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Abstract Background A recommendation by the World Health Organization (WHO) was issued about the use of chest imaging to monitor pulmonary sequelae following recovery from COVID-19. This qualitative study aimed to explore the perspective of key stakeholders to understand their valuation of the outcome of the proposition, preferences for the modalities of chest imaging, acceptability, feasibility, impact on equity and practical considerations influencing the implementation of using chest imaging. Methods A qualitative descriptive design using in-depth interviews approach. Key stakeholders included adult patients who recovered from the acute illness of COVID-19, and providers caring for those patients. The Evidence to Decision (EtD) conceptual framework was used to guide data collection of contextual and practical factors related to monitoring using imaging. Data analysis was based on the framework thematic analysis approach. Results 33 respondents, including providers and patients, were recruited from 15 different countries. Participants highly valued the ability to monitor progression and resolution of long-term sequelae but recommended the avoidance of overuse of imaging. Their preferences for the imaging modalities were recorded along with pros and cons. Equity concerns were reported across countries (e.g., access to resources) and within countries (e.g., disadvantaged groups lacked access to insurance). Both providers and patients accepted the use of imaging, some patients were concerned about affordability of the test. Facilitators included post- recovery units and protocols. Barriers to feasibility included low number of specialists in some countries, access to imaging tests among elderly living in nursing homes, experience of poor coordination of care, emotional exhaustion, and transportation challenges driving to a monitoring site. Conclusion We were able to demonstrate that there is a high value and acceptability using imaging but there were factors influencing feasibility, equity and some practical considerations associated with implementation. We had a few suggestions to be considered by the expert panel in the formulation of the guideline to facilitate its implementation such as using validated risk score predictive tools for lung complications to recommend the appropriate imaging modality and complementary pulmonary function test.

Background: Lactose intolerance, cow milk protein allergy, and environmental and ethical concerns drive the global market for plant-based beverages (PPBs). Despite this, data on the occurrence of selenium (Se) in these beverages are scarce. Objective: The objectives of this study were to assess total selenium and determine the bioaccessible fractions in plant-based beverages (PBBs) from cereals, oilseeds, and pumpkin seeds, using an in vitro static method to simulate human digestion; and estimate the contribution these beverages have to the reference daily intake (RDI) for children and adults. Methodology: The study involved beverages made under laboratory conditions. Samples and extracts were submitted to acid digestion (ultrasonic and block digester); total and bioaccessible Se levels were determined by ICP-MS. In vitro bioaccessibility was assessed using the INFOGEST protocol. Results: The results revealed a wide variation in Se content in the studied plant-based beverages from 10.3 µg kg−1 (sunflower seeds) to 3509 µg kg−1 (Brazil nuts). The bioaccessibility of Se was found only in PBBs made from oilseeds with macadamia, cashew and Brazil nut, with a variation in values from 86 to 96 %. The Se content and its bioaccessible fraction of Brazil nut PBB may contribute to 1276 % and 1218 % of the RDI for children and adults, respectively. Conclusions: The Se content varied among samples of cereals, oilseeds and pumpkin seeds, reflecting the diversity in the studied PBBs. Only PBBs containing oilseeds (macadamia, cashews, and Brazil nuts) exhibited measurable amounts of bioaccessible Se, indicating an association with the raw material. However, the consumption of the PBB containing Brazil nuts may pose a risk of adverse effects, due to its high contribution to the RDI in both children and adults.

Abstract To meet the market demand for fine, artisanal, and agroecological chocolates, companies called bean-to-bar have emerged, with full control over the production chain. They establish strict criteria for cocoa bean sourcing and chocolate production. One of the key stages in flavor development is fermentation, which occurs spontaneously through the microorganisms in the environment, fruit, fermentation boxes, and utensils. In the cocoa market, cocoa beans are classified into two types: bulk and flavor. Beans categorized as bulk are derived from commodity cocoa, a result of incorrect or incomplete fermentation, which does not lead to the development of aroma and flavor. Bulk cocoa is widely used in industrial chocolate production because, besides being cost-effective, it does not require fine flavors since other ingredients will be added. On the other hand, 'flavor' cocoa beans are well-fermented, thus developing their flavor and aroma compounds, and these are used in bean-to-bar processing. This present article is a review concerning the general aspect of cocoa microbiology, biochemistry, processing, and their effects on bean-to-bar chocolate production.

ABSTRACTInnovation is at the heart of dental education, dental practice, and optimal oral health care delivery. This paper explores the opportunities and challenges of incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) in dental education. Although the scientific reporting of AI-related research in dental education is limited, the application of AI in academia and dentistry has far-reaching implications in complementing human tasks such as radiological examinations, clinical diagnoses, anatomy training, orthodontics, and prosthodontics education. Moreover, AI has the potential to assess students’ comprehension based on automated facial recognition. Sooner or later AI will change most methods of communication, which will necessitate dental schools to prepare the next generation of students to learn about these powerful tools. Its adoption has great potential for enhancing educational experiences and healthcare as well as paving the way for preparing future dentists to apply AI techniques in clinical practice. The dental community needs to implement recommended guidelines to effectively digitalize dental education with AI technologies.Continuing Education Credit Available: The practice worksheet is available online in the supplemental material tab for this article. A CDA Continuing Education quiz is online for this article: https://www.cdapresents360.com/learn/catalog/view/20.

Abstract Background Breast cancer clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) offer evidence-based recommendations to improve quality of healthcare for patients. Suboptimal compliance with breast cancer guideline recommendations remains frequent, and has been associated with a decreased survival. The aim of this systematic review was to characterize and determine the impact of available interventions to support healthcare providers’ compliance with CPGs recommendations in breast cancer healthcare. Methods We searched for systematic reviews and primary studies in PubMed and Embase (from inception to May 2021). We included experimental and observational studies reporting on the use of interventions to support compliance with breast cancer CPGs. Eligibility assessment, data extraction and critical appraisal was conducted by one reviewer, and cross-checked by a second reviewer. Using the same approach, we synthesized the characteristics and the effects of the interventions by type of intervention (according to the EPOC taxonomy), and applied the GRADE framework to assess the certainty of evidence. Results We identified 35 primary studies reporting on 24 different interventions. Most frequently described interventions consisted in computerized decision support systems (12 studies); educational interventions (seven), audit and feedback (two), and multifaceted interventions (nine). There is low quality evidence that educational interventions targeted to healthcare professionals may improve compliance with recommendations concerning breast cancer screening, diagnosis and treatment. There is moderate quality evidence that reminder systems for healthcare professionals improve compliance with recommendations concerning breast cancer screening. There is low quality evidence that multifaceted interventions may improve compliance with recommendations concerning breast cancer screening. The effectiveness of the remaining types of interventions identified have not been evaluated with appropriate study designs for such purpose. There is very limited data on the costs of implementing these interventions. Conclusions Different types of interventions to support compliance with breast cancer CPGs recommendations are available, and most of them show positive effects. More robust trials are needed to strengthen the available evidence base concerning their efficacy. Gathering data on the costs of implementing the proposed interventions is needed to inform decisions about their widespread implementation. Trial registration CRD42018092884 (PROSPERO)

Highlights Anatomical variants of the intraarticular portion of the long head of the biceps tendon should be studied with MR arthrography. Some anatomical variants are more frequently associated with supraequatorial lesions. The higher frequency of lesions in the presence of certain anatomical variants is probably related to the limited excursion of the intraarticular long head biceps tendon.

Squamous cell carcinoma is a common malignant condition affecting the oral cavity and may involve the surrounding maxillofacial regions. Treatment commonly involves resection of the tumor, followed by prosthetic rehabilitation of the resection defect. This clinical report presents a 62‐year‐old Asian male patient who had previously undergone surgical resection, resulting in a post‐surgical Aramany Class II maxillary defect. The patient's medical history included severe trismus, characterized by restricted mouth opening, as well as a diagnosis of maxillary sinus verrucous squamous cell carcinoma. This report provides a comprehensive account of the rapid fabrication of an interim obturator using digitally assisted dentistry techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Imaging using scintillators is a widespread and cost-effective approach in radiography. While different types of scintillator and sensor configurations exist, it can be stated that the detection efficiency and resolution of a scintillator-based system strongly depend on the scintillator material and its thickness. Recently developed event-driven detectors are capable of registering spots of light emitted by the scintillator after a particle interaction, allowing to reconstruct the Center-of-Mass of the interaction within the scintillator. This results in a more precise location of the event and therefore provides a pathway to overcome the scintillator thickness limitation and increase the effective spatial resolution of the system. Utilizing this principle, we present a detector capable of Time-of-Flight imaging with an adjustable field-of-view, ad-hoc binning and re-binning of data based on the requirements of the experiment including the possibility of particle discrimination via the analysis of the event shape in space and time. It is considered that this novel concept might replace regular cameras in neutron imaging detectors as it provides superior detection capabilities with the most recent results providing an increase by a factor 3 in image resolution and an increase by up to a factor of 7.5 in signal-to-noise for thermal neutron imaging.