1. The serine protease inhibitor camostat inhibits influenza virus replication and cytokine production in primary cultures of human tracheal epithelial cells
- Author
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Mutsuo Yamaya, Nadine Lusamba Kalonji, Yukiko Tando, Kaori Matsuo, Morio Homma, Yasuo Kitajima, Ryoichi Nagatomi, Hiroshi Kubo, Seiji Hongo, Hidekazu Nishimura, Yoshitaka Shimotai, and Yukimasa Hatachi
- Subjects
Male ,viruses ,Virus Replication ,Guanidines ,Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells ,Serine ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,PVDF, polyvinylidene difluoride ,Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ,Camostat ,AEBSF ,DF-12, mixture of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium-Ham's F-12 medium ,Airway epithelial cell ,Pharmacology (medical) ,HAT, human trypsin-like protease ,ANOVA, analysis of variance ,MOI, multiplicity of infection ,Cells, Cultured ,TNF, tumor necrosis factor ,DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium ,biology ,LDH, lactate dehydrogenase ,SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ,virus diseases ,Esters ,ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ,Middle Aged ,TCID, tissue culture infective dose ,AEBSF, 4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulfonyl fluoride ,Serine protease ,Trachea ,LPS, lipopolysaccharide ,PBS-T, phosphate buffered saline with Tween® 20 ,RT, room temperature ,RNA, Viral ,Female ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Proteases ,Serine Proteinase Inhibitors ,Gabexate ,SARS-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ,USG, Ultroser G ,Virus ,Article ,Aprotinin ,Dogs ,PBS, phosphate buffered saline ,F-12, Ham's F-12 medium ,MDCK, Madin Darby Canine Kidney ,Influenza, Human ,Animals ,Humans ,IFN, interferon ,Aged ,MEM, Eagle's minimum essential medium ,CLEIA, chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay ,Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ,Biochemistry (medical) ,KIU, Kallikrein Inhibitor Unit ,Epithelial Cells ,Interleukin ,Virology ,Influenza ,IL, interleukin ,NS2-3 protease ,TMPRSS, transmembrane protease serine S1 member ,Viral replication ,chemistry ,COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ,biology.protein ,Cell culture ,HA, hemagglutinin - Abstract
Background Serine proteases act through the proteolytic cleavage of the hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza viruses for the entry of influenza virus into cells, resulting in infection. However, the inhibitory effects of serine protease inhibitors on influenza virus infection of human airway epithelial cells, and on their production of inflammatory cytokines are unclear. Methods Primary cultures of human tracheal epithelial cells were treated with four types of serine protease inhibitors, including camostat, and infected with A/Sendai-H/108/2009/(H1N1) pdm09 or A/New York/55/2004(H3N2). Results Camostat reduced the amounts of influenza viruses in the supernatants and viral RNA in the cells. It reduced the cleavage of an influenza virus precursor protein, HA0, into the subunit HA1. Camostat also reduced the concentrations of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the supernatants. Gabexate and aprotinin reduced the viral titers and RNA levels in the cells, and aprotinin reduced the concentrations of TNF-α in the supernatants. The proteases transmembrane protease serine S1 member (TMPRSS) 2 and HAT (human trypsin-like protease: TMPRSS11D), which are known to cleave HA0 and to activate the virus, were detected at the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm. mRNA encoding TMPRSS2, TMPRSS4 and TMPRSS11D was detectable in the cells, and the expression levels were not affected by camostat. Conclusions These findings suggest that human airway epithelial cells express these serine proteases and that serine protease inhibitors, especially camostat, may reduce influenza viral replication and the resultant production of inflammatory cytokines possibly through inhibition of activities of these proteases.
- Published
- 2015