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2. Engagement of early career researchers in collaborative assessments of IPCC reports: achievements and insights

Author

Moreno-Ibáñez, Marta, Casado, Mathieu, Gremion, Gwenaëlle, Rabanal, Valentina, Adojoh, Onema, Anoruo, Chukwuma, Arshad, Adnan, Attig-Bahar, Faten, Bello, Cinthya, Bergstedt, Helena, Caccavo, Jilda A., Champollion, Nicolas, Choy, Emily S., De Los Ríos, María Fernanda, Detlef, Henrieka, Dey, Rahul, Gamal, Gamil, Guimaro, Hugo R., Hancock, Susana, Hansen, Christel, Hare, Vincent, Höfer, Juan, Jabir, Thajudeen, Jain, Shipra, Jawak, Shridhar, Latonin, Mikhail, Martin, Joseph, Mojica-Moncada, Jhon, O'Hara, Ryan, Onafeso, Olumide, Prasath, R. Arun, Queiroz Alves, Eduardo, Raez-Villanueva, Sergio, Rosenbaum, Paul, Ruiz Pereira, Sebastián, Savaglia, Valentina, van Soest, Maud, Vural, Deniz, Moreno-Ibáñez, Marta, Casado, Mathieu, Gremion, Gwenaëlle, Rabanal, Valentina, Adojoh, Onema, Anoruo, Chukwuma, Arshad, Adnan, Attig-Bahar, Faten, Bello, Cinthya, Bergstedt, Helena, Caccavo, Jilda A., Champollion, Nicolas, Choy, Emily S., De Los Ríos, María Fernanda, Detlef, Henrieka, Dey, Rahul, Gamal, Gamil, Guimaro, Hugo R., Hancock, Susana, Hansen, Christel, Hare, Vincent, Höfer, Juan, Jabir, Thajudeen, Jain, Shipra, Jawak, Shridhar, Latonin, Mikhail, Martin, Joseph, Mojica-Moncada, Jhon, O'Hara, Ryan, Onafeso, Olumide, Prasath, R. Arun, Queiroz Alves, Eduardo, Raez-Villanueva, Sergio, Rosenbaum, Paul, Ruiz Pereira, Sebastián, Savaglia, Valentina, van Soest, Maud, and Vural, Deniz

Abstract

The participation of a diverse –in terms of geography, discipline and gender– group of Early Career Researchers (ECRs) in the peer review process can help alleviate the workload of senior researchers and counteract the perceptual biases that the latter tend to show. Moreover, ECRs can benefit from developing skills that are often not included in educational programs. From 2018 to 2021, the Association of Polar Early Career Scientists, in collaboration with other associations, organized six group reviews of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports by a total of more than 600 ECRs from over 70 different countries. This study aims to evaluate this group review in terms of its contribution to the production of scientific knowledge, and as a career development opportunity for ECRs. The data analyzed consists of application forms, review comments, and feedback surveys that were collected during each review process. The results of this study show that, overall, the group reviews were a success in terms of the experience of ECRs and their contribution to the peer review of the IPCC reports. Most survey respondents considered the general organization of the group reviews satisfactory and expressed interest in participating in future group reviews. However, most participants did not engage in discussions with their peers, which constitutes a missed opportunity to engage in active learning and the shared production of knowledge. ECRs made a significant contribution to the review of the IPCC reports by producing an average of 2422±532 comments per group review, 36% of which were substantive. PhD students were shown to be as proficient reviewers as postdoctoral researchers and faculty reviewers. More importantly, the diversity of reviewers in terms of geography and discipline, together with the fact that they are ECRs, can help produce more balanced scientific reports since they bring news perspectives, thus counteracting the biases that senior researchers ha

Published
2024

5. Analysis of the Development Mechanisms of a Polar Low over the Norwegian Sea Simulated with the Canadian Regional Climate Model.

Author

Moreno-Ibáñez, Marta, Laprise, René, and Gachon, Philippe

Subjects
*ATMOSPHERIC models, *POLAR vortex, *BAROCLINICITY, *VERTICAL wind shear, *ATMOSPHERIC boundary layer, *CYCLONES
Abstract

Polar lows (PLs) are maritime mesoscale cyclones associated with severe weather. They develop during marine cold air outbreaks near coastlines and the sea ice edge. Unfortunately, our knowledge about the mechanisms leading to PL development is still incomplete. This study aims to provide a detailed analysis of the development mechanisms of a PL that formed over the Norwegian Sea on 25 March 2019 using the output of a simulation with the sixth version of the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM6/GEM4), a convection-permitting model. First, the life cycle of the PL is described and the vertical wind shear environment is analysed. Then, the horizontal wind divergence and the baroclinic conversion term are computed, and a surface pressure tendency equation is developed. In addition, the roles of atmospheric static stability, latent heat release, and surface heat and moisture fluxes are explored. The results show that the PL developed in a forward-shear environment and that moist baroclinic instability played a major role in its genesis and intensification. Baroclinic instability was initially only present at low levels of the atmosphere, but later extended upward until it reached the mid-troposphere. Whereas the latent heat of condensation and the surface heat fluxes also contributed to the development of the PL, convective available potential energy and barotropic conversion do not seem to have played a major role in its intensification. In conclusion, this study shows that a convection-permitting model simulation is a powerful tool to study the details of the structure of PLs, as well as their development mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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7. THE ENVIRONMENT AS A SPACE FOR POWER-RELATED DISPUTES. Offshore oil exploration in New Zealand: A clash between corporate interests, governmental agenda and indigenous peoples’ rights

Author

Moreno Ibáñez, Marta and Nightingale, Andrea

Subjects
sustainable development, SOA-3902, Petrobras, Māori, self-determination, nature, VDP::Social science: 200::Political science and organizational theory: 240, political ecology, environment, knowledge system, indigenous peoples, New Zealand
Abstract

As new technologies are developed, the operations of extractive industries are increasingly affecting indigenous peoples’ lands and natural resources. Thus, the environment has become an essential element in conflicts involving companies, governments and indigenous peoples. The main aim of this dissertation is to study, mainly through discourse analysis, how these different actors construct a particular concept of the environment to promote their interests. In concrete, the study focuses on the company Petrobras, the Government of New Zealand and the Māori people. The research is divided into two main sections. The first part consists of the analysis of the different concepts of environment elaborated by the actors, and these concepts are related to their particular interests. The second part analyses the specific case of Petrobras’ offshore oil exploration in the Raukumara Basin, an operation that encountered strong opposition from Māori communities and environmental groups. From the analysis, two main conclusions are made. First, each actor shapes the concept of environment for its own purposes, and they all use the Science knowledge discourse, whose credibility is recognised worldwide. The Māori knowledge system is mainly used by the Māori themselves to promote their right to self-determination, and sometimes by the government in an attempt to establish a positive relationship with Māori. Two main themes were found throughout all discourses, which are the consideration of the environment as both part of each actor’s identity and a resource for economic growth. All actors consider nature as an object which they can use at their will. The second main conclusion is that the environment has become a relevant space for power-related disputes. In the particular case of New Zealand, the conflict between the government and Māori is related to the long-lasting dispute between the country’s sovereign rights and the right of Māori to self-determination.

Published
2013

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