simulations are evaluated against the observed vegetation structure and carbon fluxes. Including thinning and the impact of increasing CO2 concentration ('CO2 fertilisation') gave more realistic estimates of stand-structure and physical characteristics. Historical CO2 fertilisation had a noticeable effect on the Gross Primary Productivity seasonal–diurnal cycle and contributed to approximately 7% higher stand biomass by 2018. The net effect of both processes resulted in a decrease of tree density and biomass, but an increase in tree height and leaf area index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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27. Arabidopsis HEAT SHOCK TRANSCRIPTION FACTORA1b overexpression enhances water productivity, resistance to drought, and infection

Author

Bechtold, Ulrike, Albihlal, Waleed S., Lawson, Tracy, Fryer, Michael J., Sparrow, Penelope A.C., Richard, François, Persad, Ramona, Bowden, Laura, Hickman, Richard, Martin, Cathie, Beynon, Jim L., Buchanan-Wollaston, Vicky, Baker, Neil R., Morison, James I.L., Schöffl, Friedrich, Ott, Sascha, and Mullineaux, Philip M.

Published
2013
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28. Emerging Technologies and Approaches for In Situ, Autonomous Observing in the Arctic

Author

Lee, Craig, DeGrandpre, Michael, Guthrie, John, Hill, Victoria, Kwok, Ron, Morison, James, Cox, Christopher, Singh, Hanumant, Stanton, Timothy, Wilkinson, Jeremy, Lee, Craig, DeGrandpre, Michael, Guthrie, John, Hill, Victoria, Kwok, Ron, Morison, James, Cox, Christopher, Singh, Hanumant, Stanton, Timothy, and Wilkinson, Jeremy

Abstract

Understanding and predicting Arctic change and its impacts on global climate requires broad, sustained observations of the atmosphere-ice-ocean system, yet technological and logistical challenges severely restrict the temporal and spatial scope of observing efforts. Satellite remote sensing provides unprecedented, pan-Arctic measurements of the surface, but complementary in situ observations are required to complete the picture. Over the past few decades, a diverse range of autonomous platforms have been developed to make broad, sustained observations of the ice-free ocean, often with near-real-time data delivery. Though these technologies are well suited to the difficult environmental conditions and remote logistics that complicate Arctic observing, they face a suite of additional challenges, such as limited access to satellite services that make geolocation and communication possible. This paper reviews new platform and sensor developments, adaptations of mature technologies, and approaches for their use, placed within the framework of Arctic Ocean observing needs.

Published
2022

29. A review of planting principles to identify the right place for the right tree for ‘net zero plus’ woodlands: Applying a place‐based natural capital framework for sustainable, efficient and equitable (SEE) decisions

Author

Bateman, Ian J., primary, Anderson, Karen, additional, Argles, Arthur, additional, Belcher, Claire, additional, Betts, Richard A., additional, Binner, Amy, additional, Brazier, Richard E., additional, Cho, Frankie H. T., additional, Collins, Rebecca M., additional, Day, Brett H., additional, Duran‐Rojas, Carolina, additional, Eisenbarth, Sabrina, additional, Gannon, Kate, additional, Gatis, Naomi, additional, Groom, Ben, additional, Hails, Rosie, additional, Harper, Anna B., additional, Harwood, Amii, additional, Hastings, Astley, additional, Heard, Matthew S., additional, Hill, Timothy C., additional, Inman, Alex, additional, Lee, Christopher F., additional, Luscombe, David J., additional, MacKenzie, Angus R., additional, Mancini, Mattia C., additional, Morison, James I. L., additional, Morris, Aaron, additional, Quine, Chris P., additional, Snowdon, Pat, additional, Tyler, Charles R., additional, Vanguelova, Elena I., additional, Wilkinson, Matthew, additional, Williamson, Daniel, additional, and Xenakis, Georgios, additional

Published
2022
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37. Preface

Author

Jones, Hamlyn G. and Morison, James

Published
2007

41. Drought risk in Scottish forests

Author

Locatelli, Tom, Beauchamp, Kate, Perks, Mike, Xenakis, Georgios, Nicoll, Bruce, and Morison, James

Subjects
climate change, Scotland, food and beverages, Forestry, drought, policy and practice
Abstract

Drought, as a significant risk to Scottish forests, is likely to be exacerbated by the changing climate. In light of increased drought events in recent years, we were asked to review the available evidence, and report on current drought-related research activities relevant to the forestry sector in Scotland. This report summarises the current state of research, describes ongoing projects and identifies knowledge gaps and potential research directions. Considerations around the policy and practice implications are made taking into account the available information. Drought, as a significant risk to Scottish forests, is likely to be exacerbated by the changing climate. In light of increased drought events in recent years, we were asked to review the available evidence, and report on current drought-related research activities relevant to the forestry sector in Scotland. This report summarises the current state of research, describes ongoing projects and identifies knowledge gaps and potential research directions. Considerations around the policy and practice implications are made taking into account the available information.

Published
2021

47. Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean

Author

Uttal, Taneil, Curry, Judith A., McPhee, Miles G., Perovich, Donald K., Moritz, Richard E., Maslanik, James A., Guest, Peter S., Stern, Harry L., Moore, James A., Turenne, Rene, Heiberg, Andreas, Serreze, Mark. C., Wylie, Donald P., Persson, Ola G., Paulson, Clayton A., Halle, Christopher, Morison, James H., Wheeler, Patricia A., Makshtas, Alexander, Welch, Harold, Shupe, Matthew D., Intrieri, Janet M., Stamnes, Knut, Lindsey, Ronald W., Pinkel, Robert, Pegau, W. Scott, Stanton, Timothy P., and Grenfeld, Thomas C.

Published
2002

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