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Peromyscus sonoriensis is a widespread species ranging from southern Texas to the Yukon, from the Mississippi to the Pacific. Because of this extensive range, there are substantial differences in morphology due to variation in temperature, precipitation, and habitat. We used 2 data sets (n = 4,840 and n = 20,175) to study morphological differences of their crania and appendages. Consistent with Allen's rule (shorter appendages with colder temperature), both data sets show a strong, positive, correlation between tail length and the average January temperature. However, there was an equally strong, but negative, correlation between tail length and average July temperature. We observed similar results for feet and crania. Ear length had a significant negative correlation with July average temperature but no correlation with January average temperature. When we controlled for temperature, cranial and appendage length increased with latitude, which was opposite of what we expected. Furthermore, longitude had a strong impact as mice trapped further west had longer appendages. When divided into habitats, forest deer mice are more likely than prairie or desert deer mice to demonstrate morphological responses to differences in climate, location, and year trapped. Our results show that P. sonoriensis exhibit notable morphological variation linked to location, habitat, and climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe two new caecilian species of the genus Caecilia (Gymnophiona: Caeciliidae) from the wet tropical Chocó Forest, north-western Ecuador. We applied an integrative taxonomic approach, taking into consideration external morphology, osteology from intensive ct-scanning, and molecular phylogenetic analyses. The two new species were compared to all other Caecilia species, known to occur west of the Ecuadorian and Colombian Andes. The new taxa can be distinguished by their external morphological characters, as well as by their osteology, genetic divergence, and phylogenetic relationships. The two new species, although morphologically quite different, were closely related. Caecilia tesoro sp. n. is a large-bodied, robust species with a unique colour pattern in larger individuals. In contrast, Caecilia truncata sp. n. is a smaller caeciliid and sister to medium-sized C. volcani, a species known from Panama. Morphologically, C. truncata sp. n. is best recognized by a very truncated snout shape. As know from many previously recognized neotropical caeciliids, both new species are likely endemic to small ranges, here the humid tropical lowland to mid-altitude forests of western Ecuador. Both new species seem to tolerate some degree of habitat degradation. Our new findings support to intensify research and conservation activities in one of South America's most diverse but severely endangered biomes. We also present, for the first time, some clues of the phylogenetic position of elongated C. nigricans and C. leucocephala. Caecilia nigricans was sister to a clade composed of one Oscaecilia and ten species of Caecilia. This topology rendered the genus Caecilia paraphyletic relative to Oscaecilia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the first report of the Peruvian Fiddler Crab, Leptuca tallanica (von Hagen, 1968), in Panama. The species identification from two sites in the Parita Gulf was confirmed by the presence of a moderately wide front, comma-shaped patches of pile on the male carapace, a pilous triangular depression at the base of the pollex, and a strong, tuberculate projection subdistally on the pollex. Our findings extend the previously known distribution range in the eastern Pacific from southern Ecuador and northern Peru northward to Panama. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Home range is an ecological concept that affects many aspects of the life of vertebrates and hence understanding how it varies between species is crucial. Mammalian home range size has been linked to body size and diet, but these studies were based predominantly on terrestrial species and most specifically excluded bats. As the only group of flying mammals, bats experience distinctly different constraints on movement, and hence home range. However, despite their diversity, relatively little is known about the home ranges of bats, and this is the first global review assessing correlates of their home range size. Our hypothesis is that home range will be impacted by different ecological conditions experienced by the bats and by the biological traits of the bats themselves. We performed a meta-analysis based on published data for 81 bat species to identify variables that contribute most to home range size. Sex, wing loading, functional group, colony size, dietary class, distance from the equator (latitudinal region), habitat type, and the interaction between habitat type and latitudinal region were all important explanatory variables. Wing loading was positively correlated with home range size—while females, open-air foragers, large colony sizes, and bats in temperate regions consistently had large home ranges. Understanding the correlates of home range has important implications, for example, for bat conservation and for assessing the risk of spillover of zoonotic pathogens from bats to humans and livestock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Anatomy teaching has been changing over the years, introducing technological methods especially after the pandemic period. An ongoing debate revolves around whether exclusive reliance on technology for anatomy classes, as opposed to traditional methods and face-to-face instruction, enhances knowledge acquisition. This study analyzed the knowledge perception of students from various semesters throughout the Veterinary Medicine course, comparing students who only had online classes with those who had face-to-face classes in Gross Anatomy of Domestic Animals. For this purpose, a questionnaire was distributed for voluntary and anonymous completion, and the responses were subsequently analyzed statistically. The results indicated that 11.5% of the students who took Anatomy remotely failed to apply the knowledge in other subjects, while no face-to-face learning student reported the same. Most students, both remote and face-to-face groups, remember the subject but review the content frequently. Regarding theoretical knowledge, the online group (80.8%) understood better as the course progressed, compared to 59.6% of the faceto-face group. The connection between Anatomy and other subjects was more highlighted by the face-to-face group (30.8%) compared to the online group (15.4%). Both groups agree that physical contact with anatomical specimens is essential; however, some believe that initial exposure through 3D images or photographs is feasible. We concluded based on this preliminary study that the initial interactions with the Anatomy field should include diversified pedagogical techniques with empathetic communication. The use of modern technological resources are allies in the teaching-learning process. Furthermore, after abstracting the contents, technology alone can effectively maintain and update anatomical knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: The Sierras Pampeanas Centrales of Argentina constitute the fourth centre of diversity of lycophytes and ferns in the Cono Sur, where representatives of four families of lycophytes live: Huperziaceae, Lycopodiaceae, Isoetaceae and Selaginellaceae. The aim of this work is to provide data of the morphology of their spores observed with optical and scanning electron microscopes, as a contribution to the taxonomy and conservation. M&M: The materials were analysed without prior chemical treatment and photographic records were obtained with both observation equipments. Results: The morphological diagnostic features of the spores are presented. The Huperziaceae and Lycopodiaceae are isosporous with trilete spores. Huperziaceae presents foveolated or fossulated spores, while Lycopodiaceae spores are reticulate, scabrate and baculate. In Isoetes hieronymi (heterosporate), the microspores are monolete with echinate ornamentation, while the megaspores are trilete, with reticulate ornamentation. The Selaginellaceae, all heterosporate, produce trilete microspores and megaspores, both with varied ornamentation. Conclusions: Spore characteristics provide relevant information for regional floristic studies as well as for taxonomic assignments, both of extant flora and fossil records. Also, for studies of the composition of soil spore banks as a tool for the conservation of local floristic biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Pteris is widely distributed with ca. 65 species in the Tropics. In Brazil, 24 species were recognized and five of them are endemic to the Atlantic Forest. The objective of the present paper is to re-evaluate the taxonomy of Pteris occurring in Brazil, based on new morphological evidence of old and recent specimens deposited in herbaria, analysis of types, and observations in the field. M&M: The new approaches are based on morphological data such as SEM images of the spores and from the examination of herbarium collections mainly from SP and RB Herbaria. Results: Four species are being recognized in the present paper (P. lata, P. organensis, P. praealta, and P. sericea). For two of them, two new combinations into Pteris are presented: P. organensis and P. praealta. A key to distinguishing the newly recognized species and its relative taxa, as well as descriptions, illustrations, and comments are presented in this paper. Conclusions: By reviewing herbarium materials, mainly observing the morphology of the spores, and collecting more specimens in the field, it was possible to recognize three species (Pteris lata, P. organensis, and P. praealta) in Brazil and also verify the correct application of the name Pteris sericea to the Brazilian plants. All these names had been previously synonymized in previous studies. After this study, 27 species of Pteris are recognized in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morphological dimensions are reliable representations of the functioning, growth, and development of the skeletal- muscular system, defining a significant role in the sport of volleyball. In volleyball, it is imperative to identify the anthropometric constitution generated by endogenous and exogenous factors. The aim of the study was to determine the differences in morphological characteristics between junior and senior members of the BIH national team. The sample of respondents included 29 male volleyball players from the national team of BIH, divided into a subsample of seniors (n=13; Body Height = 194.77 ± 7.01 cm; Body weight = 92.92 ± 7.02 kg) and a subsample of juniors (n=16, Body Height = 197.06±4.65cm; Body weight = 83.19±5.15 kg). Thirteen (13) variables of anthropometric space were measured. Anthropometric measurements were conducted following the ISAK standard procedure guidelines. The standard metric instruments were applied: Stadiometer (SECA 213, Germany) - used for measuring body height; Body mass was measured by a digital scale (Tefal/0-160kg); Circumference measurements were measured with a foldable non-elastic tape measure and a Gullick Tape (Baseline Measurement Tape/300cm) and a Calliper measured skin folds. The T-test results revealed statistically significant differences (approximately 54%) between the senior and junior players in various anthropometric measurements, including weight (T=4.307, p<0.001), leg length (T= - 4.251, p<0.001), hand length (T=2.661, p<0.015), upper arm circumference (T= 4.514, p<0.001), forearm circumference (T=5.275, p<0.001), upper arm skinfold (T= 5.741, p<0.001), and abdominal skinfold (T= 3.098, p<0.009). The male volleyball national team of VIH's senior players displayed superior anthropometric attributes compared to their junior counterparts. Identifying discrepancies at an early stage can optimize both the training regimen and the process of selecting players at a young age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning the meaning of words entails also understanding the meaning of the morphemes in them. With the goal of providing evidence on the learning of new morphemes at very young ages, for this study we designed a preferential attention task with the participation of children aged 18, 24 and 30 months. During the training, they were presented with objects that had a wavy or straight cutout, with each kind of cutout associated with a pseudo-morpheme (-sa or -go) in a set of pseudo-words. In each phase of the trial, both kinds of cutouts were presented in new objects as the children listened to a new pseudo-word with one of the pseudo-morphemes in which they had been trained. The results indicated that the children were able to associate the pseudo-morpheme -go with its referent, especially at 18 and 30 months old. The possible effects of whether or not the morphemes in the task are regular are discussed; however, evidence was found in favour of the children having the ability to identify a new morpheme and associate it with its meaning, a fundamental skill in learning morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the rediscovery, a century after its last record, of two specimens of Pristimantis ruidus from approximately 6 km northeast of its type locality, in a montane forest from the western Andes of southern Ecuador. This species, described by John D. Lynch in 1979, based on specimens collected in 1922 by George H. Tate, was previously known only from the type series, all specimens originating from a single locality (Molleturo, Provincia Azuay, Ecuador, 2317 m elev.). The rediscovery occurred in November 2022 in the Reserva de Conservación Quitahuaycu, Molleturo Parish, Azuay Province. The two specimens, both females, are characterised by rough skin with numerous rounded low warts and tubercles on their dorsum, a W-shaped occipital fold, tympanum and tympanic ring not externally visible and by the lack of cranial crests, characters that correspond with the description of the holotype. We evaluate the phylogenetic relationships, based on two mitochondrial genes (12S and 16S rRNA) and one nuclear gene (RAG-1). These analyses reveal Pristimantis ruidus as a member of the subgenus Huicundomantis, being most closely related to P. philipi, a species with a distribution restricted to the paramo of the same mountain region (Macizo del Cajas). Pristimantis ruidus co-exists with Pristimantis jimenezi, three additional species of Pristimantis and one Noblella with uncertain taxonomic status. This rediscovery underscores the urgency of implementing effective conservation and monitoring measures for the few remnants of the original ecosystems from western Ecuador, which face ongoing anthropogenic threats and harbour a diversity that remains insufficiently studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resveratrol (RES) and quercetine (QRC), is a promising agent relevant for both cancer chemoprevention and treatment via several signaling pathways, involved in their anticancer activity related to its chemotherapeutic potential, associated with the induction of ROS generation in cancer cells, leading to apoptosis. In our study, we have summarized the mechanisms of action of RES and QRC, and their pharmacological implications and potential therapeutic applications in cancer therapy. After treatment of Hep 2 cells with QRC or RES, the death pathways such as the cytochrome c release, ERK1/2 and IRS-1 pathways were upregulated, while cell survival pathway, including PI3K/AKT were downregulated. The RES and QRC caused oncosis, cells hypertrophy, hypercondensatin of chromatin, rupture of the plasma membrane and nuclear membrane, and formation of apoptotic bodies. Morphometric measurements of some cellular and nuclear parameters showed that RES and QRC induced an increase in cells and nuclear size, the nucleocytoplasmic ratio remained below 1 (N-Cyt R < 1), sign of low nuclear activity. The RES and QRC induced apoptosis of Hep2 cells by increasing of oxidative stress markers, MDA, and by modulating detoxifying enzymes, CAT and SOD. Our study results prove antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties of quercetin and resveratrol with regard to larynx cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A morphological study of S. boneti (Parisi, 1972) and its intraspecific variation is presented, providing a complete description with drawings, and photos. New records for this and other species are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Actas de Diseño is the property of Facultad de Diseno y Comunicacion, Fundacion Universidad de Palermo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE MARKER OF DEGREE -SZ-/-EJSZ- Polish comparative of adjectives is marked by suffix -sz-, which has a variant -ejsz-. The distribution of the two variants is a matter of debate. Whereas there is no doubt that only -sz- can occur after stems ending with a single consonant, consonant clusters generally require the extended form. Still, there is a number of clusters which can be followed by the shorter form, which is often (at least implicitly) considered basic. There were numerous attempts to precisely define the contexts governing the distribution of the two variants, often connecting it to the sonority scale. We suggest that it is rather the distribution of the shorter form, which is more restricted, namely it may follow only a cluster of two consonants ending with a stop, or a single consonant. At the same time, any cluster can be followed by the longer form. Therefore, in the reminder of the article we examine the frequency of the longer forms following the clusters ending with a stop or affricate, which prove to be attested for a number of adjectives, however they are very rare. The article is based on large bodies of data, namely a morphological dictionary with over 1000 morphologically gradable adjectives (Polimorf) and three corpora.

Antecedentes: La integración de la tecnología en la educación médica ha transformado significativamente la enseñanza de la morfología, una disciplina fundamental en las ciencias de la salud. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es descubrir las herramientas tecnológicas que se reportan en la literatura para la enseñanza de la morfología en la educación médica y evaluar su influencia en los estudiantes. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices PRISMA 2020. Las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos Web of Science y SCOPUS, enfocándose en estudios publicados entre 2009 y 2024. Se incluyeron artículos que examinaran el uso de la tecnología en la enseñanza de la morfología y que proporcionaran resultados cuantitativos o cualitativos comparando el uso de tecnología con métodos tradicionales. Resultados: Se identificaron un total de 87 artículos, de los cuales 12 estudios fueron incluidos en el análisis final. El uso de microscopios digitales y virtuales, modelos 3D, plataformas interactivas y recursos en línea mostró una mejora significativa en el rendimiento académico y la satisfacción de los estudiantes. Además, estas tecnologías mejoraron las habilidades técnicas y espaciales, promoviendo la participación activa y la autonomía estudiantil. Sin embargo, dos estudios no reportaron diferencias significativas en los resultados académicos. Conclusiones: La literatura reporta una influencia positiva en el aprendizaje de la morfología, mejorando aspectos como rendimiento académico y la participación estudiantil. Las futuras investigaciones deberían enfocarse en los impactos a largo plazo y en enfoques personalizados para optimizar el uso de la tecnología en la educación médica.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo avanzar en el análisis de la fonología y de la morfología de la Campiña de Córdoba entre 1740 y 1820, a partir de un corpus epistolar de proximidad comunicativa perteneciente a la misma saga familiar en la villa de Santaella. Estudiaremos el vocalismo, el consonantismo y la forma -(s-z)g- en verbos terminados en -(e)cer y en -cir. Estableceremos un diálogo de base teórica y empírica con el objeto de determinar el alcance de los rasgos de nuestro corpus en el espacio hispanohablante de la época y, con base en lo anterior, discutir la pertinencia de algunas etiquetas de cobertura frecuentes en la descripción de dichos rasgos en la historia del español.

A morphological study is carried out on the taxonomic characters of the species of the genus Bruchidius Schilsky, 1905, grouped in the bimaculatus subgeneric group, present in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the Balearic Islands, and the Canary Islands. The morphological characters and their value as a discriminating criterion of the species of the group are analyzed, as well as the concordant and discordant aspects of the known trophic biology of the different species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of the collection of ferns and lycophytes in the Huasteca potosina of Mexico, a new species of Adiantum is described and illustrated. Adiantum aquismonense has morphological and anatomical features that distinguish it from Adiantum tricholepis and Adiantum feei. In particular, A. aquismonense has reddish-brown hairs and its geographical distribution tends towards the slope of the Gulf of Mexico. In contrast, A. tricholepis has hyaline hairs, and while A. feei has reddish hairs similar in color to those of the new species, they are shorter. All three species are found in Mexico. Anatomically, the fusion of vascular bundles of the petiole in A. aquismonense occurs distally in the petiole, whereas in A. tricholepis it occurs in the middle of the petiole. The spongy parenchyma of the leaves is more compact in A. tricholepis than in A. aquismonense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The third instar larvae of Chlaenobia rzedowskiana Aragón y Morón 2003 are described from 16 specimens that were reared in the laboratory from larvae captured in a sorghum field in the Jantetelco, Morelos, Mexico. The diagnostic characters were compared with those of Chlaenobia tumulosa. Resumen Se describe la larva de tercer instar de Chlaenobia rzedowskiana Aragón y Morón, 2003, de 16 ejemplares criados en un laboratorio a partir de larvas colectadas en sorgo en el municipio Jantetelco, Morelos, México. Los caracteres diagnósticos se comparan con Chlaenobia tumulosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of FACSalud is the property of Revista FACSalud and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lilloa is the property of Fundacion Miguel Lillo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The species Jatropha curcas L. is distinguished by its rapid growth and adaptability to degraded and dry soils. This research, conducted at the Andil experimental farm of the Southern State University of Manabí, aimed to gather information on the morphological characteristics of six selected genotypes, including four hybrids and two clones of Jatropha curcas. A total of 576 plants were planted in 24 subplots, with four plots assigned to each genotype. Over a period of 23 months, variables such as height, stem diameter, and number of branches were measured on eight selected plants per subplot. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and interpolation was performed for periods not studied. The hybrid JAT 001100 stood out with an average height of 197,72 cm and a range of 199,44 cm, followed by JAT 001103 with 193,9 cm. Stem diameter showed no significant differences, ranging between 7 cm and 6,5 cm. Hybrids JAT 001100, JAT 001103, and JAT 001165 exhibited a higher number of branches (average of 8 to 8,1). Overall, commercial hybrids outperformed local clones in growth and development. These findings contribute to the understanding of Jatropha curcas and may be useful for genotype selection in genetic improvement programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Glassella had never been formally recorded in Brazil. Coelho (1996, 1997) assigned specimens collected in northeastern Brazil, in the states of Maranhão and Pernambuco, to Pinnixa floridana , a species that was recently allocated to Glassella and had its rediagnosis proposed. The reassessment of the material analysed by Coelho and the study of three additional specimens collected during an offshore expedition in the state of Espírito Santo resulted in the discovery and description of a new species and the recognition of another undescribed species of Glassella in Brazilian waters. The new species is herein named G. schubarti sp. nov., in honour of the late Christoph D. Schubart, who has made many important contributions to the study of evolution and diversity of brachyuran crabs. These species represent the southernmost records of the genus and the first species of Glassella described from Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of Aegla is described and illustrated from Alto Paranapanema (São Paulo State), a sub-basin of the Paranapanema watershed. The new species is compared to all seven species of Aegla currently known from the Paranapanema watershed using both morphological and mitochondrial genetic (COI) characters. Molecular sequence comparison analysis also suggested that several records from the Paranapanema watershed previously attributed to Aegla castro actually belong to different species. Opportunity is taken to provide a photograph of the holotype of A. castro (type locality Iapó River, State of Paraná, Tibagi sub-basin, Paranapanema watershed). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dorsal interosseous muscles (DIM) are intrinsic muscles of the hand located dorsally between metacarpal bones, which play a role in finger abduction. Anatomical variations of these muscles in terms of form and length have been well documented, but variations regarding sex and laterality are underexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphology and morphometry of the DIM of the hand regarding sexual dimorphism and laterality. Twenty human cadavers belonging to the white individuals (n = 40 hands) with known sex and laterality were used for this study. DIMs were dissected and observed for morphology. Also, a digital calliper was used to measure the midpoint length of the DIM. The origin and insertion of all the DIM were normal with the left hand having no additional, supernumerary, and absent muscles in each compartment. The variations were only found on the right side and predominant in females: 2 out of 11 (18.18%) hands containing a space with a supernumerary muscle; 1 out of 11 (9.09%) hands having a space with a double muscle; and 1 out of 11 (9.09%) hands having a compartment with a unipennate muscle. In males, 1 out of 9 (11.11%) hands had a compartment with a supernumerary muscle. The mean midpoint length of each muscle in females and males in both hands from the first to the fourth muscle, respectively, was documented. In females on the left: 46.79 ± 3.56; 42.62 ± 3.57; 49.02 ± 4.21; 41.66 ± 2.15 and right: 47.30 ± 2.49; 39.27 ± 4.14; 45.69 ± 4.64; 38.12 ± 4.08. In males, it was on the left: 50.01 ± 3.95; 41.98 ± 3.79; 47.90 ± 4.83; 41.79 ± 4.25, and on the right: 46.65 ± 2.09; 39.01 ± 4.25; 47.47 ± 3.41; 38.31 ± 4.40. The mean midpoint length of the DIM was relatively higher on the left hand compared to the right hand in both females and males. In this study, variations regarding the supernumerary muscle, double interosseous space, and unipennate muscles were only observed on the right-hand side and predominantly in females, an insight that may guide in the treatment of fractures, stiffness of the hand, and compartment syndromes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anterior loop in the mental foramen region is a critical region in the mandible. The non detection of anterior loop leads to inadvertent complications during the surgical procedures in this region. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological assessment of the mental foramen's anterior loop (AL) using (CBCT) cone-beam computed tomography. CBCT data was retrieved from January 2018 to December 2022 and screened for eligibility. Images were viewed using panoramic reconstructed views for initial screening. Further multiplanar reformatted view in axial, coronal and sagittal planes were examined. When anterior loop was detected, the path of inferior alveolar canal was traced and the anterior loop was analyzed. Statistical analysis was carried out on the data. Cross-tabulation was done to associate gender and age with the achieved findings (heights and diameters) using the Chi-square test. In this analysis 519 cases were included and examined for presence of anterior loop. 22 cases were included in the study, out of which 10(45.5%) males and 12(54.5%) females. The prevalence of AL is high among females. AL was found higher on the right side in 14 (68.2%) cases compared to the left side with 7 (31.8%) cases. The mean diameter of AL on the right side was 2.5 mm, and on the left side diameter was 1.96 mm. The prevalence of anterior loop in the region of mental foramen in Saudi Population was found to be 4.24%. Careful evaluation for the anterior loop can prevent hemorrhagic episodes during surgical intervention or implant procedures in the mandibular premolar region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tissue engineering aims to fabricate a scaffold that exhibits a suitable surface topography for a desired cellular response. Therefore, a study analyzing the characteristics of bone grafts is important for future research directions. This work aims to analyze the physical-chemical characteristics of commercially available bone grafts of human and bovine origin for dental use, using morphological analysis of the surface and chemical composition by variable pressure scanning electron microscope (VPSEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectrometry. In addition, pore diameter and surface area were analyzed by degassing method using a porosimeter, and particle size by laser diffraction. The analyzed allograft and xenograft particles differ in morphological characteristics and chemical composition. The allograft particles present a cuboidal and prismatic geometric morphology with angled edges and the absence of macropores. On the contrary, the xenograft particles present an irregular morphology with macropores in their structure. There is a statistically significant difference in C, P, and Ca between the xenograft and allografts (p < 0,05). The analyzed composition of allografts showed mainly the presence of C and O. In contrast, the composition of the xenograft was mainly Ca. These differences could influence the osteogenic properties of allografts and xenografts. This analysis provides basic information to understand the physicochemical properties of allografts and xenografts that facilitate cell-graft interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Craniofacial development is a complex process with several factors involved. When malocclusions have a skeletal origin, they can generate an orthognathic (class I), retrognathic (class II) or prognathic (class III) relationship of the mandibular bone respect to the maxilla. This configuration is closely related to the base of the skull where the sella turcica has been studied for this purpose due to its ectomesenchymal origin (Dasgupta et al., 2018) and its anatomical relationships. Several studies have been conducted to elucidate this relationship and this work seeks to contribute to the discussion by comparing the characteristics of the sella turcica among skeletal malocclusions through lateral teleradiographies. The study was conducted using 52 radiographic plates of individuals between 18 and 24 years old with an equal number of male and female subjects, 15 class I, 7 class II and 30 class III. The radiographic area of the sella turcica was digitally measured and morphologically classified using the categories of Axelsson et al. (2004). An intraclass correlation coefficient was obtained with 95 % confidence, yielding a value of 0.88 for the sella turcica area, 0.89 for the ANB angle and 0.70 for the Wits value, demonstrating excellent observer reliability. With 95 % confidence, Fisher's exact test showed a significant association (p = 0.029) between the morphological variations of the ST and the skeletal class, being more frequent in class III. The Kruskal Wallis H test did not show significant differences (p=0.550) in median sellar area between skeletal classes. Morphological variations seem to be more relevant than anatomical variations in this association. New studies are required in the Chilean population with a greater number of cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Álabe is the property of Alabe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Varios aspectos del sistema craneomandibular deben ser investigados para profundizar nuestra comprensión de las causas próximas y evolutivas de las enfermedades orales más comunes en poblaciones humanas. Las poblaciones de América Central y América del Sur se ven afectadas por una elevada prevalencia de caries y, en general, padecen una salud bucodental deficiente. Por otra parte, tienen un acceso limitado a la atención sanitaria profesional, lo que hace aún más urgente la necesidad de centrar la investigación en estas regiones. Dada la naturaleza multifactorial de los determinantes que subyacen a las enfermedades bucodentales, y considerando la complejidad del sistema estomatognático, el trabajo interdisciplinar entre antropólogos, odontólogos, especialistas en dolor orofacial, entre otros, parece ser el más adecuado para llevar a cabo investigaciones que aborden las enfermedades bucodentales más comunes y sus posibles efectos funcionales y sociales en el individuo. Antropólogos y odontólogos comparten un interés común en el sistema craneomandibular, su variación morfológica y sus dolencias, y tradicionalmente han utilizado métodos similares para su investigación. Combinando los diferentes conjuntos de habilidades que poseen, estos profesionales podrían trabajar sinérgicamente para generar conocimientos relevantes que apoyen a las partes interesadas y puedan llegar a los responsables políticos de la atención de la salud bucodental. Su estrecha colaboración ayudaría a identificar los problemas de salud más relevantes, recopilar datos epidemiológicos y comprender sus implicaciones en el bienestar individual, respondiendo así a las necesidades de las poblaciones de estudio y cumpliendo la normativa ética local.

Introducción y objetivos: Las Sierras Pampeanas Centrales de Argentina constituyen el cuarto centro de diversidad de licofitas y helechos del Cono Sur, donde habitan representantes de cuatro familias de Licofitas: Huperziaceae, Lycopodiaceae, Isoetaceae y Selaginellaceae. El objetivo de este trabajo es aportar datos sobre la morfología de las esporas observadas con microscopios óptico y electrónico de barrido como contribución a la taxonomía y conservación. M&M: El material fue analizado sin tratamiento químico previo y se obtuvieron registros fotográficos con ambos equipos de observación. Resultados: Se presentan las características diagnósticas de la morfología de las esporas. Las Huperziaceae y Lycopodiaceae son isosporadas con esporas triletes. Huperziaceae presenta esporas foveoladas o fosuladas, mientras que en las Lycopodiaceae las esporas son reticuladas, escabradas y baculadas. En Isoetes hieronymi (heterosporada), las microsporas son monoletes con ornamentación equinada, en tanto que las megasporas son triletes, con ornamentación reticulada. Las Selaginellaceae, todas heterosporadas, producen microsporas y megasporas triletes, ambas con ornamentación variada. Conclusiones: Las características de las esporas aportan información relevante para estudios florísticos regionales así como para asignaciones taxonómicas, tanto de la flora actual como de registros fósiles. También, para estudios de la composición de los bancos de esporas del suelo como herramienta para la conservación de la biodiversidad florística local

El objetivo de este trabajo es actualizar, sistematizar y discutir la información cronológica, geográfica, morfológica y las funciones que tuvieron los perros (Canis familiaris) entre las sociedades prehispánicas del Noroeste argentino. Para ello se volvieron a estudiar registros previos, a los que se sumaron hallazgos inéditos aquí descriptos (NMI= 14). Los resultados indican que la especie se asocia exclusivamente a sociedades sedentarias agropastoriles. El hallazgo más temprano es de ca. 400-1000 años A.D., y la mayor abundancia y dispersión geográfica se registró durante el Período de Desarrollos Regionales y el Período Inca. Los perros del Noroeste argentino no pertenecían a la variedad sin pelo; eran de tamaño mediano a pequeño y principalmente del morfotipo braquicéfalo. Esta especie participó como acompañante de entierros humanos, fueron esporádicamente consumidos y/o utilizados como recursos peleteros, mientras que no eran relevantes como auxiliares de caza. Su rol como pastores permanece inconcluso.

La investigación actual no solo ofrece la oportunidad de conocer y rescatar, sino principalmente de aprender acerca de la morfología distintiva de la Cultura Valdivia. A través del análisis de 20 piezas cerámicas, se recopiló información técnica y gráfica. Este estudio se centró en la interpretación sintáctica y semántica de las formas, atribuyéndoles un valor simbólico arraigado en la riqueza ancestral de la cultura. El resultado de este proceso fue la generación de nuevos códigos gráficos, contribuyendo significativamente a la alfabetización visual basada en las formas representativas únicas de la Cultura Valdivia. Este enfoque integral no solo enriquece nuestro entendimiento de la expresión artística de esta cultura antigua, sino que también aporta a la creación de un lenguaje visual contemporáneo inspirado en sus elementos distintivos.

La intención de este trabajo es contribuir al debate abierto por las antropologías del futuro, en particular problematizar la tesis de que la configuración de dinámicas sociales y culturales contemporáneas puedan ser diseñadas causalmente desde una orientación futura. Retomo la idea para pensar sí este planteamiento se le puede aplicar al hecho comunidad indígena, a sabiendas que ésta es la materialización de la tradición y la costumbre. Usando algunos ejemplos etnográficos provenientes de dos comunidades indígenas del estado mexicano de Oaxaca, bosquejo líneas interpretativas donde concilio herencia histórica, morfología y comunidad, con orientaciones, acción social y futuro. Parto de la hipótesis de que lo común actúa como un a priori de la acción de sujetos que orientan, con sus prácticas, a la comunidad hacia futuros posibles.

Copyright of Bitácora Urbano/Territorial is the property of Bitacora Urbano/Territorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The harlequin toads (Bufonidae, Atelopus) from the Cordillera Occidental of Colombia are poorly understood, with several species being known only from few specimens and a single locality. Material from the Yotoco area, Departamento Valle del Cauca, has been addressed in previous studies and was allocated ambiguously to different available names. We here describe the Yotoco Atelopus as a species new to science as it is readily distinguished from all congenerics by a combination of morphological characters (i.e., snout profile, cranial crests, skin texture, pattern and coloration). In addition, we comment on the taxonomy of three Atelopus populations from the Cordillera Occidental and the Cordillera Central of Colombia; two of them we tentatively assign to A. nicefori and A. sonsonensis, respectively. The third one remains of unclear status. The need for further examination of the harlequin toads from the Andes of Colombia in an integrative taxonomic framework is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the lapillus otolith shapes of males and females of Scleromystax barbatus from southern and southeastern regions in the Atlantic Rainforest biome employing Fourier and Wavelet descriptors. The utricular otoliths of S. barbatus are ovoid, with the gibbus maculae occupying almost all the ventral portion, similar to most Callichthyidae species. Otoliths of males and females of S. barbatus from the southeastern studied region are more elongated in the anterior-posterior direction and present larger sulcus and gibbus maculae, with heterogeneous borders. We found no sexual-based dimorphism in otolith shape within regions, however regional differences were registered and attributed to variations in fish life history mediated by differences in environmental factors (e.g., climatic conditions) between the southern and southeastern regions in the Atlantic Rainforest biome. Additional studies are suggested to investigate the influence of genetic effects and their environmental interactions to better understand how these factors are related with otolith shape and influence the discrimination among S. barbatus populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forensic entomotoxicology, which analyzes necrophagous insects to detect toxic substances, is crucial in determining causes of death and estimating the post-mortem interval. This study focused on Peckia intermutans (Walker) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) as a marker for detecting methanol, a potentially lethal alcohol often added as an adulterant in alcoholic beverages due to its low cost and similarity to ethanol. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) method was developed to detect methanol, and its effects on the development time, survival, and morphology of flesh flies were investigated. Larvae were reared on liver substrates enriched with methanol (300, 500, and 1000 mg/kg). Results showed: the developed method detected methanol in all instars; methanol affected the developmental time of the flies; survival increased with higher methanol concentration; and morphological changes were evident in weight. This study provides valuable information on entomotoxicological research in Ecuador, emphasizing the need to consider morphological changes in P. intermutans to avoid inaccurate estimations of post-mortem intervals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the formal strategies underlying the formation of compounds in Colombian sign language, based on a corpus collected between 2018 and 2022 with deaf signers from Medellín, Colombia. It is a descriptive study that compares compositional patterns with those of other sign languages, such as those presented in Pfau (2016) and Meir et al. (2010). In the corpus, we find sequential and simultaneous compounds. Sequentials may present changes in their constituents, which imply a formal fusion, such as the shortening of one of the signs, the anticipation of the passive hand, and the extension of the passive hand, a strategy not usually mentioned in the literature. We have noted the existence of endocentric and exocentric compounds. In sequential endocentrics, the core is performed first and then the determinant. In simultaneous endocentrics, the tendency observed is that the passive hand performs the core and the active hand performs the determinant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to update, systematize, and discuss the chronological, geographical, and morphological information as well as the functions that dogs (Canis familiaris) had among the preHispanic societies of northwestern Argentina. For this purpose, previous records were re-examined, and new, unpublished findings (MNI= 14) are presented. The results show that the species was exclusively associated with sedentary agro-pastoral societies. The earliest discovery dates back approximately 400-1000 years A.D., and the highest abundance and geographic dispersion were recorded during the Regional Developments and Inca Periods. Dogs in the Northwestern region of Argentina were not of the hairless variety; they were of medium to small size and predominantly exhibited the brachycephalic morphotype. The dogs were found as companions in human burials, were sporadically consumed and/or used as fur resources. In addition, they were not relevant as hunting aids. Their role as herders is not well-defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to characterize the phenotypic profile, through morphological and phaneroptic characters of the remnant of the Nordestina horse in the state of Paraíba, and to help in the process of updating the racial pattern with the Brazilian Association of Nordestina Horse Breeders (ABCCN). 200 animals were used at random, from 3 years of age (25 males, 69 castrated males and 106 females). The evaluation was done visually and the information was recorded in a notebook. Qualitative characteristics were evaluated, such as coat color, head and bevel profile, neck shape, croup inclination, tail insertion, chest width, eye shape, color and size of hooves. Thus, each character received a sequence of numbers, corresponding to each phenotypic class. In the distribution of the coat there is a diversity in the types of coats found, highlighting the gray (35.95%), chestnut (34.24%), followed by the sorrel (14.87%), were found coats bay, black and tobiana. The chamfer profile most frequently is the straight type 73.58%; 56.00% and 79.71% females, intact and castrated males, respectively, followed by the subconvex. The conformation of the croup showed a higher frequency of the slightly inclined type, and a lower frequency of the horizontal type. The evaluated animals have, in general, predominantly brown and gray fur, rectilinear and subconvex chamfer, pyramidal neck, small, dark or black hooves, slightly sloping rump and low insertion tail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cabari Gregório & D.B.O.S.Cardoso (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) is a recently described neotropical genus of trees, with species predominantly distributed in the Amazon basin. After robust evidence from a recent phylogenetic analysis of nuclear and plastid DNA sequence data, the genus was segregated from Clathrotropis (Benth.) Harms. Cabari is a genus of large trees with imparipinnately compound leaves and opposite leaflets, inflorescences terminal or less often axillary, woody pods with elastically dehiscent valves, and large seeds. In this taxonomic revision, the genus comprises three species: C. brachypetala, C. brunnea, and C. macrocarpa. We provide morphological descriptions and taxonomic comments for all species, as well as an identification key, three new synonyms, color plates, line drawings, and maps of geographic distribution. Cabari Gregório & D.B.O.S.Cardoso (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) é um gênero de árvores neotropicais recentemente descrito, com espécies predominantemente distribuídas na bacia amazônica. Após evidências robustas de uma análise filogenética recente de dados de sequências de DNA nuclear e plastidial, o gênero foi segregado de Clathrotropis (Benth.) Harms. Cabari é um gênero de árvores grandes com folhas compostas imparipinadas e folíolos opostos, inflorescências terminais ou menos frequentemente axilares, legumes lenhosos com válvulas elasticamente deiscentes e sementes grandes. Nesta revisão taxonômica, o gênero compreende três espécies: C. brachypetala, C. brunnea e C. macrocarpa. Nós fornecemos descrições morfológicas e comentários taxonômicos para todas as espécies, bem como uma chave de identificação, três novos sinônimos, pranchas com imagens, ilustrações e mapas de distribuição geográfica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peripheral nerve injury is an extremely important medical and socio-economic problem. It is far from a solution, despite on rapid development of technologies. To study the effect of long-term electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves, we used a domestically produced electrical stimulation system, which is approved for clinical use. The study was performed on 28 rabbits. Control of regeneration was carried out after 3 month with morphologic techniques. The use of long-term electrostimulation technology leads to an improvement in the results of the recovery of the nerve trunk after an injury, both directly at the site of damage, when stimulation begins in the early period, and indirectly, after the nerve fibers reach the effector muscle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clearing and staining techniques have been present since 1897, However, their use in anatomical studies of adult micromammals has been limited. When using such techniques in combination with allometric method, it is possible to study articulated skeletons of micromammals, instead of relying only on the skulls, which is important in morphologically complicated groups as the rodents. Research involving multivariate allometric analysis of postcranial skeleton of rodents has been limited and confined to specific items. In this study, we analyzed and compared the morphometry of the skeleton of Neotomodon alstoni with that of Meriones unguiculatus, Phodopus campbelli and Rattus norvegicus. We applied the double staining and clearing technique in order to determine the morphometric relation between these rodents using sixty skeletal characters. We found that three species share two common correlations and one isometric, with apparent similarities between the morphometry patterns of P campbelli with the ossification pattern described for the related species Mesocricetus auratus. The differences in allometric growth could represent differences in the development stages according to the type of life history for each species. In this analysis we confirmed that both the preparation technique and morphometric analysis method, are simple yet verifiable tools for anatomical and morphological studies. Our results reflect the conditions of ontogenetic development derived from the heterochrony pattern for each species, representing the evolutionary history for this group. Therefore, as this approach continues to be discussed, ongoing research is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.), has its origin in the Amazon and is usually grown under the shade of trees and or in full sun exposure. This variability in light conditions makes physiological responses different between cocoa cultivars. In the coming decades, an inevitable increase in global temperature is expected. By 2050, it is estimated that in the Latin American tropical region these increases will lead to reductions in precipitation greater than 10%, that is, we will have drier environments, which will undoubtedly affect cocoa cultivation. There is uncertainty in the possible effects of changes in temperature on cocoa due to the lack of information and the few cultivars that have been evaluated. The information collected in this review serves as a basis for understanding the responses of cocoa to light and temperature conditions and it is undeniable that more research is required to achieve a greater understanding of the complexities of climate changes and their effects on cocoa production. One aspect that stands out is a focus on research that must be carried out in field conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]