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The goal of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is both emission reduction and sustainable development, but while emission reductions generate revenues for the project developer, no such benefit results from the achievement of sustainable development. The objective of this research is therefore to analyze to which extent CDM investments have led to sustainable development benefits, and whether there is a difference in these effects between renewable energy and waste handling and disposal projects. Complementary to existing studies, which are based on potential effects reported ex-ante by project developers, this paper aims at quantifying impacts of CDM projects on sustainable development based on empirical data. Using data for years 2000 (pre-CDM) and 2010 (post-CDM) for Brazilian municipalities, this paper combines difference-in-differences assessment with matching techniques to identify the effect of CDM investments on development and poverty indicators by distinguishing for four projects types: hydro, biomass energy, landfill gas and methane avoidance. Results show that CDM project types have stimulated local income and labor opportunities but only hydro projects have contributed to reduce poverty at the municipal level for the period analyzed. (VLID)6054184

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects have a two-fold objective: reducing greenhouse gas emissions and contributing to sustainable development. But while the contribution to mitigation has been analyzed extensively in the literature, the impact on development has seldomly been quantified empirically. This paper addresses this gap by investigating the impacts of CDM projects on local employment. We use a dynamic panel regression model across Brazilian municipalities for the period 20042014 to estimate cross-sectoral employment effects of two project types: hydro projects and methane avoidance projects. We find that CDM projects have mixed effects on sectoral employment. Municipalities with hydro projects show a positive impact on commerce and a negative on agricultural employment. In a similar way, these effects have also been identified in municipalities with methane avoidance projects, as well as positive effects in the service and the construction sector. Regardless of project type, the sectoral employment effects are found to be small and transitory, i.e. these took place immediately or within the first, second or third year after the registration of the project, corresponding to the construction phase and early years of operation. Revenues from Certified Emission Reductions (CER) seem to have no or a very small positive impact on sectoral employment, and no significant impact is found for the CER price fall in 2012. (VLID)6054192 Version of record

Arbeit an der Bibliothek noch nicht eingelangt - Daten nicht geprüft Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der Verfasserin Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Dissertation, 2018

Industrial processes currently contribute 40% to global CO2 emissions and therefore substantial increases in industrial energy efficiency are required for reaching the 2 C target. We assess the macroeconomic effects of deploying low carbon technologies in six energy intensive industrial sectors (Petroleum, Iron and Steel, Non-metallic Minerals, Paper and Pulp, Chemicals, and Electricity) in Europe, China and India in 2030. By combining the GAINS technology model with a macroeconomic computable general equilibrium model, we find that output in energy intensive industries declines in Europe by 6% in total, while output increases in China by 11% and in India by 13%. The opposite output effects emerge because low carbon technologies lead to cost savings in China and India but not in Europe. Consequently, the competitiveness of energy intensive industries is improved in China and India relative to Europe, leading to higher exports to Europe. In all regions, the decarbonization of electricity plays the dominant role for mitigation. We find a rebound effect in China and India, in the size of 42% and 34% CO2 reduction, respectively, but not in Europe. Our results indicate that the range of considered low-carbon technology options is not competitive in the European industrial sectors. To foster breakthrough low carbon technologies and maintain industrial competitiveness, targeted technology policy is therefore needed to supplement carbon pricing. Version of record

This study identifies the main determinants of fluctuations of wheat, rice and beef prices in Uzbekistan. Our investigation is based on 2002-2010 weekly data from local markets in the Khorezm province. We applied autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models with exogenous variables such as water inflow, oil prices, market exchange rate and international prices of imported commodities. The results show that the price fluctuations are more sensitive to respective international prices, market exchange rate and oil prices. For reducing the price fluctuations, the creation and development of storage capacities and processing facilities require more emphasis in national policies.

This study identifies the main determinants of food price fluctuations in Uzbekistan with a focus on the Khorezm region. We investigate the price behavior of ten agricultural commodities using the weekly data collected from local markets in the Khorezm region during 2002-2010. For the analysis, we used Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models with exogenous variables such as water inflow, oil prices and international prices of selected commodities imported to Uzbekistan such as rice and wheat, and market exchange rate. The results show two general patterns of agricultural price fluctuations...