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1. Absolute light yield of the EJ-204 plastic scintillator

Author

Brown, J. A., Laplace, T. A., Goldblum, B. L., Manfredi, J. J., Johnson, T. S., Moretti, F., and Venkatraman, A.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The absolute light yield of a scintillator, defined as the number of scintillation photons produced per unit energy deposited, is a useful quantity for scintillator development, research, and applications. Yet, literature data on the absolute light yield of organic scintillators are limited. The goal of this work is to assess the suitability of the EJ-204 plastic scintillator from Eljen Technology to serve as a reference standard for measurements of the absolute light yield of organic scintillators. Four EJ-204 samples were examined: two manufactured approximately four months prior and stored in high-purity nitrogen, and two aged approximately eleven years and stored in ambient air. The scintillator response was measured using a large-area avalanche photodiode calibrated using low energy $\gamma$-ray and X-ray sources. The product of the quantum efficiency of the photodetector and light collection efficiency of the housing was characterized using an experimentally-benchmarked optical photon simulation. The average absolute light yield of the fresh samples, 9100 $\pm$ 400 photons per MeV, is lower than the manufacturer-reported value of 10400 photons per MeV. Moreover, the aged samples demonstrated significantly lower light yields, deviating from the manufacturer specification by as much as 26\%. These results are consistent with recent work showcasing environmental aging in plastic scintillators and suggest that experimenters should use caution when deploying plastic scintillators in photon counting applications., Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures

Published
2023
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2. Absolute light yield of the EJ-204 plastic scintillator

Author

Brown, JA, Laplace, TA, Goldblum, BL, Manfredi, JJ, Johnson, TS, Moretti, F, and Venkatraman, A

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Absolute light yield, Organic scintillator, Plastic scintillator, Scintillator characterization, Aging, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Other Physical Sciences, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract

The absolute light yield of a scintillator, defined as the number of scintillation photons produced per unit energy deposited, is a useful quantity for scintillator development, research, and applications. Yet, literature data on the absolute light yield of organic scintillators are limited. The goal of this work is to assess the suitability of the EJ-204 plastic scintillator from Eljen Technology to serve as a reference standard for measurements of the absolute light yield of organic scintillators. Four EJ-204 samples were examined: two manufactured approximately four months prior and stored in high-purity nitrogen, and two aged approximately eleven years and stored in ambient air. The scintillator response was measured using a large-area avalanche photodiode calibrated using low energy γ-ray and X-ray sources. The product of the quantum efficiency of the photodetector and light collection efficiency of the housing was characterized using an experimentally-benchmarked optical photon simulation. The average absolute light yield of the fresh samples, 9100 ± 400 photons per MeV, is lower than the manufacturer-reported value of 10400 photons per MeV. Moreover, the aged samples demonstrated significantly lower light yields, deviating from the manufacturer specification by as much as 26%. These results are consistent with recent work showcasing environmental aging in plastic scintillators and suggest that experimenters should use caution when deploying plastic scintillators in photon counting applications.

Published
2023

3. Torsional birefringence in metric-affine Chern-Simons gravity: gravitational waves in late-time cosmology

Author

Boudet, S., Bombacigno, F., Moretti, F., and Olmo, G. J.

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

In the context of the metric-affine Chern-Simons gravity endowed with projective invariance, we derive analytical solutions for torsion and nonmetricity in the homogeneous and isotropic cosmological case, described by a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric. We discuss in some details the general properties of the cosmological solutions in the presence of a perfect fluid, such as the dynamical stability and the emergence of big bounce points, and we examine the structure of some specific solutions reproducing de Sitter and power law behaviours for the scale factor. Then, we focus on first-order perturbations in the de Sitter scenario, and we study the propagation of gravitational waves in the adiabatic limit, looking at tensor and scalar polarizations. In particular, we find that metric tensor modes couple to torsion tensor components, leading to the appearance, as in the metric version of Chern-Simons gravity, of birefringence, characterized by different dispersion relations for the left and right circularized polarization states. As a result, the purely tensor part of torsion propagates like a wave, while nonmetricity decouples and behaves like a harmonic oscillator. Finally, we discuss scalar modes, outlining as they decay exponentially in time and do not propagate., Comment: version accepted for publication in JCAP

Published
2022
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4. Semileptonic weak Hamiltonian to $\mathcal{O}(\alpha \alpha_s(\mu_{\mathrm{Lattice}}))$ in momentum-space subtraction schemes

Author

Gorbahn, M., Jäger, S., Moretti, F., and van der Merwe, E.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract

The CKM unitarity precision test of the Standard Model requires a systematic treatment of electromagnetic and strong corrections for semi-leptonic decays. Electromagnetic corrections require the renormalization of a semileptonic four-fermion operator. In this work we calculate the $\mathcal{O}(\alpha\alpha_s)$ perturbative scheme conversion between the $\bar{\rm MS}$ scheme and several momentum-space subtraction schemes, which can also be implemented on the lattice. We consider schemes defined by MOM and SMOM kinematics and emphasize the importance of the choice of projector for each scheme. The conventional projector, that has been used in the literature for MOM kinematics, generates QCD corrections to the conversion factor that do not vanish for $\alpha=0$ and which generate an artificial dependence on the lattice matching scale that would only disappear after summing all orders of perturbation theory. This can be traced to the violation of a Ward identity that holds in tha $\alpha =0$ limit. We show how to remedy this by judicious choices of projector, and prove that the Wilson coefficients in those schemes are free from pure QCD contributions. The resulting Wilson coefficients (and operator matrix elements) have greatly reduced scale dependence. Our choice of the $\bar{\rm MS}$ scheme over the traditional $W$-mass scheme is motivated by the fact that, besides being more tractable at higher orders, unlike the latter it allows for a transparent separation of scales. We exploit this to obtain renormalization-group-improved leading-log and next-to-leading-log strong corrections to the electromagnetic contributions and study the (QED-induced) dependence on the lattice matching scale., Comment: 1+22 pages

Published
2022
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5. A Call to Arms Control: Synergies between Nonproliferation Applications of Neutrino Detectors and Large-Scale Fundamental Neutrino Physics Experiments

Author

Akindele, T., Anderson, T., Anderssen, E., Askins, M., Bohles, M., Bacon, A. J., Bagdasarian, Z., Baldoni, A., Barna, A., Barros, N., Bartoszek, L., Bat, A., Beier, E. W., Benson, T., Bergevin, M., Bernstein, A., Birrittella, B., Blucher, E., Boissevain, J., Bonventre, R., Borusinki, J., Bourret, E., Brown, D., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Chen, M., Cowen, D. F., Crow, B., Dalnoki-Veress, F., Danielson, D., Dazeley, S., Diwan, M., Djurcic, Z., Druetzler, A., Dye, S., Dye, S. T., Eisch, J., Elagin, A., Enqvist, T., Erlandson, Andrew, Fahrendholz, U., Fienberg, A., Fischer, V., Frankiewicz, K., Garzelli, M. V., Gooding, D., Graham, C., Grant, C., Griskevich, J., Guffanti, D., Hagner, C., Hallin, A., He, J., Hecla, J., Jackson, C. M., Jiang, R., Jovanovic, I., Kaptanoglu, T., Keenan, M., Keener, P., Kemp, E., Klein, J. R., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Kraus, C., Krennrich, F., Kroupa, T., Kunkle, P., Kutter, T., Lachenmaier, T., Land, B., Lande, K., Learned, J., Learned, J. G., Lebanowski, L., Li, V., Li, V. A., Lozza, V., Ludhova, L., Mahapatra, Rupak, Malek, M., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Marino, A., Marr-Laundrie, P., Martyn, J., Mastbaum, A., Mauger, C., Mayer, M., Migenda, J., Moore, J., Moretti, F., Mullen, A., Napolitano, J., Naranjo, B., Naugle, S., Neights, E., Newcomer, M., Nieslony, M., Nikolica, A., Nishimura, K., O'Meara, B., Oberauer, L., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Ogren, K., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Ouellet, J., Oxborough, L., Papatyi, A., Paulos, B., Pershing, T., Petcov, S. T., Pickard, L., Pronost, G., Rosero, R., Saba, J., Sabarots, L., Sanchez, M. C., Sawatzki, J., Schoppmann, S., Sensenig, J., Seo, S. H., Seo, S., Shebalin, V., Smiley, M., Smy, M., Song, H., Stahl, A., Steiger, H., Stock, M. R., Suekane, F., Sunej, H., Sutanto, F., Svoboda, R., Tiras, E., Trzaska, W. H., Tzanov, M., Vagins, M., Van Berg, R., Varner, G., Veeraraghavan, V., Ventura, S., Vilela, C., Vogelaar, R. B., Walsh, B., Wang, Z., Wang, J., Wang, W., Wendel, G., Westphal, D., Wetstein, M., Wilhelm, A., Wilking, M. J., Winslow, L., Wittich, P., Wolcott, S., Wonsak, B., Worcester, E., Wurm, M., Yang, G., Yeh, M., Zimmerman, E. D., Zsoldos, S., and Zuber, K.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Physics and Society
Abstract

The High Energy Physics community can benefit from a natural synergy in research activities into next-generation large-scale water and scintillator neutrino detectors, now being studied for remote reactor monitoring, discovery and exclusion applications in cooperative nonproliferation contexts. Since approximately 2010, US nonproliferation researchers, supported by the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), have been studying a range of possible applications of relatively large (100 ton) to very large (hundreds of kiloton) water and scintillator neutrino detectors. In parallel, the fundamental physics community has been developing detectors at similar scales and with similar design features for a range of high-priority physics topics, primarily in fundamental neutrino physics. These topics include neutrino oscillation studies at beams and reactors, solar, and geological neutrino measurements, supernova studies, and others. Examples of ongoing synergistic work at U.S. national laboratories and universities include prototype gadolinium-doped water and water-based and opaque scintillator test-beds and demonstrators, extensive testing and industry partnerships related to large area fast position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes, and the development of concepts for a possible underground kiloton-scale water-based detector for reactor monitoring and technology demonstrations. Some opportunities for engagement between the two communities include bi-annual Applied Antineutrino Physics conferences, collaboration with U.S. National Laboratories engaging in this research, and occasional NNSA funding opportunities supporting a blend of nonproliferation and basic science R&D, directed at the U.S. academic community., Comment: contribution to Snowmass 2021

Published
2022

6. Theia: Summary of physics program. Snowmass White Paper Submission

Author

Askins, M., Bagdasarian, Z., Barros, N., Beier, E. W., Bernstein, A., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Bourret, E., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Diwan, M., Dye, S. T., Eisch, J., Elagin, A., Enqvist, T., Fahrendholz, U., Fischer, V., Frankiewicz, K., Grant, C., Guffanti, D., Hagner, C., Hallin, A., Jackson, C. M., Jiang, R., Kaptanoglu, T., Klein, J. R., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Kraus, C., Krennrich, F., Kutter, T., Lachenmaier, T., Land, B., Lande, K., Lebanowski, L., Learned, J. G., Li, V. A., Lozza, V., Ludhova, L., Malek, M., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Maricic, J., Martyn, J., Mastbaum, A., Mauger, C., Mayer, M., Migenda, J., Moretti, F., Napolitano, J., Naranjo, B., Nieslony, M., Oberauer, L., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Ouellet, J., Pershing, T., Petcov, S. T., Pickard, L., Rosero, R., Sanchez, M. C., Sawatzki, J., Seo, S. H., Smiley, M., Smy, M., Stahl, A., Steiger, H., Stock, M. R., Sunej, H., Svoboda, R., Tiras, E., Trzaska, W. H., Tzanov, M., Vagins, M., Vilela, C., Wang, Z., Wang, J., Wetstein, M., Wilking, M. J., Winslow, L., Wittich, P., Wonsak, B., Worcester, E., Wurm, M., Yang, G., Yeh, M., Zimmerman, E. D., Zsoldos, S., and Zuber, K.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Theia would be a novel, "hybrid" optical neutrino detector, with a rich physics program. This paper is intended to provide a brief overview of the concepts and physics reach of Theia. Full details can be found in the Theia white paper [1]., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021

Published
2022

7. Comparative scintillation performance of EJ-309, EJ-276, and a novel organic glass

Author

Laplace, T. A., Goldblum, B. L., Bevins, J. E., Bleuel, D. L., Bourret, E., Brown, J. A., Callaghan, E. J., Carlson, J. S., Feng, P. L., Gabella, G., Harrig, K. P., Manfredi, J. J., Moore, C., Moretti, F., Shinner, M., Sweet, A., and Sweger, Z. W.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

An organic glass scintillator developed by Sandia National Laboratories was characterized in terms of its light output and pulse shape discrimination (PSD) properties and compared to commercial liquid (EJ-309) and plastic (EJ-276) organic scintillators. The electron light output was determined through relative comparison of the $^{137}$Cs Compton edge location. The proton light yield was measured using a double time-of-flight technique at the 88-Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Using a tunable broad-spectrum neutron source and an array of pulse-shape-discriminating observation scintillators, a continuous measurement of the proton light yield was performed for EJ-309 (200 keV$-$3.2 MeV), EJ-276 (170 keV$-$4.9 MeV), and the organic glass (50 keV$-$20 MeV). Finally, the PSD properties of the organic glass, EJ-309, and EJ-276 were evaluated using an AmBe source and compared via a figure-of-merit metric. The organic glass exhibited a higher electron light output than both EJ-309 and EJ-276. Its proton light yield and PSD performance were comparable to EJ-309 and superior to that of EJ-276. With these performance characteristics, the organic glass scintillator is well poised to replace current state-of-the-art PSD-capable scintillators in a range of fast neutron detection applications., Comment: 32 pages, 13 figures, 9 tables

Published
2020
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8. Anxious distress in people with major depressive episodes: a cross-sectional analysis of clinical correlates

Author

Bartoli, F, Bachi, B, Callovini, T, Palpella, D, Piacenti, S, Morreale, M, Di Lella, M, Crocamo, C, Carrà, G, Barbieri, F, Bartoccetti, A, Bassetti, C, Bernasconi, G, Bommartini, C, Bona, P, Boniello, F, Calabrese, A, Canestro, A, Capogrosso, C, Cavaleri, D, Castiglioni, M, Cioni, R, Colangelo, F, De Pietra, A, Frigeni, T, Gazzola, M, Gianfelice, L, Gandolfo, N, Guzzi, P, Lauria, G, Limonta, S, Lucini Paioni, S, Mauro, S, Molendini, M, Morello, P, Moretti, F, Nasti, C, Prestifilippo, L, Re, M, Camera, P, Bartoli F., Bachi B., Callovini T., Palpella D., Piacenti S., Morreale M., Di Lella M., Crocamo C., Carrà G., Barbieri F. F., Bartoccetti A., Bassetti C., Bernasconi G., Bommartini C., Bona P., Boniello F., Calabrese A., Canestro A., Capogrosso C. A., Cavaleri D., Castiglioni M., Cioni R. M., Colangelo F., De Pietra A., Frigeni T., Gazzola M., Gianfelice L., Gandolfo N., Guzzi P., Lauria G., Limonta S., Lucini Paioni S., Mauro S., Molendini M., Morello P., Moretti F., Nasti C., Prestifilippo L., Re M., Camera P., Bartoli, F, Bachi, B, Callovini, T, Palpella, D, Piacenti, S, Morreale, M, Di Lella, M, Crocamo, C, Carrà, G, Barbieri, F, Bartoccetti, A, Bassetti, C, Bernasconi, G, Bommartini, C, Bona, P, Boniello, F, Calabrese, A, Canestro, A, Capogrosso, C, Cavaleri, D, Castiglioni, M, Cioni, R, Colangelo, F, De Pietra, A, Frigeni, T, Gazzola, M, Gianfelice, L, Gandolfo, N, Guzzi, P, Lauria, G, Limonta, S, Lucini Paioni, S, Mauro, S, Molendini, M, Morello, P, Moretti, F, Nasti, C, Prestifilippo, L, Re, M, Camera, P, Bartoli F., Bachi B., Callovini T., Palpella D., Piacenti S., Morreale M., Di Lella M., Crocamo C., Carrà G., Barbieri F. F., Bartoccetti A., Bassetti C., Bernasconi G., Bommartini C., Bona P., Boniello F., Calabrese A., Canestro A., Capogrosso C. A., Cavaleri D., Castiglioni M., Cioni R. M., Colangelo F., De Pietra A., Frigeni T., Gazzola M., Gianfelice L., Gandolfo N., Guzzi P., Lauria G., Limonta S., Lucini Paioni S., Mauro S., Molendini M., Morello P., Moretti F., Nasti C., Prestifilippo L., Re M., and Camera P.

Abstract

Objective. Most people with major depressive episodes meet criteria for the anxiety distress (AD) specifier defined by DSM-5 as the presence of symptoms such as feeling of tension, restlessness, and difficulty concentrating, and fear that something awful may happen. This cross-sectional study was aimed at identifying clinical correlates of AD in people with unipolar or bipolar depression. Methods. Inpatients with a current major depressive episode were included. Data on sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected. The SCID-5 was used to diagnose depressive episodes and relevant specifiers. The Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) were used to assess the severity of depression and symptoms of the opposite polarity (manic symptoms), respectively. Multiple logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify clinical correlates of AD. Results. We included 206 people (mean age: 48.4±18.6 yrs.; males: 38.8%) admitted for a major depressive episode (155 with major depressive disorder and 51 with bipolar disorder). Around two thirds of the sample (N=137; 66.5%) had AD. Multiple logistic regression models showed that AD was associated with mixed features, higher YMRS scores, psychotic features, and a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (p < 0.05). There were no other clinical variables associated with AD. Conclusion. Despite some limitations, including the cross-sectional design and the inpatient setting, our study shows that AD is likely to be associated with mixed and psychotic features, as well as with unipolar depression. The identification of these clinical domains may be helpful for clinicians to better contextualize AD in the context of major depressive episodes.

Published
2024

9. Comparative scintillation performance of EJ-309, EJ-276, and a novel organic glass

Author

Laplace, TA, Goldblum, BL, Bevins, JE, Bleuel, DL, Bourret, E, Brown, JA, Callaghan, EJ, Carlson, JS, Feng, PL, Gabella, G, Harrig, KP, Manfredi, JJ, Moore, C, Moretti, F, Shinner, M, Sweet, A, and Sweger, ZW

Subjects
Neutron detectors, Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes, Radiation monitoring, physics.ins-det, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical Sciences, Engineering
Abstract

An organic glass scintillator developed by Sandia National Laboratories was characterized in terms of its light output and pulse shape discrimination (PSD) properties and compared to commercial liquid (EJ-309) and plastic (EJ-276) organic scintillators. The electron light output was determined through relative comparison of the 137Cs Compton edge location. The proton light yield was measured using a double time-of-flight technique at the 88-Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Using a tunable broad-spectrum neutron source and an array of pulse-shape-discriminating observation scintillators, a continuous measurement of the proton light yield was performed for EJ-309 (200 keV–3.2 MeV), EJ-276 (170 keV–4.9 MeV), and the organic glass (50 keV–20 MeV). Finally, the PSD properties of the organic glass, EJ-309, and EJ-276 were evaluated using an AmBe source and compared via a figure-of-merit metric. The organic glass exhibited a higher electron light output than both EJ-309 and EJ-276. Its proton light yield and PSD performance were comparable to EJ-309 and superior to that of EJ-276. With these performance characteristics, the organic glass scintillator is well poised to replace current state-of-the-art PSD-capable scintillators in a range of fast neutron detection applications.

Published
2020

10. GaAs as a bright cryogenic scintillator for the direct dark matter detection

Author

Vasiukov, S., Chiossi, F., Braggio, C., Carugno, G., Moretti, F., Bourret, E., and Derenzo, S.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The optical and scintillation properties of undoped, Si-doped, and Si, B co-doped GaAs samples were studied. The light yield specification and X-ray luminescence of GaAs over a wide IR region by using Si and InGaAs photodetectors are presented. The undoped GaAs demonstrated a narrow emission band at 838 nm (1.48 eV) and a low light output of about 2 ph/keV. The GaAs:Si is characterized by three broad luminescence bands at 830 nm (1.49 eV), 1070 nm (1.16 eV), 1335 nm (0.93 eV) and a light output of about 71 ph/keV. In the case of GaAs:(Si, B), four luminescence bands at 860 nm (1.44 eV), 930 nm (1.33 eV), 1070 nm (1.16 eV) and 1335 nm (0.93 eV) were observed. A high light yield higher than 125 ph/keV was estimated for the co-doped sample. The applications of low energy gap semiconductors as cryogenic scintillators for particle detection are discussed. The GaAs is a promising crystal for a cryogenic scintillator for the dark matter (DM) detection.

Published
2019

11. Theia: an advanced optical neutrino detector

Author

Askins, M, Bagdasarian, Z, Barros, N, Beier, EW, Blucher, E, Bonventre, R, Bourret, E, Callaghan, EJ, Caravaca, J, Diwan, M, Dye, ST, Eisch, J, Elagin, A, Enqvist, T, Fischer, V, Frankiewicz, K, Grant, C, Guffanti, D, Hagner, C, Hallin, A, Jackson, CM, Jiang, R, Kaptanoglu, T, Klein, JR, Kolomensky, YG, Kraus, C, Krennrich, F, Kutter, T, Lachenmaier, T, Land, B, Lande, K, Learned, JG, Lozza, V, Ludhova, L, Malek, M, Manecki, S, Maneira, J, Maricic, J, Martyn, J, Mastbaum, A, Mauger, C, Moretti, F, Napolitano, J, Naranjo, B, Nieslony, M, Oberauer, L, Orebi Gann, GD, Ouellet, J, Pershing, T, Petcov, ST, Pickard, L, Rosero, R, Sanchez, MC, Sawatzki, J, Seo, SH, Smiley, M, Smy, M, Stahl, A, Steiger, H, Stock, MR, Sunej, H, Svoboda, R, Tiras, E, Trzaska, WH, Tzanov, M, Vagins, M, Vilela, C, Wang, Z, Wang, J, Wetstein, M, Wilking, MJ, Winslow, L, Wittich, P, Wonsak, B, Worcester, E, Wurm, M, Yang, G, Yeh, M, Zimmerman, ED, Zsoldos, S, and Zuber, K

Subjects
physics.ins-det, hep-ex, nucl-ex, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Abstract

New developments in liquid scintillators, high-efficiency, fast photon detectors, and chromatic photon sorting have opened up the possibility for building a large-scale detector that can discriminate between Cherenkov and scintillation signals. Such a detector could reconstruct particle direction and species using Cherenkov light while also having the excellent energy resolution and low threshold of a scintillator detector. Situated deep underground, and utilizing new techniques in computing and reconstruction, this detector could achieve unprecedented levels of background rejection, enabling a rich physics program spanning topics in nuclear, high-energy, and astrophysics, and across a dynamic range from hundreds of keV to many GeV. The scientific program would include observations of low- and high-energy solar neutrinos, determination of neutrino mass ordering and measurement of the neutrino CP-violating phase δ, observations of diffuse supernova neutrinos and neutrinos from a supernova burst, sensitive searches for nucleon decay and, ultimately, a search for neutrinoless double beta decay, with sensitivity reaching the normal ordering regime of neutrino mass phase space. This paper describes Theia, a detector design that incorporates these new technologies in a practical and affordable way to accomplish the science goals described above.

Published
2020

13. Exploring depression in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A cross-sectional analysis of the clinical relationship with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale dimensions

Author

Bartoli, F, Calabrese, A, Moretti, F, Castiglioni, M, Prestifilippo, L, De Pietra, A, Gazzola, M, Camera, P, Crocamo, C, Carrà, G, Bachi, B, Barbieri, F, Bartoccetti, A, Bassetti, C, Bernasconi, G, Bommartini, C, Bona, P, Boniello, F, Callovini, T, Canestro, A, Capogrosso, C, Cavaleri, D, Cioni, R, Colangelo, F, Di Lella, M, Gianfelice, L, Guzzi, P, Lauria, G, Limonta, S, Lucini Paioni, S, Mauro, S, Morello, P, Morreale, M, Nasti, C, Palpella, D, Piacenti, S, Re, M, Villa, O, Bartoli, Francesco, Calabrese, Angela, Moretti, Federico, Castiglioni, Marta, Prestifilippo, Luca, De Pietra, Aldo, Gazzola, Marco, Camera, Paolo, Crocamo, Cristina, Carrà, Giuseppe, Bachi, Bianca, Barbieri, Filippo Fabio, Bartoccetti, Alessandra, Bassetti, Carlo, Bernasconi, Gianna, Bommartini, Carlo, Bona, Paolo, Boniello, Federica, Callovini, Tommaso, Canestro, Aurelia, Capogrosso, Chiara Alessandra, Cavaleri, Daniele, Cioni, Riccardo Matteo, Colangelo, Francesca, Di Lella, Maria Elisa, Gianfelice, Letizia, Guzzi, Pierluca, Lauria, Giada, Limonta, Serena, Lucini Paioni, Susanna, Mauro, Stefano, Morello, Pietro, Morreale, Marco, Nasti, Christian, Palpella, Dario, Piacenti, Susanna, Re, Martina, Villa, Oliviero., Bartoli, F, Calabrese, A, Moretti, F, Castiglioni, M, Prestifilippo, L, De Pietra, A, Gazzola, M, Camera, P, Crocamo, C, Carrà, G, Bachi, B, Barbieri, F, Bartoccetti, A, Bassetti, C, Bernasconi, G, Bommartini, C, Bona, P, Boniello, F, Callovini, T, Canestro, A, Capogrosso, C, Cavaleri, D, Cioni, R, Colangelo, F, Di Lella, M, Gianfelice, L, Guzzi, P, Lauria, G, Limonta, S, Lucini Paioni, S, Mauro, S, Morello, P, Morreale, M, Nasti, C, Palpella, D, Piacenti, S, Re, M, Villa, O, Bartoli, Francesco, Calabrese, Angela, Moretti, Federico, Castiglioni, Marta, Prestifilippo, Luca, De Pietra, Aldo, Gazzola, Marco, Camera, Paolo, Crocamo, Cristina, Carrà, Giuseppe, Bachi, Bianca, Barbieri, Filippo Fabio, Bartoccetti, Alessandra, Bassetti, Carlo, Bernasconi, Gianna, Bommartini, Carlo, Bona, Paolo, Boniello, Federica, Callovini, Tommaso, Canestro, Aurelia, Capogrosso, Chiara Alessandra, Cavaleri, Daniele, Cioni, Riccardo Matteo, Colangelo, Francesca, Di Lella, Maria Elisa, Gianfelice, Letizia, Guzzi, Pierluca, Lauria, Giada, Limonta, Serena, Lucini Paioni, Susanna, Mauro, Stefano, Morello, Pietro, Morreale, Marco, Nasti, Christian, Palpella, Dario, Piacenti, Susanna, Re, Martina, and Villa, Oliviero.

Abstract

Objective: Evidence on the relationship of depression with clinical dimensions of schizophrenia remains limited. This cross-sectional study aimed at exploring the association of depression with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) dimensions in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). Methods: Trained assessors administered PANSS to measure core symptoms of schizophrenia and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) to measure depressive features. Multiple logistic regression analyses were carried out to analyse the association of depression with PANSS overall score and related dimensions. Results: We included 231 inpatients with SSD (mean age:42.4±12.9 years; males: 58.9%; mean PANSS overall score:82.5±20.1; drug-free or naïve: 39.3%), including 78 (33.8%) with clinically significant depressive symptoms. Depression was associated with higher overall (regression coefficient [coeff.], standard error [SE]: 0.029, 0.008; p<0.001) and General Psychopathology (coeff., SE: 0.118, 0.023; p<0.001) PANSS scores. We found an inverse relationship between depression and positive symptoms (coeff., SE: -0.088, 0.028; p=0.002). No association between depressive and negative symptoms was estimated. Conclusions: Despite some limitations, our study shows that people affected by SSD with depressive features are likely to show more overall and general psychopathology symptoms, though lower positive symptoms. Additional studies are needed to explore the generalizability of our findings.

Published
2024

14. Tolerability of vortioxetine compared to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in older adults with major depressive disorder (VESPA): a randomised, assessor-blinded and statistician-blinded, multicentre, superiority trial

Author

Ostuzzi, G, Gastaldon, C, Tettamanti, M, Cartabia, M, Monti, I, Aguglia, A, Aguglia, E, Bartoli, F, Callegari, C, Canozzi, A, Carbone, E, Carrà, G, Caruso, R, Cavallotti, S, Chiappini, S, Colasante, F, Compri, B, D'Agostino, A, De Fazio, P, de Filippis, R, Gari, M, Ielmini, M, Ingrosso, G, Mammarella, S, Martinotti, G, Rodolico, A, Roncone, R, Sterzi, E, Tarsitani, L, Tiberto, E, Todini, L, Amaddeo, F, D'Avanzo, B, Barbato, A, Barbui, C, Alessi, M, Avincola, G, Bachi, B, Bernasconi, G, Birgillito, A, Bisso, E, Bonora, S, Calabrese, A, Callovini, T, Canestro, A, Canonico, S, Capogrosso, C, Carosielli, D, Caselli, I, Cavaleri, D, Cavallotto, C, Cesca, M, Chiarenza, C, Cioni, R, Coloccini, S, Cruciata, M, Cumerlato, C, De Filippis, R, De Palma, M, Del Vecchio, S, Della Rocca, B, Di Natale, C, D'Onofrio, E, Espa, I, Fior, G, Gancitano, M, Giordano, B, Giusti, L, Grassi, L, Guzzi, P, Isella, C, Lax, A, Marano, L, Marconi, F, Marella, M, Metelli, A, Michencig, G, Miuli, A, Moncada, A, Morello, P, Moretti, F, Morreale, M, Mosca, A, Nasti, C, Nosé, M, Ogheri, F, Oresti, M, Ornaghi, A, Palpella, D, Pancheri, C, Papola, D, Passeri, S, Pettorusso, M, Piacenti, S, Pinucci, I, Pugliese, V, Purgato, M, Rania, M, Robbi, F, Romito, S, Ronchi, B, Roselli, V, Segura-Garcia, C, Signorelli, M, Simonelli, G, Sociali, A, Sturiale, S, Tambelli, A, Todesco, B, Trabucco, A, Turrini, G, Villa, V, Wiedenmann, F, Zambuto, L, Zanini, E, Zannini, C, Zerbinati, L, Ostuzzi, Giovanni, Gastaldon, Chiara, Tettamanti, Mauro, Cartabia, Massimo, Monti, Igor, Aguglia, Andrea, Aguglia, Eugenio, Bartoli, Francesco, Callegari, Camilla, Canozzi, Andrea, Carbone, Elvira Anna, Carrà, Giuseppe, Caruso, Rosangela, Cavallotti, Simone, Chiappini, Stefania, Colasante, Fabrizio, Compri, Beatrice, D'Agostino, Armando, De Fazio, Pasquale, de Filippis, Renato, Gari, Matteo, Ielmini, Marta, Ingrosso, Gianmarco, Mammarella, Silvia, Martinotti, Giovanni, Rodolico, Alessandro, Roncone, Rita, Sterzi, Enrico, Tarsitani, Lorenzo, Tiberto, Elisa, Todini, Liliana, Amaddeo, Francesco, D'Avanzo, Barbara, Barbato, Angelo, Barbui, Corrado, Alessi, Maria Chiara, Avincola, Gabriele, Bachi, Bianca, Bernasconi, Gianna, Birgillito, Andrea, Bisso, Emanuele, Bonora, Stefano, Calabrese, Angela, Callovini, Tommaso, Canestro, Aurelia, Canonico, Salvo, Capogrosso, Chiara Alessandra, Carbone, Elvira, Carosielli, Doriana, Caselli, Ivano, Cavaleri, Daniele, Cavallotto, Clara, Cesca, Marco, Chiarenza, Cecilia, Cioni, Riccardo Matteo, Coloccini, Sara, Cruciata, Marco, Cumerlato, Claudia, De Filippis, Renato, De Palma, Manuela, Del Vecchio, Sasha, Della Rocca, Bianca, Di Natale, Chiara, D'Onofrio, Ettore, Espa, Irene, Fior, Giulia, Gancitano, Marta, Giordano, Barbara, Giusti, Laura, Grassi, Luigi, Guzzi, Pierluca, Isella, Celeste, Lax, Annamaria, Marano, Leonardo, Marconi, Federico, Marella, Marco, Metelli, Alessia, Michencig, Giulia, Miuli, Andrea, Moncada, Alessandro, Morello, Pietro, Moretti, Federico, Morreale, Marco, Mosca, Alessio, Nasti, Christian, Nosé, Michela, Ogheri, Filippo, Oresti, Margherita, Ornaghi, Alessandra, Palpella, Dario, Pancheri, Corinna, Papola, Davide, Passeri, Silvia, Pettorusso, Mauro, Piacenti, Susanna, Pinucci, Irene, Pugliese, Valentina, Purgato, Marianna, Rania, Marianna, Robbi, Federica, Romito, Samantha, Ronchi, Barbara, Roselli, Valentina, Segura-Garcia, Cristina, Signorelli, Maria Salvina, Simonelli, Gabriele, Sociali, Antonella, Sturiale, Serena, Tambelli, Antonio, Todesco, Beatrice, Trabucco, Alice, Turrini, Giulia, Villa, Veronica, Wiedenmann, Federico, Zambuto, Luca, Zanini, Elisa, Zannini, Chiara, Zerbinati, Luigi, Ostuzzi, G, Gastaldon, C, Tettamanti, M, Cartabia, M, Monti, I, Aguglia, A, Aguglia, E, Bartoli, F, Callegari, C, Canozzi, A, Carbone, E, Carrà, G, Caruso, R, Cavallotti, S, Chiappini, S, Colasante, F, Compri, B, D'Agostino, A, De Fazio, P, de Filippis, R, Gari, M, Ielmini, M, Ingrosso, G, Mammarella, S, Martinotti, G, Rodolico, A, Roncone, R, Sterzi, E, Tarsitani, L, Tiberto, E, Todini, L, Amaddeo, F, D'Avanzo, B, Barbato, A, Barbui, C, Alessi, M, Avincola, G, Bachi, B, Bernasconi, G, Birgillito, A, Bisso, E, Bonora, S, Calabrese, A, Callovini, T, Canestro, A, Canonico, S, Capogrosso, C, Carosielli, D, Caselli, I, Cavaleri, D, Cavallotto, C, Cesca, M, Chiarenza, C, Cioni, R, Coloccini, S, Cruciata, M, Cumerlato, C, De Filippis, R, De Palma, M, Del Vecchio, S, Della Rocca, B, Di Natale, C, D'Onofrio, E, Espa, I, Fior, G, Gancitano, M, Giordano, B, Giusti, L, Grassi, L, Guzzi, P, Isella, C, Lax, A, Marano, L, Marconi, F, Marella, M, Metelli, A, Michencig, G, Miuli, A, Moncada, A, Morello, P, Moretti, F, Morreale, M, Mosca, A, Nasti, C, Nosé, M, Ogheri, F, Oresti, M, Ornaghi, A, Palpella, D, Pancheri, C, Papola, D, Passeri, S, Pettorusso, M, Piacenti, S, Pinucci, I, Pugliese, V, Purgato, M, Rania, M, Robbi, F, Romito, S, Ronchi, B, Roselli, V, Segura-Garcia, C, Signorelli, M, Simonelli, G, Sociali, A, Sturiale, S, Tambelli, A, Todesco, B, Trabucco, A, Turrini, G, Villa, V, Wiedenmann, F, Zambuto, L, Zanini, E, Zannini, C, Zerbinati, L, Ostuzzi, Giovanni, Gastaldon, Chiara, Tettamanti, Mauro, Cartabia, Massimo, Monti, Igor, Aguglia, Andrea, Aguglia, Eugenio, Bartoli, Francesco, Callegari, Camilla, Canozzi, Andrea, Carbone, Elvira Anna, Carrà, Giuseppe, Caruso, Rosangela, Cavallotti, Simone, Chiappini, Stefania, Colasante, Fabrizio, Compri, Beatrice, D'Agostino, Armando, De Fazio, Pasquale, de Filippis, Renato, Gari, Matteo, Ielmini, Marta, Ingrosso, Gianmarco, Mammarella, Silvia, Martinotti, Giovanni, Rodolico, Alessandro, Roncone, Rita, Sterzi, Enrico, Tarsitani, Lorenzo, Tiberto, Elisa, Todini, Liliana, Amaddeo, Francesco, D'Avanzo, Barbara, Barbato, Angelo, Barbui, Corrado, Alessi, Maria Chiara, Avincola, Gabriele, Bachi, Bianca, Bernasconi, Gianna, Birgillito, Andrea, Bisso, Emanuele, Bonora, Stefano, Calabrese, Angela, Callovini, Tommaso, Canestro, Aurelia, Canonico, Salvo, Capogrosso, Chiara Alessandra, Carbone, Elvira, Carosielli, Doriana, Caselli, Ivano, Cavaleri, Daniele, Cavallotto, Clara, Cesca, Marco, Chiarenza, Cecilia, Cioni, Riccardo Matteo, Coloccini, Sara, Cruciata, Marco, Cumerlato, Claudia, De Filippis, Renato, De Palma, Manuela, Del Vecchio, Sasha, Della Rocca, Bianca, Di Natale, Chiara, D'Onofrio, Ettore, Espa, Irene, Fior, Giulia, Gancitano, Marta, Giordano, Barbara, Giusti, Laura, Grassi, Luigi, Guzzi, Pierluca, Isella, Celeste, Lax, Annamaria, Marano, Leonardo, Marconi, Federico, Marella, Marco, Metelli, Alessia, Michencig, Giulia, Miuli, Andrea, Moncada, Alessandro, Morello, Pietro, Moretti, Federico, Morreale, Marco, Mosca, Alessio, Nasti, Christian, Nosé, Michela, Ogheri, Filippo, Oresti, Margherita, Ornaghi, Alessandra, Palpella, Dario, Pancheri, Corinna, Papola, Davide, Passeri, Silvia, Pettorusso, Mauro, Piacenti, Susanna, Pinucci, Irene, Pugliese, Valentina, Purgato, Marianna, Rania, Marianna, Robbi, Federica, Romito, Samantha, Ronchi, Barbara, Roselli, Valentina, Segura-Garcia, Cristina, Signorelli, Maria Salvina, Simonelli, Gabriele, Sociali, Antonella, Sturiale, Serena, Tambelli, Antonio, Todesco, Beatrice, Trabucco, Alice, Turrini, Giulia, Villa, Veronica, Wiedenmann, Federico, Zambuto, Luca, Zanini, Elisa, Zannini, Chiara, and Zerbinati, Luigi

Abstract

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is prevalent and disabling among older adults. Standing on its tolerability profile, vortioxetine might be a promising alternative to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in such a vulnerable population. Methods: We conducted a randomised, assessor- and statistician-blinded, superiority trial including older adults with MDD. The study was conducted between 02/02/2019 and 02/22/2023 in 11 Italian Psychiatric Services. Participants were randomised to vortioxetine or one of the SSRIs, selected according to common practice. Treatment discontinuation due to adverse events after six months was the primary outcome, for which we aimed to detect a 12% difference in favour of vortioxetine. The study was registered in the online repository clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03779789). Findings: The intention-to-treat population included 179 individuals randomised to vortioxetine and 178 to SSRIs. Mean age was 73.7 years (standard deviation 6.1), and 264 participants (69%) were female. Of those on vortioxetine, 78 (44%) discontinued the treatment due to adverse events at six months, compared to 59 (33%) of those on SSRIs (odds ratio 1.56; 95% confidence interval 1.01–2.39). Adjusted and per-protocol analyses confirmed point estimates in favour of SSRIs, but without a significant difference. With the exception of the unadjusted survival analysis showing SSRIs to outperform vortioxetine, secondary outcomes provided results consistent with a lack of substantial safety and tolerability differences between the two arms. Overall, no significant differences emerged in terms of response rates, depressive symptoms and quality of life, while SSRIs outperformed vortioxetine in terms of cognitive performance. Interpretation: As opposed to what was previously hypothesised, vortioxetine did not show a better tolerability profile compared to SSRIs in older adults with MDD in this study. Additionally, hypothetical advantages of vortioxetine on depress

Published
2024

16. Cerenkov light identification with Si low-temperature detectors with Neganov-Luke effect-enhanced sensitivity

Author

Gironi, L., Biassoni, M., Brofferio, C., Capelli, S., Carniti, P., Cassina, L., Clemenza, M., Cremonesi, O., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Fossati, E., Giachero, A., Giordano, C., Gotti, C., Maino, M., Margesin, B., Moretti, F., Nucciotti, A., Pavan, M., Pessina, G., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Sisti, M., and Terranova, F.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

A new generation of cryogenic light detectors exploiting Neganov-Luke effect to enhance the thermal signal has been used to detect the Cherenkov light emitted by the electrons interacting in TeO$_{2}$ crystals. With this mechanism a high significance event-by-event discrimination between alpha and beta/gamma interactions at the $^{130}$Te neutrino-less double beta decay Q-value - (2527.515 $\pm$ 0.013) keV - has been demonstrated. This measurement opens the possibility of drastically reducing the background in cryogenic experiments based on TeO$_{2}$.

Published
2016
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17. Conference Comments

Author

Wang, Z, Nikl, M, Lucchini, M, Cova, F, Moretti, F, Pilania, G, Tamulaitis, G, Villa, I, Zhuravleva, M, Wang Z., Nikl M., Lucchini M. T., Cova F., Moretti F., Pilania G., Tamulaitis G., Villa I., Zhuravleva M., Wang, Z, Nikl, M, Lucchini, M, Cova, F, Moretti, F, Pilania, G, Tamulaitis, G, Villa, I, Zhuravleva, M, Wang Z., Nikl M., Lucchini M. T., Cova F., Moretti F., Pilania G., Tamulaitis G., Villa I., and Zhuravleva M.

Abstract

The 16th International Conference on Inorganic Scintillators and their Applications (SCINT 2022) was organized by the Los Alamos National Laboratory, and held in Santa Fe, NM, USA, from September 19 to October 23, 2022. More than 200 colleagues from nearly 20 different countries finally participated in the conference. The program consisted of five invited and ten keynote lectures, and 74 oral and 46 poster contributions. A special memorial session was devoted to Prof. Richard T. Williams. Extended exhibition with altogether about ten exhibitor stands provided another link to the market applications behind the research. An intense and structured research and development in the field of scintillators was represented by 15 sessions oriented toward various material technologies including nanomaterials, metamaterials, and classical bulk single crystals and optical ceramics. Their characterization, modeling, and underlying physical mechanisms description constituted the subject of a major part of conference contributions. Finally, various applications of inorganic scintillators were presented and discussed.

Published
2023

18. The role of BDNF in major depressive disorder, related clinical features, and antidepressant treatment: Insight from meta-analyses

Author

Cavaleri, D, Moretti, F, Bartoccetti, A, Mauro, S, Crocamo, C, Carrà, G, Bartoli, F, Cavaleri D., Moretti F., Bartoccetti A., Mauro S., Crocamo C., Carrà G., Bartoli F., Cavaleri, D, Moretti, F, Bartoccetti, A, Mauro, S, Crocamo, C, Carrà, G, Bartoli, F, Cavaleri D., Moretti F., Bartoccetti A., Mauro S., Crocamo C., Carrà G., and Bartoli F.

Abstract

The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has received considerable attention as a potential biomarker of major depressive disorder (MDD) and antidepressant response. We conducted an overview of meta-analyses investigating the relationship of BDNF with MDD, related clinical features, and antidepressant treatment. Based on a systematic screening on main electronic databases, 11 systematic reviews with meta-analyses were included. Available evidence suggests that people with MDD have peripheral and central BDNF levels lower than non-depressed individuals. A negative correlation between blood BDNF and symptom severity emerged, while no association with suicidality was detected. Moreover, an increase in blood BDNF levels after antidepressant treatment, proportional to symptom improvement, was reported. BDNF levels seem to be increased in both treatment responders and remitters, remaining stable in non-responders. Conversely, no variations of BDNF concentrations after non-pharmacological interventions (electroconvulsive therapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, and physical activity) were found. The findings of this overview appear consistent with the neurotrophic hypothesis of depression, suggesting that BDNF may play a role in both MDD pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment response.

Published
2023

19. Clinical correlates of comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults suffering from bipolar disorder: A meta-analysis

Author

Bartoli, F, Callovini, T, Cavaleri, D, Cioni, R, Bachi, B, Calabrese, A, Moretti, F, Canestro, A, Morreale, M, Nasti, C, Palpella, D, Piacenti, S, Nacinovich, R, Riboldi, I, Crocamo, C, Carra, G, Bartoli F., Callovini T., Cavaleri D., Cioni R. M., Bachi B., Calabrese A., Moretti F., Canestro A., Morreale M., Nasti C., Palpella D., Piacenti S., Nacinovich R., Riboldi I., Crocamo C., Carra G., Bartoli, F, Callovini, T, Cavaleri, D, Cioni, R, Bachi, B, Calabrese, A, Moretti, F, Canestro, A, Morreale, M, Nasti, C, Palpella, D, Piacenti, S, Nacinovich, R, Riboldi, I, Crocamo, C, Carra, G, Bartoli F., Callovini T., Cavaleri D., Cioni R. M., Bachi B., Calabrese A., Moretti F., Canestro A., Morreale M., Nasti C., Palpella D., Piacenti S., Nacinovich R., Riboldi I., Crocamo C., and Carra G.

Abstract

Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a frequent comorbid condition in adults with bipolar disorder. We performed a meta-analysis aimed at assessing sociodemographic and clinical correlates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in bipolar disorder. Method: We searched main electronic databases up to June 2021. Random-effects meta-analyses, with relevant meta-regression and quality-based sensitivity analyses, were carried out to estimate the association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and putative correlates, grading the quality of evidence. Results: We included 43 studies, based on 38 independent samples. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder participants were more likely to be males (odds ratio = 1.46; p < 0.001) and unemployed (odds ratio = 1.45; p = 0.045), and less likely to be married (odds ratio = 0.62; p = 0.014). They had an earlier onset of bipolar disorder (standardized mean difference = −0.36; p < 0.001); more mood episodes (standardized mean difference = 0.35; p = 0.007), particularly depressive (standardized mean difference = 0.30; p = 0.011) and mixed (standardized mean difference = 0.30; p = 0.031) ones; higher odds of using antidepressants (odds ratio = 1.80; p = 0.024) and attempted suicides (odds ratio = 1.83; p < 0.001) and lower odds of psychotic features (odds ratio = 0.63; p = 0.010). Moreover, they were more likely to have generalized anxiety disorder (odds ratio = 1.50; p = 0.019), panic disorder (odds ratio = 1.89; p < 0.001), social phobia (odds ratio = 1.61; p = 0.017), eating disorders (odds ratio = 1.91; p = 0.007), antisocial personality disorder (odds ratio = 3.59; p = 0.004) and substance (odds ratio = 2.29; p < 0.001) or alcohol (odds ratio = 2.28; p < 0.001) use disorders. Quality of the evidence was generally low or very low for the majority of correlates, except for bipolar disorder onset and alcohol/substance use disorders (high), and suicide attempts (moderate). Conclu

Published
2023

20. Blood concentrations of neopterin and biopterin in subjects with depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Cavaleri, D, Bartoli, F, Capogrosso, C, Guzzi, P, Moretti, F, Riboldi, I, Misiak, B, Kishi, T, Rubin, R, Fuchs, D, Crocamo, C, Carra, G, Cavaleri D., Bartoli F., Capogrosso C. A., Guzzi P., Moretti F., Riboldi I., Misiak B., Kishi T., Rubin R. T., Fuchs D., Crocamo C., Carra G., Cavaleri, D, Bartoli, F, Capogrosso, C, Guzzi, P, Moretti, F, Riboldi, I, Misiak, B, Kishi, T, Rubin, R, Fuchs, D, Crocamo, C, Carra, G, Cavaleri D., Bartoli F., Capogrosso C. A., Guzzi P., Moretti F., Riboldi I., Misiak B., Kishi T., Rubin R. T., Fuchs D., Crocamo C., and Carra G.

Abstract

Introduction: Pteridines, such as neopterin, biopterin, and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), may be involved in depression pathophysiology owing to their links to immune-inflammatory response, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and monoaminergic transmission. Nonetheless, studies assessing pteridines in depression are inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies comparing blood pteridine concentrations between subjects with depression and healthy controls (HCs). Methods: We searched Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycInfo for articles indexed through November 2021. Study quality was appraised, evaluating age and gender comparability between groups, sample representativeness, and methods to assess depression. Random-effects meta-analyses were carried out, generating pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs). Heterogeneity across studies was estimated using the I2 statistic. Results: Twenty-four studies, involving 3075 subjects, were included. Individuals with depression showed blood neopterin concentrations higher than HCs (k = 19; SMD = 0.36; p < 0.001) with moderate heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 58.2%). No moderating role of age, gender, or type of blood sample was found. Sensitivity analyses showed no impact of inconsistency and quality of studies on findings. Neopterin concentrations were higher among individuals with major depressive disorder compared to HCs (SMD = 0.44; p < 0.001). This held true also when considering only drug-free subjects (SMD = 0.68; p = 0.003). No differences in biopterin concentrations were found between subjects with depression and HCs (k = 5; SMD = –0.35; p = 0.086), though this result was limited by inconsistency of findings (I2 = 77.9%) and quality of studies. Finally, no sufficient data were available for a meta-analysis on BH4. Conclusions: As a whole, our work partly supports the hypothesis of an imbalance of pteridine metabolism in depression.

Published
2023

24. PB0774 The Role of Immunothrombosis in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Patients during COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis during a 2 Year Follow-Up

Author

Gomez Rosas, P., primary, Marchetti, M., additional, Pescetelli, L., additional, Sanga, E., additional, Russo, L., additional, Gamba, S., additional, Verzeroli, C., additional, Pellegrini, D., additional, Fiocca, L., additional, Canova, P., additional, Vassileva, A., additional, Moretti, F., additional, Grosu, A., additional, Guagliumi, G., additional, and Falanga, A., additional

Published
2023
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38. Investigation of the competition between Tl+ and Ce3+ scintillation in Tl2LiYCl6:Ce, an elpasolite scintillator

Author

Moretti, F, Moretti, F, Onken, D, Perrodin, D, Bourret, E, Moretti, F, Moretti, F, Onken, D, Perrodin, D, and Bourret, E

Abstract

Li-containing elpasolite scintillators are currently investigated for their ability to detect both thermal neutrons and gamma photons with a single inorganic crystal. The scintillation is typically triggered by using an activator such as Ce. However, when Tl, also a luminescent ion, is present in the matrix, competition between the two centers Tl and Ce can occur. In this study, we are using Ce doped Tl2LiYCl6 to investigate this competition. To this end, the Ce (which substitutes Y) concentration is varied from 0 to 1 in the Tl2LiY1-xCexCl6 composition. In the low concentration range in which Ce remains a dopant, the photo- and radioluminescence spectra show that the scintillation of Tl2LiYCl6:Ce is mostly dominated by recombination on intrinsic luminescent centers. For cerium concentrations higher than x = 0.02, very different emissions can be easily distinguished from the photo- and radioluminescence of undoped and low Ce doped Tl2LiYCl6 crystals. These emissions are attributed to the formation of a second phase Tl2CeCl5, identified by X-ray diffraction. We conclude that the intrinsic luminescence related to Tl dominates the scintillation in the range of concentration for which Ce does substitute on the Y-site.

Published
2022

39. Innovations in community-based mental health care: an overview of meta-analyses

Author

Carra, G, Bartoli, F, Capogrosso, C, Cioni, R, Moretti, F, Piacenti, S, Riboldi, I, Crocamo, C, Bebbington, P, Carra G., Bartoli F., Capogrosso C. A., Cioni R. M., Moretti F., Piacenti S., Riboldi I., Crocamo C., Bebbington P. E., Carra, G, Bartoli, F, Capogrosso, C, Cioni, R, Moretti, F, Piacenti, S, Riboldi, I, Crocamo, C, Bebbington, P, Carra G., Bartoli F., Capogrosso C. A., Cioni R. M., Moretti F., Piacenti S., Riboldi I., Crocamo C., and Bebbington P. E.

Abstract

In the last four decades, mental health services for people with Severe Mental Illness (SMI) have seen asylums replaced by a balanced model of Community Mental Healthcare (CMH). Innovative approaches and strategies in the field of CMH have been extensively researched. However, this research has been hampered by issues limiting their capacity to inform clinicians and policymakers. We conducted an overview of meta-analyses of the effectiveness of innovative CMH models focussing on clinical and psychosocial outcomes in comparisons with standard care in adults with SMI. Based on the 12 eligible studies, we appraised, synthesised and graded the resulting evidence. There was moderate quality evidence that case management, Early Intervention Services (EIS) and caregiver-directed interventions were superior to standard care in reducing hospital admission. In relation to psychosocial outcomes, EIS showed high quality evidence of a small effect on global functioning. There was moderate quality evidence for a similar effect of Intensive Case Management, and for a large effect of family intervention. For quality of life, both EIS and self-management education had a small effect, with moderate quality. The level of research about effective CMH models is therefore substantial. However, several gaps related to innovative CMH not yet covered in meta‐analytic synthesis, need to be filled.

Published
2022

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