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207 results on '"Morillon, Benjamin"'

1. Beyond acoustics -- capacity limitations of linguistic levels

Author

Giroud, Jérémy and Morillon, Benjamin

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition
Abstract

Speech is a multiplexed signal displaying levels of complexity, organizational principles and perceptual units of analysis at distinct timescales. This critical acoustic signal for human communication is thus characterized at distinct representational and temporal scales, related to distinct linguistic features, from acoustic to supra-lexical. This chapter presents an overview of experimental work devoted to the characterization of the speech signal at different timescales, beyond its acoustic properties. The functional relevance of these different levels of analysis for speech processing is discussed. We advocate that studying speech perception through the prism of multi-time scale representations effectively integrates work from various research areas into a coherent picture and contributes significantly to increase our knowledge on the topic. Finally, we discuss how these experimental results fit with neural data and current dynamical models of speech perception., Comment: Rhythms of Speech and Language-Table of Contents, In press

Published
2024

5. Does prediction drive neural alignment in conversation?

Author

Kerr, Emilia, Strijkers, Kristof, and Morillon, Benjamin

Subjects
Neuroscience, Language Production, Language understanding, Predictive Processing, Electroencephalography (EEG)
Abstract

A behavioural and two EEG hyper-scanning experiments are presented which investigate how predictive processing modulates the way interlocutors align behaviourally and at the level of the brain (Hasson, 2012; Pickering & Garrod, 2007). In the experiments interlocutors engaged in dyadic interactions performing a semi-controlled semantic association game and where the p predictability of the semantic associations was manipulated. The behavioural results showed that both interlocutors were around 400 ms faster in the predictable versus non-predictable conditions The results of the two EEG studies aim at demonstrating (1) whether we observe brain-to-brain synchronisation between the interlocutors at the level of word semantics, and (2) whether prediction enhances this synchronisation. To our knowledge, this is the first study to directly demonstrate prediction effects in an interaction.

Published
2024

9. Spectrotemporal cues and attention modulate neural networks for speech and music

Author

Haiduk, Felix, BENJAMIN, Lucas, Morillon, Benjamin, and Albouy, Philippe

Subjects
cognitive science
Abstract

Speech and music are fundamental human communication modes. To what extent they rely on specific brain networks or exploit general auditory mechanisms based on their spectrotemporal acoustic structure is debated. We aimed at defining connectivity patterns modulated by attention to auditory content and spectrotemporal information, using fMRI. Participants tried to recognise sung speech stimuli that were gradually deprived of spectral or temporal information. Although auditory cortices appeared to specialise in temporal (left) and spectral (right) encoding, modularity of the bilateral connectivity network was largely unaffected by spectrotemporal degradations or attention. However, while participants' recognition decreased when necessary acoustic information - spectral for attention to melodies, temporal for attention to sentences - was degraded, efficiency of information flow in the network increased, and different subnetworks emerged. This suggests that the loss of crucial spectral (melody) or temporal (speech) information is compensated within the network by recruiting more and differential neural ressources.

Published
2021

10. Modulation in background music influences sustained attention

Author

Woods, Kevin J P, Hewett, Adam, Spencer, Andrea, Morillon, Benjamin, and Loui, Psyche

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition, Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
Abstract

Background music is known to affect performance on cognitive tasks, possibly due to temporal modulations in the acoustic signal, but little is known about how music should be designed to aid performance. Since acoustic modulation has been shown to shape neural activity in known networks, we chose to test the effects of acoustic modulation on sustained attention, which requires activity in these networks and is a common ingredient for success across many tasks. To understand how specific aspects of background music influence sustained attention, we manipulated the rate and depth of amplitude modulations imposed on otherwise identical music. This produced stimuli that were musically and acoustically identical except for a peak in the modulation spectrum that could change intensity or shift location under manipulations of depth or rate respectively. These controlled musical backgrounds were presented to participants (total N = 677) during the sustained attention to response (SART) task. In two experiments, we show performance benefits due to added modulation, with best performance at 16 Hz (beta band) rate and higher modulation depths; neighboring parameter settings did not produce this benefit. Further examination of individual differences within our overall sample showed that those with a high level of self-reported ADHD symptomaticity tended to perform better with more intense beta modulation. These results suggest optimal parameters for adding modulation to background music, which are consistent with theories of oscillatory dynamics that relate auditory stimulation to behavior, yet demonstrate the need for a personalized approach in creating functional music for everyday use., Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures. Behavioral portion of larger planned manuscript to include neuroimaging. Comments welcome (kevin@brain.fm)

Published
2019

25. Music and Language

Author

Schön, Daniele, Morillon, Benjamin, Thaut, Michael H., book editor, and Hodges, Donald A., book editor

Published
2019
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42. Modulation in background music influences sustained attention

Author

Woods, Kevin J P, Hewett, Adam, Spencer, Andrea, Morillon, Benjamin, Loui, Psyche, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institute of Language, Communication and the Brain (ILCB), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-CONV-0002,ILCB,ILCB: Institute of Language Communication and the Brain(2016), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Morillon, Benjamin, ILCB: Institute of Language Communication and the Brain - - ILCB2016 - ANR-16-CONV-0002 - CONV - VALID, and INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE - - Amidex2011 - ANR-11-IDEX-0001 - IDEX - VALID

Subjects
[SCCO]Cognitive science, Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition, FOS: Biological sciences, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC), [SCCO] Cognitive science, Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, behavioral disciplines and activities, Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM), humanities
Abstract

Background music is known to affect performance on cognitive tasks, possibly due to temporal modulations in the acoustic signal, but little is known about how music should be designed to aid performance. Since acoustic modulation has been shown to shape neural activity in known networks, we chose to test the effects of acoustic modulation on sustained attention, which requires activity in these networks and is a common ingredient for success across many tasks. To understand how specific aspects of background music influence sustained attention, we manipulated the rate and depth of amplitude modulations imposed on otherwise identical music. This produced stimuli that were musically and acoustically identical except for a peak in the modulation spectrum that could change intensity or shift location under manipulations of depth or rate respectively. These controlled musical backgrounds were presented to participants (total N = 677) during the sustained attention to response (SART) task. In two experiments, we show performance benefits due to added modulation, with best performance at 16 Hz (beta band) rate and higher modulation depths; neighboring parameter settings did not produce this benefit. Further examination of individual differences within our overall sample showed that those with a high level of self-reported ADHD symptomaticity tended to perform better with more intense beta modulation. These results suggest optimal parameters for adding modulation to background music, which are consistent with theories of oscillatory dynamics that relate auditory stimulation to behavior, yet demonstrate the need for a personalized approach in creating functional music for everyday use., Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures. Behavioral portion of larger planned manuscript to include neuroimaging. Comments welcome (kevin@brain.fm)

Published
2020

43. Use of integral experiments for the assessment of a new 235U IRSN-CEA evaluation

Author

Ichou Raphaëlle, Leclaire Nicolas, Leal Luiz, Haeck Wim, Morillon Benjamin, Romain Pascal, and Duarte Helder

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The Working Party on International Nuclear Data Evaluation Co-operation (WPEC) subgroup 29 (SG 29) was established to investigate an issue with the 235U capture cross-section in the energy range from 0.1 to 2.25 keV, due to a possible overestimation of 10% or more. To improve the 235U capture crosssection, a new 235U evaluation has been proposed by the Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN) and the CEA, mainly based on new time-of-flight 235U capture cross-section measurements and recent fission cross-section measurements performed at the n_TOF facility from CERN. IRSN and CEA Cadarache were in charge of the thermal to 2.25 keV energy range, whereas the CEA DIF was responsible of the high energy region. Integral experiments showing a strong 235U sensitivity are used to assess the new evaluation, using Monte-Carlo methods. The keff calculations were performed with the 5.D.1 beta version of the MORET 5 code, using the JEFF-3.2 library and the new 235U evaluation, as well as the JEFF-3.3T1 library in which the new 235U has been included. The benchmark selection allowed highlighting a significant improvement on keff due to the new 235U evaluation. The results of this data testing are presented here.

Published
2017
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45. Beyond Acoustics: Using Music to Explore the Brain Responses to Rhythms with Minimal Acoustic Energy at the Beat Level

Author

Fiveash, Anna, Schön, Daniele, Canette, Laure-Hélène, Morillon, Benjamin, Bedoin, Nathalie, Tillmann, Barbara, Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Apprentissage et du Développement [Dijon] (LEAD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Dynamique Du Langage (DDL), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-CONV-0002,ILCB,ILCB: Institute of Language Communication and the Brain(2016), ANR-16-CE28-0012,RALP,Effets de la stimulation rythmique sur le traitement du langage chez le sujet sain et chez l'enfant avec troubles du langage(2016), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.MECA.VIBR]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Vibrations [physics.class-ph], neural oscillations, music, rhythm, temporal attention, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract

International audience; Musical rhythm processing involves both the tracking of acoustic regularities in the signal, and cognitive processes of beat extraction that can occur in the absence of acoustic energy. Both processes contribute to the percept of the beat in rhythm, and recent research suggests that the neural mechanism underlying beat perception is the phase and period alignment of endogenous neural oscillations to the external stimulus, allowing for the prediction of upcoming events. However, it is debated whether the observed oscillatory response to external rhythms consists only of a steady-state evoked response tracking the acoustic energy in the signal, or whether the observed oscillations also comprise a top-down endogenous predictive mechanism. Further, mounting evidence suggests that individuals with dyslexia are impaired in the neural tracking of external stimuli, including musical rhythms. In the current study, regular and irregular rhythms were presented to dyslexic adults and matched control participants while electroencephalography was recorded. To tease apart the neural response to acoustic energy in the signal versus the entrained beat level, regular rhythms contained the beat at 2 Hz; while acoustic energy was maximal at 4 Hz and 8 Hz. These stimuli allowed us to investigate whether the brain responds non-linearly to the beat- level of a rhythmic stimulus, and whether beat-based processing differs between dyslexic and control participants. Both groups showed enhanced stimulus-brain coherence for regular compared to irregular rhythms at the frequencies of interest, with an overrepresentation of the beat-level in the brain compared to the acoustic signal. In addition, we found evidence that controls extracted subtle temporal regularities from irregular stimuli, whereas dyslexics did not. Findings will be discussed in relation to dynamic attending theory and rhythm processing in the brain, and complemented with results of a currently ongoing study further investigating the underlying neural correlates in rhythm and beat processing.

Published
2020
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