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Resveratrol (RES) and quercetine (QRC), is a promising agent relevant for both cancer chemoprevention and treatment via several signaling pathways, involved in their anticancer activity related to its chemotherapeutic potential, associated with the induction of ROS generation in cancer cells, leading to apoptosis. In our study, we have summarized the mechanisms of action of RES and QRC, and their pharmacological implications and potential therapeutic applications in cancer therapy. After treatment of Hep 2 cells with QRC or RES, the death pathways such as the cytochrome c release, ERK1/2 and IRS-1 pathways were upregulated, while cell survival pathway, including PI3K/AKT were downregulated. The RES and QRC caused oncosis, cells hypertrophy, hypercondensatin of chromatin, rupture of the plasma membrane and nuclear membrane, and formation of apoptotic bodies. Morphometric measurements of some cellular and nuclear parameters showed that RES and QRC induced an increase in cells and nuclear size, the nucleocytoplasmic ratio remained below 1 (N-Cyt R < 1), sign of low nuclear activity. The RES and QRC induced apoptosis of Hep2 cells by increasing of oxidative stress markers, MDA, and by modulating detoxifying enzymes, CAT and SOD. Our study results prove antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties of quercetin and resveratrol with regard to larynx cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A morphological study of S. boneti (Parisi, 1972) and its intraspecific variation is presented, providing a complete description with drawings, and photos. New records for this and other species are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A morphological study is carried out on the taxonomic characters of the species of the genus Bruchidius Schilsky, 1905, grouped in the bimaculatus subgeneric group, present in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the Balearic Islands, and the Canary Islands. The morphological characters and their value as a discriminating criterion of the species of the group are analyzed, as well as the concordant and discordant aspects of the known trophic biology of the different species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of the collection of ferns and lycophytes in the Huasteca potosina of Mexico, a new species of Adiantum is described and illustrated. Adiantum aquismonense has morphological and anatomical features that distinguish it from Adiantum tricholepis and Adiantum feei. In particular, A. aquismonense has reddish-brown hairs and its geographical distribution tends towards the slope of the Gulf of Mexico. In contrast, A. tricholepis has hyaline hairs, and while A. feei has reddish hairs similar in color to those of the new species, they are shorter. All three species are found in Mexico. Anatomically, the fusion of vascular bundles of the petiole in A. aquismonense occurs distally in the petiole, whereas in A. tricholepis it occurs in the middle of the petiole. The spongy parenchyma of the leaves is more compact in A. tricholepis than in A. aquismonense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The third instar larvae of Chlaenobia rzedowskiana Aragón y Morón 2003 are described from 16 specimens that were reared in the laboratory from larvae captured in a sorghum field in the Jantetelco, Morelos, Mexico. The diagnostic characters were compared with those of Chlaenobia tumulosa. Resumen Se describe la larva de tercer instar de Chlaenobia rzedowskiana Aragón y Morón, 2003, de 16 ejemplares criados en un laboratorio a partir de larvas colectadas en sorgo en el municipio Jantetelco, Morelos, México. Los caracteres diagnósticos se comparan con Chlaenobia tumulosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The species Jatropha curcas L. is distinguished by its rapid growth and adaptability to degraded and dry soils. This research, conducted at the Andil experimental farm of the Southern State University of Manabí, aimed to gather information on the morphological characteristics of six selected genotypes, including four hybrids and two clones of Jatropha curcas. A total of 576 plants were planted in 24 subplots, with four plots assigned to each genotype. Over a period of 23 months, variables such as height, stem diameter, and number of branches were measured on eight selected plants per subplot. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and interpolation was performed for periods not studied. The hybrid JAT 001100 stood out with an average height of 197,72 cm and a range of 199,44 cm, followed by JAT 001103 with 193,9 cm. Stem diameter showed no significant differences, ranging between 7 cm and 6,5 cm. Hybrids JAT 001100, JAT 001103, and JAT 001165 exhibited a higher number of branches (average of 8 to 8,1). Overall, commercial hybrids outperformed local clones in growth and development. These findings contribute to the understanding of Jatropha curcas and may be useful for genotype selection in genetic improvement programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Glassella had never been formally recorded in Brazil. Coelho (1996, 1997) assigned specimens collected in northeastern Brazil, in the states of Maranhão and Pernambuco, to Pinnixa floridana , a species that was recently allocated to Glassella and had its rediagnosis proposed. The reassessment of the material analysed by Coelho and the study of three additional specimens collected during an offshore expedition in the state of Espírito Santo resulted in the discovery and description of a new species and the recognition of another undescribed species of Glassella in Brazilian waters. The new species is herein named G. schubarti sp. nov., in honour of the late Christoph D. Schubart, who has made many important contributions to the study of evolution and diversity of brachyuran crabs. These species represent the southernmost records of the genus and the first species of Glassella described from Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of Aegla is described and illustrated from Alto Paranapanema (São Paulo State), a sub-basin of the Paranapanema watershed. The new species is compared to all seven species of Aegla currently known from the Paranapanema watershed using both morphological and mitochondrial genetic (COI) characters. Molecular sequence comparison analysis also suggested that several records from the Paranapanema watershed previously attributed to Aegla castro actually belong to different species. Opportunity is taken to provide a photograph of the holotype of A. castro (type locality Iapó River, State of Paraná, Tibagi sub-basin, Paranapanema watershed). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dorsal interosseous muscles (DIM) are intrinsic muscles of the hand located dorsally between metacarpal bones, which play a role in finger abduction. Anatomical variations of these muscles in terms of form and length have been well documented, but variations regarding sex and laterality are underexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphology and morphometry of the DIM of the hand regarding sexual dimorphism and laterality. Twenty human cadavers belonging to the white individuals (n = 40 hands) with known sex and laterality were used for this study. DIMs were dissected and observed for morphology. Also, a digital calliper was used to measure the midpoint length of the DIM. The origin and insertion of all the DIM were normal with the left hand having no additional, supernumerary, and absent muscles in each compartment. The variations were only found on the right side and predominant in females: 2 out of 11 (18.18%) hands containing a space with a supernumerary muscle; 1 out of 11 (9.09%) hands having a space with a double muscle; and 1 out of 11 (9.09%) hands having a compartment with a unipennate muscle. In males, 1 out of 9 (11.11%) hands had a compartment with a supernumerary muscle. The mean midpoint length of each muscle in females and males in both hands from the first to the fourth muscle, respectively, was documented. In females on the left: 46.79 ± 3.56; 42.62 ± 3.57; 49.02 ± 4.21; 41.66 ± 2.15 and right: 47.30 ± 2.49; 39.27 ± 4.14; 45.69 ± 4.64; 38.12 ± 4.08. In males, it was on the left: 50.01 ± 3.95; 41.98 ± 3.79; 47.90 ± 4.83; 41.79 ± 4.25, and on the right: 46.65 ± 2.09; 39.01 ± 4.25; 47.47 ± 3.41; 38.31 ± 4.40. The mean midpoint length of the DIM was relatively higher on the left hand compared to the right hand in both females and males. In this study, variations regarding the supernumerary muscle, double interosseous space, and unipennate muscles were only observed on the right-hand side and predominantly in females, an insight that may guide in the treatment of fractures, stiffness of the hand, and compartment syndromes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anterior loop in the mental foramen region is a critical region in the mandible. The non detection of anterior loop leads to inadvertent complications during the surgical procedures in this region. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological assessment of the mental foramen's anterior loop (AL) using (CBCT) cone-beam computed tomography. CBCT data was retrieved from January 2018 to December 2022 and screened for eligibility. Images were viewed using panoramic reconstructed views for initial screening. Further multiplanar reformatted view in axial, coronal and sagittal planes were examined. When anterior loop was detected, the path of inferior alveolar canal was traced and the anterior loop was analyzed. Statistical analysis was carried out on the data. Cross-tabulation was done to associate gender and age with the achieved findings (heights and diameters) using the Chi-square test. In this analysis 519 cases were included and examined for presence of anterior loop. 22 cases were included in the study, out of which 10(45.5%) males and 12(54.5%) females. The prevalence of AL is high among females. AL was found higher on the right side in 14 (68.2%) cases compared to the left side with 7 (31.8%) cases. The mean diameter of AL on the right side was 2.5 mm, and on the left side diameter was 1.96 mm. The prevalence of anterior loop in the region of mental foramen in Saudi Population was found to be 4.24%. Careful evaluation for the anterior loop can prevent hemorrhagic episodes during surgical intervention or implant procedures in the mandibular premolar region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tissue engineering aims to fabricate a scaffold that exhibits a suitable surface topography for a desired cellular response. Therefore, a study analyzing the characteristics of bone grafts is important for future research directions. This work aims to analyze the physical-chemical characteristics of commercially available bone grafts of human and bovine origin for dental use, using morphological analysis of the surface and chemical composition by variable pressure scanning electron microscope (VPSEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectrometry. In addition, pore diameter and surface area were analyzed by degassing method using a porosimeter, and particle size by laser diffraction. The analyzed allograft and xenograft particles differ in morphological characteristics and chemical composition. The allograft particles present a cuboidal and prismatic geometric morphology with angled edges and the absence of macropores. On the contrary, the xenograft particles present an irregular morphology with macropores in their structure. There is a statistically significant difference in C, P, and Ca between the xenograft and allografts (p < 0,05). The analyzed composition of allografts showed mainly the presence of C and O. In contrast, the composition of the xenograft was mainly Ca. These differences could influence the osteogenic properties of allografts and xenografts. This analysis provides basic information to understand the physicochemical properties of allografts and xenografts that facilitate cell-graft interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Craniofacial development is a complex process with several factors involved. When malocclusions have a skeletal origin, they can generate an orthognathic (class I), retrognathic (class II) or prognathic (class III) relationship of the mandibular bone respect to the maxilla. This configuration is closely related to the base of the skull where the sella turcica has been studied for this purpose due to its ectomesenchymal origin (Dasgupta et al., 2018) and its anatomical relationships. Several studies have been conducted to elucidate this relationship and this work seeks to contribute to the discussion by comparing the characteristics of the sella turcica among skeletal malocclusions through lateral teleradiographies. The study was conducted using 52 radiographic plates of individuals between 18 and 24 years old with an equal number of male and female subjects, 15 class I, 7 class II and 30 class III. The radiographic area of the sella turcica was digitally measured and morphologically classified using the categories of Axelsson et al. (2004). An intraclass correlation coefficient was obtained with 95 % confidence, yielding a value of 0.88 for the sella turcica area, 0.89 for the ANB angle and 0.70 for the Wits value, demonstrating excellent observer reliability. With 95 % confidence, Fisher's exact test showed a significant association (p = 0.029) between the morphological variations of the ST and the skeletal class, being more frequent in class III. The Kruskal Wallis H test did not show significant differences (p=0.550) in median sellar area between skeletal classes. Morphological variations seem to be more relevant than anatomical variations in this association. New studies are required in the Chilean population with a greater number of cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Avances is the property of Instituto de Informacion Cientifica y Tecnologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La investigación actual no solo ofrece la oportunidad de conocer y rescatar, sino principalmente de aprender acerca de la morfología distintiva de la Cultura Valdivia. A través del análisis de 20 piezas cerámicas, se recopiló información técnica y gráfica. Este estudio se centró en la interpretación sintáctica y semántica de las formas, atribuyéndoles un valor simbólico arraigado en la riqueza ancestral de la cultura. El resultado de este proceso fue la generación de nuevos códigos gráficos, contribuyendo significativamente a la alfabetización visual basada en las formas representativas únicas de la Cultura Valdivia. Este enfoque integral no solo enriquece nuestro entendimiento de la expresión artística de esta cultura antigua, sino que también aporta a la creación de un lenguaje visual contemporáneo inspirado en sus elementos distintivos.

La intención de este trabajo es contribuir al debate abierto por las antropologías del futuro, en particular problematizar la tesis de que la configuración de dinámicas sociales y culturales contemporáneas puedan ser diseñadas causalmente desde una orientación futura. Retomo la idea para pensar sí este planteamiento se le puede aplicar al hecho comunidad indígena, a sabiendas que ésta es la materialización de la tradición y la costumbre. Usando algunos ejemplos etnográficos provenientes de dos comunidades indígenas del estado mexicano de Oaxaca, bosquejo líneas interpretativas donde concilio herencia histórica, morfología y comunidad, con orientaciones, acción social y futuro. Parto de la hipótesis de que lo común actúa como un a priori de la acción de sujetos que orientan, con sus prácticas, a la comunidad hacia futuros posibles.

Copyright of Bitácora Urbano/Territorial is the property of Bitacora Urbano/Territorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The harlequin toads (Bufonidae, Atelopus) from the Cordillera Occidental of Colombia are poorly understood, with several species being known only from few specimens and a single locality. Material from the Yotoco area, Departamento Valle del Cauca, has been addressed in previous studies and was allocated ambiguously to different available names. We here describe the Yotoco Atelopus as a species new to science as it is readily distinguished from all congenerics by a combination of morphological characters (i.e., snout profile, cranial crests, skin texture, pattern and coloration). In addition, we comment on the taxonomy of three Atelopus populations from the Cordillera Occidental and the Cordillera Central of Colombia; two of them we tentatively assign to A. nicefori and A. sonsonensis, respectively. The third one remains of unclear status. The need for further examination of the harlequin toads from the Andes of Colombia in an integrative taxonomic framework is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the lapillus otolith shapes of males and females of Scleromystax barbatus from southern and southeastern regions in the Atlantic Rainforest biome employing Fourier and Wavelet descriptors. The utricular otoliths of S. barbatus are ovoid, with the gibbus maculae occupying almost all the ventral portion, similar to most Callichthyidae species. Otoliths of males and females of S. barbatus from the southeastern studied region are more elongated in the anterior-posterior direction and present larger sulcus and gibbus maculae, with heterogeneous borders. We found no sexual-based dimorphism in otolith shape within regions, however regional differences were registered and attributed to variations in fish life history mediated by differences in environmental factors (e.g., climatic conditions) between the southern and southeastern regions in the Atlantic Rainforest biome. Additional studies are suggested to investigate the influence of genetic effects and their environmental interactions to better understand how these factors are related with otolith shape and influence the discrimination among S. barbatus populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forensic entomotoxicology, which analyzes necrophagous insects to detect toxic substances, is crucial in determining causes of death and estimating the post-mortem interval. This study focused on Peckia intermutans (Walker) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) as a marker for detecting methanol, a potentially lethal alcohol often added as an adulterant in alcoholic beverages due to its low cost and similarity to ethanol. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) method was developed to detect methanol, and its effects on the development time, survival, and morphology of flesh flies were investigated. Larvae were reared on liver substrates enriched with methanol (300, 500, and 1000 mg/kg). Results showed: the developed method detected methanol in all instars; methanol affected the developmental time of the flies; survival increased with higher methanol concentration; and morphological changes were evident in weight. This study provides valuable information on entomotoxicological research in Ecuador, emphasizing the need to consider morphological changes in P. intermutans to avoid inaccurate estimations of post-mortem intervals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the formal strategies underlying the formation of compounds in Colombian sign language, based on a corpus collected between 2018 and 2022 with deaf signers from Medellín, Colombia. It is a descriptive study that compares compositional patterns with those of other sign languages, such as those presented in Pfau (2016) and Meir et al. (2010). In the corpus, we find sequential and simultaneous compounds. Sequentials may present changes in their constituents, which imply a formal fusion, such as the shortening of one of the signs, the anticipation of the passive hand, and the extension of the passive hand, a strategy not usually mentioned in the literature. We have noted the existence of endocentric and exocentric compounds. In sequential endocentrics, the core is performed first and then the determinant. In simultaneous endocentrics, the tendency observed is that the passive hand performs the core and the active hand performs the determinant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to update, systematize, and discuss the chronological, geographical, and morphological information as well as the functions that dogs (Canis familiaris) had among the preHispanic societies of northwestern Argentina. For this purpose, previous records were re-examined, and new, unpublished findings (MNI= 14) are presented. The results show that the species was exclusively associated with sedentary agro-pastoral societies. The earliest discovery dates back approximately 400-1000 years A.D., and the highest abundance and geographic dispersion were recorded during the Regional Developments and Inca Periods. Dogs in the Northwestern region of Argentina were not of the hairless variety; they were of medium to small size and predominantly exhibited the brachycephalic morphotype. The dogs were found as companions in human burials, were sporadically consumed and/or used as fur resources. In addition, they were not relevant as hunting aids. Their role as herders is not well-defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to characterize the phenotypic profile, through morphological and phaneroptic characters of the remnant of the Nordestina horse in the state of Paraíba, and to help in the process of updating the racial pattern with the Brazilian Association of Nordestina Horse Breeders (ABCCN). 200 animals were used at random, from 3 years of age (25 males, 69 castrated males and 106 females). The evaluation was done visually and the information was recorded in a notebook. Qualitative characteristics were evaluated, such as coat color, head and bevel profile, neck shape, croup inclination, tail insertion, chest width, eye shape, color and size of hooves. Thus, each character received a sequence of numbers, corresponding to each phenotypic class. In the distribution of the coat there is a diversity in the types of coats found, highlighting the gray (35.95%), chestnut (34.24%), followed by the sorrel (14.87%), were found coats bay, black and tobiana. The chamfer profile most frequently is the straight type 73.58%; 56.00% and 79.71% females, intact and castrated males, respectively, followed by the subconvex. The conformation of the croup showed a higher frequency of the slightly inclined type, and a lower frequency of the horizontal type. The evaluated animals have, in general, predominantly brown and gray fur, rectilinear and subconvex chamfer, pyramidal neck, small, dark or black hooves, slightly sloping rump and low insertion tail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cabari Gregório & D.B.O.S.Cardoso (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) is a recently described neotropical genus of trees, with species predominantly distributed in the Amazon basin. After robust evidence from a recent phylogenetic analysis of nuclear and plastid DNA sequence data, the genus was segregated from Clathrotropis (Benth.) Harms. Cabari is a genus of large trees with imparipinnately compound leaves and opposite leaflets, inflorescences terminal or less often axillary, woody pods with elastically dehiscent valves, and large seeds. In this taxonomic revision, the genus comprises three species: C. brachypetala, C. brunnea, and C. macrocarpa. We provide morphological descriptions and taxonomic comments for all species, as well as an identification key, three new synonyms, color plates, line drawings, and maps of geographic distribution. Cabari Gregório & D.B.O.S.Cardoso (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) é um gênero de árvores neotropicais recentemente descrito, com espécies predominantemente distribuídas na bacia amazônica. Após evidências robustas de uma análise filogenética recente de dados de sequências de DNA nuclear e plastidial, o gênero foi segregado de Clathrotropis (Benth.) Harms. Cabari é um gênero de árvores grandes com folhas compostas imparipinadas e folíolos opostos, inflorescências terminais ou menos frequentemente axilares, legumes lenhosos com válvulas elasticamente deiscentes e sementes grandes. Nesta revisão taxonômica, o gênero compreende três espécies: C. brachypetala, C. brunnea e C. macrocarpa. Nós fornecemos descrições morfológicas e comentários taxonômicos para todas as espécies, bem como uma chave de identificação, três novos sinônimos, pranchas com imagens, ilustrações e mapas de distribuição geográfica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peripheral nerve injury is an extremely important medical and socio-economic problem. It is far from a solution, despite on rapid development of technologies. To study the effect of long-term electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves, we used a domestically produced electrical stimulation system, which is approved for clinical use. The study was performed on 28 rabbits. Control of regeneration was carried out after 3 month with morphologic techniques. The use of long-term electrostimulation technology leads to an improvement in the results of the recovery of the nerve trunk after an injury, both directly at the site of damage, when stimulation begins in the early period, and indirectly, after the nerve fibers reach the effector muscle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clearing and staining techniques have been present since 1897, However, their use in anatomical studies of adult micromammals has been limited. When using such techniques in combination with allometric method, it is possible to study articulated skeletons of micromammals, instead of relying only on the skulls, which is important in morphologically complicated groups as the rodents. Research involving multivariate allometric analysis of postcranial skeleton of rodents has been limited and confined to specific items. In this study, we analyzed and compared the morphometry of the skeleton of Neotomodon alstoni with that of Meriones unguiculatus, Phodopus campbelli and Rattus norvegicus. We applied the double staining and clearing technique in order to determine the morphometric relation between these rodents using sixty skeletal characters. We found that three species share two common correlations and one isometric, with apparent similarities between the morphometry patterns of P campbelli with the ossification pattern described for the related species Mesocricetus auratus. The differences in allometric growth could represent differences in the development stages according to the type of life history for each species. In this analysis we confirmed that both the preparation technique and morphometric analysis method, are simple yet verifiable tools for anatomical and morphological studies. Our results reflect the conditions of ontogenetic development derived from the heterochrony pattern for each species, representing the evolutionary history for this group. Therefore, as this approach continues to be discussed, ongoing research is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.), has its origin in the Amazon and is usually grown under the shade of trees and or in full sun exposure. This variability in light conditions makes physiological responses different between cocoa cultivars. In the coming decades, an inevitable increase in global temperature is expected. By 2050, it is estimated that in the Latin American tropical region these increases will lead to reductions in precipitation greater than 10%, that is, we will have drier environments, which will undoubtedly affect cocoa cultivation. There is uncertainty in the possible effects of changes in temperature on cocoa due to the lack of information and the few cultivars that have been evaluated. The information collected in this review serves as a basis for understanding the responses of cocoa to light and temperature conditions and it is undeniable that more research is required to achieve a greater understanding of the complexities of climate changes and their effects on cocoa production. One aspect that stands out is a focus on research that must be carried out in field conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pimelodella is one of the most diverse genera of the family Heptapteridae with approximately 83 valid species. However, the taxonomy of this genus is problematic since it lacks a phylogenetic diagnosis and its species present conserved morphologies. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the morphological variation of seven species of Pimelodella from the Orinoco River basin in Colombia. For this, 93 specimens grouped into seven species were used, which were oriented and scaled through a Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA). Size explains part of the variation in shape in the Pimelodella species analyzed. The Canonical Variable Analysis (CVA) performed on the residuals indicates that the first two components account for 92.4 % of the total variation, where there is an overlap between P. figueroai, P. megalops, P. metae, and Pimelodella sp.. However, most of the specimens remained relatively cohesive in their respective species. The typicality probability revealed an overall classification accuracy of 86.0 % for the cross-validated data. Geometric morphometrics allowed us to detect shape differences in Pimelodella species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica is the property of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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La especie Jatropha curcas L. se destaca por su rápido crecimiento y su adaptabilidad a suelos degradados y secos. Esta investigación, realizada en la granja experimental Andil de la Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí, tuvo como objetivo recopilar información sobre las características morfológicas de seis genotipos seleccionados, incluyendo cuatro híbridos y dos clones de Jatropha curcas. Se plantaron 576 plantas en 24 subparcelas, asignando cuatro parcelas a cada genotipo. Durante 23 meses, se midieron variables como altura, diámetro del tallo y número de ramas en ocho plantas seleccionadas por subparcela. Se calcularon estadísticos descriptivos y se realizó una interpolación para períodos no estudiados. El híbrido JAT 001100 destacó con una altura promedio de 197,72 cm y un rango de 199,44 cm, seguido por el JAT 001103 con 193,9 cm. El diámetro del tallo no mostró diferencias significativas, oscilando entre 7 cm y 6,5 cm. Los híbridos JAT 001100, JAT 001103 y JAT 001165 presentaron un mayor número de ramas (promedio de 8 a 8,1). En general, los híbridos comerciales superaron a los clones locales en crecimiento y desarrollo. Estos hallazgos contribuyen al conocimiento de Jatropha curcas y pueden ser útiles para la selección de genotipos en programas de mejoramiento genético.

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar, por meio do aparato teórico-metodológico da Sintaxe Espacial, a configuração interna da casa modernista da Rua Santa Cruz, projetada em 1927 por Gregori Warchavchik (1896-1972), em contraponto com a posterior reforma empreendida em 1935. Construída para sua família, a casa é por muitos considerada o marco inicial da aplicação das novas gramáticas compositivas vanguardistas. Diversos estudos já foram feitos acerca desse projeto, mas acrescenta-se aqui uma nova abordagem buscando ir além das questões da caixa mural, aprofundando-se na espacialidade. A Sintaxe Espacial é uma teoria que visa articular padrões espaciais às apropriações sociais sobrepostas, de modo a correlacionar como diferentes qualidades dos espaços – entendidos como um sistema de permeabilidades e barreiras – dependem de diferentes lógicas sociais. Os resultados encontrados demonstram uma rígida separação funcional, onde os espaços de transição oferecem distribuição de fluxos e de controle de acesso entre os ambientes. Em termos da integração visual, a concepção espacial anseia por espaços mais fluidos, especialmente no setor social. Entretanto, pouco se rompe com espaço tradicional da casa brasileira até então: patriarcal, segregado, controlado e profundo. Há, portanto, uma contradição entre o avanço e retrocesso – corroborando os estudos precedentes sobre a plástica do edifício: mesmo que se almeje romper com certas tradições, as amarras culturais, sobrepostas aos espaços domésticos, prevalecem.

Este estudo objetivou contribuir para o conhecimento taxonômico de Sloanea (Elaeocarpaceae) na Região Metropolitana de Belém, no estado do Pará, Amazônia Brasileira. Foram registradas oito espécies de Sloanea: S. floribunda, S. grandiflora, S. granulosa, S. guianensis, S. nitida, S. porphyrocarpa, S. sinemariensis e S. terniflora. São fornecidas chave de identificação, descrições morfológicas, informações sobre distribuição geográfica e comentários taxonômicos das espécies tratadas.

Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na możliwości kształtowania świadomości morfologicznej jako elementu świadomości metajęzykowej, odgrywającego istotną rolę w percepcji i produkcji językowej w nauczaniu/ uczeniu się języka polskiego jako obcego. Podjęto w nim refleksję teoretyczną nad ujęciami morfologii, problemami metodyki nauczania zagadnień morfologicznych w kontekście relacji fleksja – słowotwórstwo i przedstawiono propozycje praktycznych rozwiązań dydaktycznych, stanowiące rezultat doświadczeń z pracy ze studentami, dla których językiem pierwszym jest język chiński. Do realizacji założonego celu posłużyły metoda analizy i krytyki piśmiennictwa, metoda analizy i konstrukcji logicznej oraz metoda indywidualnych przypadków oparta na analizie wyodrębnionego procesu dydaktycznego. Przedstawione rozważania stanowią przyczynek do dalszych badań nad metodyką nauczania gramatyki i słownictwa w ramach glottodydaktyki polonistycznej z uwzględnieniem języka pierwszego ucznia.

Objetivo. El estudio presenta la estructura y composición de un examen departamental estandarizado de una de las asignaturas de mayor relevancia curricular para el tronco común de Lenguas perteneciente a la Facultad de Idiomas(FI), así como los resultados de la evaluación psicométrica realizada a este mismo. Método. Se empleó la metodología formulada por el Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo (Contreras Niño, 2000; Contreras Niño & Backhoff Escudero, 2004), con base en el modelo psicométrico propuesto por Nitko (1994) para elaboración de exámenes de gran escala de referencia criterial. La muestra de estudio fue de 260 estudiantes de primer semestre, procedentes de la FI a nivel Estado. Se empleó el método de análisis psicométrico basado en la teoría de respuesta al ítem, con lo que se midieron atributos como el índice de discriminación, coeficiente de discriminación y el índice de dificultad. Resultados. A partir del análisis psicométrico realizado al examen, se obtuvieron valores promedio que sobrepasan el estándar en cuanto al índice y coeficiente de discriminación (.32), destacan los obtenidos en la unidad temática de mayor relevancia curricular para la asignatura en cuestión. Asimismo, se observó una dificultad media en general en el examen y una distribución de la dificultad de los reactivos aceptable. Conclusiones. Los valores obtenidos en los atributos de confiabilidad y validez permitieron evidenciar la calidad del instrumento, lo cual contribuye a la certeza del nivel de dominio que el estudiantado refleja en relación con el universo de conocimientos representados en la prueba, situación que tiene un alto impacto, por la relevancia de dicha asignatura.

Based on morphological and molecular characters, we describe a new species of terrestrial breeding frog of the Pristimantis danae Group from montane forests of La Mar Province, Ayacucho Department in southern Peru, at elevations from 1200 to 2000 m a.s.l. The phylogenetic analysis, based on concatenated sequences of gene fragments of 16S rRNA, RAG1, COI and TYR suggests that the new species is a sister taxon of a clade that includes one undescribed species of Pristimantis from Cusco, Pristimantis pharangobates and Pristimantis rhabdolaemus. The new species is most similar to P. rhabdolaemus, which differs by lacking scapular tubercules and by its smaller size (17.0-18.6 mm in males [n = 5], 20.8-25.2 mm in females [n = 5] in the new species vs. 22.8-26.3 mm in males [n = 19], 26.0-31.9 mm in females [n = 30] of P. rhabdolaemus). Additionally, we report the prevalence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) in this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional traits are phenotypic characteristics that contribute to fitness of individuals in dynamic and changing environments. In mammals, both categorical and continuous (e.g. quantitative) functional traits have been extensively utilized as proxies for diet, locomotion, and other aspects of species ecology, but there has been less focus on form and function of soft tissues. This is particularly true for the digestive system, which varies in size and complexity across Class Mammalia and plays a major role in the energetics of species. To guide more effective utilization of gastrointestinal (GI) morphology as a functional proxy in small mammal ecology, we examined how GI tracts (lengths and masses of four GI sections) varied within a population of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) in the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina, United States. We collected samples of adult P. maniculatus monthly for 1 year and measured GI tracts to quantify variation with respect to seasonality and trophic level, providing insight into plasticity in this soft tissue trait over time. We found that season had a significant effect on the total length and wet mass of the GI tract, with January mice having the longest GI tracts and lengths being shortest in the summer. The relative shortening of the GI tract in summer corresponded with a partial trophic increase detected by stable isotope signatures. GI length and wet mass also were affected by reproduction, but males and females responded in sex-specific ways to demands of reproduction, with reproductively active males having shorter and lighter GI tracts than nonreproductively active males. Our study provides proof-of-concept for understanding population-level plasticity in a rarely collected soft tissue trait, which may also be complementary to standard craniodental measurements as a functional dietary proxy to understand mammalian ecology and community assembly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mammals are predicted to vary in body size following Bergmann's rule, with individuals found at higher latitudes in colder temperatures being larger in size compared to conspecifics occurring at lower latitudes in warmer temperatures. Body size is similarly expected to vary temporally, with a decrease in size through time due to recent climate warming. While Bergmann's rule is well-supported in mammals, there is increasing evidence of exceptions to the rule. Here, we present patterns of size variation in 17 North American mammal species using five morphological traits (condylobasal skull length, skull width, maxillary toothrow length, body weight, and head-and-body length) to determine if size varies predictably for each species in space and time. We found little support for a widespread Bergmannian pattern for these species at a broad spatial scale (across North America) and a contemporary temporal scale (the past 120 years). The effects of latitude or year on each trait were highly variable with three types of responses: an increase, a decrease, or no change in size across space or through time. Spatial size trends were detected more often than temporal size trends, as the temperature range was significantly larger in space than through time. Body weight (the most variable trait) and head-and-body length were more likely to conform to Bergmann's rule than craniodental measurements. We did not detect any changes in size variability with latitude, and our study species either increased or decreased in size variability over time. Our findings demonstrate that size variation in mammals is highly context-dependent. As such, caution is needed when using rules of body size variation to predict the future response of species to climate warning while valid in theory, it is likely too simplistic of an approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lycium humile Phil., is an extreme halophyte plant, endemic to Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile, which grows between 2000 and 4000 m a.s.l. in saline wetlands environments. The aim of this work is to identify morpho-anatomical and histochemical adaptive characteristics of the vegetative organs of L. humile linked to its tolerance to extreme environments of high altitude saline wetlands, in order to evaluate its potential as source of metabolites with commercial value or as source of resistance genes related to abiotic stress tolerance. To carry out the analysis, during the period of February 2018, samples were obtained from plants belonging to 4 populations of the species (5 individuals per population) located at the departments of Antofagasta de la Sierra, Santa María and Ambato, province of Catamarca, Argentina. Leaf and stems were studied using histochemical tests, conventional histological preparations and optical microscopy. Different foliar tissues were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy coupled to elemental X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (EDS). The leaves and stems of the analyzed populations showed uniform anatomical and histochemical features. It was stated for the first time that the succulence of the leaf is reached by the folding of the tissues evidenced in a tridimensional venation pattern. The presence of isolateral-radial mesophyll and aquifer parenchyma is highlighted as a unique feature characteristic for the species. The glandular trichomes and palisade parenchyma revealed complex contents of phenols, flavonoids, proteins, lipids, terpenes, and alkaloids; while the outer layer of the cuticles presented phenolic, terpenic and lipidic deposits. The EDS analysis showed crystalliferous idioblasts with high contents of Ca2+ and Na+. The stems exhibited hypodermis and air chambers formed in the cortical and medullary layers. These anatomical and histochemical characteristics of L. humile represent adaptive traits to saline high-altitude wetland environments. Its functionality in relation to the environment and its potential as source of resistance genes and metabolites interesting for the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A morphological study is carried out on the taxonomic characters of the species of the genus Bruchidius Schilsky, 1905, grouped in the foveolatus subgeneric group, present in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the Balearic Islands, and the Canary Islands. The morphological characters and their value as a discriminating criterion of the species of the group are analyzed, as well as the concordant and discordant aspects of the known trophic biology of the different species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Zoologica Lilloana is the property of Fundacion Miguel Lillo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The mammary gland has its embryological origin, later it differentiates histologically and anatomically; over time new findings have been discovered, as well as new terminology. The aim of this work was to describe the update on the morphological aspects of the mammary gland. A search for articles was carried out in different primary and secondary sources of scientific literature such as: Pubmed, Embase, WOS, Scopus, Scielo, obtaining 623 publications, 53 selected for review and 17 included. The breast has been updated in morphological aspects; the ducts are located close to the areola and the nipple where they open directly, the branches of the ducts are located close to the areola; the nipples have between 15 and 20 lobes, of which only 5-9 are true mammary duct orifices, there are no lactiferous sinuses, so the milk flows directly into the nipple, in terms of innervation of the breast they are innervated by the anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves. The existing evidence demonstrates the need for permanent studies in the field of morphology, as described in this review article on the breast. In different aspects, such as terms, functions and structures. This information is important for undergraduate and postgraduate training, and its use in the clinic, identification of pathologies, lactation clinics, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We re-evaluate the taxonomic status of specimens of Rhinella collected from rainforests on the eastern Andean slopes and foothills of central Bolivia. The respective populations have been allocated to different nominal taxa, namely Rhinella fissipes and R. leptoscelis, in the past. By detailed morphological comparisons, including the type specimens of crucial taxa, as well as a phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, we here demonstrate that the focal populations represent a divergent lineage within the Rhinella veraguensis species group, being apparently closely related to R. rumbolli from northern Argentina, but only distantly related to R. leptoscelis, with which they share several morphological character states. Also, the specimens of the focal lineage differ by a unique combination of morphological character states from all known nominal species currently assigned to the R. veraguensis group. Consequently, we describe this lineage as a new species. We discuss the history of its changing taxonomic allocations and demonstrate that former conclusions were barely justified and wrong. We also provide a description of the osteology of this species using computer tomography (micro-CT). Furthermore, we discuss the status of the nominal taxon Bufo pleuropterus Schmidt, 1857, currently considered to represent a junior synonym of Rhinella margaritifera (Laurenti, 1768), and provide arguments for the specific distinctness of these two taxa. Consequently, we regard Rhinella pleuroptera (Schmidt, 1857) a valid species. Based on its external morphology, which is rather similar to that of R. inca, we speculate that R. pleuroptera is possibly related to species in the R. veraguensis group, although this remains in need of further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As currently understood, the genus Nyctinomops contains four species: N. aurispinosus (Peale, 1849), N. femorosaccus (Merriam, 1889), N. laticaudatus (É. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, 1805), and N. macrotis (Gray, 1840). Only N. macrotis and N. laticaudatus have been recorded from Argentina. We found that specimens of Nyctinomops captured in the province of Misiones, Argentina did not correspond to the characters of either species known from Argentina, and did not match characters of any other known species. Morphological, morphometric, and molecular analyses of these specimens revealed that they represent a new species, which we describe herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Production Engineering / Revista Brasileira de Engenharia de Produção is the property of Brazilian Journal of Production Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica is the property of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)